Chapter 8

Arab factions--Berbers--Spaniards--Muwallads--Despised by Arabs--Revolts at Cordova, &c.--Intrigues with the Franks--Letter of Louis--Revolt of Toledo--Christians and Muwallads make common cause--Omar--Begins life as a bandit--Captured--Escapes--Heads the national party--Becomes a Christian--Utterly defeated--Muwallads desert him--Death of Omar--Stronghold of Bobastro captured--End of rebellion--Christians under Abdurrahman III.--Almanzor--Anarchy--End of Khalifate--Knowledge of Christianity and Mohammedanism slight among those of the opposite creed--Christian writers on Islam--Eulogius--Mohammed's relation to Christianity--Alvar--Unfair to Mohammed--His ignorance of the Koran--Prophecy of Daniel.--Moslem knowledge of Christianity--Mistaken idea of the Trinity--Ibn Hazm--St James of Compostella 98-114