Part 48

CAT, kat, _n._ a common domestic animal kept to devour mice: a spiteful woman: a movable pent-house used for their protection by besiegers: a double tripod with six legs: a piece of wood tapering at each end, struck with the CAT-STICK in the game of _tip-cat_, this game itself: short for the CAT-O'-NINE'-TAILS, an instrument of punishment consisting of a whip with nine tails or lashes, with three or four knots on each, once used in the army and navy.--_v.t._ to raise the anchor to the cathead.--_ns._ CAT'AMOUNT, a common name in the United States for the cougar or puma--also called _Panther_, _Painter_, and _American lion_; CATAMOUN'TAIN, or CAT O' MOUNTAIN, a leopard, panther, or ocelot: a wild mountaineer.--_adj._ ferocious, savage.--_adj._ CAT-AND-DOG, used attributively for quarrelsome.--_ns._ CAT'-BIRD, an American bird of the thrush family, so called on account of the resemblance of its note to the mewing of a cat; CAT'-CALL, a squeaking instrument used in theatres to express dislike of a play: a shrill whistle or cry.--_v.i._ to sound a cat-call.--_v.t._ to assail with such.--_adj._ CAT'-EYED, having eyes like a cat: able to see in the dark.--_n._ CAT'GUT, a kind of cord made from the intestines of animals, and used as strings for violins, harps, guitars, &c., the cords of clock-makers, &c.: the violin or other stringed instrument: a coarse corded cloth.--_adj._ CAT'-HAMMED, with thin hams like a cat's.--_ns._ CAT'HEAD, one of two strong beams of timber projecting from the bow of a ship, on each side of the bowsprit, through which the ropes pass by which the anchor is raised; CAT'-HOLE, one of two holes in the after part of a ship, through which hawsers may pass for steadying the ship or for heaving astern; CAT'HOOD, state of being a cat or having the nature of a cat; CAT'KIN, a crowded spike or tuft of small unisexual flowers with reduced scale-like bracts, as in the willow, hazel, &c.; CAT'-LAP, any thin or poor drink.--_adj._ CAT'-LIKE, noiseless, stealthy.--_ns._ CAT'LING, a little cat, a kitten: the downy moss on some trees, like the fur of a cat: (_Shak._) a lute-string; CAT'MINT, a perennial plant resembling mint, said to be so called from the fondness cats have for it; CAT'S'-CR[=A]'DLE, a game played by children, two alternately taking from each other's fingers an intertwined cord, so as always to maintain a symmetrical figure; CAT'S'-EYE, a beautiful variety of quartz, so called from the resemblance which the reflection of light from it bears to the light that seems to emanate from the eye of a cat; CAT'S-FOOT, a plant, called also _Ground-ivy_; CAT'-SIL'VER, a variety of silvery mica; CAT'S'-MEAT, horses' flesh, or the like, sold for cats by street dealers; CAT'S'-PAW (_naut._), a light breeze: the dupe or tool of another--from the fable of the monkey who used the paws of the cat to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire; CAT'S'-TAIL, a catkin: a genus of aquatic plants of the reed kind, the leaves of which are sometimes used for making mats, seating chairs, &c.: a kind of grass.--_adj._ CAT'-WIT'TED, small-minded, conceited, and spiteful.--CATTED AND FISHED, said of an anchor raised to the cathead and secured to the ship's side.--BELL THE CAT (see BELL).--CARE KILLED THE CAT, even with his proverbial nine lives.--CHESHIRE CATS are proverbially notable for grinning, and KILKENNY CATS proverbially fight till each destroys the other.--RAIN CATS AND DOGS, to pour down heavily.--SEE WHICH WAY THE CAT JUMPS, to watch how things are going to turn before committing one's self.--TURN THE CAT IN THE PAN, to change sides with dexterity.--For GIB-CAT, TABBY-CAT, TOM-CAT, see under GIB, TABBY, &c. [A.S. _cat_; found also in Celt., Slav., Ar., Finn, &c.]

CAT, kat, _n._ an old name for a coal and timber vessel on the north-east coast of England.--_adj._ CAT'-RIGGED, having one great fore-and-aft mainsail spread by a gaff at the head and a boom at the foot, for smooth water only.

CATABOLISM. See KATABOLISM.

CATACAUSTIC, kat-a-kaws'tik, _adj._ (_geom._) belonging to caustic curves formed by reflection (see CAUSTIC). [Gr. _kata_, against, and CAUSTIC.]

CATACHRESIS, kat-a-kr[=e]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which a word is used in a sense different from, yet analogous to, its own: a harsh or far-fetched metaphor.--_adjs._ CATACHRES'TIC, -AL.--_adv._ CATACHRES'TICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _katachr[=e]sis_, misuse.]

CATACLYSM, kat'a-klizm, _n._ a flood of water: a deluge: great revolution.--_adj._ CATACLYS'MIC. [Gr. _kataklysmos_--_kata_, downward, _klyzein_, to wash.]

CATACOMB, kat'a-k[=o]m, _n._ a subterranean excavation used as a burial-place, esp. the famous Catacombs near Rome, where many of the early Christian victims of persecution were buried: any place built with crypt-like recesses for storing books, wine, &c.--_adj._ CAT'ACUMBAL. [It. _catacomba_--Late L. _catacumbas_ (prob. from _ad catacumbas_), prob. from Gr. _kata_, downward, and _kymb[=e]_, a hollow.]

CATACOUSTICS, kat-a-kows'tiks, _n._ the part of acoustics which treats of echoes or sounds reflected. [Gr. _kata_, against, and ACOUSTICS.]

CATADIOPTRIC, -AL, kat-a-di-op'trik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to instruments by which rays of light are both reflected and refracted. [See CATOPTRIC.]

CATADROMOUS, kat-ad'rom-us, _adj._ of fishes, descending periodically for spawning to the lower parts of a river or to the sea. [Gr. _kata_, down, _dromos_, running.]

CATAFALQUE, kat-a-falk', _n._ a temporary structure of carpentry representing a tomb or cenotaph placed over the coffin during a lying-in-state: a tomb of state, a funeral car.--Also CATAFAL'CO. [Fr.,--It. _catafalco_. See BALCONY and SCAFFOLD.]

CATALAN, kat'al-an, _adj._ of or belonging to _Catalonia_ or its language, a dialect of Provençal.--_n._ a native of Catalonia, or the language thereof.

CATALECTIC, kat-a-lek'tik, _adj._ incomplete: applied to a verse wanting one syllable at the end, or terminating in an imperfect foot. [Gr. _katal[=e]ktikos_, incomplete--_katal[=e]gein_, to stop.]

CATALEPSY, kat'a-lep-si, _n._ a state of more or less complete insensibility, with absence of the power of voluntary motion, and statue-like fixedness of the body and limbs.--_adj._ CATALEP'TIC. [Gr., from _kata_, down, _lamban[=o]_, _l[=e]psomai_, I seize.]

CATALLACTIC, kat-al-ak'tik, _adj._ pertaining to exchange.--_adv._ CATALLAC'TICALLY.--_n._ CATALLAC'TICS, political economy as the science of exchanges. [Made up from Gr. _katalassein_, to exchange.]

CATALOGUE, kat'a-log, _n._ a list of names, books, &c.--_v.t._ to put in a catalogue:--_pr.p._ cat'aloguing; _pa.p._ cat'alogued.--_v.t._ CAT'ALOGUISE. [Fr.--Late L.--Gr. _katalogos_, from _kata_, down, _legein_, to choose.]

CATALPA, kat-al'pa, _n._ a genus of hardy trees native to the United States and Japan, marked by a low habit, profuse blossoms, and long cigar-like pendent pods.--The common Catalpa, known also as the _Bean-tree_, _Catawba_, _Indian bean_, and _Cigar-tree_, yields a durable wood; as also the western Catalpa or _Shawnee wood_. [From the native Ind. name.]

CATALYSIS, ka-tal'i-sis, _n._ (_chem._) the decomposition of a compound and the recomposition of its elements, by the presence of a substance which does not itself suffer change, as in fermentation.--_adj._ CATALYT'IC. [Gr. _katalysis_--_kata_, down, _lyein_, to loosen.]

CATAMARAN, kat'a-mar-an', or kat-am'ar-an, _n._ a raft of three pieces of wood lashed together, the middle piece being longer than the others, and serving as a keel--on this the rower squats, and works a paddle--much used in the Madras surf: an old kind of fire-ship, long superseded; an ill-natured woman. [Tamil, 'tied wood.']

CATAMENIA, kat-a-m[=e]'ni-a, _n._ the menstrual discharge.--_adj._ CATAM[=E]'NIAL. [Gr. _katam[=e]nios_--_kata_, again, _m[=e]n_, _m[=e]nos_, a month.]

CATAMITE, kat'a-m[=i]t, _n._ a boy kept for unnatural purposes--a corruption of GANYMEDE (q.v.).

CATAMOUNT. See CAT.

CATAPAN, kat'a-pan, _n._ the governor of Calabria and Apulia for the Byzantine emperor. [Acc. to Littré, from Gr. _katepan[=o] t[=o]n axi[=o]mat[=o]n_, 'he who is placed over the dignities.']

CATAPHONICS, kat-a-fon'iks, _n._ the science of reflected sounds.--_adj._ CATAPHON'IC. [Gr. _kata_, against, _phon[=e]_, sound.]

CATAPHRACT, kat'a-frakt, _n._ (_Milton_) a soldier in full armour. [Gr. _kataphrakt[=e]s_, a coat-of-mail--_kata_, inten., and _phrass-ein_, to enclose, protect.]

CATAPHYLLARY, kat-a-fil'ar-i, _adj._ pertaining to such rudimentary scale-leaves as are found on various parts of plants, esp. underground.--_n._ CATAPHYLL'UM. [Gr. _kata_, down, _phyllon_, leaf.]

CATAPHYSICAL, kat-a-fis'i-kal, _adj._ (_rare_) unnatural. [Gr. _kata_, down, against, _physis_, nature.]

CATAPLASM, kat'a-plazm, _n._ a plaster or poultice. [Gr. _kataplasma_, a plaster--_kata-plassein_, to plaster over.]

CATAPLEXY, kat'a-plex-i, _n._ the kind of mesmeric sleep of animals under a sudden shock of terror--the state of 'shamming death.'--_adj._ CATAPLEC'TIC. [Gr. _katapl[=e]ssein_, to strike down.]

CATAPULT, kat'a-pult, _n._ anciently an engine of war, resembling the ballista, for throwing stones, arrows, &c.: a small forked stick having an elastic string fixed to the two prongs, used by boys for throwing small stones.--_adj._ CATAPUL'TIC.--_n._ CATAPULTIER'. [L. _catapulta_--Gr. _katapelt[=e]s_--_kata_, down, _pallein_, to throw.]

CATARACT, kat'a-rakt, _n._ a great fall of water, water-spout, &c.: a waterfall or cascade: an opaque condition of the lens of the eye, painless, unaccompanied by inflammation, occasioning blindness, simply by obstructing the passage of the light. [L. _cataracta_--Gr. _kata_, down, _arass-ein_, to dash, to rush.]

CATARRH, kat-är', _n._ a discharge of fluid from the inflammation of a mucous membrane, esp. of the nose, caused by cold in the head: the cold itself.--_adjs._ CATARRH'AL, CATARRH'OUS. [L. _catarrhus_--Gr. _katarrhous_--_kata_, down, _rhe[=e]in_, to flow.]

CATARRHINE, CATARHINE, kat'ar-[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to that one of the two divisions of Quadrumana, including all the Old-World monkeys, having a narrow partition between the nostrils. [Gr. _kata_, down, _hris_, _hrinos_, nose.]

CATASTA, kat-äs'ta, _n._ a block on which slaves were exposed for sale: a stage or place for torture. [L.]

CATASTASIS, kat-as'tas-is, _n._ the part of the Greek drama in which the development of the action has reached its height: (_rhet._) that part of a speech which states the subject to be discussed. [Gr.]

CATASTROPHE, kat-as'tr[=o]-f[=e], _n._ an overturning: a final event: an unfortunate conclusion: a calamity.--_adj._ CATASTROPH'IC--_ns._ CATAS'TROPHISM, the theory in geology that accounts for 'breaks in the succession' by the hypothesis of vast catastrophes--world-wide destruction of floras and faunas, and the sudden introduction or creation of new forms of life, after the forces of nature had sunk into repose; CATAS'TROPHIST, a holder of the foregoing, as opposed to the _uniformitarian_ theory. [Gr., _kata_, down, _strephein_, to turn.]

CATAWBA, ka-taw'ba, _n._ a light sparkling wine, produced from a grape of the same name, first found on the banks of the _Catawba_ River in Carolina.

CAT-BIRD. See CAT.

CAT-CALL. See CAT.

CATCH, kach, _v.t._ to take hold of: to apprehend or understand: to seize after pursuit: to trap or ensnare: to take a disease by infection: to take up anything by sympathy or imitation.--_v.i._ to be contagious: to be entangled or fastened in anything;--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ caught (kawt).--_n._ seizure: anything that seizes or holds: that which is caught: anything worth catching: a sudden advantage taken: a specially English form of musical composition, written generally in three or four parts, and in the canon form--originally synonymous with the _round_.--_adj._ CATCH'ABLE, that may be caught.--_ns._ CATCH'ER, one who catches; CATCH'FLY, a popular name of several plants belonging to the genus _Silene_, and of _Lychnis Viscaria_, whose glutinous stems often retain insects settling on them; CATCH'ING, the action of the verb 'to catch:' a nervous or spasmodic twitching.--_adj._ infectious: captivating, attractive.--_ns._ CATCH'MENT-B[=A]S'IN, a term applied to all that part of a river-basin from which rain is collected, and from which, therefore, the river is fed; CATCH'PENNY, any worthless thing, esp. a publication, intended merely to gain money--also _adj._; CATCH'WORD, among actors, the last word of the preceding speaker--the cue: the word at the head of the page in a dictionary or encyclopædia: the first word of a page given at the bottom of the preceding page: any word or phrase taken up and repeated as the watchword or symbol of a party.--_adj._ CATCH'Y, attractive, deceptive, readily caught up, as an air, &c., fitful.--CATCH AT, to snatch at; CATCH FIRE, to become ignited, to be inspired by passion or zeal; CATCH HOLD OF, to seize; CATCH IT, to get a scolding or the like; CATCH ME! an emphatic colloquial phrase implying that there is not the remotest possibility of my doing something suggested; CATCH ON, to comprehend: to catch the popular fancy; CATCH OUT, to put a batsman out at cricket by catching the ball he has batted; CATCH SIGHT OF, suddenly to get a glimpse of; CATCH UP, to overtake; CATCH UP, or AWAY, to lay hold of forcibly. [From O. Fr. _cachier_--Late L. _capti[=a]re_ for _capt[=a]re_, inten. of _cap[)e]re_, to take. See CHASE.]

CATCHPOLE, -POLL, kach'p[=o]l, _n._ a constable, petty officer of justice. [Through O. Fr. from Low L. _cachepolus_, _chassipullus_, one who chases fowls. See CHASE and PULLET.]

CATCHUP, CATSUP. See KETCHUP.

CATE. See CATES.

CATECHISE, kat'e-k[=i]z, _v.t._ to instruct by question and answer: to question as to belief: to examine systematically, to take to task.--_adjs._ CATECHET'IC, -AL, relating to a catechism or oral instruction in the first principles, esp. of Christianity.--_adv._ CATECHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ CATECHET'ICS, the art or practice of teaching by question and answer: that part of theology which treats of CATECH[=E]'SIS, or primary oral instruction, as that given to catechumens; CAT'ECHISER; CAT'ECHISING, an examination by questioning; CAT'ECHISM, any compendious system of teaching drawn up in the form of question and answer; CAT'ECHIST, one who catechises, a teacher of catechumens, a native teacher in a mission church.--_adjs._ CATECHIST'IC, -AL, CATECHIS'MAL, pertaining to a catechist or catechism. [L. _catechismus_, formed from Gr. _kat[=e]chiz-ein_, _kat[=e]che-ein_, to din into the ears--_kata_, down, _[=e]ch[=e]_, a sound.]

CATECHU, kat'e-shoo, _n._ a substance used in tanning and dyeing, and medicinally as an astringent, obtained from the heart-wood of several East Indian trees, as the betel-nut, &c. [Tamil.]

CATECHUMEN, kat-e-k[=u]'men, _n._ one who is being taught the rudiments of Christianity: the appellation given in the early Christian Church to those converted Jews and heathens who had not yet received baptism, but were undergoing a course of training and instruction preparatory to it.--_adj._ CATECHUMEN'ICAL.--_adv._ CATECHUMEN'ICALLY.--_ns._ CATECH[=U]'MENSHIP, CATECH[=U]'MENISM, CATECH[=U]'MENATE. [Gr. _kat[=e]choumenos_, being taught, pr.p. pass. of _kat[=e]che-ein_, to teach.]

CATEGORY, kat'e-gor-i, _n._ what may be affirmed of a class: a class or order.--_adjs._ CATEGOREMAT'IC, capable of being used by itself as a term; CATEGOR'ICAL, positive: absolute: without exception.--_adv._ CATEGOR'ICALLY, absolutely: without qualification: expressly.--_n._ CATEGOR'ICALNESS, the quality of being absolute and unqualified.--_n.pl._ CAT'EGORIES (_phil._), the highest classes under which objects of philosophy can be systematically arranged, understood as an attempt at a comprehensive classification of all that exists: in Kant's system, the root-notions of the understanding, the specific forms of the _a priori_ or formal element in rational cognition (_quantity_, _quality_, _relation_, _modality_, &c.).--_v.t._ CAT'EGORISE, to place in a category or list: to class.--_n._ CATEGOR'IST, one who categorises.--CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE, in the ethics of Kant, the absolute unconditional command of the moral law, irrespective of every ulterior end or aim--universally authoritative, belonging to the fixed law of nature--'Act from a maxim at all times fit for law universal.' [Gr. _kat[=e]goria_, _kat[=e]goros_, an accuser, _kata_, down, against, _agora_, assembly.]

CATELECTRODE, kat-[=e]-lek'tr[=o]d, _n._ a negative electrode or cathode. [Gr. _kata_, down, and ELECTRODE.]

CATENARY, kat-[=e]'nar-i, _n._ the curve formed by a flexible homogeneous cord (such as a chain), hanging freely between two points of support, and acted on by no other force than gravity.--_adj._ relating to a chain, like a chain--also CATEN[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ CAT[=E]'NA, a chain or connected series, as in CATENA PATRUM, a chronological series of extracts from the Fathers on any doctrine of theology.--_v.t._ CAT'EN[=A]TE to connect as in a chain.--_n._ CATEN[=A]'TION. [L. _catenarius_, pertaining to a chain--_cat[=e]na_, chain.]

CATER, k[=a]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ to provide food, entertainment, &c. (with _for_).--_ns._ C[=A]'TERER; C[=A]'TERESS; C[=A]'TERING. [Lit. to act as a _cater_, the word being orig. a substantive, and spelled _catour_, an aphetised form of _acater_, _acatour_. See ACATER.]

CATERAN, kat'er-an, _n._ a Highland reiver or freebooter, a robber or brigand generally. [Gael. _ceathairne_, peasantry, Ir. _ceithern_, a band of soldiers.]

CATER-COUSIN, k[=a]'t[.e]r-kuz'n, _n._ a term implying familiarity, affection, sympathy, rather than kindred. [More prob. conn. with CATER than _quatre_ or _quarter_.]

CATERPILLAR, kat'[.e]r-pil-ar, _n._ a grub that lives upon the leaves of plants. [Prob. O. Fr. _chatepeleuse_, 'hairy cat;' _chate_, a she-cat--L. _catus_, _peleuse_, hairy--L. _pilosus_, _pilum_.]

CATERWAUL, kat'[.e]r-wawl, _n._ the shriek or cry emitted by the cat when in heat.--_v.i._ to make such a noise, to make any discordant sound: to behave lasciviously: to quarrel like cats.--_n._ CAT'ERWAULING. [The second part is prob. imit.]

CATES, k[=a]tz, _n.pl._ dainty food.

CATGUT. See CAT.

CATHARIST, kath'ar-ist, _n._ one professing a higher standard of purity in life and doctrine, a puritan: esp. a member of a Manichean heretical sect of the Middle Ages, which spread over the whole of southern and western Europe--confounded with the kindred sect of Paulicians, reaching the greatest numbers in southern France, where, as the Albigenses, they were ruthlessly stamped out by the Inquisition.--_n._ CATH'ARISM. [Gr. _katharistai_, _katharizein_, to purify.]

CATHARTIC, -AL, kath-ärt'ik, -al, _adj._ having the power of cleansing the stomach and bowels: purgative.--_v.t._ CATH'ARISE, to render absolutely clean.--_ns._ CATHAR'SIS, evacuation of the bowels; CATHART'IC, a purgative medicine; CATHAR'TIN, the purgative principle of senna. [Gr. _kathartikos_, fit for cleansing, _katharos_, clean.]

CATHEAD. See CAT.

CATHEDRAL, kath-[=e]d'ral, _n._ the principal church of a diocese, in which is the seat or throne of a bishop.--_adj._ belonging to a cathedral.--_n._ CATHED'RA, a bishop's seat, the episcopal dignity--EX CATHEDRA, from the chair, officially given forth.--_adjs._ CATHEDRAL'IC, CATHEDRALESQUE', CATHED'RALED, vaulted like a cathedral.--_n._ CATHED'RALISM, the cathedral system.--_adj._ CATHEDRAT'IC, promulgated _ex cathedra_, authoritative. [L. _cathedra_--Gr. _kathedra_, a seat.]

CATHERINE-WHEEL, kath'e-rin-hw[=e]l, _n._ (_archit._) an ornamented window or compartment of a window, of a circular form, with radiating divisions of various colours: (_her._) a wheel set round with teeth: a kind of firework which in burning rotates like a wheel.--CATHERINE PEAR, a small and early variety of pear.--TURN CATHERINE-WHEELS, to make a series of somersaults sideways. [From St _Catherine_ of Alexandria, whom legend makes to suffer martyrdom in the 4th century by torture on a wheel.]

CATHETER, kath'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a tube to be introduced through the urethra into the bladder to draw off the urine, or for injecting air or fluids into the Eustachian tube.--_ns._ CATH'ETERISM; CATHETOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring small differences of level of different liquids in tubes; CATH'ETUS, a straight line falling perpendicularly on another straight line or surface. [Gr. _kathetos_, perpendicular, _kathet[=e]r_, from _kathienai_, to send down.]

CATHISMA, ka-thiz'ma, _n._ in Greek use, a portion of the psalter, there being altogether twenty cathismata: a troparion or short hymn used as a response. [Gr., _kathizein_, to sit down.]

CATHODE, kath-[=o]d', _n._ the negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery, as opposed to _anode_: the surface in contact with the negative pole: the object to be coated in electroplating--_adj._ CATH'ODAL. [Gr. _kathodos_, a going down, _kata_, down, _hodos_, a way.]

CAT-HOLE. See CAT.

CATHOLIC, kath'ol-ik, _adj._ universal: general, embracing the whole body of Christians: orthodox, as opposed to _heterodox_ and _sectarian_--applied esp. to the Christian Church before the great schism between the East and the West: liberal, the opposite of exclusive: relating to the name claimed by its adherents for the Church of Rome as the alleged sole visible representative of the church founded by Christ and His apostles--the characteristic marks of the Catholic Church being _universality_, _antiquity_, _unity_: relating to the Roman Catholics.--_n._ an adherent of the R.C. Church.--_v.t._ CATHOL'ICISE, to make Catholic.--_ns._ CATHOL'ICISM, CATHOLIC'ITY, universality: liberality or breadth of view: the tenets of the R.C. Church; CATHOL'ICON, a universal remedy or panacea; CATHOL'ICOS, the Patriarch of Armenia.--CATHOLIC CREDITOR (_law of Scot._), one whose debt is secured over several or the whole subjects belonging to the debtor--e.g. over two or more heritable estates; CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION, the relief of the Roman Catholics from certain vexatious penal regulations and restrictions, granted in 1829; CATHOLIC or GENERAL EPISTLES, the name given to certain epistles in the canon addressed not to particular churches or individuals, but either to the Church universal or to a large and indefinite circle of readers--originally only 1 John and 1 Peter, but, as early as the 3d century, also James, Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John; CATHOLIC KING, a title given specially to the king of Spain.--OLD CATHOLICS, the title assumed by a number of Catholics who at Munich protested against the new dogma of the personal infallibility of the pope in all _ex cathedrâ_ deliverances proclaimed by the Vatican Council in 1870--now a considerable communion or church in Germany and Switzerland. [Gr. _katholicos_, universal--_kata_, throughout, _holos_, the whole.]

CATILINE, kat'il-[=i]n, _n._ the type of a daring and reckless conspirator, from L. Sergius _Catilina_, whose plot to destroy Rome was foiled by Cicero, 63 B.C.--_adj._ CAT'ILIN[=A]RIAN.

CATKIN. See CAT.

CAT-LOG, kat'-log, _n._ (_Shak._). CATALOGUE.

CATONIAN, ka-t[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ resembling _Cato_, the Roman Censor (died 149 B.C.), or Cato Uticensis (95-46 B.C.), both remarkable for gravity of manners--hence grave, severe, unbending.

CATOPTRIC, kat-op'trik, _adj._ relating to catoptrics or vision by reflection.--_n.pl._ CATOP'TRICS, the part of optics which treats of reflected light. [Gr.; from _katoptron_, a mirror--_kata_, against, _optesthai_, to see.]

CAT'S-TAIL. See CAT.