Part 136
3. (A. T. Thomson.) Musk mixture, 14 fl. dr.; liquor of ammonia, 16 drops; tincture of castor, 1 fl. dr.; syrup of poppies, 1/2 fl. dr.; mix. Three or four times daily, in hysteria and convulsive affections, after the bowels have been well cleared by some aperient.
4. (A. T. Thomson.) Oil of aniseed, 10 drops; magnesia, 20 gr.; tincture of senna, 2 fl. dr.; peppermint water, 10 fl. dr.; mix. In flatulence and spasms of the stomach.
=Draught, Ape''rient.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS APERIENS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Paris.) Infusion of senna, 1 fl. oz.; tincture of senna, tincture of jalap, and syrup of senna, of each 1 fl. dr.; tartrate of potassa, 1 dr.; mix.
2. (Ryan.) Epsom salts, 4 dr.; tincture of senna, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; syrup of ginger, 1 fl. dr.; spirit of sal-volatile, 20 drops; infusion of senna, 1-1/2 fl. oz.
3. (Thomson.) Tartrate of potassa, 3 dr.; tincture of senna and syrup of saffron, of each 1 dr.; infusion of senna, 1-1/2 oz. The above are good aperients, and in their composition and action resemble the ordinary "black draught."
4. (EFFERVESCING A. D.)--_a._ (Dr Barker.) Bisulphate of potassa, 73 grs.; carbonate of soda, 72 gr.; water, q. s.; dissolve the two in separate glasses, mix the solutions, and drink whilst effervescing, in the same way as soda water.
_b._ (W. Cooley.) Bicarbonate of soda, 1 dr.; potassio-tartrate of soda, 2 drs.; dissolve in about 1-3rd of a glassful of cold water; and pour it on another like quantity of water, holding in solution tartaric acid, 40 grs., and syrup of orange peel, 1-1/2 fl. dr.; and drink it instantly.
_c._ (Paris.) Potassio-tartrate of soda, 2 dr.; bicarbonate of soda, 40 grs.; dissolve, and add lemon juice, 1 or 2 tablespoonfuls.
_d._ (Young.) Cream of tartar, 3 dr.; carbonate of soda, 2-1/2 dr.; throw them into a soda-water bottle three parts filled with cold water, cork immediately, and wire down the cork. The last three are examples of FACTITIOUS EFFERVESCING SEIDLITZ WATER, and are good saline aperients. The method of taking them may be varied by mixing the dry ingredients (in fine powder) on a piece of paper, and throwing the mixture suddenly into a tumbler 2-3rds filled with water, and drinking the liquid whilst effervescing. See CATHARTIC D. (_below._)
=Draught, Ap'petite.= See DRAUGHT, DINNER.
=Draught, Aromat'ic.= _Syn._ AROMATIC ANTACID, DRAUGHT; HAUSTUS AROMATICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. Aromatic confection, 1 dr.; spirit of sal-volatile, 1/2 dr.; syrup of saffron, 2 drs.; pimento water, 9 fl. dr. Excellent in dyspepsia, with acidity, and in diarrh[oe]a, preceded by an aperient.
2. (H. AROM. CUM RHEO.--St. B. Hosp.) Aromatic confection, 1 dr.; infusion of rhubarb and cinnamon water, of each, 6 fl. dr. In diarrh[oe]a and dyspepsia, especially when there is acidity and deficiency of bile.
=Draught, Astrin''gent.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS ASTRINGENS, L. _Prep._ 1. Tannin, 3 gr.; rectified spirit, 1 fl. dr.; simple syrup, 2 fl. dr.; water, 6 fl. dr.
2. (Dr Paris.) Chalk mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; tincture of catechu, 1 fl. dr.; laudanum, 15 drops.
3. (Thomson.) Extract of logwood, 12 gr.; tincture of catechu, 1 fl. dr.; cinnamon water, 15 fl. dr. The above are excellent remedies in diarrh[oe]a (preceded by a purgative), and in dysentery, &c. One may be taken after each motion.
=Draught, Black.= See MIXTURE.
=Draught, Cam'phor.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS CAMPHORÆ, L. _Prep._ (Guy's Hosp.) Camphor, 6 gr.; rectified spirit, q. s. to powder; white sugar, 1 dr.; mucilage, 3 dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz. Anodyne and diaphoretic, &c.
=Draught, Cas'tor Oil.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS OLEI RICINI, L. _Prep._ (Guy's Hosp.) Castor oil, 4 dr.; yelk of egg, q. s. (2 in no.); simple syrup, 1 fl. dr.; cassia or cinnamon water, 1 fl. oz. Aperient.
=Draught, Cathar'tic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS CATHARTICUS, L. The following are given as additions to those under APERIENT D., and other heads:--_Prep._ 1. (Dr Thomson.) Tartrate of potassa, 5 dr.; tincture of senna, 1 fl. dr.; infusion of senna, 14-1/2 fl. dr.; syrup of saffron, 1/2 fl. dr.; mix. In acute diseases, taken early in the morning.
2. (Thomson.) Epsom salts and manna, of each 2 dr.; infusion of roses, 14 fl. dr.; dilute sulphuric acid, 10 drops. In inflammatory affections, and to check vomiting in low fevers.
3. (Thomson.) Carbonate of magnesia, 1 dr.; powdered rhubarb, 20 gr.; peppermint water, 12 fl. dr. In dyspepsia, attended with costiveness and acidity, taken an hour before dinner.
4. (Thomson.) Castor oil, 5 fl. dr.; powdered gum, 20 gr.; rose water, 1 fl. oz.; compound tincture of lavender, 8 drops; syrup of poppies, 1 fl. dr. In colic and calculus. The above differ from aperient draughts simply in their greater strength.
=Draught, Chalk.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS CRETÆ, L. _Prep._ 1. Powdered gum, chalk, and simple syrup, of each 1 dr.; aromatic water (as that of caraway, cinnamon, nutmeg, pimento, or peppermint), 1-1/2 fl. oz.
2. CHALYBEATED C. D.; HAUSTUS CRETÆ ET FERRI, L.--Paris.) Chalk mixture, 7 fl. dr.; compound mixture of iron, 3 fl. dr.; sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 5 or 6 gr. In diarrh[oe]a, particularly in that arising from debility and anæmia.
3. (C. D. WITH RHUBARB; HAUSTUS CRETÆ CUM RHEO, L.)--_a._ Chalk mixture (see _above_), 1-1/2 fl. oz.; powdered rhubarb, 12 gr.
_b._ (Lond. Hosp.) Powder of chalk with opium, 12 gr.; rhubarb, 15 gr.; syrup of saffron and compound tincture of cardamoms, of each 1 fl. dr.; caraway water, 10 fl. dr. In heartburn, dyspepsia, and certain forms of diarrh[oe]a.
=Draught, Chlo''rine.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS CHLORINII, L. _Prep._ (Copland.) Chlorine water, 1/2 fl. dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; mix, and add of syrup of poppies, 1/2 fl. dr. One every 6 hours; in the worst form of typhus fever, and other putrid diseases, &c.
=Draught, Cit'rate of Ammo''nia.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS AMMONIÆ CITRATIS, H. A. SESQUICARBONATIS EFFERVESCENS, L. _Prep._ (Guy's Hosp.) Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 20 gr.; water, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve, and add of lemon juice, 1/2 fl. oz. An agreeable, cooling, saline draught in febrile cases.
=Draught, Cit'rate of Potas'sa.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS POTASSÆ CITRATIS, L. _Prep._ From carbonate of potassa, 24 gr. (or bicarbonate, 29 gr.); water, 1 fl. oz.; dissolve, and add of lemon juice, 5 fl. dr. As the last. 20 gr. of citric acid may be used instead of the lemon juice.
=Draught, Col'chicum.= See DRAUGHT ANTI-ARTHRITIC.
=Draught, Copai'ba.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS COPAIBÆ, L. _Prep._ (St. B. Hosp.) Balsam of copaiba, 1/2 fl. dr.; mucilage (thick), 4 fl. dr.; pimento water, 3 fl. dr.; water, 5 fl. dr. In gonorrh[oe]a, &c.
=Draught, Cough.= See MIXTURE.
=Draught, Diaphoret'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS DIAPHORETICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Collier.) Infusion of serpentary, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; tincture of serpentary, 1 fl. dr. Tonic and diaphoretic.
2. (Thomson.) Sesquicarbonate of potassa, 20 gr.; fresh lemon juice, 4 fl. dr.; tartrate of antimony, 1/6 gr.; water, 11 fl. dr.; syrup of poppies, 1 fl. dr. Antifebrile and diaphoretic.
3. (Thomson.) Liquor of acetate of ammonia, 6 fl. dr.; camphor mixture, 10 fl. dr.; nitrate of potassa, 10 gr.; syrup of tolu, 1/2 fl. oz. Anodyne and diaphoretic. All the above are used in inflammatory affections.
=Draught, Din'ner.= _Syn._ APPETITE DRAUGHT; HAUSTUS DICTUS ANTE CIBUM. _Prep._ 1. Tinctures of cascarilla, hops, and rhubarb, of each 1 fl. dr.; spirit of sal-volatile, 1/2 fl. dr.; tincture of capsicum, 20 drops; syrup of orange peel, 2 dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.
2. Compound tincture of gentian, 1/2 fl. oz.; sal-volatile, 1/2 a teaspoonful; cinnamon water, 1 fl. oz.; compound tincture of cardamoms, 1 teaspoonful. Either of the above to be taken an hour before a meal.
=Draught, Diuret'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS DIURETICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Collier.) Tincture of jalap, 2 fl. dr.; vinegar of squills, 1 fl. dr.; peppermint water, 10 fl. dr.; mix.
2. (Copland.) Acetate of potassa, 1/2 dr.; infusion of quassia and cinnamon water, of each 6 fl. dr.; vinegar of squills and sweet spirits of nitre, of each 1/2 fl. dr.
3. (Thomson.) Nitre, 8 gr.; tincture of digitalis, 16 drops; infusion of roses, 13 fl. dr.; syrup of roses, 1 fl. dr.
4. (Turner.) Nitre and powdered gum, of each 15 gr.; almond mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz. The above are used as diuretics in dropsy; the last, also in scurvy, and in the incontinence of urine of children.
=Draught, Donovan's.= _Syn._ DRAUGHT OF HYDRIODATE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY; HAUSTUS HYDRIODATIS ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI, L. _Prep._ (Donovan.) Liquor of hydriodate of arsenic and mercury (Donovan's), 2 fl. dr.; distilled water, 3-1/2 fl. oz.; syrup of ginger, 1/2 fl. oz.; mix for 4 draughts. One, night and morning; in lepra, lupus, psoriasis, and some other obstinate cutaneous affections. It must not be allowed to touch anything metallic.
=Draught, Efferves'cing.= _Prep._ (Lond. Hosp.) Sesquicarbonate of soda, 30 gr.; water, or peppermint water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; syrup of orange peel, 2 fl. dr.; tincture of calumba, 1/2 fl. dr.; tartaric or citric acid, 25 gr.; add the acid last, and drink whilst effervescing. Stomachic, tonic, and anti-emetic; in acidity, dyspepsia, &c. (See _antè_.)
=Draught, Emet'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS EMETICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. Sulphate of zinc, 15 gr. to 30 gr.; water, 9 fl. dr.; dissolve. In cases of poisoning, and at the commencement of an attack of ague.
2. (Copland.) Ipecacuanha, 30 gr.; sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 20 gr.; tincture of capsicum, 30 drops; oil of chamomile, 10 drops; mint water, 2 fl. oz. As a stimulant emetic in cases of poisoning by laudanum or other narcotics.
3. (Guy's Hosp.) Antimonial wine, 2 fl. dr.; ipecacuanha wine, 6 fl. dr.; water, 4 fl. dr. For unloading the stomach in ordinary cases.
4. (Mid. Hosp.) Tartar emetic, 1 gr.; ipecacuanha, 20 gr.; syrup, 2 fl. dr.; water, 10 fl. dr. As the last.
5. (Dr Pickford.) Sulphate of zinc, 20 gr.; sulphate of magnesia, 4 dr.; water, 1-3/4 oz. When it is also desired to act rapidly on the bowels.
6. (Rodier.) Sulphate of copper, 10 gr.; water, 2 fl. oz. In poisoning by laudanum.
7. (Sprague.) Ipecacuanha, 30 gr.; sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 20 gr.; tincture of capsicum, 1 fl. dr.; peppermint water, 3 fl. oz. In poisoning by narcotics.
8. (A. T. Thomson.) Ipecacuanha, 20 gr,; ipecacuanha wine, 2 fl. dr.; water, 10 fl. dr. For unloading the stomach, in ordinary cases.
9. (Trousseau.) Ipecacuanha, 8 gr.; syrup of ipecacuanha, 1 fl. oz.; water, q. s. for 4 draughts. One every 10 minutes, until vomiting occurs.
=Draught, E'ther.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS ÆTHEREUS, L. _Prep._ (Neligan.) Sulphuric ether, 1 fl. dr.; spermaceti, 3 gr.; rub together (expertly), and add of peppermint water, 10 fl. dr. An excellent stimulant and antispasmodic, febrile symptoms being absent.
=Draught, Expec'torant.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS EXPECTORANS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Collier.) Mixtures of ammoniacum and almonds, of each 6 fl. dr.; tincture of squills, 12 drops. In hoarseness, chronic coughs, &c.
=Draught, Hen'bane.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS HYOSCYAMI, L. _Prep._ 1. Tincture of henbane, 30 to 60 drops; syrup of saffron, 1 fl. dr.; water, 10 fl. dr. Anodyne and soporific. Used to allay nervous excitement, and induce sleep, when laudanum is inadmissible.
2. (HENBANE AND SQUILLS D.; HAUSTUS HYOSCYAMI CUM SCILLÂ, L.--Dr Bree.) Extract of henbane, 3 gr.; tincture of squills, 10 drops; dilute nitric acid, 6 drops; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz. Anodyne and expectorant; in asthmas, chronic coughs, &c.
=Draught, Hydrocyan'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS HYDROCYANICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Donovan.) Cyanide of potassium, 1 gr.; syrup of lemons, 1/2 fl. oz.; distilled water, 7-1/2 fl. oz. For 8 draughts. One for a dose.
2. (Dr S. Dickson.) Medicinal Hydrocyanic acid (L.), 15 drops; liquor of ammonia, 20 drops; syrup of orange flowers (or simple syrup), 3 fl. dr.; water, 8-1/2 fl. oz.; mix, and divide into 6 draughts. One--2 or 3 times a day; in gastrodynia, and all those nameless nervous and hysterical affections arising from excessive irritability, mental anxiety, &c. In a case that came under our notice, in which life was an absolute burden to the patient, relief was afforded by the first draught, and 4 or 5 effected a comparative cure, although almost every other remedy had been tried in vain.
=Draught, Laennec's.= _Syn._ LAENNEC'S CONTRA-STIMULANT DRAUGHT; HAUSTUS CONTRASTIMULANS, L. _Prep._ From tartar emetic, 2 grs.; syrup of poppies, 2 fl. drs.; orange-flower water, 1-1/2 fl. oz. Every two hours in pneumonia, &c.
=Draught, Lax'ative.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS LAXANS, L. _Prep._ 1. See DRAUGHTS, APERIENT.
2. (Dr Copeland.) Infusion of senna and compound infusion of gentian, of each 6 fl. dr.; sulphate of potassa, 20 to 30 gr.; extract of taraxacum, 30 to 40 gr.; compound tincture of cardamoms, 1-1/2 fl. dr. Aperient, stomachic, and alterative.
=Draught, Mor'phia.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS MORPHIÆ, L. _Prep._ (Brera.) Morphia, 1/4 gr.; syrup of poppies, 1 fl. dr.; water, 11 fl. dr. Two or three drops of acetic acid may be advantageously added. At bed-time, as a soporific.
=Draught, Narcot'ic.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS NARCOTICUS, H. OPIATUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (St. B. Hosp.) Laudanum, 12 to 20 drops; syrup of red poppies, 1 fl. dr.; pimento water, 3 fl. dr; water, 1 fl. oz. To induce sleep in slight cases, when fever is absent.
2. (A. T. Thomson.) Camphor mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; laudanum, 35 drops; sulphuric ether and syrup of saffron, of each 1 fl. dr. In intermittent headache.
3. (Thomson.) Carbonate of ammonia, 15 gr.; fresh lemon juice, 1/2 fl. oz.; water, 1 fl. oz.; spirit of nutmeg, 1 fl. dr.; syrup of orange peel, 1/2 fl. dr.; tincture of hemlock, 10 drops. In diseases of increased irritability.
4. (Thomson.) Carbonate of potassa, 20 gr.; fresh lemon juice, 1/2 fl. oz.; peppermint water, 1 fl. oz.; laudanum, 25 drops; syrup of tolu, 1/2 fl. dr. To procure sleep in the majority of diseases. (See _above_.)
=Draught, Nux Vom'ica.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS NUCIS VOMICÆ, L. _Prep._ (Dr Joy.) Nux vomica (in fine powder), 3 gr.; powdered gum, 2 dr; compound tincture of cardamoms, 1 fl. dr.; cinnamon water, 10 fl. dr. Diuretic, narcotic, stimulant, and tonic; in paralysis, impotence, debility, &c., unaccompanied by inflammation of the nervous centres. See STRYCHNINE.
=Draught, Refri''gerant.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS REFRIGERANS, L. _Prep._ 1. Carbonate of potassa, 20 grs.; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; spirit of nutmeg, 1/2 fl. dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.
2. (Thomson.) Nitre, 12 gr.; almond mixture, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; syrup of tolu, 1 fl. oz.
3. (Collier.) Carbonate of potassa, 20 gr.; antimonial wine, 20 drops; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; tincture of orange peel, 1/2 fl. dr.; water, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; mix, and add a large table-spoonful of lemon juice. In inflammatory diseases, &c.
=Draught, Saline'.= See DRAUGHT, EFFERVESCING, &c.
=Draught, Stomach'ic.= See DRAUGHT, DINNER, &c.
=Draught, Ton'ic.= _Syn._ STRENGTHENING DRAUGHT; HAUSTUS TONICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Collier.) Disulphate of quinine, 2 gr.; tincture of orange peel, 1 fl. dr.; diluted sulphuric acid, 5 drops; laudanum, 10 drops; infusion of cascarilla, 1-1/2 fl, oz. In pyrosis, &c., 1 hour before dinner.
2. (A. T. Thomson.) Infusion of yellow bark, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; compound tincture of cinchona, 1 fl. dr.; powdered cinchona, 40 gr.; syrup of orange peel, 1 fl. dr. In intermittents and acute rheumatisms.
3. (Thomson.) Infusion of cascarilla, 1-1/2 fl. oz.; tincture of cascarilla and ginger, of each 1 fl. dr. In dyspepsia, arising from intemperance.
4. (Walton.) Infusion of cascarilla, 9 fl. dr.; tinctures of rhubarb and ginger, of each 1 fl. dr.; syrup of saffron, 1/2 fl. dr.; ammonio-citrate of iron, 6 gr.; tincture of capsicum, 5 drops. In anæmia, and debility accompanied by paleness and relaxation.
=Draught, Ver'mifuge.= _Syn._ HAUSTUS VERMIFUGUS, H. ANTHELMINTHICUS, L. _Prep._ (M. Levacher.) Castor oil, 4 dr.; oil of turpentine, 2 dr.; mint water, 2 fl. oz.; syrup, 1 fl. oz.; powdered gum, 2 dr.; for an emulsion. In tapeworm.
=DRAW'INGS.= Chalk and pencil drawings may be fixed so as not to suffer from slight abrasion, by washing them with skimmed milk, or with water holding in solution a little isinglass or gum. When the first is used, great care must be taken to deprive it of the whole of the cream, as the latter substance would cause the drawing to look streaky. An easy way of applying these fluids is to pour them into a shallow vessel, and to lay the drawing flat upon the surface of the liquid; after which it should be gently removed and placed on white blotting paper, in an inclined position, to drain and dry.
=DRENCHES.= _Syn._ DRINKS. In _veterinary practice_, these terms are applied to liquid medicines or mixtures which are administered to horses and neat cattle, and chiefly to the latter. A drench for a HORSE should not be less than half a pint, nor more than a quart; about a pint is, perhaps, the best quantity; that for a COW or OX should measure about a quart, and not more than about 5 half pints. See VETERINARY MEDICINE.
=DRES'SING.= In the _industrial arts_, a preparation of gum, starch, size, &c., employed in stiffening or "finishing off" textile fabrics and paper. In _surgery_, the term is appropriated to any application to a wound or sore, made by means of lint, linen, or leather. SIMPLE DRESSING is simple cerate or spermaceti cerate. Among _cooks_, the stuffing of fowls, pork, veal, &c., is commonly called 'dressing.'
=DRIERS.= Driers are substances employed to facilitate the drying of paints. The driers most commonly employed are sugar of lead, litharge, and white copperas. Either of these when well ground, and mixed in small proportion with paints, very materially hastens their drying. Indeed, some colours will not dry without them. Red lead is also well adapted for a drying agent, and in cases where its colour does not preclude it, is much used. The best drier is sugar of lead. Its cost, however, is somewhat higher than that of the other driers. It is important to bear in mind that in the finishing coats of delicate colours driers are not generally had recourse to, as they have a slight tendency to injure the colour. A drying property may be imparted to linseed oil by boiling it with drying substances; it then becomes a very useful vehicle for some purposes. See OILS, DRYING.
=DRIFFIELD OILS.=--For the prevention of gangrene and for healing incised and other wounds, bruises, sprains, swellings, and external inflammations. A dusky brownish-green clear oil, consisting of olive oil, digested with wormwood, savin, and arnica, and afterwards perfumed with a mixture of oils of rosemary, thyme, and juniper, 1 pint (474 grammes). (Hager.)
=DRINKS (Summer).= See BEER, GINGER, LEMONADE, SHERBET, &c.
=DRINK, CORDIAL= (Dr Cherwy). A herbal lemonade to heal all chronic and scrofulous diseases. It contains 115 grammes water, 15 grammes spirit, 2 grammes potassium iodide, 5 grammes bitter almond water, 10 grammes sugar, and 3 grammes burnt sugar. (Hager.)
=DRIPPING TO CLARIFY.= Put the dripping into a stewpan over the fire, and let it boil, and as it does so, skim it carefully. When it boils pour it into a basin, in which you have previously put a little cold water. It must stand till cold. It is then to be taken out of the water. The dripping will now be in the form of a cake, at the bottom of which will be found adhering little pieces of meat, skin, &c. These must be scraped off, and the dripping will have been purified. Another method is to mix boiling water with the dripping, to stir well, let it get cold, and then to take it out and scrape it as above.
=DROP.= See MEASURES.
=DROPS, CHOLERA--CHOLERATROPFEN= (A. Bastler, Vienna). Oils of anise, cajeput, and juniper berries, of each 20 parts; spirit of ether, 60 parts; tincture of cinnamon, 120 parts; Haller's acid elixir, 5 parts.--_Dose_, 30 to 50 drops. (Wittstein.)
=DROPS (Confectionery).= These are confections of which the principal basis is sugar. They differ from lozenges chiefly in the ingredients being combined by the aid of heat. Occasionally they are medicated.
_Prep._ Double refined sugar is reduced to powder, and passed through a hair sieve (not too fine), and afterwards through a gauze sieve, to take out the fine dust, which would destroy the beauty of the drop. It is then put into a clean pan, and moistened with any favorite aromatic, as rose or orange-flower water, added slowly, stirring it with a paddle all the time, from which the sugar will fall as soon as it is moist enough, without sticking. The colouring (if any) is next added, in the liquid state, or in very fine powder. A small, polished copper, or tinned-copper pan, furnished with a lip, is now one half or three parts filled with the paste, and placed over the fire, or over the hole of a stove, or preferably on a sand bath, and the mixture stirred with a little bone or glass spatula until it becomes liquid. As soon as it almost boils, it is taken from the fire, and if it is too moist, a little more powdered sugar is added, and the whole stirred, until it is of such a consistence as to run without too much extension. A tin plate, very clean and smooth, and very slightly oiled, being now ready, the pan is taken in the left hand, and a bit of bright iron, copper, or silver wire, about 4 inches long, in the right. The melted sugar is next allowed to fall regularly on the tin plate, the wire being used to remove the drop from the lip of the pan. In two or three hours afterwards the drops are taken off with the blade of a knife, and are at once put into bottles or tins. On the large scale, 'confectionery drops' are moulded by a machine consisting essentially of two metal rollers covered with hollows. A sheet of the warm and soft composition, on being passed between the rollers, is at once converted into a batch of symmetrical drops, the upper and lower halves being moulded by the corresponding hollows of the upper and lower rollers. See CANDYING, CONFECTION, ESSENCE, STAINS (Confectioner's), SUGAR PLUMS.
The following are a few of the principal confectionery drops kept in the shops:--
=Drops, Acid'ulated.= _Syn._ ACID DROPS. _Prep._ Tartaric acid, 1/2 oz., dissolved in a very little water, is added to each lb. of sugar, as above; with essence of lemon, orange, or jargonelle pear, to flavour, as desired.
=Drops, Chocolate.= _Prep._ Chocolate, 1 oz., is reduced to fine powder by scraping, and added to powdered white sugar, 1 lb.; when the mixture is made into drops, as above, care being taken to avoid heating it a second time.
=Drops, Cof'fee.= _Prep._ A clarified, concentrated infusion of coffee, 1 oz., is used for each lb. of sugar.
=Drops, Fruit.= These are prepared according to the general description. (See _above_.) The flavouring essences (volatile oils or essences of lemon, orange, citron, raspberry, jargonelle pear, &c.) not being added until the sugar is melted, to avoid, as much as possible, loss by evaporation. The colouring matter may be any of the transparent 'stains' usually employed for cakes, jellies, and confectionery. In this way are made the majority of the first-class fruit drops and bon-bons of the sugar-bakers. In some cases the plan is varied by adding the clarified concentrated juice, or jelly of the fruit to the sugar. One variety of raspberry and currant (red and black) drops are made in this way.
=Drops, Ginger.= _Prep._ From essence or tincture of ginger, as above. An inferior kind is made in the way described under CANDY, GINGER.
=Drops, Jargonelle'.= Fruit drops flavoured with essence of jargonelle pear (SOLUTION OF ACETATE of AMYLE).
=Drops, Lem'on.= Acidulated drops flavoured with essence of lemon. They are usually stained with an infusion of turmeric. (See _above_.)
=Drops, Pep'permint.= From the whitest refined sugar, flavoured with English oil of peppermint or its spirituous solution (essence of peppermint), or with peppermint water.
=Drops, Rasp'berry.= See DROPS, FRUIT (_above._)