Part 152

=Essence of Lemon Peel.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF LEMON RIND, QUINTESCENCE OF L. P.; ESSENTIA CORTICIS LIMONIS, L. _Prep._ 1. Yellow peel of fresh lemons, 1/2 lb.; spirit of wine, 1 pint; digest for a week, press, and filter. Very fragrant.

2. Yellow peel of fresh lemons, 1 lb.; boiling water, 1/2 gall.; infuse 1 hour, express the liquor, boil down to 1/2 pint, cool, and add oil of lemon, 1/4 oz., dissolved in spirit of wine, 1-1/2 pint; mix, and filter. Used as the preceding.

=Essence of Lov'age.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA LEVISTICI, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Wurt.) Lovage root (_levisticum officinale_), 2 oz.; lovage seeds, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 10 oz.; digest a week, and filter. Aromatic, stomachic, and diaphoretic.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 1 dr.; in dyspepsia, dropsies, &c.

=Essence, Madden's.= Concentrated infusion of roses.

=Essence of Malt.= See COLOURING.

=Essence of Mint.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF SPEARMINT; ESSENTIA MENTHÆ, E. M. SPICATÆ, E. M. VIRIDIS, L. _Prep._ As ESSENCE OF PEPPERMINT.

=Essence of Moss-Rose= (from the 'Chemist and Druggist'). Otto of rose, 1-1/2 dr.; essence of ambergris, 2-1/2 oz.; essence of musk, 1 oz.; alcohol, 15 oz.; concentrated rose water, 10 oz. Mix, and shake frequently for a week.

=Essence of Musk.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA MOSCHI, TINCTURA M. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Grain musk, 2 oz., and boiling water, 1 pint, are digested together in a close vessel until cold, when rectified spirit of wine, 7 pints, is added; the vessel (preferably a tin bottle) being corked close, and tied over with bladder, the whole is digested, with frequent agitation, for 2 months, in the sunshine (in summer), or in an equally warm situation in winter. At the end of the time the essence is decanted and filtered.

2. Grain musk, 1/4 oz.; rectified spirit of wine, 2 pints; essence of ambergris, 1 fl. oz.; digest as before.

3. Musk (from the bladder, rubbed very small), 5 oz.; civet, 1 oz.; essence of ambergris, 1 pint; spirit of ambrette, 1 gall.; as before.

_Obs._ All the preceding formulæ yield superior essences, but the product of the last is of the very finest quality, and such as is seldom sold, except by the most celebrated houses, when it fetches a very high price. It is powerfully and deliciously odorous, and has received the approval of royalty itself, both in these kingdoms and on the Continent. The second formula also produces a very fine article, but less choice than just referred to. The digestion should be long continued, and on no account less than 3 weeks, as otherwise much fragrant matter is left undissolved. The addition of 1 fl. dr. of either liquor of ammonia or liquor of potassia (the first is best) to each pint of the essence, vastly increases its fragrance. The essence of musk of the wholesale London druggists is generally made by merely digesting the freshly emptied musk pods in rectified spirit. Sometimes a little (a very little) grain musk is added. See ESSENCE ROYALE and ESSENCE OF AMBERGRIS.

4. (Guibourt.) Musk, 1 part; proof spirit, 12 parts; digest a fortnight, or longer. Used in dispensing, &c.

=Essence of Musk Seed.= See ESSENCE D'AMBRETTE.

=Essence of Mus'tard.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA SINAPIS, L. _Prep._ (Whitehead's.) Black mustard seed (bruised), and camphor, of each 2 oz.; oil of rosemary, 3 dr.; balsam of tolu, 1 dr.; annatto, 1/2 dr.; digest a week, and filter.

=Essence of Myr'tle.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF MYRTLE BLOSSOMS; ESSENCE DE MYRTE, ESPRIT DE M., Fr. _Prep._ Myrtle tops (in blossom), 2-1/2 lbs.; proof spirit, 9 pints; digest 3 days, then distil 1 gall. A pleasant perfume. See OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Nero'li.= _Syn._ ESSENCE DE FLEURS D'ORANGES, ESPRIT DE F. D'O., Fr. _Prep._ 1. Neroli, 3 dr.; rectified spirit of wine, 1 pint; mix. A delicious perfume.

2. Oil of orange, 2 dr.; orris root (bruised), 1/2 oz.; ambergris, 10 gr.; neroli, 35 drops; spirits of wine, 1 pint; digest 14 days, and filter. Very fragrant, but less 'chaste' than the last.

=Essence of Nut'meg.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA MYRISTICÆ, E. M. MOSCHATÆ, E. NUCIS M., L. _Prep._ From essential oil of nutmeg, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE. Used as a flavouring or zest by cooks, liqueuristes, and confectioners.

=Essence, Odontal'gic.= See ESSENCE, TOOTHACHE.

=Essence d'[OE]illets.= [Fr.] _Prep._ From cinnamon, 3 oz.; cloves, 1-1/4 oz. (both well bruised); rectified spirit, 1 quart; digest for a week. Oil of cloves and spirit of cloves also bear this name in some places.

=Essence of O'pium.= See ESSENCE ANODYNE, No. 1. BLACK DROP and ROUSSEAU'S LAUDANUM have also been sometimes so called.

=Essence of O'range.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA AURANTII, L. _Prep._ As ESSENCE OF LEMON.

=Essence of Orange Peel.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CORTICIS AURANTII, L. _Prep._ 1. (Golden.) Fresh yellow rind of orange, 4 oz.; rectified spirit and water, of each 1/2 pint; digest for a week, press, filter, and add of sherry wine, 1 quart. A pleasant liqueur.

2. (Saccharated.) See OLEO-SACCHARUM.

=Essence d'Orient.= [Fr.] A pearly-looking substance, found at the base of the scales of the blay or bleak, a small fish of the genus _cyprinus_.

_Prep._ The scales are scraped from the fish into a tub containing water, and after agitation and repose the fluid is poured off, and its place supplied with fresh water, and this in its turn, after agitation and repose, is also poured off. This part of the operation is repeated till the 'essence' and scales are perfectly freed from impurities, when the whole is thrown on a sieve, which retains the latter, but allows the former to flow through. After repose for a short time, the essence is obtained as a deposit at the bottom of the vessel.

_Obs._ Essence d'Orient has a bluish-white and pearly aspect, and is employed to cover the interior of glass bubbles and beads, in imitation of pearls and mother-of-pearl. Its tendency to putrefaction, while in the moist state, may be obviated by the addition of a little liquor of ammonia.

=Essence of Patch'ouli.= _Syn._ ESSENCE DE PATCHOULIE, ESPRIT DE POUCHÂ PÂT [Fr.]. _Prep._ 1. Indian patchouli (leaves or foliaceous tops), 2-1/2 lb.; rectified spirit, 9 pints; digest for a week; add of water, 1 gall.; oil of lavender (Mitcham), 3 dr.; common salt, 2 lbs.; agitate well together, distil over (rapidly) 1 gallon, and add of essence of musk, 3-1/2 fl. dr. A very fashionable perfume. Essence of patchouli, thus prepared, has been largely used, both at court and by the nobility generally.

2. Patchouli, 3 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest a week, press, and filter. A still commoner kind is made with proof spirit.

=Essence of Pear.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF JARGONELLE.

=Essence of Pen'nyroyal.= See ESSENTIA PULEGII, E. MENTHÆ P., L. _Prep._ From pennyroyal (_Mentha pulegium_), as ESSENCE OF PEPPERMINT. Stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue. Used in dispensing, especially to make extemporaneous pennyroyal water.

=Essence of Pep'permint.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA MENTHÆ PIPERITÆ (B. P.) L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Oil of peppermint, 1 part; rectified spirit, 4 parts. Mix.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 minims.

2. To the last add of herb peppermint, parsley leaves, or spinach leaves (preferably one of the first two), 1/2 oz., and digest for a week, or until sufficiently coloured. Sap green (10 or 12 gr., rubbed up with a teaspoonful of hot water) is also used for the same purpose. A delicate light green.

3. (Ph. U. S.) Oil of peppermint, 2 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 16 fl. oz.

_Obs._ Essence of peppermint is not conceived to be good by the ignorant unless it has a pale-greenish tint, which they take as a proof of its being genuine. The most harmless way of tinging it is that indicated above. A little green mint or parsley will, indeed, be found to improve the flavour. These additions are quite harmless. The practice of using cupreous salts, adopted by some lazy and unprincipled makers, is unpardonable, and admits of no excuse, even a lame one, as not the least advantage, either of convenience, cost, or appearance, results from such a practice, while the colouring matter, though small in quantity, is nevertheless sufficient to impart a noxious quality to the liquid. This fraud may be detected by the addition of liquor of ammonia in excess, which will strike a bluish or greenish-blue colour when copper is present.

Essence of peppermint (like that of most of the other aromatic oils) is cordial, stimulant, and stomachic. A few drops (10 to 30) on sugar, or mixed with a little water or wine, is an excellent remedy in flatulence, colic, nausea, sickness, &c. It is also extensively used as a flavouring ingredient by cooks, confectioners, and druggists. A few drops, well agitated with half a pint of cold water, form an excellent extemporaneous peppermint water.

The formulæ 1 and 2, generally the latter, are those employed by the respectable portion of the London trade. The various published receipts for this and similar essences, ordering the essential oil in a larger proportion than that directed above, are never adopted in practice, and their products (often impossible combinations) exist only in the imaginations of the writers.

=Essence of Pimen'to.= See ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE.

=Essence of Pine-apple.= From pine-apple oil (butyric ether, butyrate of ethyl), as ESSENCE OF ALMONDS. It forms a delicious flavouring for liqueurs, confectionery, rum, &c. See ETHER and OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Quas'sia.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA QUASSIÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From quassia (sliced), 1-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; digest 10 days, and filter; 1/2 fl. dr. added to 7-1/2 fl. dr. of water, forms the infusion of quassia, of the Ph. L.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. in water or wine, an hour before a meal, as a stomachic tonic, in dyspepsia, loss of appetite, &c., particularly when complicated with gout; 1 to 2 dr., three or four times daily, as a febrifuge, and antiseptic, in intermittents, putrid fevers, &c.

2. (Brewer's).--_a._ From powdered quassia (sprinkled with a little rum) and "foots" (coarse moist sugar or sugar bottoms), equal parts, reduced to the consistence of a semi-fluid extract by the addition of a few spoonfuls of water. For ale.

_b._ From powdered quassia, 1 part; burnt sugar colouring, 2 parts; well stirred together. For porter and stout. Both are used by fraudulent brewers as substitutes for hops.

=Essence of Quin'ine.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA QUINÆ, L. _Prep._ From disulphate of quinine, 1-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1/2 pint; digest with warmth, gradually dropping in a little dilute sulphuric acid (avoiding excess), and employing constant agitation until the whole is dissolved. 1 fl. dr., added to 7 dr. of proof spirit, forms the 'TINCTURE OF QUININE' (Ph. L.). Every fl. dr. contains 8 gr. of disulphate of quinine, or about 10 gr. of the neutral sulphate. If more sulphuric acid is added than is sufficient to dissolve the salt (_i. e._ convert it into a neutral sulphate), the solution is apt to deposit part of it on keeping, owing to the gradual formation of ether, by the action of the excess of acid on the alcohol.

=Essence of Rat'afia.= The same as Essence of Almonds. So called from being used to flavour ratafias, noyeau, and other liqueurs.

=Essence of Rhu'barb.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA RHEI, L. _Prep._ From rhubarb (in powder) and siliceous sand, of each 5 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; by the method of displacement. Every fl. oz. represents the active virtues of 2 dr. of rhubarb.

=Essence of Rondele'tia.= _Prep._ 1. Essence (oil) of bergamotte, essence (oil) of lemon, and oil of cloves, of each 1 dr.; otto of roses, 10 drops; rectified spirit, 1 pint.

2. To the last add, of oil of lavender, 1 dr.; neroli, 15 drops. A very fashionable and agreeable perfume.

=Essence of Rose'mary.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ROSEMARINI, L. _Prep._ From oil of rosemary, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE. Used as a perfume; also to make extemporaneous rosemary water.

=Essence of Ro'ses.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ROSÆ (ODORATA), L. _Prep._ 1. Attar of roses (genuine), 2 dr.; alcohol, 1 pint; agitate frequently until they unite.

2. Attar of roses, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; mix in a close vessel, and assist the solution by placing it in a bath of hot water. (See ESSENCE OF MUSK.) As soon as the spirit gets warm, take it from the water and shake it till quite cold; the next day filter.--_Obs._ Unless the spirit of wine is of more than the common strength, it will not retain the whole of the otto in solution in very cold weather.

3. To each pint of either of the preceding, add, of oil of bergamotte, 30 drops; neroli and essence of musk, of each 20 drops.

4. Petals of roses, 3 lbs., digest in spirit of wine, 5 quarts, for 24 hours; distil to dryness in a water bath; digest the distilled spirit on 2 lbs. of fresh rose petals, as before, and repeat the whole process of maceration and distillation, a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth time, or oftener, the last time only drawing over 1 gall., which is the essence. Each of the above is very superior. The last has a peculiar delicacy of flavour, when the spirit used to make it is pure.

=Essence of Roses (Red).= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ROSÆ (RUBRA), TINCTURA E. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ From rose leaves, 1 lb.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; digest for 14 days, press, strain, add concentrated acetic acid, 2-1/2 fl. dr.; mix well, and the next day filter. Used to make extemporaneous SYRUP and HONEY OF ROSES, &c. Smells, colours, and tastes strongly of the flower. CONCENTRATED INFUSION OF ROSES is sold under the same name.

=Essence Royale.= [Fr.] _Prep._ 1. (Soubeiran.) Ambergris, 40 gr.; musk, 20 gr.; civet and carbonate of potassa, of each 10 gr.; oil of cinnamon, 6 drops; oil of rhodium and otto of roses, of each 4 drops; rectified spirit of wine, 4 fl. oz. (say 1/4 pint); macerate for 10 days or longer. Antispasmodic and aphrodisiac. A few drops on sugar, or in syrup of capillaire.

2. See ESSENCE OF AMBERGRIS.

=Essence of Sarsaparil'la.= _Syn._ CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF SARSAPARILLA; ESSENTIA SARSÆ; E. SARSAPARILLÆ; L. _Prep._ 1. Sarsaparilla root (best red Jamaica), 2-3/4 lbs., is carefully decorticated, the bark reduced to coarse powder, and digested for a week or 10 days in sherry, 3/4 pint, and rectified spirit, 1/4 pint, with frequent agitation; after which the essence is expressed, and in a week the clear portion is decanted from the sediment. A very elegant preparation. 1/2 fl. dr. added to 7 fl. dr. of water forms 1 fl. oz. of a solution of equal strength to decoction of sarsaparilla of the Ph. L. Every fl. oz. represents the active principles of 2 oz. (= 2 oz. 85 gr. avoir.) of sarsaparilla root. In other words, it is twice as strong as the root, and 16 times as strong as the decoction.

2. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla, 7 oz.; sherry, 3/4 pint; rectified spirit, 1/4 pint; dissolve and filter. Strength as the last.

3. (Beral.) Alcohol extract, 4 oz.; sherry wine, 1 pint; dissolve and filter. About 3 fl. dr., added to water, 1 pint, form an extemporaneous decoction.

4. (Guibourt.) Alcoholic extract, 4 oz.; white wine, 1 lb. Strength the same as Nos. 1 and 2 (nearly).

5. (Hening.) Sarsaparilla (bruised), 10 oz.; distilled water, 6 pints; macerate at a temperature of 120° Fahr. for six hours and strain; repeat with the same quantity of fresh water; mix the liquors, and evaporate in china vessels at 160° Fahr. If reduced to 10 fl. oz. (or to 9 fl. oz., with 1 fl. oz. of rectified spirit added), 1 fl. dr., mixed with 7 fl. dr. of water, will be equal to the decoction of the usual strength. If reduced to 5 fl. oz. 1 fl. dr. will be equal to 2 fl. oz. of the decoction.

6. The bark separated from sarsaparilla root, 2-3/4 lbs., is exhausted with water as last; the liquid is evaporated as quickly as possible, in a water bath, to 16 fl. oz., and when cold, mixed with rectified spirit, 4 fl. oz. Strength same as No. 1.

7. The infusion in No. 6 is evaporated to 10-1/2 fl. oz., and when cold mixed with sherry, 1/2 pint; in a week the clear portion is decanted from the sediment. Strength same as No. 1.

_Obs._ The formulæ Nos. 1, 2, 6, and 7 have each in turn been extensively employed by us in the laboratory with the most satisfactory results. See LIQUOR OF SARSAPARILLA.

=Essence of Sarsaparilla (Compound).= _Syn._ ESSENTIA SARSAPARILLÆ COMPOSITA, E. SARSÆ C., L. _Prep._ 1. One pint of No. 1, 2, 6, or 7 (_above_), is triturated with the extract prepared from mezereon bark, 3-1/4 oz., and extract of liquorice, 4 oz.; when mixed it is returned to the bottle, and essence of guaiacum, 1-1/2 fl. dr., and oil of sassafras, 20 drops, are added, the whole is then well agitated for at least 15 minutes, and after a week's repose the clear portion is decanted as before. 1/2 fl. dr., with 7-1/2 fl. dr. of water, forms extemporaneous compound decoction of sarsaparilla.

2. (Cadet.) Sarsaparilla (bruised), 8 oz.; hot water, q. s.; exhaust the root by successive macerations; unite the liquors, and evaporate to 10 fl. oz.; strain, and add, when cold, of alcohol (·842) and tinctures of guaiacum and mezereon, of each 4 fl. dr.; white wine, 1 fl. oz.; oil of sassafras, 12 drops; extract of liquorice, 2 dr.; agitate, and after repose decant as before. This is nearly 8 times as strong as 'DEC. SARSÆ CO.'--Ph. L. The first is the best formula. See LIQUOR OF SARSAPARILLA (Compound).

=Essence of Sa''vory Spices.= _Prep._ 1. Black pepper, 4 oz.; powdered turmeric, 3 dr.; coriander seeds, 1-1/2 dr. (all ground and genuine); oil of pimento, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; oils of nutmeg, cloves, cassia and caraway, of each 1/2 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest, with agitation, for a fortnight. Very fine.

2. Black pepper, 3 oz.; allspice, 1-1/4 oz.; nutmegs and burnt sugar, of each 1/2 oz.; cloves, cassia, coriander, and caraway seeds, of each 1 dr. (all bruised or ground); rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest with agitation, as before, for 14 days, press, and filter. Used as a flavouring. When made with proof spirit or brandy, and only 1/2 the above weight of spice, it is called 'TINCTURE OF SAVORY SPICES,'

=Essence of Sen'na.= See LIQUOR and INFUSION (Concentrated).

=Essence of Smoke.= See ESSENCE, WESTPHALIAN.

=Essence of Soap.= _Syn._ SPIRIT OF SOAP, SHAVING FLUID; ESPRIT DE SAVON, ESSENCE DE SAVON, ESSENCE ROYALE POUR FAIRE LA BARBE, Fr.; ESSENTIA SAPONIS, TINCTURA SAPONIS CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Castile soap (in shavings), 4 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; dissolve, and add a little perfume.

2. Venetian soap, 3/4 lb.; salt of tartar, 1 oz.; benzoin, 1/2 oz.; spirit of wine, 1 gall.

3. Best soft soap, 1/4 lb.; boiling water, 1 pint; dissolve, cool, and add, oils of cinnamon (cassia), verbena, and neroli, of each 6 drops; dissolved in rectified spirit, 1 pint; mix well, and if not perfectly transparent, add a little more strong spirit, or filter through blotting paper.

_Obs._ This alcoholic solution of soap is chiefly used for shaving, and is very convenient in travelling, as a good lather may be instantly produced without the trouble of employing a soap-box. Instead of the above perfumes, 15 drops of essence of musk or ambergris, or 30 drops of any of the perfumed spirits, or 3 drops of attar of roses, or 6 drops of any of the aromatic essential oils, may be added, when a corresponding name is given to the preparation, as esprit de savon, de la rose, &c.

4. (P. Cod.) White soap, 3 oz.; carbonate of potassa, 1 dr.; proof spirit, 12 oz.; dissolve. Used medicinally. They are all used as frictions, &c.

5. (CAMPHORATED,--Guibourt.) White soap, 3 parts; camphor, 1 part; spirit of rosemary, 16 parts; dissolve. A variety of opodeldoc. Used as an embrocation in rheumatic pains, sore throat, &c.

=Essence of Soup Herbs.= _Syn._ SPIRIT OF SOUP HERBS, CONC. TINCTURE OF S. H., &c. _Prep._ (Kitchener's.) Lemon thyme, winter savory, sweet marjoram, and sweet bazil, of each 1 oz.; lemon peel (grated), and eschalots, of each 1/2 oz.; bruised celery seed, 1/4 oz.; proof spirit or brandy, 1 pint; digest for 10 days or a fortnight. A superior flavouring essence for soups, gravies, &c. See ESSENCE OF SAVOURY SPICES.

=Essence of Spear'mint.= See ESSENCE OF MINT.

=Essence of Sprats.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF BRITISH ANCHOVIES. From pickled sprats (British anchovies), as ESSENCE OF ANCHOVIES, for which it is commonly sold.

=Essence of Spruce.= _Syn._ FLUID EXTRACT OF SPRUCE; ESSENTIA ABIETIS, EXTRACTUM A. FLUIDUM, L. _Prep._ A decoction of the young tops of the black spruce-fir _Abies nigra_, evaporated to the consistence of a thick syrup. Used to make spruce beer, &c.

=Essence, Toothache.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ODONTALGIA, L. _Prep._ 1. Acetate of morphia, 1/2 dr.; tincture of pellitory of Spain (made with rectified spirit), 2 fl. oz.; acetic acid (glacial), 4 fl. dr.; dissolve, and add of oil of cloves, 6 fl. dr.

2. (Redwood.) Pellitory, 1/2 lb.; extract of belladonna, 2 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest 14 days, strain, and add, of hyponitrous ether, 1 oz.; oil of wine, 1/2 oz.; oil of cloves, 2 dr. See DROPS (Odontalgic).

=Essence of Tu''berose.= _Prep._ The flowers are stratified with sheep's or cotton wool, impregnated with the purest oil of ben or of olives, in an earthen vessel, closely covered, and kept for 12 hours in a water bath; the flowers are then removed, and fresh ones substituted, and this is repeated until the oil (HUILE AU TUBEROSE) is sufficiently scented. The wool or cotton is then mixed with the purest spirit of wine, and distilled in a water bath; or it is first digested in a warm situation, and in a well-closed vessel, for several days, during the whole of which time frequent agitation is had recourse to. A similar plan is followed for the preparation of essences of jasmine, violets, and other like flowers. See SPIRIT.

=Essence of Turtle.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF GREEN TURTLE. _Prep._ From essence of anchovies and shallot wine, of each 3 oz.; basil wine, 1/2 pint; mushroom ketchup, 1/4 pint; the juice of 2 lemons; the yellow peel of 1 lemon; curry powder, 1/4 oz.; digest for a week. Used to impart the flavour of turtle to soups and gravies.

=Essence of Tyre.= See HAIR DYE.

=Essence of Vanil'la.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA VANILLÆ, TINCTURE V. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Vanilla (cut small), 2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint, digest a fortnight.

2. (Wholesale.) Vanilla, 2 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; proceed as for ESSENCE OF MUSK. Very superior.

3. Vanilla (best), 3/4 lb.; spirit of ambrette, 1 quart; cloves, 30 gr.; grain musk, 7 gr.; as last. Much esteemed. It is chiefly used as a perfume and for flavouring.

=Essence of Verbe'na.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF LEMON-GRASS, E. OF CITRONELLE; ESSENTIA VERBENÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. From oil of lemon-grass or verbena (_Andropogon citratum_), as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE.

2. To the last add, of essences of ambergris and bergamotte (oil), of each 1 fl. dr.; neroli, 1/2 fl. dr.

3. To No. 1. add, of oils of lavender and bergamotte, of each 1/2 dr.; essence of vanilla, 2 fl. dr. A powerful and refreshing perfume.

=Essence of Vio'let.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA VIOLÆ, L.; ESSENCES DES VIOLETTES, Fr. See ESSENCE OF TUBEROSE and SPIRIT.

=Essence of Vittie Vayr.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF VETIVER; ESSENCE DE VITTIE VAYR DOUBLE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. Vittie vayr or cuscus (the root of _Andropogon muricatus_, cut small and bruised), 3 lbs.; proof spirit, 9 pints; digest a week, add of water, 5 pints, and the next day distil over 1 gall. of essence.

2. To the last, before distillation, add, of otto of roses, 1/2 dr.; eau de melisse (spirit of balm), 1/2 pint; and proceed as before. Used as a perfume. In 1831 it was much employed in Paris as a prophylactic of cholera.

=Essence, Volatile (Acetic).= _Syn._ PUNGENT ACETIC ESSENCE; ESSENTIA VOLATILIS ACETICA, L. Aromatic vinegar.