Climate and Time in Their Geological Relations A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate
CHAPTER XIII.
THE WIND THEORY OF OCEANIC CIRCULATION.
Ocean-Currents not due alone to the Trade-winds.—An Objection by Maury.—Trade-winds do not explain the Great Antarctic Current.—Ocean-currents due to the System of Winds.—The System of Currents agrees with the System of the Winds.—Chart showing the Agreement between the System of Currents and System of Winds.—Cause of the Gibraltar Current.—North Atlantic an immense Whirlpool.—Theory of Under Currents.—Difficulty regarding Under Currents obviated.—Work performed by the Wind in impelling the Water forward.—The _Challenger’s_ crucial Test of the Wind and Gravitation Theories.—North Atlantic above the Level of Equator.—Thermal Condition of the Southern Ocean irreconcilable with the Gravitation Theory 210