Part 161

_Qual., &c._ Compound extract of colocynth is often adulterated with acrid cathartics to make up for the deficiency or inferiority of its proper ingredients, and foreign matter often becomes mixed with it by the use of impure scammony. The presence of cape aloes may usually be detected by the nauseous odour; chalk (an article frequently present in bad scammony), by placing a little ball of the extract in a glass tube, and pouring over it some dilute hydrochloric or acetic acid, when an effervescence will ensue if that substance be present; jalap, scammony adulterated with fecula, and other starchy substances, by the filtered decoction of the extract turning blue on the addition of tincture of iodine; gamboge, by the decoction becoming deep red on the addition of liquor of potassa, and by a filtered alcoholic solution of the extract forming a yellow emulsion with water, which becomes transparent and assumes a deep-red colour on the addition of caustic potassa; and further, by this solution (if the alkali is not in excess) giving a yellow precipitate with acids and with acetate of lead, a brown precipitate with sulphate of copper, and a very dark brown one with the salts of iron; also by the ethereal solution of the extract dropped on water yielding an opaque yellow film, soluble in caustic potassa if it contains gamboge.

_Dose_, 3 gr. to 15 gr. It is a safe and mild, yet certain, purgative. It may be mixed with calomel without the latter being decomposed. 2-1/2 or 3 gr., mixed with an equal weight of blue pill and taken overnight forms an excellent aperient in dyspepsia, liver complaints, &c. See ABERNETHY MEDICINES.

_Obs._ There are few formulæ which have undergone so many alterations in the hands of the College as that for compound extract of colocynth. Before 1809, proof spirit was ordered to be employed as the menstruum, and, omitting the soap, the preparation resembled that of the Ph. L. 1836. In 1809, the College directed water to be used instead of spirit, and added a certain quantity of soap. In the next edition of the Pharmacop[oe]ia (1815), the soap was again omitted; but in the edition of 1824, the formula of 1809 was again adopted, substituting, however, proof spirit for the water. These directions were also continued in the edition of 1836. In the last London Pharmacop[oe]ia (1851) the formula for this extract is omitted altogether, and in its place a pill (PILULA COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSITA) is inserted.

The compound extract of colocynth and the simple and compound extracts of sarsaparilla are in greater demand in the wholesale trade, and are sold in larger quantities at a time, than all the other medicinal extracts put together. As a proof, if it were necessary, that honesty is the best policy, it may be mentioned that a certain metropolitan druggist, remarkable for the superiority of this preparation, has obtained no inconsiderable fortune by its sale alone; while the host of miserable vendors of the evaporated decoction of musty colocynth seed, Cape aloes, worthless scammony, and scentless cardamoms, sold under the name, attempt to ruin each other by offering their rubbish at a price that precludes the possibility of a large profit, or even of the establishment of a respectable connection.

=Extract of Conia.= See EXTRACT OF HEMLOCK.

=Extract of Contrayer'va.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CONTRAYERVÆ, L. _Prep._ (Palat. Cod.) From contrayerva root, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.; as a diaphoretic tonic in low conditions of the system.

=Extract of Copai'ba.= _Syn._ RESINOUS EXTRACT OF COPAIBA; EXTRACTUM COPAIBÆ, E. C. RESINOSUM, L. _Prep._ (Mr Thorn.) From balsam of copaiba, by distilling off the oil until the residuum assumes the consistence of an extract.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr., or more. One of the many useless preparations which encumber modern pharmacy. It may be taken in 3 dr. doses without any perceptible effect beyond a fit of indigestion.

=Extract of Copal'che.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM COPALCHI, E. CORTICIS C., L. _Prep._ From copalchi bark (_Croton pseudo-China_), as EXTRACT OF CASCARILLA, which it for the most part resembles.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 gr.

=Extract (Fluid) of Cotton Root.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GOSSYPII RADICIS FLUIDUM (Ph. U. S.). Cotton root in very fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); macerate with glycerin, 3 fluid oz. (old measure); rectified spirit, 8 oz. (old measure); water, 5 oz. (old measure), in closed percolator for 4 days; then let the percolation commence, and finish it by adding dilute alcohol (eq. vols. of alcohol ·835 and water) until 24 oz. (old measure) have been obtained; reserve the first 14 oz., and evaporate the remaining 10 oz. (to which previously add 1 fluid oz., old measure) of glycerin to 2 fluid oz. (old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.

=Extract of Couch Grass.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF DOG'S GRASS; EXTRACTUM GRAMINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From the root of couch grass, or dog's grass (_Triticum repens_), as EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

2. From the fresh root, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.

3. (Fluid; MELLAGO GRAMINIS, EXTRACTUM GRAMINIS FLUIDUM, L.--Ph. Hann. 1831.) From the decoction of the fresh root of couch grass, evaporated to the consistence of new honey. Pectoral.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1/2 dr., or more.

=Extract of Cu'bebs.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CUBEBÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From the alcoholic tincture evaporated by a very gentle heat.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 30 gr.

2. (Mr Toller.) To the last add a little powdered Castile soap, when it begins to thicken, and evaporate to a pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 30 gr.

3. (Fluid: LIQUOR CUBEBÆ, EXTRACTUM C. FLUIDUM, L.)--_a._ Cubebs (ground in a coffee-mill), 1-1/4 lb.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; prepare a tincture, either by displacement or by digestion for a week, and reduce it, by distillation at a very gentle heat, until the whole measures exactly 1 pint. Every fl. oz. represents 2 oz. of cubebs.--_Dose_, 20 to 40 drops.

_b._ (M. Puche.) From cubebs and proof spirit, equal parts, by percolation; without subsequent evaporation. Represents its own weight in cubebs.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 fl. dr.

_c._ (Ph. U. S. 1851.) Cubebs, 1 lb. (nearly); ether, q. s.; make 1 quart of tincture; then distil off 1-1/2 pint of the ether by the heat of a water bath, and expose the residuum in a shallow vessel until the remainder of the ether has evaporated.

_d._ (Ph. U. S.) EXTRACTUM CUBEBÆ FLUIDUM. Cubebs in moderately fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); alcohol (·817), 16 oz. (old measure). Macerate in a closed percolator for 4 days, and then let the percolation commence, and finish it by adding more menstruum until 24 oz. (old measure) have been obtained; reserve the first 14 oz., evaporate the remaining 10 oz. to 2 oz., and mix this with the reserved portion.

4. (Oleo-resinous; EXTRACTUM CUBEBÆ, E. CUBEBRUM, E. C. OLEO-RESINOSUM, L.)--_a._ (M. Dublanc.) The essential oil resulting from the careful distillation of any given quantity of cubebs, is mixed with the resinous extract obtained by evaporating a tincture of the dried residuum made with rectified spirit; the whole being reduced to the consistence of a thick syrup. 1 lb. of cubebs yields about 6 oz. of this extract.

_b._ (Labelonge.) Cubebs are first exhausted with ether, and then with proof spirit, in a displacement apparatus; the alcoholic tincture is evaporated to an extract over a water bath, and when cold, the ethereal tincture is mixed with it, and the mixture abandoned to spontaneous evaporation until the ether is volatilised.

_c._ (W. Procter.) An ethereal tincture (by displacement) is poured into a large retort, and 5-6ths is drawn over by the heat of a water bath; the evaporation of the residuum, to the proper consistence, is carried on at a heat not exceeding 120° Fahr. The formula of the Ph. Baden is nearly similar. Said to represent 6 to 8 times its weight in cubebs. 1 lb. yields 2 oz. of this extract.

_d._ (Hamb. Cod. 1845.) This resembles _a_ (_above_).

_Obs._ This extract has a darkish brown colour, and tastes and smells strongly of cubebs. It is only slightly soluble in water.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 20 gr.; made into an emulsion or pills, or enclosed in a capsule. See CUBEBS.

=Extract of Cu'cumber.= See ELATERIUM.

=Extract of Cuspa''ria.= EXTRACT OF ANGOSTURA BARK; EXTRACTUM CUSPARIÆ, E. CORTICIS C., E. ANGOSTURÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From angostura bark, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L.

2. (Alcoholic.) As EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. E. Stronger than the last. Both are aromatic, bitter, tonic, and stimulant.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.; in dyspepsia, chronic diarrh[oe]a, dysentery, &c.

=Extract of Daff'odil.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM NARCISSI, L. _Prep._ 1. From the fresh flowers of daffodil or yellow narcissus (_Narcissus pseudo-narcissus_), as EXTRACT OF ANCONITE--Ph. L.

2. (Alcoholic.) From the dried flowers, as EXTRACT OF BOX. Both are pectoral and expectorant; and in large doses nauseant and emetic.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr. to 2 gr.; in hooping-cough, &c.

=Extract of Dandeli'on.= See EXTRACT OF TARAXACUM.

=Extract of Digita'lis.= See EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE.

=Extract of Dog's Grass.= See EXTRACT OF COUCH GRASS.

=Extract of Dog'wood.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CORNÛS, E. CORNI, L. _Prep._ From American or tree dogwood (_Cornus Florida_), as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA BARK.

_Obs._ In its general effects, American dogwood approaches the cinchonas, and is said to be not inferior to them in the cure of intermittents. (Bigelow.) It contains a peculiar bitter principle, called cornine. Several other varieties of the genus _Cornus_, as round-leaved dogwood (_Cornus circinata_), swamp dogwood (_Cornus sericea_), &c., are used in America, but are less valuable.

=Extracts, Dried or Powdered.= _Syn._ EXTRACTA SICCA VEL PULVERATA (Ph. Prus.). These are made by mixing 4 parts of the extract with 1 part of powder of sugar of milk, and setting the mixture in a warm place till dry.

Triturate the mass to powder, adding more of the sugar of milk if necessary, to make the weight the same as the extract used. The German Pharmacop[oe]ia directs them to be mixed with dextrin, and then dried at a temperature of 122° Fahr., and, while still warm, triturated into a uniform powder, with dextrin q. s. to make the weight of the powder equal to twice the weight of the extract employed.

=Extract of Dulcama''ra.= See EXTRACT OF BITTER SWEET.

=Extract of Elate'rium.= _Syn._ INSPISSATED JUICE OF THE SQUIRTING CUCUMBER; SUCCUS SPISSATUS MOMORDICÆ ELATERII. For preparation and recent synonyms, see ELATERIUM.

=Extract of El'der Berries.= _Syn._ ELDER ROB; ROOB SAMBUCI, EXTRACTUM SAMBUCI, E. S. NIGRÆ, E. BACCARUM S., SUCCUS SAMBUCI INSPISSATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1788.) The expressed and depurated juice of elder berries, evaporated to the consistence of honey.

2. (Ph. E. 1744.) To the above, when it begins to thicken, add 1-5th part of sugar.

3. (Ph. Bor.) As the last (nearly), but adding only 1 oz. of white sugar to each pound of the extract whilst still warm.--_Dose_, 1 to 4 dr.; in rheumatism, gout, and various skin affections.

=Extract of El'ecampane.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM INULÆ, E. RADICUM I. CAMPANÆ, E. HELENII, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1746.) From a decoction of the dried root.

2. (P. Cod.) As EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

3. (Ph. Suec 1845.) From a tincture prepared with proof spirit and water, equal parts.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.; as a diaphoretic, expectorant, and tonic; in asthma, hooping-cough, various skin diseases, &c.

=Extract of Elm.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ULMI, E. CORTICUS U., L. _Prep._ 1. From the decoction of the bark of the common elm (_Ulmus campestris_).

2. (Soubeiran.) As EXTRACT OF BOX. Astringent and alterative.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1 dr.; in secondary syphilis, chronic skin affections, &c.

=Extract of Er'got.= _Syn._ AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ERGOT, HÆMOSTATIC EXTRACT; EXTRACTUM ERGOTÆ, E. E. AQUOSUM, E. SECALIS CORNUTI, E. HÆMOSTATICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) _Extractum Ergotæ Liquidum._ Ergot in coarse powder, 16; ether, 20; distilled water, 70; rectified spirit, 8. Shake the ether in a bottle with half its bulk of the water, and, after separation, decant the ether. Place the ergot in a percolator, and free it from oil by passing the washed ether through it; remove the marc and digest it in the remainder of the water for twelve hours at 160° F. Press out the liquor, and evaporate it to 9, and when cold add the 8 of spirit; allow it to stand for an hour to coagulate, filter, and make up the quantity to 16.--_Dose_, 15 to 30 minims.

According to Squire, the amount of ether employed should be double the above, in two percolations, and the marc should be dried in the air before digesting with water. See ERGOTINE (Bonjeau's).

2. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM ERGOTÆ ALCOHOLICUM, L.) See ERGOTINE (Wigger's).

=Extract of Eucalyptus Globulus.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM EUCALYPTI GLOBULI. (Griffith.) _Prep._ Eucalyptus leaves cut at will. Distil the volatile oil with water; exhaust the residue in the still with water, prepare an extract, exhaust this with alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and, while cooling, stir in the volatile oil.--_Dose_, 2 gr. to 8 gr.

=Extract of Fern.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FILICIS 1IQUIDUM--B. P. see EXTRACT OF MALE FERN.

=Extract of Fleabane (Canadian).= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ERIGERONIS. _Prep._ 1. From Canadian fleabane, by evaporating an aqueous infusion.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.

2. (EXTRACTUM ERIGERONTIS CANADENSIS FLUIDUM--Ph. U. S.) Canadian erigeron in moderately coarse powder, 16 oz. (troy); rectified spirit, 16 oz. (old measure). Proceed as for fluid extract of cubebs (Ph. U. S.).

=Extract of Flesh.= See EXTRACT OF MEAT, ESSENCE OF BEEF, TEA (Beef), &c.

=Extract of Fox'glove.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS (Ph. E.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1836.) From the leaves of _Digitalis purpurea_, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--(Ph. L.)

2. (Ph. E.) From the filtered expressed juice, either evaporated _in vacuo_, with the aid of heat, or by exposure to a current of dry air.

3. (P. Cod.)--_a._ As EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod.

_b._ As EXTRACT OF BOX--P. Cod.

4. (Ph. Baden.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Bad.

_Obs._ The juice of foxglove is very readily injured by exposure to air and heat. The evaporation should therefore be conducted as rapidly as possible, but at a low temperature. It is narcotic, sedative, and is powerfully poisonous.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr., cautiously increased to 2 or 3 gr. It is principally given in fevers, dropsy, diseases of the heart, pulmonary consumption, epilepsy, scrofula, and asthma. This extract spoils by long keeping. The last two are stronger than the rest, and keep better. It is omitted in the present Ph. L.

=Extract of Fu'mitory.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FUMARIÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From either the infusion or decoction of the dried leaves of common fumitory (_Fumaria officinalis_).

2. (B. Cod.) From the clarified juice of the fresh herb. Slightly aperient, diaphoretic, and alterative. It has been given in obstructions of the liver and cutaneous affections of the leprous kind.

=Extract of Galls.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GALLÆ, E. GALLARUM, L. _Prep._ 1. From the infusion by maceration or displacement with cold water.

2. From the hot infusion or decoction. The first is to be preferred. Astringent. Used chiefly in ointments and injections for piles, foul ulcers, &c., and, internally, in hæmorrhages, spitting of blood, &c.

=Extract of Gen'tian.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GENTIANÆ (B. P.), L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) Gentian root (sliced), 3 lbs.; distilled water (temperate), 4 pints; macerate for 12 hours, and gently express the liquor; repeat the maceration with water, 1 quart, for 6 hours; and evaporate the mixed liquors.

2. (Ph. L. 1836.) From the ordinary infusion of the root made with 10 or 12 times its weight of boiling water, the maceration being continued for 24 hours.

3. (Ph. E.) From an infusion prepared by percolation with cold water. The formulæ of the Ph. Baden, Paris, and U. S. are similar.

4. (B. P.) Gentian, 1 lb.; water (boiling), 10; macerate for 2 hours, boil 15 minutes, strain, and evaporate to a soft pilular consistence.--_Dose_, 10 to 15 gr.

5. (Ph. D. 1826.) From the decoction.

_Obs._ On the large scale, this extract is almost universally prepared by exhausting the root by coction with water, as in the last formula. When well prepared it is one of the smoothest and brightest extracts of the Pharmacop[oe]ia. Good gentian root yields by infusion in hot water fully 50%, and by decoction about 60% of extract.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 30 gr., two or three times daily, as a stomachic bitter and tonic; either alone or combined with rhubarb, ginger, or aloes. It is, however, more especially used as a vehicle for chalybeates and other metallic preparations. The principal consumption of extract of gentian is by the brewers, in lieu of hops.

6. (HARD E. OF G.; E. D. DURUM, L.) The last dried by a gentle heat until brittle enough to powder.

=Extract (Fluid) of Ginger.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ZINGIBERIS FLUIDUM. (Ph. U. S.) As fluid extract of cubebs, but using rectified spirit.

=Extract (Fluid) of Golden Seal.= _Syn._ (Ph. U. S.) EXTRACTUM HYDRASTIS FLUIDUM. _Prep._ Hydrastis (Golden Seal) in very fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); macerate with 2 oz. (old measure) of glycerine; rectified spirit, 14 oz. (old measure), in closed percolator for 4 days; then let the percolation commence, and finish it by adding a mixture consisting of 2 parts of spirit and 1 of water, until 24 oz. (old measure) have been obtained. Remove the first 14 oz.; evaporate the remaining 10 oz. to 2 oz. (old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.

=Extract, Goulard's.= See SOLUTION OF SUBACETATE OF LEAD.

=Extract of Guaiac'um.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GUAIACI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L. 1746.) From lignum vitæ shavings or sawdust, exhausted by coction with water; as soon as the mass becomes thick, 1-8th of rectified spirit is to be added.

2. As the last, omitting the spirit. Diaphoretic, diuretic, and alterative; in dropsy, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, &c.

=Extract of Guarana'.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GUARANÆ, E. PAULLINIÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Gavrelle.) From tincture of guarana (seeds of _Paullinia sorbilis_), prepared by coction with proof spirit. Tonic and alterative.--_Dose_, 2 to 5 gr., twice or thrice daily.

=Extract, Hæmostat'ic.= See EXTRACT OF ERGOT.

=Extract of Hedge Hyssop.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM GRATIOLÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Bor.) From the herb (_Gratiola officinalis_), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Bor.

2. (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Baden.

3. (Vinous.) As VINOUS EXTRACT OF CINCHONA. Purgative, diuretic, and vermifuge.--_Dose_, 2 to 5 gr., gradually increased, watching its effects; in dropsy, jaundice, gout, &c. It has been said to be the basis of the celebrated 'EAU MÉDICINALE D'HUSSON,'

=Extract of Hel'lebore.= The extracts prepared from three different plants may be included under this head:--

1. (EXTRACT OF BLACK HELLEBORE; EXTRACTUM HELLEBORI, E. H. NIGRI, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L., 1788.) From the infusion or decoction of black hellebore (_Helleborus officinalis_).--_Dose_, 5 to 12 gr.

_b._ (Alcoholic--P. Cod. & Ph. U. S.) As EXTRACT OF BOX (nearly). That of the Ph. Bad. is similar.--_Dose_, 3 to 8 gr.

_c._ (Vino-alcoholic--Cottereau.) Powdered black hellebore, 2 lbs.; salt of tartar, 1/2 lb.; dilute alcohol (sp. gr. ·935), 7 pints; digest 12 hours, and express the tincture; add to the marc, white wine, 7 pints; digest for 24 hours, express, mix the tincture, filter, and evaporate.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.

_Obs._ When prepared by coction with water till exhausted of soluble matter, black hellebore root yields about 40% of extract. In small doses it is alterative, purgative, and resolvent; in larger ones, it is a drastic, hydragogue cathartic, and emmenagogue, dangerous unless combined and its effects carefully watched.

2. (EXTRACT OF GREEN HELLEBORE, E. OF AMERICAN H., E. OF ITCH-WOOD; EXTRACTUM VERATRI VIRIDIS, L.) From the fresh root (rhizome) of the green hellebore (_Veratrum viride_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 1/6 to 1/2 gr. Used in America in the same cases as white hellebore.

3. (EXTRACT OF WHITE HELLEBORE; EXTRACTUM VERATRI, E. HELLEBORI ALBI, L.) From the root (rhizome) of the white hellebore (_Veratrum album_), as EXTRACT OF BLACK HELLEBORE.--_Dose_, 1/12 gr. to 1/4 gr. Emetic, purgative, stimulant, and highly acrid. In gout, rheumatism, and nervous affections, mania, &c. See VERATRINE.

=Extract of Hem'lock.= _Syn._ INSPISSATED JUICE OF HEMLOCK; EXTRACTUM CONII (B. P.), SUCCUS SPISSATUS CONII, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) The inspissated juice of the fresh plant, prepared as directed for EXTRACTUM BELLADONNÆ.--_Dose_, 4 to 6 gr.

2. (Ph. L.) From the fresh plant (_Conium maculatum_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--Ph. L.

3. (Ph. E.) As EXTRACT OF FOXGLOVE--Ph. E.

4. (Ph. D.) As EXTRACT OF BELLADONNA--Ph. D.

_Obs._ Of all the inspissated juices (not even excepting that of aconite), this is the one most readily injured by exposure to the air and heat, and which soonest loses its qualities by age. Its active principle is CONINE. Extract of hemlock has a greenish colour, and a strong odour of the fresh-bruised plant. It is "of good quality only when a very strong odour of conia (a 'mouse-odour') is disengaged by degrees, on its being carefully triturated with liquor of potassa." (Ph. E.) "The extracts of hemlock may become feeble, if not inert, in one of two ways,--either by the heat being continued after the concentration has been carried to a certain extent, or by long keeping. On the one hand, I have always observed that from the point at which the extract attains the consistence of thin syrup, ammonia begins to be given off in abundance, together with a modified odour of conine; and, on the other hand, I have found extracts which were unquestionably well prepared at first, entirely destitute of conine in a few years." (Christison.) "The most active extract is that which is procured by moderate pressure from the leaves only." (Brande.) "The extract of the Ph. D., being freed from the inert albumen and chlorophyll, contains most of the active principle, and is nearly soluble in water." (Royle.) On the large scale, the whole of the green portion of the plant is pressed for juice. 1 cwt. of hemlock yields from 3 to 5 lbs. of extract.--_Dose_, 2 gr., gradually increased to 5 gr., or more, until some obvious effect is produced; as an anodyne, alterative, and resolvent in various obstinate disorders, as glandular and visceral enlargements, foul and painful ulcers, scrofula, cancer, neuralgia, rheumatism, troublesome coughs, &c.

5. (Alcoholic; EXTRACTUM CONII ALCOHOLICUM, L.)--_a._ (Ph. Baden.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Baden.

_b._ (P. Cod.) As the last, but using proof spirit.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 2 gr.

6. (Dried; EXTRACTUM CONII SICCUM, L.)--_a._ As the DRIED EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod.

_b._ (Archer.) By drying the extract of the Dublin College with a continuous current of warm air.

7. (EXTRACTUM CONII SEMINIS ALCOHOLICUM.) (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Hemlock seeds in coarse powder, 1 lb; percolate with proof spirit until exhausted. Distil off most of the spirit, and evaporate residue in a water bath to pilular consistence.

=Extract of Hemp.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF AMERICAN HEMP; EXTRACTUM APOCYNI, E. A. CANNABINI, L. _Prep._ From the root of the _Apocynum cannabinum_, as EXTRACT OF GENTIAN. A hydragogue cathartic.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.; in dropsy, &c. The plant from which this extract is prepared is called 'Indian HEMP' in the United States of America, a practice which should be avoided, as this name is now almost exclusively appropriated to _Cannabis Indica_, a variety of the common hemp (_Cannabis sativa_, var. _Indica_) growing in India. See EXTRACT OF INDIAN HEMP.

=Extract of Hen'bane.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF HYOSCYAMUS; EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI (B. P.), SUCCUS SPISSATUS HYOSCYAMI, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. L.) From the fresh leaves and leafstems of common henbane (_Hyoscyamus niger_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.