Part 54

CHIRP, ch[.e]rp, _n._ the sharp, shrill sound of certain birds and insects.--_v.i._ to make such a sound; to talk in a happy and lively strain.--_v.t._ to cheer.--_n._ CHIRP'ER, a little bird: a chirping-cup.--_adj._ CHIRP'ING, merry: cheering.--_n._ CHIRP'ING-CUP, a cup that cheers.--_adj._ CHIRP'Y, lively: merry. [From the sound.]

CHIRR, ch[.e]r, _v.i._ to chirp, as is done by the cricket or grasshopper. [From the sound.]

CHIRRUP, chir'up, _v.i._ to chirp: to make a sound with the mouth to urge on a horse: to cheer up. [Lengthened form of CHIRP, and then brought into connection with _cheer up_.]

CHIRT, ch[.e]rt, _n._ a squeeze.--_v.t._ to squeeze. [Conn. with CHIRR.]

CHIRUR'GEON, CHIRUR'GERY, CHIRUR'GICAL, old forms of SURGEON, SURGERY, SURGICAL.--_adv._ CHIRUR'GEONLY (_Shak._), in a manner becoming a surgeon. [Fr. _chirurgien_--Gr. _cheirourgos_--_cheir_, the hand, _ergon_, a work.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ an iron or steel tool to cut or hollow out wood, stone, &c.: esp. the tool of the sculptor.--_v.t._ to cut, carve, &c. with a chisel: (_slang_) to cheat:--_pr.p._ chis'elling; _pa.p._ chis'elled.--_adj._ CHIS'ELLED, cut with a chisel; (_fig._) having sharp outlines, as cut by a chisel.--_n._ CHIS'ELLING.--_adj._ CHIS'EL-SHAPED.--_n._ CHIS'EL-TOOTH, the scalpriform perennial incisor of a rodent. [O. Fr. _cisel_--L. _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ See CHESIL.

CHISLEU, chis'l[=u], _n._ the ninth month of the Jewish year, including parts of November and December. [Heb.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a note: an order or pass.--Also CHIT'TY. [Hind. _chitthi_.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a baby: a lively or pert young child: contemptuously, a young woman or girl. [A.S. _cith_, a young tender shoot.]

CHITCHAT, chit'chat, _n._ chatting or idle talk: prattle: gossip. [A reduplication of CHAT.]

CHITIN, k[=i]'tin, _n._ the substance which forms most of the hard parts of jointed footed animals.--_adj._ CH[=I]'TINOUS. [Fr. _chitine_--Gr. _chiton_, a tunic.]

CHITON, k[=i]'ton, _n._ the ancient Greek tunic: a genus of marine molluscs. [Gr. _chit[=o]n_, a tunic]

CHITTER, chit'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to shiver.--_n._ CHITT'ERING. [Cf. CHATTER.]

CHITTERLING, chit'[.e]r-ling, _n._ the smaller intestines of a pig or other edible animal: a frill--prov. forms, _Chidling_, _Chitling_, _Chitter_. [Ety. dub.]

CHIVALRY, shiv'al-ri, _n._ the usages and qualifications of chevaliers or knights: bravery and courtesy: the system of knighthood in feudal times.--_adjs._ CHIVAL'RIC, CHIV'ALROUS, pertaining to chivalry: bold: gallant.--_adv._ CHIV'ALROUSLY.--_n._ CHIV'ALROUSNESS. [Fr. _chevalerie_--_cheval_--Low L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CHIVE, ch[=i]v, _n._ an herb like the leek and onion, with small, flat, clustered bulbs: a small bulb.--Also CIVE. [Fr. _cive_--L. _cæpa_, an onion.]

CHIVY, chiv'vy, or CHEVY, chev'vy, _n._ a hunting cry.--_v.t._ to chase.--_v.i._ to scamper. [Prob. from the Border battle of _Chevy_ Chase.]

CHLAMYS, kl[=a]'mis, _n._ an ancient Greek short cloak or mantle for men: a purple cope: a genus of phytophagous beetles. [Gr.]

CHLOASMA, kl[=o]-az'ma, _n._ a skin-disease marked by yellowish-brown patches. [Gr. _chlo[=e]_, verdure.]

CHLORINE, kl[=o]'rin, _n._ a yellowish-green gas with a peculiar and suffocating odour.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RAL, a limpid, colourless, oily liquid, with a peculiar penetrating odour, formed when anhydrous alcohol is acted on by dry chlorine gas; CHL[=O]'RALISM, the habit of using chloral, a morbid state induced by such; CHL[=O]'RATE, a salt composed of chloric acid and a base.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'RIC, of or from chlorine.--_n._ CHL[=O]'RIDE, a compound of chlorine with some other substance, as potash, soda, &c.--_v.t._ CHL[=O]'RIDISE, to convert into a chloride: (_phot._) to cover with chloride of silver--also CHL[=O]'RIDATE.--_n._ CHLORIN[=A]'TION, the process of getting gold, &c., out of ore by the use of chlorine.--_v.t._ CHL[=O]'RINISE, to combine or otherwise treat with chlorine--also CHL[=O]'RINATE.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RITE, a mineral consisting of silica, alumina, &c., in variable proportions--it is of a green colour, rather soft, and is easily scratched with a knife; CHL[=O]'RODYNE, a patent medicine containing opium, chloroform, &c., used for allaying pain and inducing sleep; CHL[=O]'ROFORM, a limpid, mobile, colourless, volatile liquid, with a characteristic odour and a strong sweetish taste, used to induce insensibility.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'ROID, like chlorine.--_ns._ CHL[=O]ROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the bleaching powers of chloride of lime; CHL[=O]ROM'ETRY, the process of testing the decolouring power of any compound of chlorine; CHL[=O]'ROPHYL, the ordinary colouring matter of vegetation, consisting of minute soft granules in the cells; CHLOR[=O]'SIS, properly _green-sickness_, a peculiar form of anæmia or bloodlessness, common in young women, and connected with the disorders incident to the critical period of life.--_adjs._ CHL[=O]ROT'IC, pertaining to chlorosis; CHL[=O]'ROUS, full of chlorine.--CHLORIC ACID, a syrupy liquid, with faint chlorine colour and acid reaction. [Gr. _chl[=o]ros_, pale-green.]

CHOBDAR, chob'dar, _n._ a frequent attendant of Indian nobles, and formerly also of Anglo-Indian officials of rank, carrying a staff overlaid with silver. [Pers.]

CHOCK, chok, _v.t._ to fasten as with a block or wedge.--_n._ a wedge to keep a cask from rolling: a log.--_adjs._ CHOCK'-FULL, CHOKE'-FULL, quite full; CHOCK'-TIGHT, very tight. [See CHOKE.]

CHOCOLATE, chok'[=o]-l[=a]t, _n._ a preparation of the seeds of _Theobroma cacao_, made by grinding the seeds mixed with water to a very fine paste: a beverage made by dissolving this paste in boiling water.--_adj._ chocolate-coloured, dark reddish-brown: made of or flavoured with chocolate. [Sp. _chocolate_; from Mex. _chocolatl_, chocolate.]

CHODE, ch[=o]d, an obsolete _pa.t._ of CHIDE.

CHOICE, chois, _n._ act or power of choosing: the thing chosen: alternative: preference: the preferable or best part.--_adj._ worthy of being chosen: select: appropriate.--_adjs._ CHOICE'-DRAWN (_Shak._), selected with care; CHOICE'FUL (_Spens._), making many choices, fickle.--_adv._ CHOICE'LY, with discrimination or care.--_n._ CHOICE'NESS, particular value: excellence: nicety.--HOBSON'S CHOICE, the alternative of a thing offered or nothing, from _Hobson_, a Cambridge carrier and innkeeper, who insisted on lending out the horse nearest the stable door, or none at all.--MAKE CHOICE OF, to select; TAKE ONE'S CHOICE, to take what one wishes. [Fr. _choix_--_choisir_; cf. CHOOSE.]

CHOIR, kw[=i]r, _n._ a chorus or band of singers, esp. those belonging to a church: the part of a church appropriated to the singers: the part of a cathedral separated from the nave by a rail or screen.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to sing in chorus.--_ns._ CHOIR'-OR'GAN, one of the departments of a cathedral organ, standing behind the _great-organ_, having its tones less powerful, and more fitted to accompany the voice; CHOIR'SCREEN, a screen of lattice-work, separating the choir from the nave, so as to prevent general access thereto, though not to interrupt either sight or sound.--_adj._ CH[=O]'RAL, belonging to a chorus or choir.--_ns._ CH[=O]RAL', CHORALE', a simple harmonised composition, with slow rhythm: a tune written for a psalm or hymn: in R.C. usage, any part of the service sung by the whole choir.--_adv._ CH[=O]'RALLY, in the manner of a chorus: so as to suit a choir. [Fr. _choeur_--L. _chorus_--Gr. _choros_.]

CHOKE, ch[=o]k, _v.t._ to throttle: to suffocate: to stop or obstruct: to suppress.--_v.i._ to be choked or suffocated.--_n._ the action of choking.--_n._ CHOKE'-BORE, the bore of a gun when narrowed at the muzzle so as to concentrate the shot: a shot-gun so bored.--_v.t._ to bore in such a way.--_n._ CHOKE'-CHERR'Y, a name given to certain nearly allied species of cherry, natives of North America, whose fruit, though at first rather agreeable, is afterwards astringent in the mouth.--_adj._ CHOKED, suffocated, clogged.--_n._ CHOKE'DAMP, the carbonic acid gas given off by coal which accumulates in coal-mines, and may suffocate those exposed to it.--_adj._ CHOKE'-FULL (see CHOCK-FULL).--_ns._ CHOK'ER, one who chokes: a neckerchief; CHOK'ING, suffocation.--_adj._ smothering.--_adj._ CHOK'Y, tending to choke: inclined to choke.--CHOKE OFF, to put an end to, as if by choking; CHOKE UP, to obstruct completely, to suffocate.--WHITE CHOKER, a white neckerchief worn by clergymen, &c. [Prob. from sound.]

CHOKY, ch[=o]'ki, _n._ a prison: a toll-station. [Hind.]

CHOLÆMIA, CHOLEMIA, ko-l[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a morbid accumulation of the constituents of bile in the blood.--_adj._ CHOLÆ'MIC. [Gr. _chol[=e]_, bile, _haima_, blood.]

CHOLAGOGUE, kol'a-gog, _n._ a purgative causing evacuations of bile.--_adj._ CHOLAGOG'IC. [Gr. _chol[=e]_, bile, _ag[=o]gos_, leading.]

CHOLER, kol'[.e]r, _n._ the bile: (_Shak._) biliousness: anger, irascibility.--_adj._ CHOL'ERIC, full of choler: passionate. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _cholera_--_chol[=e]_, bile.]

CHOLERA, kol'[.e]r-a, _n._ a highly infectious and deadly disease characterised by bilious vomiting and purging.--_adj._ CHOLER[=A]'IC.--BRITISH CHOLERA, an acute catarrhal affection of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestines. [Gr. _cholera_.]

CHOLESTERINE, ko-les'te-rin, _n._ a substance occurring abundantly in bile and biliary calculi, probably a monovalent alcohol.--_adj._ CHOLESTER'IC. [Gr. _chol[=e]_, bile, _stereos_, solid.]

CHOLIAMB, k[=o]'li-amb, _n._ a variety of iambic trimeter, having a trochee for an iambus as the sixth foot.--_adj._ CHOLIAM'BIC. [L.,--Gr. _ch[=o]liambos_--_ch[=o]los_, lame, _iambos_, iambus.]

CHOLTRY, ch[=o]l'tri, _n._ a khan or caravansary for travellers: a shed used as a place of assembly.--Also CHOUL'TRY. [Malayalam.]

CHONDRIFY, kon'dri-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert into cartilage.--_v.i._ to be converted into cartilage.--_n._ CHONDRIFIC[=A]'TION. [Gr. _chondros_, cartilage.]

CHONDROID, kon'droid, _adj._ cartilaginous.--_ns._ CHON'DRIN, the proper substance of cartilage; CHONDR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of cartilage; CHONDROGEN'ESIS, the formation of cartilage.--_adj._ CHONDROGENET'IC.--_ns._ CHONDROG'RAPHY, a description of the cartilages; CHONDROL'OGY, the knowledge of the cartilages.

CHONDROPTERYGIAN, kon-drop-te-rij'i-an, _adj._ gristly-finned, belonging to the _Chondropterygii_, a group of fishes variously defined in different systems. [Gr. _chondros_, cartilage, _pterygion_, dim. of _pteryx_, a wing.]

CHOOSE, ch[=oo]z, _v.t._ to take one thing in preference to another: to select.--_v.i._ to will or determine: to think fit:--_pa.t._ ch[=o]se; _pa.p._ ch[=o]s'en.--_ns._ CHOOS'ER (_Shak._), one who chooses; CHOOS'ING, choice: selection.--CANNOT CHOOSE, can have no alternative.--NOT MUCH TO CHOOSE BETWEEN, each about equally bad.--PICK AND CHOOSE, to select with care. [A.S. _céosan_, Dut. _kiesen_.]

CHOP, chop, _v.t._ to cut with a sudden blow: to cut into small pieces: (_Milton_) to change: to exchange or barter: (_Milton_) to trade in: to bandy words.--_v.i._ to change about: to shift suddenly, as the wind.--_n._ a blow: a piece cut off: a slice of mutton or pork, containing a rib: a change: vicissitude.--_ns._ CHOP'-HOUSE, a house where mutton-chops and beef-steaks are served: an eating-house; CHOP'PER, one who or that which chops: a cleaver; CHOP'PING-KNIFE, a knife for chopping or mincing meat.--_adj._ CHOP'PY, full of chops or cracks: running in irregular waves--also CHOP'PING.--CHOP AND CHANGE, to buy and sell: to change about; CHOP AT, to aim a blow at; CHOP IN, to break in, interrupt; CHOP LOGIC, to dispute in logical terms: to bandy words; CHOP UP, to cut into small pieces.--A CHOP-LOGIC (_Shak._), a contentious fellow. [A form of CHAP.]

CHOP, chop, _n._ the chap or jaw, generally used in _pl._: a person with fat cheeks: the mouth of anything, as a cannon.--_adj._ CHOP'-FALL'EN, lit. having the chop or lower jaw fallen down: cast-down: dejected. [See CHAP (3).]

CHOP, chop, _n._ in China and India, an official mark or seal: a license or passport which has been sealed. [Hind. _chh[=a]p_, seal, impression.]

CHOPIN, chop'in, _n._ an old French liquid measure containing nearly an English imperial pint: a Scotch measure containing about an English quart. [O. Fr. _chopine_, Old Dut. _schoppe_; Scot. _chappin_, Ger. _schoppen_, a pint.]

CHOPINE, chop-[=e]n', chop'in, _n._ a high clog or patten introduced into England from Venice during the reign of Elizabeth. [Sp. _chapin_.]

CHOPPING, chop'ing, _adj._ stout, strapping, plump.

CHOP-STICKS, chop'-stiks, _n.pl._ two small sticks of wood, ivory, &c., used by the Chinese instead of knife and fork. [_Chop_, a corr. of _kih_, quick.]

CHORAGUS, ko-r[=a]'gus, _n._ in Athens, the person appointed to organise the chorus: the leader of a choir.--_adj._ CHORAG'IC, pertaining to a choragus.--CHORAGIC MONUMENT, a small temple on which were dedicated the tripods given in the Dionysian contests to the victorious chorus. [Gr. _chor[=e]gos_--_choros_, chorus, and _agein_, to lead.]

CHORAL, CHORALE. See CHOIR.

CHORD, kord, _n._ (_mus._) the simultaneous and harmonious union of sounds of a different pitch.--The COMMON CHORD is a note with its third and perfect fifth reckoned upwards. [Formed from ACCORD.]

CHORD, kord, _n._ the string of a musical instrument: (_fig._) of the emotions: (_geom._) a straight line joining the extremities of an arc: a straight line joining any two points in the curve of a circle, ellipse, &c. [L. _chorda_--Gr. _chord[=e]_, an intestine.]

CHOREA, ko-r[=e]'a, _n._ St Vitus's dance, a nervous disease causing irregular and involuntary movements of the limbs or face. [L.,--Gr. _choreia_, a dancing.]

CHOREE, k[=o]'r[=e], _n._ a trochee.--Also CHOR[=E]'US. [L.,--Gr.]

CHOREOGRAPHY. See CHORUS.

CHOREPISCOPAL, k[=o]-re-pis'ko-pal, _adj._ pertaining to a local or suffragan bishop. [Gr. _ch[=o]ra_, place.]

CHORIAMB, k[=o]'ri-amb, _n._ a metrical foot of four syllables, the first and last long, the two others short.--_adj._ and _n._ CHORIAM'BIC. [Gr. _choriambos_--_choreios_, a trochee, _iambos_, iambus.]

CHORION, k[=o]'ri-on, _n._ the outer foetal envelope: the external membrane of the seeds of plants:--_pl._ CH[=O]'RIA.--_adj._ CH[=O]'ROID. [Gr.]

CHOROGRAPHY, k[=o]-rog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of the geographical features of a particular region.--_adjs._ CHOROGRAPH'IC, -AL; CHOROLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CHOROL'OGIST; CHOROL'OGY, the science of the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

CHORUS, k[=o]'rus, _n._ a band of singers and dancers, esp. in the Greek plays: a company of singers: that which is sung by a chorus: the combination of several voices in one simultaneous utterance: the part of a song in which the company join the singer.--_adj._ CHOREOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._ CHOREOG'RAPHY, CHOROG'RAPHY, the notation of dancing.--_adj._ CH[=O]'RIC.--_ns._ CH[=O]'RIST, CHOR'ISTER, a member of a choir. [L.,--Gr. _choros_, dance.]

CHOSE, CHOSEN. See CHOOSE.

CHOUGH, chuf, _n._ a kind of jackdaw which frequents rocky places on the seacoast. [A.S. _céo_; from the cry of the bird. See CAW.]

CHOULTRY. See CHOLTRY.

CHOUSE, chows, _n._ (_obs._) a cheat: one easily cheated: a trick.--_v.t._ to cheat, swindle. [Prob. from Turk. _chaush_, a messenger or envoy.]

CHOUT, chowt, _n._ one-fourth part of the revenue extorted by the Mahrattas as blackmail: blackmail, extortion. [Hind. _chauth_, the fourth part.]

CHOW-CHOW, chow'-chow, _n._ a mixture of food such as the Chinese use, e.g. preserved pickles.--_adj._ miscellaneous, mixed. [Pigeon-English.]

CHOWDER, chow'd[.e]r, _n._ a dish made of a mixture of fish and biscuits. [Fr. _chaudière_, a pot.]

CHOWRY, chow'ri, _n._ an instrument used for driving away flies. [Hindi, _chaunri_.]

CHREMATISTIC, kr[=e]-ma-tis'tik, _adj._ pertaining to finance.--_n._ CHREMATIS'TICS, the science of wealth. [Gr.,--_chr[=e]ma_, a thing.]

CHOY-ROOT. See SHAYA-ROOT.

CHRESTOMATHY, kres-tom'a-thi, _n._ a book of selections from foreign languages, usually for beginners.--_adjs._ CHRESTOMATH'IC, -AL. [Gr. _chr[=e]stos_, useful, _mathein_, to know.]

CHRISM, krizm, _n._ consecrated or holy oil: unction: confirmation: chrisom. (q.v.).--_adj._ CHRIS'MAL, pertaining to chrism.--_n._ a case for containing chrism: a pyx: a veil used in christening.--_ns._ CHRIS'MATORY, a vessel for containing chrism; CHRIS'OM, a white cloth laid by the priest on a child newly anointed with chrism after its baptism: the child itself.--CHRISOM CHILD (_Shak._), a child still wearing the chrisom cloth: an innocent child. [O. Fr. _chresme_ (Fr. _chrême_)--Gr. _chrisma_, from _chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]

CHRIST, kr[=i]st, _n._ the Anointed, the Messiah.--_ns._ CHRIST-CROSS-ROW (kris'-kros-r[=o]), the alphabet, from the use in horn-books of having a cross at the beginning; CHR[=I]ST'S-THORN, a kind of prickly shrub common in Palestine and south of Europe, so called because supposed to have been the plant from which the crown of thorns was made.--_v.t._ CHRISTEN (kris'n), to baptise in the name of Christ: to give a name to.--_ns._ CHRIS'TENDOM, that part of the world in which Christianity is the received religion: the whole body of Christians; CHRIS'TENING, the ceremony of baptism; CHR[=I]ST'HOOD, the condition of being the Christ or Messiah; CHRIST'IAN, a follower of Christ: (_coll._) a human being.--_adj._ relating to Christ or His religion: being in the spirit of Christ.--_v.t._ CHRIST'IANISE, to make Christian: to convert to Christianity.--_ns._ CHRIST'IANISM, CHRISTIAN'ITY, the religion of Christ: the spirit of this religion.--_adjs._ CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, CHRIST'IANLY.--_ns._ CHRIST'IANNESS, CHRIST'LINESS.--_adjs._ CHRIST'LESS, CHRIST'LY.--CHRISTIAN ERA, the era counted from the birth of Christ; CHRISTIAN NAME, the name given when christened, as distinguished from the surname. [A.S. _crist_--Gr. _Christos_--and _chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]

CHRISTADELPHIAN, kris-ta-del'fi-an, _n._ a member of a small religious body holding conditional immortality, denying a personal devil, &c.--sometimes called _Thomasites_ from Dr John _Thomas_ of Brooklyn (1805-71). [Lit. 'Brethren of Christ,' Gr. _Christos_, Christ, and _adelphos_, brother.]

CHRISTMAS, kris'mas, _n._ an annual festival, originally a mass, in memory of the birth of Christ, held on the 25th of December.--_ns._ CHRIST'MAS-BOX, a box containing Christmas presents: a Christmas gift; CHRIST'MAS-CARD, a card, more or less ornamented, sent from friend to friend at this season; CHRIST'MAS-EVE, the evening before Christmas; CHRIST'MAS-ROSE, or -FLOW'ER, the _Helleborus niger_, flowering in winter; CHRIST'MAS-TREE, a tree, usually fir, set up in a room, and loaded with Christmas presents. [CHRIST and MASS.]

CHRISTOLOGY, kris-tol'o-ji, _n._ that branch of theology which treats of the nature and person of Christ.--_adj._ CHRISTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ CHRISTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _Christos_, and _logia_, a discourse.]

CHRISTOM, kris'um, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as CHRISOM, under CHRISM (q.v.).

CHRISTOPHANY, kris-tof'a-ni, _n._ an appearance of Christ to men. [Gr. _Christos_, and _phainein_, to appear.]

CHROMATIC, kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ relating to colours: coloured: (_mus._) relating to notes in a melodic progression, which are raised or lowered by accidentals, without changing the key of the passage, and also to chords in which such notes occur.--_ns._ CHR[=O]M'ATE, a salt of chromic acid; CHR[=O]MAT'ICS, the science of colours.--_v.t._ CHR[=O]'MATISE, to impregnate with a chromate.--_ns._ CHR[=O]MATOG'RAPHY, a treatise on colours; CHR[=O]MATOL'OGY, the science of colours, or a treatise thereon; CHR[=O]MAT'OPHORE, one of the pigment-cells in animals: one of the granules in protoplasm: one of the brightly coloured bead-like bodies in the oral disc of certain actinias, &c.; CHR[=O]MATOP'SIA, coloured vision; CHR[=O]'MATROPE, an arrangement in a magic-lantern by which effects like those of the kaleidoscope are produced; CHR[=O]'MATYPE, CHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a photographic process by which a coloured impression of a picture is obtained.--_adj._ relating to the chromatype.--_ns._ CHR[=O]ME, CHR[=O]'MIUM, a metal remarkable for the beautiful colours of its compounds.--_adj._ CHR[=O]M'IC.--_ns._ CHR[=O]'MITE, a mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; CHR[=O]'MO-LITH'OGRAPH, or merely CHR[=O]'MO, a lithograph printed in colours; CHR[=O]'MOLITHOG'RAPHY; CHR[=O]'MOSPHERE, a layer of incandescent red gas surrounding the sun through which the light of the photosphere passes--also CHR[=O]MAT'OSPHERE; CHR[=O]'MO-TYPOG'RAPHY, typography in colours; CHR[=O]'MO-XY'LOGRAPH, a picture printed in colours from wooden blocks; CHR[=O]'MO-XYLOG'RAPHY.--CHROMATIC SCALE, a scale proceeding by semitones; CHROMIC ACID, an acid of chromium, of an orange-red colour, much used in dyeing and bleaching. [Gr. _chr[=o]matikos_--_chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

CHRONIC, -AL, kron'ik, -al, _adj._ lasting a long time: of a disease, deep seated or long continued, as opposed to _acute_.--_n._ CHRON'IC, chronic invalid. [Gr. _chronikos_--_chronos_, time.]

CHRONICLE, kron'i-kl, _n._ a bare record of events in order of time: a history: (_pl._) name of two of the Old Testament books: a story, account.--_v.t._ to record.--_n._ CHRON'ICLER, a historian. [O. Fr. _chronique_--L.--Gr. _chronika_, annals--_chronos_, time.]

CHRONOGRAM, kron'o-gram, _n._ an inscription in which the time or date of an event is given by certain of the letters printed larger than the rest. [Gr. _chronos_, time, _gramma_, a letter--_graphein_, to write.]

CHRONOGRAPH, kron'o-graf, _n._ a chronogram: an instrument for taking exact measurements of time, or for recording graphically the moment or duration of an event.--_ns._ CHRONOG'RAPHER, a chronicler; CHRONOG'RAPHY, chronology. [Gr. _chronos_, time, _graphein_, to write.]

CHRONOLOGY, kron-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of time.--_ns._ CHRONOL'OGER, CHRONOL'OGIST.--_adjs._ CHRONOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ CHRONOLOG'ICALLY. [Gr. _chronos_, time, _logia_, a discourse.]

CHRONOMETER, kron-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring time: a watch.--_adjs._ CHRONOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ CHRONOM'ETRY, the art of measuring time by means of instruments: measurement of time. [Gr. _chronos_, and _metron_, a measure.]

CHRONOSCOPE, kron'[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring very short intervals of time, esp. with projectiles.

CHRYSALIS, kris'a-lis, CHRYSALID, kris'a-lid, _n._ a term originally applied to the golden-coloured resting stages in the life-history of many butterflies, but sometimes extended to all forms of pupæ or nymphs: the shell whence the insect comes:--_pl._ CHRYSAL'IDES (i-d[=e]z).--_adjs._ CHRYS'ALID, CHRYS'ALINE, CHRYS'ALOID. [Gr. _chrysallis_--_chrysos_, gold.]

CHRYSANTHEMUM, kris-an'the-mum, _n._ a genus of composite plants to which belong the corn marigold and ox-eye daisy. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _anthemon_, flower.]

CHRYSELEPHANTINE, kris-el-e-fan'tin, _adj._ noting the art of making statues jointly of gold and ivory. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _elephantinos_, made of ivory--_elephas_, _-antos_, ivory.]

CHRYSOBERYL, kris'o-ber-il, _n._ a mineral of various shades of greenish-yellow or gold colour. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, and BERYL.]

CHRYSOCOLLA, kris-[=o]-kol'a, _n._ a silicate of protoxide of copper, bluish-green. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _kolla_, glue.]

CHRYSOCRACY, kri-sok'ra-si, _n._ the rule of wealth. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _kratein_, to rule.]

CHRYSOLITE, kris'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a yellow or green precious stone. [Gr. _chrysos_, and _lithos_, a stone.]

CHRYSOPHAN, kris'[=o]-fan, _n._ an orange-coloured bitter substance found in rhubarb.--_adj._ CHRYSOPHAN'IC. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _phan[=e]s_, appearing.]

CHRYSOPHILITE, kri-sof'i-l[=i]t, _n._ a lover of gold.

CHRYSOPHYLL, kris'[=o]-fil, _n._ the yellow colouring matter in the green chlorophyl pigment of plants.--Also _Xanthophyl_. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _phyllon_, a leaf.]