Climate and Time in Their Geological Relations A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate
CHAPTER IX.
EXAMINATION OF THE GRAVITATION THEORY OF OCEANIC CIRCULATION.—THE MECHANICS OF DR. CARPENTER’S THEORY.
Experimental Illustration of the Theory.—The Force exerted by Gravity.—Work performed by Gravity.—Circulation not by Convection.—Circulation depends on Difference in Density of the Equatorial and Polar Columns.—Absolute Amount of Work which can be performed by Gravity.—How Underflow is produced.—How Vertical Descent at the Poles and Ascent at the Equator is produced.—The Gibraltar Current.—Mistake in Mechanics concerning it.—The Baltic Current 145