Chapter 10

1. The following influences have entered largely into Oppenheim's work: Whitman, the Bible, and the theories of psycho-analysis developed by Freud and Jung. Without considering these, no fair estimate of the value of his work can be reached.

2. In what respects does his poetry reflect the Oriental temperament?

3. What strength do you find in his work? what weakness?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Doctor Rast. 1909. (Short stories.) Monday Morning and Other Poems. 1909. Wild Oats. 1910. (Novel.) The Pioneers. 1910. (Poetic play.) *Pay-Envelopes. 1911. (Short stories.) The Nine-Tenths. 1911. (Novel.) The Olympian: A Story for the City. 1912. Idle Wives. 1914. *Songs for the New Age. 1914. The Beloved. 1915. War and Laughter. 1916. (Poems.) The Book of Self. 1917. (Poems.) Night. 1918. (Poetic drama in one act.) *The Solitary. 1919. (Poems.) The Mystic Warrior. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Acad. 89 ('15): 218. Bookm. 30 ('09): 322 (portrait), 393. Dial, 67 ('19): 301. Ind. 88 ('16): 533 (portrait). Nation, 109 ('19): 441. New Statesman, 6 ('16): 332. Outlook, 102 ('12): 207 (portrait). Poetry, 5 ('14): 88; 11 ('18): 219; 16 ('20): 49; 20 ('22): 216. R. of Rs. 47 ('13): 243 (portrait)

+Vincent O'Sullivan+--novelist.

Of American birth, but has lived many years in England. His work published in the time of the _Yellow Book_ was especially admired by the English critic, Edward Garnett, who maintained that Mr. O'Sullivan should rank high among our writers. American editions of _The Good Girl_ and _Sentiment_ were published in 1917.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Book of Bargains. 1896. (With frontispiece by Aubrey Beardsley.) Poems. 1896. The Houses of Sin. 1897. (Poems.) Green Window. 1899. A Dissertation upon Second Fiddles. 1902. Human Affairs. 1905. The Good Girl. 1912. Sentiment and Other Stories. 1913.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1917.

+Thomas Nelson Page+--novelist, short-story writer.

Born on a Virginia plantation, 1853. Studied a short time at Washington and Lee University. Many higher honorary degrees. Practiced law in Richmond, Virginia, 1875-93. Ambassador to Italy, 1913-9.

Mr. Page is one of the pioneer writers in negro dialects. His first collection of short stories, _In Ole Virginia_, 1887, is his best-known work.

For bibliography, see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 668. For biography and criticism, see Halsey, Harkins, Pattee, Toulmin, and the _Book Review Digest_, especially for 1906, 1909, 1913.

+Josephine Preston Peabody (Mrs. L.S. Marks)+--poet, dramatist.

Born in New York City. Educated at Girls' Latin School, Boston, and at Radcliffe, 1894-6. Instructor in English at Wellesley College, 1901-3. Her play _The Piper_ obtained the Stratford-on-Avon prize in 1910. Died in 1922.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Wayfarers--A Book of Verse. 1898. Fortune and Men's Eyes--New Poems with a Play. 1900. Marlowe, a Drama. 1901. The Singing Leaves. 1903. Pan--A Choric Idyl. 1904. The Wings. 1905. (Play.) The Book of the Little Past. 1908. The Piper. 1909. (Play.) The Singing Man. 1911. (Poems.) The Wolf of Gubbio. 1913. (Play.) Harvest Moon. 1916. (War poems.) The Chameleon. 1917. Portrait of Mrs. W. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Eaton, W.P. Plays and Players, 1916. Moses. Rittenhouse.

Bk. Buyer, 21 ('00): 9 (portrait). Bookm. 32 ('10): 7 (portrait); 47 ('18): 550. Critic, 40 ('02): 14 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 49 ('10): 435 (portrait). New Eng. M. n.s. 33 ('05): 426; 39 ('08): 225 (portrait), 236; 42 ('10): 270 (portrait). Poetry, 9 ('17): 269.

+Bliss Perry+--critic.

Born at Williamstown, Massachusetts, 1860. A.B., Williams, 1881; A.M., 1883. Studied at the universities of Berlin and Strassburg. Honorary higher degrees. Professor of English at Williams College, 1886-93; at Princeton, 1893-1900. Editor of the _Atlantic Monthly_, 1899-1909. Professor of English literature at Harvard, 1907--. Harvard lecturer at University of Paris, 1909-10.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Broughton House. 1890. Salem Kittredge, and Other Stories. 1894. The Plated City. 1895. The Powers at Play. 1899. (Short stories.) A Study of Prose Fiction. 1902. The Amateur Spirit. 1904. Park St. Papers. 1909. The American Mind. 1912. The American Spirit in Literature. 1918. The Study of Poetry. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 12 ('00): 359, 362 (portrait); 36 ('12): 443. Dial, 70 ('21): 347. Lit. W. 30 ('99): 264. Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait); 102 ('12): 648. R. of Rs. 34 ('06): Dec., p. 758; 46 ('12): Dec., p. 749. (Portraits.) Spec. 110 ('13): 809.

+William Lyon Phelps+--critic.

Born at New Haven, Connecticut, 1865. A.B., Yale, 1887; Ph.D. 1891; A.M., Harvard, 1891. Instructor in English literature at Yale, 1892-6, assistant professor of the English language and literature, 1896-1901; Lampson professor since 1901. Deacon in the Baptist Church.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Essays on Modern Novelists. 1910. Essays on Russian Novelists. 1911. Essays on Books. 1914. Browning. 1915. The Advance of the English Novel. 1916. The Advance of English Poetry. 1918. Archibald Marshall. 1918. The Twentieth Century Theatre. 1918. Reading the Bible. 1919. Essays on Modern Dramatists. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 585 (portrait), 587; 31 ('10): 349 (portrait). Ind. 71 ('11): 815 (portrait). Lond. Times, Mar. 17, 1910: 95. Poetry, 14 ('19): 159. R. of Rs. 45 ('12): 103 (portrait).

+David Pinski+--dramatist.

Born in Russia, 1873. Educated at the University of Berlin, 1897-9. Came to the United States, 1899. Studied at Columbia, 1903-4. President of Pinski-Massel Press. President of Jewish National Workers' Alliance. Socialist-Zionist.

His reputation is based principally upon his five volumes of plays and two of stories in Yiddish, but he has also written in English.

BIBLIOGRAPHY (of works in English)

The Treasure. 1916. (Comedy.) Three Plays. 1918. Little Heroes; The Stranger. 1918. (In Goldberg, I., Six Plays of the Yiddish Theatre. Second Series.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cambridge.

See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918-20.

+Edwin Ford Piper+ (Nebraska, 1871)--poet.

Mr. Piper's volume, (_Barbed Wire and Other Poems_, 1917) reflects the prairies of the Middle West.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Poetry, 12 ('18): 276. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1917.

+Ernest Poole+--novelist.

Born at Chicago, 1880. A.B., Princeton, 1902. Lived in University Settlement, New York, 1902-5, studying social conditions, especially in connection with child labor, and in the movement to fight tuberculosis. He helped Upton Sinclair (q.v.) gather stockyards material for _The Jungle_. War correspondent in Germany and France, 1914-5. As a socialist, Mr. Poole also worked for a time in Russia with the revolutionaries.

The familiarity with dockyards and dockmen, which is such a striking feature of _The Harbor_, dates back to Mr. Poole's boyhood.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Voice of the Street. 1906. The Harbor. 1915. His Family. 1917. His Second Wife. 1918. The Village. 1918. "The Dark People," Russia's Crisis. 1918. Blind. 1920. Beggar's Gold. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bookm. 41 ('15): 115 (portrait). Cur. Op. 58 ('15): 266 (portrait). Ind. 94 ('18): 229 (portrait). Mentor, 6 ('18): 7 (portrait). R. of Rs. 51 ('15): 631 (portrait). Unpop. R. 6 ('16): 231. World Today, 18 ('10): 232 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920.

+Ezra (Loomis) Pound+--poet, critic.

Born at Hailey, Idaho, 1885. Of English descent; on his mother's side distantly related to Longfellow. Ph.B., Hamilton College. Fellow of the University of Pennsylvania. Traveled in Spain, in Italy, in Provence, 1906-7; lived in Venice, and finally made his home in England. London editor of _The Little Review_, 1917-9, and foreign correspondent of _Poetry_, 1912-9.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Mr. Pound is an experimenter in verse, who has come under many influences and belonged to many schools. His work should be studied chronologically to discover these changes in interest and relationship. To be noted among the influences are: (1) the mediæval poetry of Provence; (2) the Greek poets; (3) the Latin poets of the Empire; (4) among modern French poets, Laurent Tailhade; (5) the poets of China and Japan, whom he learned to know through the manuscript notes of Ernest Fenollosa; (6) the work of the English Imagists (cf. especially the poems of T.E. Hulme, published in Mr. Pound's volume called _Ripostes_); (7) the work of the Vorticist school of poets and artists (cf. _Blast_, edited by Wyndham Lewis), and the more accessible periodical, _The Egoist_, of which Richard Aldington (cf. Manly and Rickert, _Contemporary British Literature_) is assistant editor.

2. Consider also this from his own theory of poetry: "Poetry is a sort of inspired mathematics, which gives us equations, not for abstract figures, triangles, spheres and the like, but equations for the human emotions. If one have a mind which inclines to magic rather than science, one will prefer to speak of these equations as spells or incantations; it sounds more arcane, mysterious, recondite."

Can this be related to the qualities of Mr. Pound's poetry?

3. After reading Mr. Pound's output, discuss the adequacy of the following: "When content has become for an artist merely something to inflate and display form with, then the petty serves as well as the great, the ignoble equally with the lofty, the unlovely like the beautiful, the sordid as the clean.... Real feeling consequently becomes rarer, and the artist descends to trivialities of observation, vagaries of assertion, or mere _bravado_ of standards and expression--pure tilting at convention."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Provença: Poems Selected from Personæ, Exultations, and Canzoniere. 1910. The Spirit of Romance. 1910. The Sonnets and Ballate of Cavalcanti. 1912. (Translations.) Ripostes of Ezra Pound, whereto are Appended the Complete Poetical Works of T.E. Hulme. 1912. Gaudier Brzeska; a Memoir. 1916. Lustra of Ezra Pound, with Earlier Poems. 1917. Noh; or, Accomplishment; a Study of the Classical Stage of Japan. 1917. (With Ernest F. Fenollosa.) Pavannes and Divisions. 1918. (Essays and sketches.) Quia Pauper Amavi. 1919. (English edition.) Instigations, 1920. (Criticism.) *Umbra: the Early Poems of Ezra Pound, All That He Now Wishes to Keep in Circulation from "Personæ," "Exultations," "Ripostes." With Translations from Guido Cavalcanti and Arnaut Daniel and Poems by the Late T.E. Hulme. 1920. Also in: Des Imagistes. 1914. Poetry. (_Passim._) The Little Review. (_Passim._)

Cf. also Ezra Pound, his Metric and Poetry. 1917. (Bibliography, p. 29.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Acad. 81 ('11): 354. Ath. 1911, 2: 238; 1919, 2: 1065, 1132, 1268. Bookm. 35 ('12): 156; 46 ('18): 577. Bookm. (Lond.) 36 ('09): 154 (portrait); 52 ('17): 151. Chapbook, 1-2: May, 1920: 22. (Fletcher.) Dial, 54 ('13): 370; 69 ('20): 283 (portrait); 72 ('22): 87. Egoist, 2 ('15): 71; 4 ('17): 7, 27, 44. Eng. Rev. 2 ('09): 627. Ind. 70 ('11): 259 (portrait). Lond. Times, Sept. 20, 1918: 437. New Repub. 16 ('18): 83. New Statesman, 8 ('17): 332, 476. No. Am. 211 ('20): 658. (May Sinclair.) Poetry, 7 ('16): 249 (Carl Sandburg); 11 ('18): 330; 12 ('18): 221; 14 ('19): 52 (William Gardner Hale); 15 ('20): 211; 16 ('20): 213.

+(John) Herbert Quick+ (Iowa, 1861)--novelist.

Farmer, lawyer, editor of _Farm and Fireside_, 1909-16. Author of _The Fairview Idea_, 1919; and of _Vandemark's Folly_ 1922, which introduces fresh material (canalboat life) into fiction, and also contributes to the literature that deals with the opening up of the middle west.

See _Book Review Digest_, 1919.

+Lizette Woodworth Reese+--poet.

Born at Baltimore, in 1856. Educated in private and public schools. Teacher in Baltimore high school.

Her poems, always conventional in form and limited in ideas, are admired for their simplicity, intensity of emotion, and perfection of technique.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Branch of May. 1887. A Handful of Lavender. 1891. A Quiet Road. 1896. A Wayside Lute. 1909. Spicewood. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Rittenhouse. Untermeyer.

+Agnes Repplier+--essayist.

Born at Philadelphia, 1858, of French extraction. Educated at the Sacred Heart Convent, Torresdale, Pennsylvania. Litt. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1902. Has traveled much in Europe. Roman Catholic.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books and Men. 1888. Points of View. 1891. Essays in Miniature. 1892. Essays in Idleness. 1893. In the Dozy Hours. 1894. Varia. 1897. The Fireside Sphinx. 1901. Compromises. 1904. In Our Convent Days. 1905. A Happy Half Century. 1908. Americans and Others. 1912. The Cat. 1912. (Compilation.) Counter Currents. 1915. Points of Friction. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Halsey. (Women.) Pattee.

Critic, 45 ('04): 302; 47 ('05): 204. (Portraits). Lit. Digest, 48 ('14): 827 (portrait). Lond. Times, Aug. 10, 1916: 378. New Repub. 7 ('16): 20. (Francis Hackett.) New Statesman, 7 ('16): 597. Outlook, 78 ('04): 880 (portrait). Spec. 117 ('16): 105.

+Alice (Caldwell) Hegan Rice (Mrs. Cale Young Rice)+--novelist.

Born at Shelbyville, Kentucky, 1870. Educated in private schools. One of the founders of the Cabbage Patch Settlement House, Louisville. Uses her own experience in charity work in her books.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch. 1901. Lovey Mary. 1903. Sandy. 1905. Captain June. 1907. Mr. Opp. 1909. A Romance of Billy Goat Hill. 1912. The Honorable Percival. 1914. Calvary Alley. 1917. Miss Mink's Soldier and Other Stories. 1918. Turn About Tales. 1920. (With Cale Young Rice, q.v.) Quin. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Overton.

Bookm. 29 ('09): 412; 32 ('10): 369. Bookm. (Lond.) 24 ('03): 158 (portrait), 160. Outlook, 72 ('02): 802 (portrait); 78 ('04): 282, 286 (portrait). See also _Book Review Digest_, 1905, 1907, 1909, 1912, 1918.

+Cale Young Rice+ (Kentucky, 1872)--poet, dramatist.

Collected Plays and Poems. 1915. For later volumes, cf. _Who's Who in America_.

+Lola Ridge+--poet, critic.

Born at Dublin, Ireland, but brought up in Sydney, Australia. As a child, lived also in New Zealand, but studied art in Australia. In 1907 she came to the United States and supported herself for three years by writing fiction for the popular magazines. But finding that this work was going to kill her creative ability, she earned her living in a variety of other ways--as organizer, advertisement writer, illustrator, artist's model, factory worker, etc.--while she wrote poems. Her reputation was made by the publication of _The Ghetto_ in 1918.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Ghetto and Other Poems. 1918. Sun-up and Other Poems. 1920. Also in: Others, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Dial, 66 ('18): 83. (Aiken.) New Repub. 17 ('18): 76. (Hackett.) Poetry, 13 ('19): 335; 17 ('21): 332. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1918, 1920.

+James Whitcomb Riley+--poet.

Born at Greenfield, Indiana, 1853, of Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. Educated in the public schools, but received many higher honorary degrees. Died in 1916.

Mr. Riley came to be the representative poet of his native state, the "Hoosier poet," and many of his poems are written in the dialect of Indiana, but his reputation is national. His numerous poems were collected and published in ten volumes, as _Complete Works_, in 1916. For detailed bibliography, cf. _Cambridge_, III (IV), 651.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Cambridge. Pattee.

Atlan. 118 ('16): 503. (Nicholson.) Bookm. 20 ('04): 18; 33 ('11): 67 (portrait); 35 ('12): 357 (portrait), 637; 38 ('13): 163 (portrait), 598; 44 ('16): 22 (portraits), 58, 79. Cur Lit. 41 ('06): 160 (portrait); 57 ('14): 425 (portrait). Cur. Op. 61 ('16): 196 (portrait). J. Educ. 84 ('16): 149, 298. Lit. Digest, 47 ('13): 782; 53 ('16): Aug. 1, pp. 304 (portrait), 408; 51 ('15): 730. Nation, 97 ('13): 332. No. Am. 204 ('16): 421. Outlook, 111 ('15): 249, 273 (portrait), 396; 113 ('16): 778. R. of Rs. 54 ('16): 327 (portrait). World's Work, 22 ('11): 14777 (portrait); 25 ('13): 565. Yale R. n.s. 9 ('20): 395.

+Charles George Douglas Roberts+--novelist, poet, Nature writer.

Born at Douglas, New Brunswick, 1860. Studied at the University of New Brunswick, 1876. Has been a teacher, editor, soldier. In France during the War.

Major Roberts has published many volumes of poems, besides novels and animal stories.

For bibliography, see _Who's Who_ (English). For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1914, 1916, 1919.

+Edwin Arlington Robinson+--poet.

Born at Head Tide, Maine, 1869. Educated at Gardiner, Maine, on the Kennebec River ("Tilbury Town"). Studied at Harvard, 1891-3. Struggled in various ways to make a living in New York, even working in the subway, while publishing his first poems. His _Captain Craig_, 1902, attracted the attention of Roosevelt, who gave the author a position in the New York Custom House, which he held 1905-10. Since then he has been able to give his entire time to poetry.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. A good introduction to Mr. Robinson's work is Miss Lowell's review of his _Collected Works_, in the _Dial_, 72 ('22): 130. Although Miss Lowell's contention that Mr. Robinson is our greatest living poet would be disputed by some critics, her article suggests many points of departure in the study of his very important contribution to American poetry.

2. Divide Mr. Robinson's work into two groups: (1) poems of which the material is based upon literature; (2) those of which it comes from his own life experience. Is it possible to say now which of these two groups has the best chance of long endurance? Can you decide how far literature has had a good effect upon Mr. Robinson's work, and how far it has lessened the value of his poetry?

3. Consider as a group the poems that grow out of Mr. Robinson's New England origin. In what ways is he characteristic of New England? Compare his work with that of Mr. Frost in this respect.

4. Compare and contrast Mr. Robinson's portraits of persons with names as titles with similar portraits in the _Spoon River Anthology_. This type of verse seems to have been developed independently by both poets.

5. An interesting study could be made of the influence on Robinson of Crabbe; another, of the influence of Hardy.

6. Another interesting study might grow out of the consideration of Robinson as a poet born twenty years too soon. How much has the temper of his work been determined by the fact that he had to wait so long for recognition?

7. What are the main features of Mr. Robinson's philosophy as suggested in the poems?

8. Can you find many poems that sing? What is to be said of the poet's mastery of rhythms?

9. After reading the best of Mr. Robinson's work, it is interesting to look up the comments of various admirers of it published on the occasion of his fiftieth birthday, in the _New York Times_, December 21, 1919, or the quotations from this article in _Poetry_, 15 ('20): 265, and to see how far your judgment bears out these extravagant statements.

10. The influence of Robinson's work on younger American poets, especially on Lindsay and Sandburg, makes an interesting study.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Torrent and the Night Before. 1896. (Privately printed.) The Children of the Night. 1897. Captain Craig. 1902. The Town down the River. 1910. Van Zorn. 1914. (Play.) The Porcupine. 1915. (Play.) The Man against the Sky. 1916. Merlin. 1917. Lancelot. 1919. The Three Taverns. 1920. *Collected Poems. 1921. Avon's Harvest. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton. Lowell. Untermeyer.

Atlan. 98 ('06): 330. Bk. Buyer, 25 ('02): 429. Bookm. 45 ('17): 429 (portrait); 47 ('18): 551; 50 ('20): 507; 51 ('20): 457. Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 1. (Fletcher.) Dial, 34 ('03): 18; 72 ('22): 130. (Amy Lowell.) Fortn. 86 ('06): 429. Forum, 45 ('11): 80; 51 ('14): 305. Ind. 55 ('03): 446. Lit. Digest, 64 ('20): Jan. 10: p. 32 (portrait), 40. Nation, 75 ('02): 465; 111 ('20): 453. New Eng. M. 33 ('05): 425. New Repub. 2 ('15): 267; 7 ('16): 96 (Amy Lowell); 23 ('20): 259. No. Am. 211 ('20): 121. Outlook, 105 ('13): 736, 744 (portrait); 112 ('16): 786; 123 ('19): 535. Poetry, 8 ('16): 46; 10 ('17): 211; 15 ('20): 265; 16 ('20): 217; 20 ('22): 278. Scrib. M. 66 ('19): 763.

+Edwin Meade Robinson+--poet, novelist.

Born at Lima, Indiana, 1879. Not related to Edwin Arlington Robinson. Newspaper man, first on the _Indianapolis Sentinel_, later on the _Cleveland Plain Dealer_, in which he conducts a column. Besides his successful volume of verse, _Piping and Panning_, 1920, Mr. Robinson has published a novel which has attracted attention as an honest record of a growing boy, _Enter Jerry_, 1920. For reviews, see _Book Review Digest_, 1920, 1921.

+Carl Sandburg+--poet.

Born at Galesburg, Illinois, of Swedish stock. Has little schooling but wide experience of life. At thirteen drove a milk wagon, and for the next six years did all kinds of rough work--as porter in a barber shop, scene-shifter, truck-handler in a brickyard, turner apprentice in a pottery, dishwasher in hotels, harvest hand in Kansas.

During the Spanish-American War served as private in Porto Rico.

Studied at Lombard College, Galesburg, 1898-1902, where he was captain of the basket-ball team and editor-in-chief of the college paper.

After leaving college, earned his living in various ways--as advertising manager for a department store, salesman, newspaperman, "safety first" expert. Worked also as district organizer for the Social-Democratic party of Wisconsin and was secretary to the mayor of Milwaukee, 1910-12.

In 1904 he had published a small pamphlet of poems, but his first real appearance before the public was in _Poetry_, 1914. In the same year he was awarded the Levinson prize for his "Chicago." In 1918 he shared with Margaret Widdemer (q.v.) the prize of the Poetry Society of America; and in 1921, shared this with Stephen Vincent Benét (q.v.).

Mr. Sandburg has a good voice and sings his poems to the accompaniment of the guitar.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. In judging Mr. Sandburg's work, it is important to remember that his theory involves complete freedom from conventions of all sorts--in thinking, in metrical form, and in vocabulary. His aim seems to be to reproduce the impressions that all phases of life make upon him.

2. Consider whether his early prairie environment had anything to do with the large scale of his imagination, the appeal to him of enormous periods of time, masses of men, and forces.

3. Do you find elements of universality in his exaggerated localisms? Do they combine to form a definite philosophy?

4. What effect do the eccentricities and crudities of form have upon you? Do you consider them an essential part of his poetic expression or blemishes which he may one day overcome?

5. Do you find elements of greatness in Mr. Sandburg's work? Do you think they are likely to outweigh his obvious defects?

6. Compare and contrast his democratic ideals with those of Lindsay.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chicago Poems. 1916. Cornhuskers. 1918. The Chicago Race Riots. 1919. Smoke and Steel. 1920. Slabs of the Sunburnt West. 1922. Rootabaga Stories. 1922. (Children's stories.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Lowell. Untermeyer.