Chapter 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Danny's Own Story. 1912. Dreams and Dust. 1915. (Poems.) The Cruise of the Jasper B. 1916. *Hermione and her Little Group of Serious Thinkers. (Satire.) 1916. *Prefaces. 1919. Carter and Other People. 1921. Noah an' Jonah an' Cap'n John Smith. 1921. The Old Soak, and Hail and Farewell. 1921. Poems and Portraits. 1922. Sonnets to a Red-Haired Lady and Famous Love Affairs. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 84 ('17): Sept., p. 18 (portrait). Bookm. 42 ('15): 365 (portrait), 460. Cur. Op. 67 ('19): 119. Everybody's, 42 ('20): Jan., p. 29 (portrait). Outlook, 124 ('20): 289; 126 ('20): 100. (Portraits.)

+Edward Sandford Martin+--satirist, man of letters.

Born at Owasco, New York, 1856. A.B., Harvard, 1877. Honorary higher degrees. Admitted to the Rochester bar, 1884. Editorial writer for _Life_ nearly thirty years, for _Harper's Weekly_ about fifteen years, and for other periodicals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sly Ballades in Harvard China. 1882. *A Little Brother of the Rich. 1890. (Verses.) Pirated Poems. 1890. *Windfalls of Observation. 1893. Cousin Anthony and I. 1895. Lucid Intervals. 1900. Poems and Verses. 1902. The Luxury of Children, and Other Luxuries. 1904. The Courtship of a Careful Man. 1905. In a New Century. 1908. Reflections of a Beginning Husband. 1913. The Unrest of Women. 1913. The Diary of a Nation. 1917.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 71 ('11): 728 (portrait). Bookm. 28 ('08): 301 (portrait), 324. Critic, 42 ('03): 233 (portrait). Harp. W. 48 ('04): 1995 (portrait). Outlook, 90 ('08): 707 (portrait).

+George Madden Martin (Mrs. Attwood R. Martin)+--story writer.

Born at Louisville, Kentucky, 1866. Educated in the Louisville public schools, finishing at home on account of ill health. Made her reputation by her study of a little Kentucky girl in _Emmy Lou--Her Book and Heart_, 1902. For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Outlook, 78 ('04): 287 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1920.

+Helen Reimensnyder Martin+ (Pennsylvania, 1868)--novelist.

Writes about the Pennsylvania Dutch. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Edgar Lee Masters+--poet.

Born at Garnett, Kansas, 1868, but brought up in Illinois. His schooling was desultory, but he read widely. Studied one year at Knox College; learned Greek, which influenced him strongly.

Studied law in his father's office at Lewiston, and practiced there for a year. Then went to Chicago where he became a successful attorney and also took an active part in politics.

Mr. Masters' fame was established by the _Spoon River Anthology_, which was suggested by _The Greek Anthology_. With this Mr. Masters had become familiar as early as 1909, through Mr. William Marion Reedy. _The Spoon River Anthology_ first appeared in _Reedy's Mirror_, under the significant pseudonym, "Webster Ford."

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Begin with _The Spoon River Anthology_. (Cf. the preface to _Toward the Gulf_.) How much does it owe to its model? to other literary sources? to the central Illinois environment in which the author grew up? What are its most conspicuous merits and defects? How do you explain each?

2. Test the sketches by your own experience of small town life. Which seem to you truest to individual character and most universal in type?

3. Compare similar sketches of personalities by Edwin Arlington Robinson, which Mr. Masters had not read until after his book was published.

4. Consider how far Mr. Masters has achieved his avowed purpose "to analyze society, to satirise society, to tell a story, to expose the machinery of life, to present a working model of the big world"; to create beauty, and to depict "our sorrows and hopes, our religious failures, successes and visions, our poor little lives, rounded by a sleep, in language and figures emotionally tuned to bring all of us closer together in understanding and affection."

5. How do you explain the sudden popularity of the _Anthology_? What are its chances of becoming a classic?

6. Read one of Mr. Masters' later volumes and compare it with the _Anthology_ as to merits and defects.

7. Mr. Masters has always been a great reader. Trace, as far as you can, the influence of the following authors: Homer; the Bible; Poe; Keats; Shelley; Swinburne; Browning.

8. Draw parallels between his work and the work of (1) Edwin Arlington Robinson, q.v., (2) of Robert Frost, q.v., (3) of Vachel Lindsay, q.v., and (4) of Carl Sandburg, q.v.

9. An interesting study might be made of the effects of Mr. Masters' legal training upon his poetry.

10. Compare _Children of the Market Place_ with the _Anthology_ or _Domesday Book_. Is Mr. Masters more successful as poet or as novelist?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Book of Verses. 1898. Maximilian. 1902. (Drama in blank verse.) The New Star Chamber and Other Essays. 1904. Blood of the Prophets. 1905. Althea. 1907. (Play.) The Trifler. 1908. (Play.) *The Spoon River Anthology. 1915. Songs and Satires. 1916. The Great Valley. 1916. Toward the Gulf. 1918. Starved Rock. 1919. Domesday Book. 1920. Mitch Miller. 1920. (Boy's story.) The Open Sea. 1921. Children of the Market Place. 1922. (Novel.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton. Lowell. Untermeyer.

Ath. 1916, 2: 323, 520. Bookm. 41 ('15): 355, 432; 44 ('16): 264 (Kilmer); 47 ('18): 262. (Phelps.) Bookm. (Lond.) 49 ('16): 187; 52 ('17): 153. Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 11. Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 356; 60 ('16): 127. Dial, 60 ('16): 415, 498; 61 ('16): 528. Forum, 55 ('16): 109, 118, 121. Ind. 88 ('16): 533 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 52 ('16): 564 (portrait). Lond. Times, Apr. 13, 1917: 173; May 19, 1921: 318. New Repub. 20 ('19): supp. 10. New Statesman, 6 ('16): 332; 7 ('16): 593. Poetry, 6 ('15): 145; 8 ('16): 148; 9 ('17): 202; 12 ('18): 150; 16 ('20): 151. R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 758 (portrait). So. Atlan. Q. 16 ('17): 155. Touchstone, 3 ('18): 172.

+(James) Brander Matthews+--critic, man of letters.

Born at New Orleans, 1852. A.B., Columbia, 1871, LL.B., 1873, A.M., 1874. Many honorary higher degrees. Admitted to the bar in 1873, but took up writing. Professor at Columbia since 1892.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Theatres of Paris. 1880. French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century. 1881. In Partnership; Studies in Story-Telling. 1884. (With H.C. Bunner.) With My Friends; Tales Told in Partnership. 1891. The Story of a Story and Other Stories. 1893. Studies of the Stage. 1894. Vignettes of Manhattan. 1894. Aspects of Fiction. 1896. Outlines in Local Color. 1898. The Historical Novel. 1901. The Philosophy of the Short Story. 1901. A Study of the Drama. 1910. Vistas of New York. 1912. A Book about the Theatre. 1916. These Many Years. Recollections of a New Yorker. 1917. The Principles of Playmaking. 1919. Essays on English. 1921.

For complete bibliography, cf. _Who's Who in America_ and _Cambridge_, III (IV), 771.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey.

Bk. Buyer, 22 ('21): 15 (portrait). Bookm. 31 ('10): 117. Forum, 39 ('08): 377. Ind. 69 ('10): 1085 (portrait). Internat. Q. 4 ('01): 289. Outlook, 78 ('04): 879 (portrait); 102 ('12): 645 (portrait), 649; 117 ('17): 640. (Lyman Abbott.) Putnam's, 1 ('07): 708 (portrait). Spec. 106 ('11): 969; 114 ('15): 686.

+H(enry) L(ouis) Mencken+--critic, man of letters.

Born at Baltimore, Maryland, 1880, of German ancestry. Graduate of Baltimore Polytechnic, 1896. On the Baltimore _Herald_, 1903-5, and _Baltimore Sun_, 1906-17. Became literary critic for _The Smart Set_, 1908, and (with George Jean Nathan), editor, 1914--. War correspondent in Germany and Russia, 1917. Much interested in music.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ventures Into Verse. 1903. George Bernard Shaw, His Plays. 1905. The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. 1908. Men vs. the Man. 1910. (With R.R. LaMonte.) The Artist. 1912. Europe After 8:15. 1914. (With George Jean Nathan, q.v., and Willard Huntingdon Wright.) A Book of Burlesques. 1916. A Little Book in C Major. 1916. A Book of Prefaces. 1917. In Defense of Women. 1918. Damn: a Book of Calumny. 1918. The American Language. 1919. (Revised ed., 1922.) Prejudices: First Series. 1919. The American Credo; a Contribution toward the Interpretation of the National Mind. 1920. (With George Jean Nathan, q.v.) Prejudices: Second Series. 1920. Heliogabalus, a Buffoonery in Three Acts. 1920. (With George Jean Nathan, q.v.) Prejudices: Third Series.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Hatteras, O.A.J. Pistols for Two. 1917. Rascoe, Burton, and Others (Vincent O'Sullivan, q.v., and F.C. Henderson). H.L. Mencken. Brief Appreciations and a Bibliography. 1920.

Ath. 1920, 1: 10. Bookm. 41 ('15): 46 (portrait), 56; 53 ('21): 79; 54 ('22): 551 (portrait). Cur. Op. 66 ('19): 391 (portrait); 71 ('21): 360. Dial, 68 ('20): 267. Freeman, 1 ('20): 88. Liv. Age, 303 ('19): 798. New Repub. 21 ('20): 239; 26 ('21): 191; 27 ('21): 10. Little Review, 5 ('18): Jan., p. 10. New Statesman, 14 ('20): 748.

+George Middleton+--dramatist.

Born at Paterson, New Jersey, 1880. A.B., Columbia, 1902. Married Fola La Follette, 1911. Literary editor of _La Follette's Weekly_, 1912--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*Embers; with The Failures, The Gargoyle, In His House, Madonna, The Man Masterful: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1911. Tradition, with On Bail, Their Wife, Waiting, The Cheat of Pity, and Mothers: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life, 1913. Nowadays; a Contemporaneous Comedy. 1914. Criminals; a One-Act Play about Marriage. 1915. Back of the Ballot; a Woman Suffrage Farce in One Act. 1915. Possession, with The Groove, The Unborn, Circles, A Good Woman, The Black-Tie: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1915. The Road Together; a Contemporaneous Drama in Four Acts. 1916. Masks, Jim's Beast, Tides, Among the Lions, The Reason, The House: One-Act Plays of Contemporary Life. 1920. (With Guy Bolton.)

For bibliography of unpublished work, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20): 472. Cur. Op. 56 ('14): 376 (portrait); 68 ('20): 783 (portrait). Freeman, 1 ('20): 449. Nation, 110 ('20): 693. New Repub. 24 ('20): 26. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913-6, 1920.

+Lloyd Mifflin+--poet.

Born at Columbia, Pennsylvania, 1846. Son of an artist. Educated at Washington Classical Institute and by tutors. Studied art with his father and in Germany and Italy. Began as a painter, but later turned to poetry. Is best known for his sonnets, the form in which most of his poetry is written. These may be studied in his _Collected Sonnets_, 1905 (revised edition, 1907), although several volumes have been published since then.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cur. Lit. 39 ('05): 106 (portrait). Dial, 40 ('06): 125; 47 ('09): 100. Nation, 81 ('05): 17, 508. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1905.

+Edna St. Vincent Millay+--poet, dramatist.

Born at Rockland, Maine, 1892. A.B., Vassar, 1917. Connected with the Provincetown players both as dramatist and as actress.

Miss Millay's first poem, "Renascence," was published in _The Lyric Year_, 1912.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. The poems need to be read aloud to give the full effect of their passion and lyric beauty.

2. Compare Miss Millay's naïveté with that of Blake. Do you find suggestions of philosophy behind it or sheer emotion?

3. Does Miss Millay's later work show growth toward greatness or toward sophisticated cleverness?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Renascence and other Poems. 1917. A Few Figs from Thistles: Poems and Four Sonnets. 1920. Aria da Capo. 1920. (Play; published in _The Monthly Chapbook_, 1920.) Second April. 1921. The Lamp and the Bell. 1921. (Play.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Freeman, 1 ('20): 307; 4 ('21): 189. Poetry, 13 ('18): 167; 19 ('21): 151. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+Enos A(bijah) Mills+--Nature writer.

Born near Kansas City, Kansas, 1870. Self-educated. Worked on a ranch fourteen years. Foreman in a mine. Went to the Rocky Mountains early in life. Built a home on Long's Peak, Colorado, 1886. Has explored the Rocky Mountains extensively, alone, on foot, and without firearms. Colorado "snow observer" for Government, 1907, 1908.

Mr. Mills has done valuable work for the protection of wild animals and flowers and for the establishment of national parks. His work belongs with that of Thoreau, Burroughs, and Muir (by whom he was influenced to continue it) for its freshly observed Nature content.

Among his best-known books are, perhaps, _The Story of a Thousand Year Pine_, 1914, and _The Story of Scotch_, 1916 (dog story).

For complete bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 51 ('20): 103. Lit. Digest, 55 ('17): July 14, p. 44. Sunset, 38 ('17): 40 (portrait).

+Philip Moeller+--dramatist.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Helena's Husband. 1916. Madame Sand; a Biographical Comedy. 1917. Five Somewhat Historical Plays. 1918. (Helena's Husband; A Road-house in Arden; Sisters of Susannah; The Little Supper; Pokey.) (Burlesques.) Two Blind Beggars and One Less Blind; a Tragic Comedy in One Act. 1918. Molière; a Romantic Play in Three Acts. 1919. Sophie, a Comedy. 1919. (Prologue by Carl Van Vechten.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

See _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1920.

+Harriet Monroe+ (Illinois)--critic, poet.

Editor of _Poetry_, 1912--. Compiler of _The New Poetry; an Anthology_ (with Alice Corbin, q.v.), 1917. For bibliography of her poems, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

+Marianne Moore+--poet.

Her reputation was established by her poems in _Others_, 1916, 1917, 1919, and in the _Dial_ and _Poetry_ (_passim_). Her first volume, _Poems_, was published in 1921. Cf. _Poetry_, 20 ('22): 208.

+Paul Elmer More+--critic, man of letters.

Born at St. Louis, 1864. A.B., Washington University, 1887; A.M., 1892; Harvard, 1893. Honorary higher degrees. Taught Sanskrit at Harvard, 1894-5; Sanskrit and classical literature at Bryn Mawr, 1895-7. Literary editor of _The Independent_, 1901-3; _New York Evening Post_, 1903-9. Editor of _The Nation_, 1909-14.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Century of Indian Epigrams; Chiefly from the Sanskrit of Bhartrihari. 1898. The Jessica Letters, an Editor's Romance. 1904. (With Mrs. L.H. Harris.) *Shelburne Essays, (11 volumes.) 1904-21. Nietzsche. 1912. Platonism. 1917. The Religion of Plato. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Pattee.

Acad. 80 ('11): 353. Ath. 1909, 1: 67; 1920, 1: 703. Bookm. (Lond.) 44 ('13): 256; 58 ('20): 207. Critic, 45 ('04): 395 (portrait). Cur. Op. 55 ('13): 126. Ind. 65 ('08): 1337 (portrait). Outlook, 81 ('05): 678. Philos. R. 26 ('17): 409. Putnam's, 1 ('07): 716 (portrait) 752. Review, 2 ('20): 54. R. of Rs. 60 ('19): 190 (portrait). Sat. Rev. 132 ('21): 323. Sewanee R. 26 ('18): 63. Spec. 116 ('16): 632; 125 ('20): 113.

+Christopher (Darlington) Morley+--essayist, poet.

Born at Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1890. A.B., Haverford College, 1910. Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, 1910-13. Editorial staff Doubleday, Page and Company, 1913-17; _Ladies Home Journal_, 1917-18; _Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger_, 1918-20. In 1920, began his column, "The Bowling Green" in the _New York Evening Post_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Eighth Sin. 1912. Parnassus on Wheels. 1917. Songs for a Little House. 1917. Shandygaff. 1918. The Rocking Horse. 1919. The Haunted Book Shop. 1919. In the Sweet Dry and Dry. 1919. (+With Bart Haley.+) Mince Pie. 1919. Travels in Philadelphia. 1920. Kathleen. 1920. Hide and Seek. 1920. (Poems.) Chimneysmoke. 1921. Modern Essays. 1921. (Compilation.) Plum Pudding. 1921. Tales from a Roll-Top Desk. 1921. Where the Blue Begins. 1922. Thursday Evening. 1922. (Play.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 46 ('18): 657 (portrait). Everybody's 42 ('20): Feb., p. 29 (portrait). Ind. 94 ('18): 412 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 63 ('19): Oct. 18, p. 27=Liv. Age, 303 ('19): 170. Outlook, 124 ('20): 202 (portrait).

+George Jean Nathan+--critic, man of letters.

Born at Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1882. A.B., Cornell, 1904. On editorial staff of the _New York Herald_, 1904-6. On the staffs of various magazines, including _Harper's Weekly_, the _Associated Sunday Magazine_, and the _Smart Set_, usually as dramatic critic, 1906-14. With James Huneker (q.v.) dramatic critic for _Puck_, 1915-6. Dramatic critic for the National Syndicate of Newspapers since 1912. Editor since 1914 of _The Smart Set_ (with H.L. Mencken, q.v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Europe After 8:15. 1914. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v., and Willard Huntingdon Wright.) Another Book on the Theatre. 1916. Bottoms Up. 1917. Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents. 1917. A Book Without a Title. 1918. The Popular Theatre. 1918. Comedians All. 1919. Heliogabalus. 1920. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v.) The American Credo. 1920. (With H.L. Mencken, q.v.). The Theatre, the Drama, the Girls. 1921. The Critic and the Drama. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Hatteras, O.A.J. Pistols for Two. 1917.

Bookm. 43 ('16): 282 (portrait only); 53 ('21): 163. Cur. Op. 63 ('17): 95 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920.

+Robert Nathan+--novelist.

Author of: Peter Kindred. 1919. Autumn. 1921.

Cf. _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+John G(neisenau) Neihardt+--poet.

Born at Sharpsburg, Illinois, 1881. Finished scientific course at Nebraska Normal College, 1897; Litt. D., University of Nebraska, 1917. Lived among the Omaha Indians, 1901-7, studying them and their folk lore. Has worked many years on an American epic cycle of pioneer life. Shared with Gladys Cromwell (q.v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America, 1919.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Bundle of Myrrh. 1907. Man-Song. 1909. The River and I. 1910. The Dawn-Builder. 1911. The Stranger at the Gate. 1912. The Death of Agrippina. 1913. (Also in _Poetry_, 2 ['13]:33.) Life's Lure. 1914. The Song of Hugh Glass. 1915. The Quest. 1916. (Collected lyrics.) *The Song of Three Friends. 1919. The Splendid Wayfaring. 1920. The Two Mothers. 1921. (Eight Hundred Rubles; Agrippina.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

House, J.T. John G. Neihardt: Man and Poet. 1920.

Bookm. 47 ('18): 395; 49 ('19): 496. Lit. Digest, 69 ('21): May 14, p. 31 (portrait). Poetry, 7 ('16): 264; 17 ('20): 94. Putnam's, 4 ('08): 473, 506 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1920.

+A(lfred) Edward Newton+--essayist.

Born at Philadelphia, 1863. Educated in private schools. Business man. Collector of first editions of books, especially of the eighteenth century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Amenities of Book-Collecting and Kindred Affections. 1918. A Magnificent Farce, and Other Diversions of a Book-Collector. 1921.

For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1921.

+Meredith Nicholson+--novelist, man of letters.

Born at Crawfordsville, Indiana, 1866. His reputation was founded upon the novel, _The House of a Thousand Candles_, 1905. He has published also several volumes of essays and studies, beginning with _The Hoosiers_ (National Studies in American Letters), 1900. Note among them _The Valley of Democracy_, 1918, a characterization of the Middle West. For bibliography, cf. _Who's Who In America_.

+Charles Gilman Norris+--novelist.

Brother of Frank Norris, the novelist. Married Kathleen Thompson (cf. Kathleen Norris).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Amateur. Salt: The Education of Griffith Adams. 1918. Brass. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 47 ('18): 679. New Repub. 29 ('21): 48. (Lovett.) See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1921.

+Kathleen Norris+--novelist.

Born at San Francisco, 1880. Educated privately. Had experience as business woman. Married Charles Gilman Norris (q.v.), 1909.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mother. 1911. The Rich Mrs. Burgoyne. 1912. *"Saturday's Child." 1914. The Story of Julia Page. 1915. The Heart of Rachael. 1916. Martie, the Unconquered. 1917. The Beloved Woman. 1921. Lucretia Lombard. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 34 ('11): 437 (portrait); 37 ('13): 109 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1911, 1913-7.

+Grace Fallow Norton+--poet.

Born at Northfield, Minnesota, 1876.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Little Gray Songs from St. Joseph's. 1912. The Sister of the Wind. 1914. Roads. 1916. What is Your Legion? 1916.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Poetry, 5 ('14): 87; 11 ('17): 164. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1912, 1914, 1916.

+Frederick O'Brien+--travel writer.

Mr. O'Brien's account of his experiences in the Marquesas Islands created a literary fashion for the South Sea Islands.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

White Shadows in the South Seas. 1919. Mystic Isles of the South Seas. 1921.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+Eugene Gladstone O'Neill+--dramatist.

Born in New York City, 1888. Son of the actor, James O'Neill. Studied at Princeton, 1906-7. Much of the material used in his plays seems to be drawn from or based upon his adventurous experiences between 1907 and 1914. Actor and newspaper reporter. Spent two years at sea. In 1909, is said to have gone on a gold-prospecting expedition in Spanish Honduras (cf. _Gold_). Lived in the Argentine. Threatened tuberculosis gave him his first leisure (cf. _The Straw_). In 1914-5, he studied dramatization at Harvard. In 1918, when he married, he went to live in a deserted life-saving station near Provincetown. Associated with the Provincetown Players. In 1920, his _Beyond the Horizon_ was given the Pulitzer Prize.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. What effect has Mr. O'Neill's life experience had upon the quality of his plays?

2. What evidence of originality do you find in his (1) themes, (2) background, and (3) technique?

3. Consider the influence of Joseph Conrad (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Literature_) upon O'Neill. Read especially _The Nigger of the "Narcissus."_

4. How has Mr. O'Neill been influenced by the plays of John Millington Synge?

5. What do you make of the fact that Mr. O'Neill has struck out in various directions instead of working a particular vein?

6. What reasons do you find for the common opinion that he is our most promising dramatist? What limitations or weaknesses do you think may interfere with his development? Do you think he will become a great dramatist?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Thirst, and Other One-Act Plays. 1914. (The Web, Warnings, Fog, Recklessness.) Before Breakfast. 1916. The Moon of the Caribbees, and Other Plays of the Sea. 1919. (Bound East for Cardiff; The Long Voyage Home; In the Zone; Ile; Where the Cross is Made; The Rope.) *Chris Christopherson. 1919. (Produced as Anna Christie, quoted with illustrations, Cur. Op. 72 ['22]: 57.) *Beyond the Horizon. 1920. Gold. 1920. The Emperor Jones; Diff'rent; The Straw. 1921. The Hairy Ape; Anna Christie; The First Man. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 53 ('21): 511; 54 ('22): 463. Century, 103 ('22): 351 (portrait). Cur. Op. 65 ('18): 159 (portrait); 68 ('20): 339. Everybody's, 43 ('20): July, p. 49 (portrait). Freeman, 1 ('20): 44. Ind. 105 ('21): 158 (portrait). Nation, 113 ('21): 626. New Repub. 25 ('21): 173. Theatre Arts M. 4 ('20): 286; 5 ('21): 174 (portrait only).

+James Oppenheim+--novelist, short-story writer, poet.

Born at St. Paul, Minnesota, 1882. Two years later his family moved to New York, where he has lived ever since. Special student at Columbia, 1901-3. Has done settlement work, as assistant head worker of the Hudson Guild Settlement. Superintendent of the Hebrew Technical School for Girls, 1904-7. In 1916-7 edited the magazine, _The Seven Arts_ (cf. _Poetry_, 9 ['16-'17]: 214).

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING