Part 137
=Drops (Med'icated).= _Syn._ GUTTÆ, L. This term is commonly applied to compound medicines that are only taken in small doses. At the present time they are almost exclusively confined to empirical and domestic medicine. The plan of directing liquids to be measured by dropping is objectionable, because the drops of different fluids vary in size, and are also further influenced by the size of the bottle and the shape of its neck, as well as the quantity of liquid it is poured from. See ESSENCE, and _below_.
=Drops, Acoust'ic.= _Syn._ ACOUSTIC BALSAM; GUTTÆ ACOUSTICÆ, BALSAMUM ACOUSTICUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Oil of almonds, 1 oz.; laudanum and oil of turpentine, of each 1 dr.; mix. For hardened wax, and to allay pain.
2. Tinctures of benzoin, castor, and opium, of each, 1 fl. oz.; essential oil of assaf[oe]tida, 5 drops. As the last, and in deafness arising from debility of the organism.
3. (Baumé's.) Tinctures of ambergris, assaf[oe]tida, castor, and opium, of each, 1 oz.; terebinthinated balsam of sulphur and oil of rue, of each, 15 drops. In atonic deafness.
4. (Bouchardat.) Compound spirit of balm, 2-1/2 dr.; oil of almonds, 5 dr.; ox-gall, 10 dr.; cresote, 10 or 20 drops. In cases complicated with hardened wax, fetid discharges, &c.
5. (Dr Hugh Smith.) Ox-gall, 3 dr.; balsam of Peru, 1 dr. In fetid ulcerations of the ear. One or two drops of the above are poured into the ear; or a piece of cotton wool moistened therewith is introduced instead. The last is the safest plan.
6. Glycerin, either alone or diluted with water. In deficiency of the natural secretions of the ear; used in sufficient quantity to moisten the first passages. See DEAFNESS, GLYCERIN.
=Drops, A'gue.= _Prep._ White arsenic, 1/2 gr.; hot water, 1 oz.; dissolve.--_Dose_, 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful, twice a day. See SOLUTION (Arsenite of Potassa).
=Drops, An'odyne.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANODYNÆ, L. The solutions of acetate and hydrochlorate of morphia are commonly vended in the shops under this name.
=Drops, Ant'acid.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTACIDÆ, L. _Prep._ (U. C. Hosp.) Liquor of potassa, 3 fl. oz,; powdered myrrh, 1 oz.; triturate together until thoroughly incorporated, add of liquor of ammonia, 1 fl. oz., mix well, place the mixture in a stoppered bottle, and the next day decant the clear portion. Antacid, tonic, and stomachic.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 drops, or more, in water.
=Drops, Antihyster'ic.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTIHYSTERICÆ, L. _Prep._ Cyanide of potassium, 2 gr.; rectified spirit, 5 fl. dr.; syrup of orange flowers, 3 fl. dr.--_Dose_, 10 drops to 1/2 teaspoonful, when the attack is expected, and repeated occasionally as required; in hysterical affections, gastrodynia, &c.
=Drops, Antiscorbu'tic.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTISCORBUTICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Expressed juice of water-cress, 2 fl. oz.; salt of tartar, 1 oz.; agitate together occasionally for a few hours, and in 2 or 3 days decant.--_Dose_, 12 or 15 drops, to a teaspoonful, twice a day, in a cupful of new milk.
2. Citrate of potassa, 4 dr.; ammonio-citrate of iron, 2 dr.; water, 10 fl. dr.--_Dose._ As the last, in water.
3. (GREEN'S ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS.) Merely a disguised solution of corrosive sublimate. Most of the other 'antiscorbutic' and 'anti-venereal drops' advertised by quacks have a like composition.
=Drops, Antiscrof'ulous.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTISCROFULOSÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Iodine, 10 gr.; iodide of potassium, 1 dr.; water, 1 fl. oz.
2. (Augustin.) Chlorides of iron and barium, of each, 1/2 dr.; distilled water, 1 fl. oz.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 drops, 2 or 3 times a day.
=Drops, Antispasmod'ic.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTISPASMODICÆ, L. _Prep._ Tinctures of castor, valerian, and assaf[oe]tida, of each, 2 dr.; tincture of capsicum and balsam of Peru, of each, 1 dr.; camphor, 20 gr.; acetate of morphia, 3 gr.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 drops, as required.
=Drops, Bateman's.= See DROPS, PECTORAL.
=Drops, Battley's.= See LIQUOR OPII SEDATIVUS.
=Drops, Bitter.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ AMARÆ, L.; GOUTTES AMÈRES, Fr. _Prep._ From nux vomica (rasped), 1 lb.; liquor of potassa, 1/2 fl. oz.; bistre, 1 dr.; compound spirit of wormwood, 32 fl. oz.; digest 10 days, express the tincture, and filter. A most unscientific preparation; said to be tonic and stomachic.--_Dose_, 1 to 8 drops in water or any bitter infusion. In large doses it is poisonous.
=Drop, Black.= _Syn._ ARMSTRONG'S BLACK DROP, LANCASTER'S B. D., QUAKER'S B. D., TOUSTALL'S B. D., BRAITHWAITE'S GENUINE B. D.; GUTTA NIGRA, L. This celebrated preparation was originally prepared nearly a century and a half ago by Edward Toustall, a medical practitioner in the county of Durham, and one of the Society of Friends. The formula passing into the possession of a relative of his (John Walton, of Shildon), was found among his brother's papers, and, by the permission of Thomas Richardson, of Bishop's Wearmouth, one of his executors, was handed to Dr Armstrong, who subsequently published it in his work on typhus fever.
_Prep._ 1. (Original formula.) Opium (sliced), 1/2 lb.; good verjuice, 3 pints; nutmegs, 1-1/2 oz.; saffron, 1/2 oz.; boil them to a proper thickness; then add, of sugar, 1/4 lb., and yeast, 2 teaspoonfuls. Set the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for 6 or 8 weeks, then place it in the open air until it becomes of the consistence of a syrup; lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle. To yield two pints of strained liquor.
2. (ACETUM OPII, L.--U. S.) Opium, 8 oz.; nutmeg, 1-1/2 oz. (both in coarse powder); saffron, 1/2 oz.; distilled vinegar, 24 fl. oz.; digest on a sand bath with a gentle heat for 48 hours, and strain; digest the residuum with an equal quantity of distilled vinegar for 24 hours; then put the whole into a percolator, and return the filtered liquid as it passes until it runs clear; afterwards pour on the material, fresh distilled vinegar until 48 fl. oz. of filtered liquor shall be obtained; in this dissolve sugar, 12 oz., and gently evaporate the whole to 52 fl. oz.
3. (Wholesale.) Opium, 10 oz., and distilled vinegar, 1 quart, are digested together for about a fortnight, and after sufficient repose the clear portion is decanted. This is the form commonly adopted by the wholesale trade in England.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 drops. It is usually considered to be of fully 4 times the strength of laudanum.
=Drops, Carmin'ative.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ CARMINATIVÆ, L. _Prep._ (Radius.) Oil of mace, 1 dr.; nitric ether, 3 dr.--_Dose_, 6 to 10 drops on sugar; in flatulent colic, &c.
=Drops, Cham'omile.= See ESSENCE.
=Drops, Dalby's.= See PATENT MEDICINES (Dalby's Carminative).
=Drops, Durande's.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ÆTHERIS TEREBINTHINATÆ, L. _Prep._ (M. Durande.) Rectified sulphuric acid, 3 parts; oil of turpentine, 1 part.--_Dose_, 20 to 30 drops, or more; in the passing of gall-stones.
=Drops, Dutch.= _Syn._ HAERLEM DROPS, TURPENTINE DROPS; BALSAMUM TEREBINTHINÆ, L. The genuine or imported 'Dutch Drops' is the residuum of the rectification of oil of turpentine. It is also prepared by distilling resin, and collecting the product in different portions. At first a white, then a yellow, and lastly a red oil, comes over. The last is the balsam. The article commonly sold under the name in this country is prepared by one or other of the following formulæ:--
1. Oil of turpentine, tincture of guaiacum, and sweet spirit of nitre, of each 1 oz.; oils of amber and cloves, of each 15 drops.
2. Balsam of sulphur, 1 part; oil of turpentine, 5 parts. This last is the form most generally employed. They are all regarded by those who use them as detergent, diuretic, stimulant, and vulnerary.
=Drops, Female.= _Syn._ EMMENAGOGUE DROPS; GUTTÆ EMMENAGOGÆ, L. _Prep._ (Brande.) Compound tincture of aloes and tincture of valerian, of each, 2 fl. oz.; tincture of sesquichloride of iron, 1 fl. oz.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful in water or chamomile tea; in obstructed menstruation, &c.
=Drops, Fit.= _Syn._ SOOT DROPS; TINCTURA FULIGINIS, GUTTÆ F., L. _Prep._ From wood-soot, 2 oz.; sal-ammoniac, 1 oz.; salt of tartar, 1/2 lb.; soft water, 4 lbs.; digest a week and filter. Reputed antispasmodic, and also useful in scurvy and certain skin diseases.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful or more, occasionally, in water.
=Drops, Golden.= _Syn._ DE LA MOTTE'S G. D.; BESTUCHEFF'S NERVOUS TINCTURE; GUTTÆ AUREÆ, L.; ELIXIR D'OR, GOUTTES D'OR DU GÉNÉRAL LAMOTTE, Fr. _Prep._ 1. (Original.) Chloride of iron (obtained by distilling iron pyrites with twice its weight of corrosive sublimate), 3 oz.; alcohol, 7 oz,; expose the mixture in a closely stoppered bottle to the rays of the sun until it becomes decoloured.
2. Chloride of iron, 1 part; alcohol and ether, of each, 3 parts. These drops have the remarkable property of losing their yellow colour in the sun, and recovering it in the shade. They are taken in gout, hypochondriasis, and nervous complaints, in doses of from 10 to 60 drops.
=Drops, Hooping-Cough.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTI-PERTUSSICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Graves.) Tincture of assaf[oe]tida and compound tincture of camphor, of each 1/2 fl. oz.; compound tincture of bark, 5 fl. oz.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful, 2 or 3 times a day.
2. (Potestates Succini.) Oil of amber, 1 oz.; carbonate (not sesquicarb.) of ammonia, 1/2 oz.; strongest rectified spirit (alcohol), 1/2 pint; digest 3 or 4 days, and decant the clear portion.--_Dose_, 10 drops to 1 dr., applied as a friction.
=Drops, Infantile.= Several anodyne, carminative, and absorbent preparations, which pass by this name, will be found under MIXTURES, &c.
=Drops, Jes'uits'.= _Syn._ ELIXIR ANTIVENEREUM, L. _Prep._ 1. Gum guaiacum, 7 oz.; balsam of Peru, 4 dr.; root of sarsaparilla, 5 oz.; rectified spirit of wine, 1 quart; digest for 14 days.
2. (Quincy.) Copaiba, 1 oz.; gum guaiacum, 2 dr.; oil of sassafras, 1 dr.; salt of tartar, 1/2 dr.; rectified spirit, 5 fl. oz.; digest a week.
3. (Walker's.) Copaiba, 6 oz.; gum guaiacum, 1 oz.; chio turpentine and salt of tartar, of each, 1/2 oz.; cochineal, 1 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 quart; digest a week. See COMP. TINCTURE OF BENZOIN.
=Drops, K[oe]chlin's.= _Prep._ (Augustin.) Solution of ammonio-chloride of copper and mercury, 1 fl. dr.; water, 10 fl. dr. In obstinate venereal affections, scrofula, &c.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful after each meal.
=Drops, Lav'ender.= _Syn._ RED DROPS; GUTTÆ LAVENDULÆ, L. The same as compound tincture of lavender.
=Drops, Life.= _Syn._ SALMON'S DROPS OF LIFE; GUTTÆ VITÆ, L. _Prep._ Tincture of castor, 8 fl. oz.; antimonial wine and water, of each 1 lb.; opium, 3 oz.; saffron, 1/2 oz.; cochineal, camphor, and nutmegs, of each 2 dr.; digest for 10 days and filter. Anodyne and diaphoretic.--_Dose_, 20 to 60 drops.
=Drops, Mercu''rial.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDI, L. _Prep._ 1. Bichloride of mercury, 2 gr.; hydrochloric acid, 3 drops; rectified spirit and distilled water, of each, 1/2 fl. oz.--_Dose_, 12 to 20 drops.
2. Bichloride of mercury, 2 gr.; sal-ammoniac, 3 gr.; compound decoction of sarsaparilla, 2 fl. oz.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful.
3. (Sir A. Cooper.) Corrosive sublimate, 1 gr.; dilute hydrochloric acid, 1/2 dr.; dissolve, and add tincture of bark, 2 fl. oz.--_Dose._ As the last. They are all taken 2 or 3 times daily, as alteratives in scrofula, syphilis, cancer, &c. It should not be measured in a metal spoon.
=Drops, Norris's.= An aqueous solution of tartar emetic, mixed with spirit of wine, and coloured.
=Drops, Odontal'gic.= _Syn._ TOOTH-ACHE DROPS; GUTTÆ ODONTALGICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. (Dr Blake.) Alum (in fine powder), 1 dr.; sweet spirit of nitre, 7 fl. dr.; agitate together occasionally for an hour.
2. (Dr Copland.) Powdered opium and camphor, of each 10 gr.; oils of cloves and cajeput, of each 1 dr.; highly rectified spirit and sulphuric ether, of each 1/2 fl. oz.
3. (Cottereau.) A saturated ethereal solution of camphor, to which a few drops of liquor of ammonia is added.
4. (Dr R. E. Griffith.) Wine of opium, Hoffman's anodyne, and oil of peppermint, equal parts. Used as a friction on the cheek or gum, as well as applied to the teeth.
5. (Perry's.) A concentrated ethereal tincture of camphor and pellitory.
6. (Righini.) Creosote, 6 dr.; rectified spirit, 4 dr.; tincture of cochineal, 2 dr.; oil of peppermint, 1/2 dr.
7. Camphor, 2 dr.; rectified spirit, 1 oz.
_Obs._ The above are applied to the tooth with a camel-hair pencil, or a little wad of lint or cotton wool is moistened with them, and placed in or against the tooth.
=Drops, Pectoral.= _Syn._ BATEMAN'S P. D.; GUTTÆ PECTORALES, L. _Prep._ 1. Paregoric, 10 fl. oz.; tincture of castor, 4 fl. oz.; laudanum, 1 fl. oz.; tincture of saffron or of cochineal, 1/2 fl. oz.; oil of aniseed, 15 drops.
2. Castor, 1 oz.; oil of aniseed, 1 dr.; camphor, 5 dr.; cochineal, 1-1/2 dr.; opium, 3/4 oz.; treacle, 1 lb.; proof spirit, 1 gal.; digest for a week.
3. (Phil. Coll. of Pharm.) Camphor, catechu, powdered opium, and red sanders wood, of each 2 oz.; oil of aniseed, 4 fl. dr.; proof spirit, 4 old wine-gallons; digest 10 days, and filter.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful, or more, in coughs, colds, hoarseness, &c., assisted by an aperient.
=Drops, Rheumat'ic.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ RHEUMATICÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Iodide of potassium, 1 dr.; tincture of guaiacum, 2 fl. oz.; dissolve.--_Dose_, 20 to 30 drops. In both chronic and occasional rheumatism, assisted with the copious use of lemon juice.
2. (Lampadius.) Bisulphuret of carbon and ether, of each 2 fl. dr.--_Dose_, 6 to 12 drops, on sugar, or in milk.
3. (Wutzer.) Bisulphuret of carbon, 1 fl. dr.; alcohol, 2 fl. dr.--_Dose._ As No. 2. The last two are sudorific, alterative, resolvent, and emmenagogue, and, besides rheumatism, have been used with advantage in amenorrh[oe]a, in some cutaneous affections, in glandular swellings, &c.
=Drops, Rousseau's.= See WINE OF OPIUM (by Fermentation.)
=Drops, Sed'ative.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ SEDATIVÆ, L. The solutions of acetate and hydrochlorate of morphia, black drop, Rousseau's drop, and Battley's liquor opii sedativus, are frequently sold under this name by the druggists. The anti-hysteric drops (_antè_) is also an excellent sedative.
=Drops, Spilbury's.= _Prep._ 1. (Dr Paris.) From bichloride of mercury, gentian root, and dried orange peel, of each 2 dr.; precipitated sulphuret of antimony and red sanders wood, of each, 1 dr.; proof spirit, 16 fl. oz.; digest ten days and strain.
2. Levigated crocus metallorum ('crocus of antimony'), 6 dr.; corrosive sublimate, 45 gr.; red sanders, 1/2 dr.; gentian root and dried orange peel, of each 2 dr.; brandy (or equal parts of rect. sp. and water), 16 fl. oz.; digest as before.--_Dose_, 5 to 30 drops; as an antiscorbutic, &c.
=Drops, Steel.= See TINCTURE OF SESQUICHLORIDE OF IRON.
=Drops, Ton'ic.= _Prep._ (Collier.) Elixir of vitriol, 2 fl. dr.; tincture of calumba, 6 fl. dr. A teaspoonful three times daily, in a wine-glassful of cold water.
=Drops, Torrington's.= See TINCTURE OF BENZOIN (Comp.).
=Drops, Van Swieten's.= An aromatised solution of corrosive sublimate.
=Drop, Ward's White.= _Prep._ From quicksilver, 4 oz.; nitric acid, 16 fl. oz.; dissolve, add sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 7 oz.; evaporate and crystallise; then dissolve the resulting salt by the heat of a sand bath, in 4 times its weight of rose-water. Very poisonous.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 drops, as an antiscorbutic, antivenereal, &c.
=Drops, Worm.= _Syn._ GUTTÆ ANTHELMINTICÆ, G. VERMIFUGÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Creosote, 1 dr.; oil of turpentine, 7 fl. dr.--_Dose._ A teaspoonful, 3 or 4 times a day.
2. (Peschier.) Oil of male-fern, 3 fl. dr.; rectified oil of turpentine, 5 fl. dr. As the last; in tapeworm.
3. (Schwartz'.) Barbadoes tar, 1 fl. oz.; tincture of assaf[oe]tida, 1-1/2 fl. oz.--_Dose_, 30 to 40 drops, three times a day; in tapeworm.
=DROPS (Scouring).= _Prep._ 1. Oil of turpentine and oil of lemons, equal parts. Both of the ingredients should have been recently distilled or rectified.
2. Oil of lemon bottoms, 1-3/4 lb.; oil of turpentine, 1 quart; mix well, and distil by the heat of a sand bath, until 3 pints have come over, or as long as the distillate is clear, pale, and sweet. Used to remove paint, grease, &c., from cloth.
=DROPSY.= _Syn._ HYDROPS, L. An unnatural collection of aqueous fluid in any part of the body. Dropsy has received different names, according to the part of the body affected by the disease. When it occurs in the cellular membrane it is called ANASARCA; when in the cavity of the abdomen, ASCITES; in the cavity of the cranium, HYDROCEPHALUS; in the scrotum, HYDROCELE; in the uterus, HYDROMETRA; and in the chest, HYDROTHORAX. Dropsy is mostly a symptom of extreme debility and a broken-down constitution, and frequently follows lengthened attacks of exhausting chronic diseases.
The treatment of dropsy, perhaps, more than any other disease, depends upon the circumstances with which it is connected, and, more especially, upon those which have caused it. The acute inflammatory forms of dropsy generally require depletion. In most other cases, tonics may be advantageously administered. To promote the absorption of the accumulated fluids, diuretics are commonly resorted to. Confirmed dropsy (especially HYDROCEPHALUS and HYDROTHORAX), occurring in patients either much debilitated by previous disease or of a bad habit of body, is seldom curable.
=DROWNING.= The cause of death from submersion in water is the entire seclusion of air from the lungs, by which the aëration of the venous blood is prevented. In consequence of this deprivation of air, venous blood circulates through the arterial system, whilst the pulmonary vein ceases to convey oxygenated blood to the heart. Under ordinary circumstances, in the course of 4 or 5 minutes after the access of air has been cut off, life becomes extinct. Many cases have, nevertheless, occurred of persons being submerged for 15 or 20 minutes, and even longer, and where perfect insensibility has existed, in which recovery has taken place.
_Prev._ The specific gravity of the human body is less than that of water, so long as the lungs are partially filled with air; and this difference is sufficient to keep the body floating with the mouth and nostrils free for respiration, provided the face is turned upwards by throwing the head back on the shoulders, by which the weight of the head is sustained by the water. When a person throws himself into the water, the body rises rapidly to the surface and assumes nearly the erect position, the upper part of the head, down to a little below the eyes, remaining above the surface of the water. This arises from the greater density of the legs and thighs compared to that of the chest, which acts as a species of float or buoy to the rest of the body. In this situation the head may be thrown back, so that the face may form the exposed portion, as before mentioned, when respiration may be carried on without inconvenience in still water, and regularly, but sufficiently, so as to sustain life for some time, even in a rough sea. The adoption of this simple precaution would have saved thousands of valuable lives.
Another point which should be remembered by every person in danger of drowning is, that there is always a considerable amount of residual air in the lungs, in a nearly deoxidised state, and that if this air is expelled by two or three forced inspirations, and a deep inspiration is then taken, a larger quantity of vital air will be introduced into the lungs, and the blood will continue aërated for a proportionally longer time; and consequently, a longer period will elapse before another inspiration will be required. If we prepare ourselves by taking two or three forced inspirations, and then take a full inspiration, we may remain for 1-1/2 or 2 minutes before a second attempt at respiration need be made. This is the plan adopted by the pearl fishers, and other divers who are remarkable for remaining beneath the surface of the water for some time. A person in danger of shipwreck, or expecting immediate submersion, in any other situation, should have recourse to this expedient, which would prevent the dreadful effects of attempting respiration whilst under water.
_Treat._ The first object is the restoration of the animal heat. For this purpose, the wet clothes should be removed, and the body, after being well dried, surrounded with warm air. In the absence of a warm-air bath, the body may be laid between well-heated blankets, and bottles of hot water applied to the feet and armpits. Gentle friction with warm flannel or the hands should also be assiduously employed. Meanwhile attempts should be made to excite respiration artificially; and when the apparatus is at hand, slight shocks of electricity should be kept up at the same time. On the appearance of returning life, such as sighing or convulsive twitching, a vein may be opened. The throat may be tickled with the finger or a feather, to excite vomiting, and a teaspoonful of warm water administered. If the power of swallowing exists, a table-spoonful of warm wine or brandy and water may be given. Even if no symptom of returning animation appear, these means of recovery should be persisted in for three or four hours.
In the treatment of this species of asphyxia, nasal stimulants, as ammonia, aromatic vinegar, &c., should be avoided, as well as the injection of tobacco smoke, both of which have been found highly prejudicial. The practice of holding the body with the head downwards, which is sometimes adopted by the vulgar and ignorant, under the idea of allowing the water to run out by the mouth, is still more dangerous and absurd. The supposition that water is inhaled by drowning persons instead of air is perfectly fallacious. The peculiar mechanism of the glottis, or upper portion of the windpipe, is such as to prevent, by the spasmodic closure of the epiglottis, the entrance of more than a very trifling and accidental quantity of water, which is altogether too insignificant to produce any very injurious effects. See ASPHYXIA.
=DRUGS.= Substances used in medicine, sold by druggists, and compounded by apothecaries and physicians. Our continental neighbours, wiser than ourselves, not merely require that persons engaged in selling and dispensing drugs and pharmaceutical preparations shall be fully qualified by previous education and training for the task, but also that the various articles they sell and use shall be commercially pure and of the proper quality. In the United States of America this subject has also engaged the attention of the government and legislature. Under the Act of the 26th June, 1848, inspectors were appointed to examine the quality of imported articles of this class before allowing them to pass the Customs for home use. An abridged copy of the order addressed to the "collectors and other officers under this act" is appended, and will be useful to the reader, as assisting to establish a standard by which the value of the substances named therein may be estimated.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, _June 4th, 1853_.
The following articles are to be entitled to entry when ascertained by analysis to afford the per-centages as under, viz.:--
ALOES, 80% of _pure aloetic extract_.
ASSAF[OE]TIDA, 50% of its _peculiar bitter resin_, and 3% of _volatile oil_.
CINCHONA BARK,[264] 1% _of pure quinine_, or 2% of the several alkaloids, as _quina_, _cinchona_, _quinidine_, _aricine_, &c.
BENZOIN, 80% of _benzoin resin_.
Do. 12% of _benzoic acid_.
COLOCYNTH, 12% of _colocynthine_.
ELATERIUM, 30% of _elaterine_.
GALBANUM, 60% of _resin_.
Do. 10% of _gum_, and 6% _volatile oil_.
GAMBOGE, 70% of _pure gamboge resin_, and 2% of _gum_.
GUAIACUM, 80% of _pure guaiacum resin_.
GUM AMMONIACUM, 70% of _resin_, and 18% of _gum_.
JALAP,[265] 11% of _pure jalap resin_.
MYRRH, 30% of _pure resin_, and 50% of _gum_.
OPIUM, 9% of _pure morphia_.
RHUBARB,[266] 40% of _soluble matter_.
SAGAPENUM, 50% of _resin_, 30% of _gum_, and 30% of _volatile oil_.
SCAMMONY, 70% of _pure scammony resin_.