Part 151

=Essence of Ani'seed.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ANISI (B. P.), L.; ESPRIT D'ANISE, Fr. Oil of anise, 1 part; rectified spirit, 4 parts; mix (B. P.). Stimulant, aromatic, and carminative.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 minims. Used also to flavour liqueurs, and to make aniseed water. See SPIRIT.

=Essence of An'odyne.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ANODYNA, L. _Prep._ 1. Hard aqueous extract of opium (in powder), 1 dr.; powdered cinnamon, 1/2 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 fl. oz.; digest a week.--_Dose_, 5 to 20 drops.

2. Extract of henbane (recent), 5 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 fl. oz.; as last.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops. Narcotic, sedative, and antispasmodic. Both are excellent preparations.

=Essence, Antihyster'ic.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ANTIHYSTERICA, L. _Prep._ 1. Cyanuret of potassium, 3 gr.; powdered sugar, 1 dr.; rectified spirit and eau d'orange, of each 4 fl. dr.; agitate together until dissolved.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 drops, in pure water; in hysteria, gastrodynia, &c. See DRAUGHT (Antihysteric).

2. (P. Cod.) Resembles FETID SPIRIT OF AMMONIA (which _see_).

=Essence of Ap'ple.= _Syn._ SOLUTION OF VALERIANATE OF AMYL; ESSENTIA POMI ODORATA, L. _Prep._ From apple oil (valerianate of oxide of amyl), as ESSENCE OF ALMONDS. Used to flavour liqueurs and confectionery.

=Essence of Ar'nica.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ARNICÆ, E. A. FLORUM, TINCTURA A. E. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Baden, 1841.) From arnica flowers, ESSENCE OF ACONITE. It represents half its weight of herb.

=Essence, Aromat'ic.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA AROMATICA, L. _Prep._ From hay saffron, dr.; and rectified spirit, 6 fl. dr.; digested together; to the filtered tincture is added oil of cinnamon and powdered white sugar, of each 1 dr.; ether (rect.), 2 fl. dr.; oil of nutmeg and essence of ginger, of each 1/2 dr.; after agitation and a few days' repose, the clear portion is decanted into a stoppered phial.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 drops, on sugar or in a glass of wine or weak spirit; in cholera, diarrh[oe]a, spasms, &c.

=Essence of Bark.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CINCHONÆ, E. CORTICIS C., L. _Prep._ 1. Resinous extract of yellow bark, 4 dr.; rectified spirit, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; tincture of orange peel, 1/2 fl. oz.; acetic acid (Ph. L.), 1 fl. dr.; digest a week.

2. Disulphate of quinine, 1/2 dr.; resinous extract of bark, 2 dr.; rectified spirit, 2 fl. oz.; as before.--_Dose_, 12 drops to a teaspoonful; as a febrifuge and tonic.

=Essence of Beef.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF RED MEATS, &c. _Prep._ 1. From lean beef (chopped small), 1 lb.; water, 1/2 pint; place them in a bottle, which they will only half fill, and agitate them violently for half an hour; then throw the whole on a sieve, and receive the liquid in a jug; next boil the undissolved portion in water, 1 pint, for 20 minutes; strain, mix the decoction with the cold infusion, evaporate the liquid to the consistence of a thin syrup, adding spice, salt, &c., to taste, and pour the essence, whilst boiling hot, into bottles, jars, or (still better) tin cans, which must then be at once hermetically corked, sealed, or soldered up, and stowed away in a cold place. In this state it will keep a long time. (Brande's.)

2. (Ellis.) Take of lean beef (sliced), a sufficient quantity to fill the body of a porter bottle; cork it up loosely, and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck, by means of a string, to the handle of the pot; boil for 1-1/2 to 2 hours, then decant the liquid and skim it. Spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c., may be added as before. Highly nutritious and sustaining.

=Essence of Ber'gamot.= See OIL (Volatile).

=Essence, Bit'ter.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA AMARA, L. _Prep._ (Ph. Den.) Wormwood, 4 parts; gentian root, bitter orange peel, and blessed thistle, of each 1 part; rectified spirit, 45 parts; digest a week. Tonic and stomachic.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr.

=Essence of Calum'ba.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CALUMBÆ, L. See INFUSION OF CALUMBA.

=Essence of Cam'phor.= _Syn._ CAMPHOR DROPS, LIQUOR OF CAMPHOR, CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF C., CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF C., CONC. CAMPHOR JULEP; ESSENTIA CAMPHORÆ, LIQUOR C., L. C. CONCENTRATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. Camphor (clean), 4-1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; dissolve. This forms the 'ESSENCE OF CAMPHOR' and 'LIQUOR CAMPHORÆ' of the wholesale houses. About 1/2 fl. dr., added to 7-1/2 fl. dr. of cold distilled water, forms (by agitation) a transparent aqueous solution of camphor, fully equal in strength to the filtered 'MISTURA CAMPHORÆ' (camphor julep) of the Ph. L. The above made with weaker spirit forms the 'spirit of wine and camphor' of the shops.

2. Camphor, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 10 oz. (by weight); dissolve. This forms the 'CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF CAMPHOR' of the wholesale druggists. 10 or 12 drops, added to 1 fl. oz. of pure cold water, make a transparent camphor julep, as before. There is a large quantity of these solutions of camphor sold by the London houses, who charge a considerable price for them. They are very convenient for preparing extemporaneous camphor julep or camphor mixture in dispensing.

3. (Fordred.) Tincture of camphor, 13 fl. dr.; tincture of myrrh, 1/2 fl. dr.; rectified spirit, 18-1/2 fl. dr.; mix. 1 fl. dr., added to 4 fl. oz. of water, forms camphor julep. It has been proposed to bleach the tincture of myrrh with animal charcoal, but this interferes with its proper action.

4. (Hom[oe]opathic.) See CHOLERA REMEDIES, Nos. 6 and 7.

5. (Houlton.) Spirit of camphor (Ph. L.), 1 fl. oz.; proof spirit, 7 fl. oz.; 1 fl. dr. to 3 fl. oz. of water; forms 'CAMPHOR JULEP,'

6. (Redwood.) Camphor, 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 2-1/2 oz.; dissolve, and add of water, 1/2 oz.

7. (Swediaur.) Powdered camphor, 1 dr.; water saturated with carbonic acid gas, 12 fl. oz.; dissolve. 1 part of this solution, added to 4 parts of water, forms 'CAMPHOR MIXTURE,' See CAMPHOR.

=Essence of Cap'sicum.= See ESSENCE OF CAYENNE.

=Essence of Car'away.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CARUI, L. _Prep._ From oil of caraway, as ESSENCE OF ALMONDS. Its applications and uses are similar. An inferior kind is prepared by macerating the seeds in proof spirit.

=Essence of Car'damoms.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CARDAMOMI, E. C. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ From lesser cardamom seeds (ground in a pepper mill), 5-1/2 lbs.; rectified spirit of wine, 1 gall.; digest for a fortnight, press, and filter.

_Obs._ This preparation is very convenient for flavouring cordials, pastry, &c., and is very powerful. In the laboratory it is frequently substituted for powdered cardamoms in making compound extract of colocynth, and has the advantage of adding no inert matter to the preparation, whilst it imparts the characteristic odour of the seeds in a remarkable degree. When used in this way it is not added to the extract until it is nearly cold and about to be taken from the pan. The testæ or shells of the seed should be separated from the kernels, as the former are quite inert, and if used occasion a loss of spirit for no purpose.

=Essence of Cascaril'la.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CASCARILLÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Cascarilla (bruised), 12 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; proceed either by digestion or percolation. The product is 8 times the strength of the infusion of cascarilla. (Ph. L.)

2. See INFUSION (Concentrated).

=Essence of Cas'sia.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CASSIÆ, L. _Prep._ From oil of cassia, as essence of allspice or almonds.

=Essence of Cayenne'.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF CAYENNE PEPPER, E. OF CAPSICUM, CONCENTRATED E. OF C.; ESSENTIA CAPSICI, TINCTURA CAPSICI CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Capsicum (recent dried pods, bruised), 3 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; digest 14 days, press, and filter. Some persons prepare it by the method of displacement.

2. Capsicum, 1/4 lb.; proof spirit, 1 pint; digest as before. Weaker than No. 1.

3. (Kitchener's.) Cayenne pepper, 1 oz.; brandy, 1 pint; digest, &c., as before.

_Obs._ The product of the first formula is a transparent, dark-coloured liquid, having an intensely burning taste. One drop is sufficient to deprive a person of the power of speech for several seconds; and a few drops will impart the rich pungency of cayenne to a large quantity of soup, sauce, or any other article. It forms the 'ESSENCE OF CAYENNE' and the 'CONC. ESS. OF CAYENNE PEPPER' of the London houses. It is principally used as a flavouring, and to make SOLUBLE CAYENNE PEPPER; also in dispensing. It is fully eight times as strong as the 'TINCTURA CAPSICI' (Ph. L.). The product of the third formula is used exclusively for culinary purposes. The pods or fruit of _Capsicum annuum_ (capsicum chilly), _C. baccatum_ (bird pepper), and _C. fructescens_ (Guinea pods, red pepper), are indiscriminately used for this preparation, but the first are those preferred for medicinal purposes; the others have similar properties, but are more pungent and acrimonious; hence the preference given to them in the preparation of cayenne pepper. See PEPPER.

=Essence of Ce'drat.= See OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Cel'ery.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF CELERY SEED; ESSENTIA APII, ESS. A. SEMINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. From celery seed (bruised or ground), 4-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 pint; digest a fortnight, and strain.

2. (Concentrated.) Celery seed, 7 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest as before. Very fine. Both are used for flavouring.

=Essence, Cephalic.= See ESSENCE FOR HEADACHE.

=Essence of Cham'omile.= _Syn._ CHAMOMILE DROPS; ESSENTIA ANTHEMIDIS, E. CHAMÆMELI, E. C. ALBA, L. _Prep._ 1. From essential oil of chamomile, as essence of allspice. Stomachic and stimulant.--_Dose_, 5 to 30 drops; 1/2 fl. oz., shaken with about 1 pint of pure water, forms an excellent extemporaneous chamomile water.

2. Gentian root (sliced or bruised), 1 lb.; dried orange peel, 1/4 lb.; proof spirit, 1 gal.; essential oil of chamomile, 3-1/2 fl. oz.; macerate a week. Slightly coloured. Some persons use 1/2 lb. of quassia wood, instead of the gentian and orange peel. Both the above are stomachic and tonic, and are favourite remedies in loss of appetite, dyspepsia, &c.--_Dose._ As the last, on sugar, or in a wine-glassful of wine or beer.

=Essence of Chiret'ta.= See INFUSION (Concentrated).

=Essence of Cin'namon.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CINNAMOMI, SPIRITUS C. CONCENTRATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. From oil of cinnamon, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE or ALMONDS.

2. Cinnamon, 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 3/4 pint; water, 1/4 pint; digest a week, and strain. Inferior to the last. Essence of cassia is commonly sold for it.

=Essence of Civ'et.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ZIBETHI, L. _Prep._ 1. Civet (cut small), 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; as ESSENCE OF MUSK.

2. Instead of rectified spirit use spirit of ambrette. Both are used in perfumery; chiefly in combination with other substances.

=Essence of Cloves.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA CARYOPHILLI, L. _Prep._ 1. (White.) From oil of cloves, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE. Used as a 'flavouring.'

2. (Coloured.) Cloves (bruised), 3-1/2 oz. proof spirit, 3/4 pint; water, 1/4 pint; digest a week, and strain. Inferior to the last. It is 8 times as strong as INFUSION OF CLOVES (Ph. L.). Chiefly used in dispensing.

=Essence of Cof'fee.= See COFFEE.

=Essence of Co'gnac.= (k[=o]ne'-y[)a]k). _Syn._ BRANDY ESSENCE. _Prep._ From brandy oil, 2 fl. oz.; rectified spirit, 18 fl. oz. For flavouring malt spirit to imitate brandy. See OIL.

=Essence of Cologne.= _Syn._ CONCENTRATED EAU DE COLOGNE; ESSENTIA COLONIENSIS, AQUA C. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. By taking 8 times the quantity of the ingredients ordered for COLOGNE WATER, and using the strongest rectified spirit.

2. Oils of lemon and cedrat, of each, 2 dr.; oil of rosemary, 1 dr.; oil of bergamotte, 1 oz.; spirit of neroli, 2 fl. oz.; purest rectified spirit, 5 fl. oz. Used as a condensed perfume.

=Essence of Colts'foot.= _Prep._ 1. (Ryan.) Balsam of tolu, 1 oz.; rectified spirit and compound tincture of benzoin, of each 3 oz.; dissolve, and in a few days decant the clear portion.

2. (Paris.) Equal parts of balsam of tolu and compound tincture of benzoin, with double the quantity of rectified spirit.

3. Tincture of tolu, 5 fl. oz.; compound tincture of benzoin, 3 fl. oz.; powdered sugar (quite dry), 1 oz.; hay saffron, 1 dr.; digest a week, with frequent agitation.

_Obs._ Pectoral and stimulant. A quack remedy for consumption and most other diseases of the lungs, but unless assisted by occasional aperients, and in the absence of fever, it is more likely to kill than cure in these complaints. The last is the best formula.

=Essence of Cu'bebs.= _Syn._ CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF CUBEBS; ESSENTIA CUBEBÆ, E. C. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Cubebs (bruised, or preferably ground in a pepper mill), 1/2 lb.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest 14 days, press, and filter.

2. (Wholesale.) Cubebs, 4-1/4 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall. This essence has a very large sale, and if carefully prepared from a good sample of the drug, is a most excellent preparation. Every fl. oz. represents 2-1/2 dr. of cubebs.--_Dose_, 1 to 3 dr.

=Essence of Cubebs (Oleo-resinous).= _Prep._ (Dublanc.) Oleo-resinous extract of cubebs, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 3 oz.; dissolve. A very active and concentrated form of administering cubebs, which must not be confounded with the preceding preparation, which is the one always meant when 'Essence of Cubebs' is ordered.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 1 dr.

=Essence of Dill.= _Syn._ DILL DROPS; ESSENTIA ANETHI, L. _Prep._ 1. From oil of dill, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE.

2. Oil of dill, extract of dill, and salt of tartar, of each 1/2 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest, and strain. Both the above are aromatic and anti-flatulent. The first is commonly used as an adjunct to other medicines, especially to purgatives for children. The second is a popular tonic and stomachic in the flatulent colic, dyspepsia, &c., of women and children.--_Dose._ A few drops, on sugar.

=Essence of Er'got.= See LIQUOR or ERGOT OF RYE.

=Essence of Ergot (Ethereal).= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ERGOTÆ ETHEREA, E. SECALIS CORNUTI E., L. _Prep._ 1. (Mr Lever.) Ergot (powdered), 2 oz.; rectified sulphuric ether, 2 fl. oz.; digest a week, express the tincture, filter, and abandon the liquid to spontaneous evaporation; lastly, dissolve the residuum in ether, 1 fl. oz. This is an expensive and troublesome formula. The following modification of it is both simpler and less expensive.

2. Ergot (ground), 8 oz.; ether, 16 fl. oz.; prepare a tincture as before, and by a gentle heat distil off the ether in a retort connected with a well-cooled refrigerator, until 15 fl. oz. shall have passed over; continue the evaporation at a reduced heat until the remainder of the ether has passed off; lastly, dissolve the residuum, as soon as cold, in ether, 4 fl. oz.

_Obs._ Each fl. oz. represents 2 oz. of ergot.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops as a parturifacient, taken on sugar; 3 to 5 drops as a hæmostatic and emmenagogue, in hæmorrhages, floodings, &c. It possesses all the acrid, narcotic principle of the ergot, but less of the hæmostatic principle than the ordinary essence, whilst it is much more costly.

=Essence of Fen'nel.= _Syn._ ESSENCE OF SWEET FENNEL; ESSENTIA F[OE]NICULI, L. _Prep._ From oil of fennel (_F[oe]niculum dulce_), as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE.

=Essence of Gen'tian.= See INFUSION OF GENTIAN (Concentrated).

=Essence of Gin'ger.= _Syn._ CONCENTRATED TINCTURE OF GINGER, ESSENTIA ZINGIBERIS, TINCTURA Z. CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. Unbleached Jamaica ginger (bruised), 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest a fortnight, press, and filter.

2. (Oxley's 'CONCENTRATED ESSENCE OF JAMAICA GINGER,' The same as the preceding, with the addition of a very small quantity of essence of cayenne. The above possess only about 4 times the strength of tincture of ginger (Ph. L.); and though vended in the shops as essence of ginger, scarcely deserves the name.

3. As No. 1 (next article, _below_), but using double the quantity of spirit. Very fine.

4. (Kitchener's.) Ginger (grated), 3 oz.; yellow peel of lemon (fresh), 2 oz.; brandy, 1-1/2 pint; digest 10 days. For culinary purposes, &c. See _below_.

=Essence of Ginger (Concentrated).= _Syn._ ESSENTIA ZINGIBERIS CONCENTRATA. _Prep._ 1. Jamaica ginger (best unbleached, in coarse powder) and siliceous sand, equal parts, are sprinkled with rectified spirit of wine, q. s. to perfectly moisten them, and after 24 hours the mass is placed in a 'percolator,' and after returning the first runnings 2 or 3 times, the receiver is changed, and more rectified spirit poured on gradually, and at intervals, as required, until as much essence is obtained as there has been ginger employed.

_Obs._ The quality of the product of the above formula is excellent, but the process is somewhat difficult to manage. The mass remaining in the percolator is treated with fresh spirit until exhausted, and the tincture so obtained is employed, instead of spirit, for making more essence with fresh ginger. The last portion of spirit in the waste mass may be obtained by adding a little water. Coarsely powdered charcoal is frequently used instead of sand, in which case the product has less colour; at the same time, however, a little of the flavour is lost.

2. (Wholesale.)--_a._ Best unbleached Jamaica ginger (as last), 12 lbs.; rectified spirit, 2-1/2 galls., are digested together for 14 days, and the expressed and strained tincture reduced by distillation, in a steam or water bath, to exactly 1 gall.; it is next cooled, and transferred as quickly as possible into stoppered bottles, and the next day filtered.

_Obs._ The product of the last formula is a most beautiful article, of immense strength, and the richest flavour. The assertion made by a recent writer on pharmacy, that 'the product is very strong, but has lost some of the flavour of the ginger,' is evidently made in ignorance of the preparation. "We were the first to introduce and publish this formula, and have employed it for years on the most extensive scale, and can conscientiously assert that, for inexpensiveness, and the quality of the essence produced by it, it is unequalled by any other. The process, though apparently complicated is, in reality, easily performed. The spirit distilled over contains none of the fragrant or aromatic principles of the ginger; on the contrary, the little flavour it has received (apparently from a species of ethereal oil) is rather disagreeable than otherwise, and is better got rid of than retained in the essence. The spirit is used with advantage for preparing the common tincture of ginger, and several other articles. The cause of failure when this process is adopted is careless or awkward manipulation. When possible, hydraulic pressure should be employed to express the tincture, 2 oz. of this essence are regarded as equivalent to 3 oz. of the finest ginger, being fully twenty times as strong as the 'TINCTURE OF GINGER' (Ph. L.). A single drop, swallowed, will almost produce suffocation." Cooley.

_b._ From ginger (as last), 24 lbs.; rectified spirit, 6 gall.; make a tincture, as before, and reduce it by distillation to 1 gall.; then cool as quickly as possible out of contact with the air and add, of the strongest rectified spirit of wine, 1 gall.; lastly, filter, if required. Quality resembles No. 2, _a_ (nearly). "We are in the habit of applying the method developed in the last two formulæ to the preparation of the essences of several other substances, the active principles of which are not volatile at a low temperature." Cooley.

=Essence of Grape.= _Prep._ From grape oil, as ESSENCE OF ALMONDS. It is used to flavour brandy and wines. See OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Guaiac'um.= _Syn._ FLUID EXTRACT OF GUAIACUM; ESSENTIA GUAIACI, EXTRACTUM GUAIACI FLUIDUM, L. _Prep._ Recent guaiacum shavings, from which the dust has been sifted, 3 cwt., are exhausted by coction in water, as in the preparation of an extract, using as little of that fluid as is absolutely necessary; the decoction is evaporated to exactly 1-3/4 gall.; it is next stirred until cold, to prevent the deposit of resinous matter, when it is put into a bottle, and spirit of wine, 5 pints, is added; the whole is then repeatedly agitated for a week, after which it is allowed to settle for 7 or 8 days, and the clear portion is decanted into another bottle.

_Obs._ This preparation is frequently substituted for guaiacum shavings in the preparation of compound decoction of sarsaparilla. 1 pint of this essence is considered equivalent to 19 lbs. of guaiacum in substance. See DECOCTION OF SARSAPARILLA (Comp.).

=Essence for the Handkerchief.= See ESSENTIA ODORATA, &c.

=Essence for the Headache.= _Syn._ CEPHALIC ESSENCE, EMBROCATION OF AMMONIA, DR HAWKINS' EMBROCATION, WARD'S E., WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEADACHE; EMBROCATIO AMMONIÆ, LINIMENTUM A., ESSENTIA CEPHALICA, L. _Prep._ 1. Oil of lavender (Mitcham), 1 dr.; camphor, 1 oz.; liquor of ammonia, 4 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; dissolve. Very fragrant and powerful.

2. (Beasley.) Spirit of camphor, 2 lbs.; strong water of ammonia, 4 oz.; essence of lemon, 1/2 oz.

3. (Redwood.) Camphor and liquor of ammonia, of each 2 oz.; oil of lavender, 4 dr.; rectified spirit, 14 oz. Very fragrant. Stimulant and rubefacient. Used as a counter-irritant lotion in local pains, as headache, earache, colic, &c. Compound camphor liniment is usually sold for it. See LINIMENT.

=Essence of Henbane.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA HYOSCAMI, L. See ESSENCE (Anodyne), No. 2.

=Essence of Hop.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA LUPULI, E. HUMULI, TINCTURA LUPULI CONCENTRATA, L. _Prep._ 1. New hops (rubbed small), 26-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 1 quart; digest 24 hours, then distil over (quickly) 1 pint, and set the distillate (_spiritus lupuli_) aside in a corked bottle; to the residuum add water, 1 pint; boil 15 minutes, cool, express the liquor, strain, and evaporate it as quickly as possible to dryness by the heat of a water bath, powder the residuum, and add it to the distilled spirit; digest a week, and filter.

2. Lupulinic grains (yellow powder or lupulin of the strobiles), 5 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint; digest 10 days; express, and filter. Both the above are powerfully bitter, and loaded with the aroma of the hop. They are fully 8 times as strong as the 'TINCTURA LUPULI' of the Ph. L. A few drops added to a glassful of ale or beer render it agreeably bitter and stomachic.

3. (BREWER'S E. OF HOPS.) Several noxious preparations under the name of extract of hops are sold by the brewer's druggist. They are mostly semi-fluid extracts of quassia, gentian, and like powerful bitters. Of three of these articles which we have examined, one (for PALE ALE) consisted of the mixed extracts of quassia and chamomile; another was a preparation of picric acid; whilst a third ('strongly recommended for PORTER') consisted of about equal parts of the extracts of bitter aloes, cocculus indicus, and wormwood. A few years ago one of these vile compounds was publicly advertised, and 'warranted' as being equal to 100 times its weight in hops (1 oz. to 5-1/2 lbs.).

=Essence of Jargonelle' Pear.= _Syn._ PEAR ESSENCE, ESPRIT DE JARGONELLE, &c. _Prep._ From pear oil (acetate of oxide of amyl), as ESSENCE OF ALMONDS. This is now largely employed to flavour confectionery and liqueurs. See AMYL and OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Jas'mine.= See SPIRIT and OIL (Volatile).

=Essence of Jes'samine.= See SPIRIT and OIL.

=Essence of Jon'quil.= See SPIRIT and OIL.

=Essence of Lav'ender.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA LAVANDULÆ (ODORATA), L. _Prep._ 1. Oil of lavender (Mitcham), 2 oz.; rectified spirit (strongest), 1 pint.

2. As the strongest _Eau de lavende_. See SPIRIT.

=Essence of Lavender (Red).= See SPIRIT and TINCTURE.

=Essence of Lem'on.= _Syn._ ESSENTIA LIMONIS, L. _Prep._ 1. See OIL (Volatile).

2. (W. Procter.) Fresh oil of lemons, 1 fl. oz.; deodorised alcohol (strongest flavourless rectified), 8 fl. oz.; exterior yellow rind of lemons (fresh), 1/2 oz.; digest 48 hours, and filter. Used for flavouring mixtures, pastry, &c.

3. From oil of lemons, as ESSENCE OF ALLSPICE. Used as the last.