Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten) A contribution to experimental animal and human psychology

The author having described the observations made upon the horse, and having discussed the activities of the questioner upon the basis of observations made objectively and upon...

The observations on the horse under ordinary conditions would have been quite insufficient for arriving at a decision as to the tenability of the several possible explanations....

In the preceding discussion we have regarded the achievements of the horse as well as Mr. von Osten's explanation of them, as matters of fact. Let us now consider the question:...

The tests which are to be briefly reported here, were begun in November, 1904, and were carried out at the Psychological Institute of the University of Berlin. The purpose was t...

If we would appreciate the interest that has been aroused everywhere by the wonderful horse solving arithmetical problems, we must first consider briefly the present state of th...

In the preceding chapter we asked: What is it that determines the horse's movements? Independent thinking, or external signs?--We found that it was solely external signs, which...

27. Notice sur un nouvel instrument, dont Mr. Ritter, membre de l'academie de Munich s'est servi dans les experiences qu'il a recemment faites avec Mr. Campetti etc. Bibliothequ...