Chapter 18
The high altar with its retablo and the royal sarcophagi are separated from the rest of the chapel by the most stupendous and magnificent iron screen or reja ever executed. Spaniards have here surpassed all their earlier productions in this their master craft. Not even the screens of the great choir and altar of Seville or Toledo can compare with it. With the possible exception of the curious Biblical scenes naively represented by groups of figures near the apex, which still tell their story in true Gothic style, it is a burst of Renaissance, or Plateresque glory. It is not likely that the crafts, with all their mechanical skill, will ever again produce a work of such artistic perfection. It represents the labor of an army of skilled artisans,--all the sensitive feeling in the finger-tips of the Italian goldsmith, the most cunning art of the German armorer and a combination of restraint and boldness in the Spanish smith and forger. The difficulty naturally offered by the material has also restrained the artisan's hand and imagination from running riot in vulgar elaboration. The design, made by Maestro Bartolomé of Jaen in 1523, is as excellent as the technique is astonishing. It may be said that in grandeur it is only surpassed by the fame of the Queen whose remains lie below. The material is principally wrought iron, though some of the ornaments are of embossed silver plate and portions of it gilded as well as colored. Bartolomé's design consists in general of three superimposed and highly decorated rows of twisted iron bars with molded caps and bases. Each one must have been a most massive forging, hammered out of the solid iron while it was red hot. The vertically aspiring lines of the bars are broken by horizontal rows of foliage, cherubs' heads and ornamentation, as well as two broad bands of cornices with exquisitely decorated friezes. Larger pilasters and columns form its panels, the central ones of which constitute the doorway and enclose the elaborate arms of Ferdinand and Isabella and those of their inherited and conquered kingdoms. The screen is crested by a rich border of pictorial scenes, of flambeaux and foliated Renaissance scrollwork, above which in the centre is throned the crucified Saviour adored by the Virgin and Saint John. The crucifix rises to the height of the very capitals which carry the lofty vaulting.
Inside the reja, a few steps above the tombs, rises Philip Vigarny's, or Borgoña's, elaborate reredos. To the Protestant sense this is gaudy and theatrical, a strikingly garish note in the solemnity and grandeur of the chapel. To the right and left of its base are, however, most interesting carvings, among them the kneeling statues of Ferdinand and Isabella. Behind the former is his victorious banner of Castile. The figures are vitally interesting as contemporaneous portraits of the monarchs, aiming to reproduce with fidelity their features and every detail of their dress. There is also a series of bas-reliefs portraying incidents in the siege of Granada,--the Cardinal on a prancing charger, behind him a forest of lances, the lurid, flaming sky throwing out in sharp silhouette the pierced walls and rent battlements. The Moors, very much like dogs shrinking from a beating, are being dragged to the baptismal font;--the gesticulating prelates hold aloft in one hand the cross and in the other, the sword, for the tunicked figures to make their choice. The scene has been described by Sir W. Stirling Maxwell, who tells us "that in one day no less than three thousand persons received baptism at the hands of the Primate, who sprinkled them with the hyssop of collective regeneration."
Again, in another, the cringing Boabdil is presenting the keys of the city to the "three kings." Isabella is on a white genet, and Mendoza, like the old pictures of Wolsey, on a trapped mule. Ferdinand is there in all his magnificence; the knights, the halberdiers and horsemen, all the details of the dramatic moment, full of the greatest imaginable historic and antiquarian interest, perpetuated by one who was probably an eye-witness of the scene.
At the foot of the altar, in the centre of the chapel, stand the tombs of Ferdinand and Isabella and of Philip and Joan. They are as gorgeous specimens of sepulchral monuments as the reja is of an ecclesiastical iron screen. Both sarcophagi are executed in the softest flushed alabaster; that of Ferdinand and Isabella by the Florentine Dominico Fancelli; that of their daughter and her son by the Barcelonian Bartolomé Ordenez, "The Eagle of Relief," who carved his blocks at Carrara. The tomb of poor crazy Jane, and the unworthy, handsome husband whom she doted on to the extent of carrying his body with her throughout the doleful wronged insanity of her later years, is somewhat more elevated than that of the Catholic Kings, though its general design is very similar. Philip of Austria sleeps vested with the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Isabella's celebrated will begins with her desire that her body may be taken to Granada and there laid to rest in the Franciscan monastery of Santa Isabella in the Alhambra, with a simple tomb and inscription: "but should the King, my lord, prefer a sepulchre in some other place, then my will is that my body be there transported, and laid where he can be placed by my side, that the union we have enjoyed in this world, and which through the mercy of God may be hoped for again when our souls are in heaven, may be symbolized by our bodies being side by side on earth." The humble burying-ground designated by Isabella, and where she was first laid to rest with the simple rites she desired, was, however, no fitting place for the grandparents of Imperial Charles. Here, in the Cathedral's principal chapel, he had them laid in the year 1525.
The sarcophagus consists of three stages, containing the ornamental motives so characteristic of the best sculpture of the Italian Renaissance. No other form of statuary brought out their skill and genius so fully as a sepulchral monument. Medallions, statues, niches,saints, angels, griffins and garlands are all woven into a magnificent base to receive the recumbent effigies. Apostles and bas-reliefs of scenes from the life of Christ surround the base, while winged griffins break the angles. Above are the four Doctors of the Church, the arms of the Catholic Kings and the proud and simple epitaph, "Mahometicē sectē prostratores et hereticē pervicaciē extinctores: Fernandus Aragonium et Helisabetha Castellē, vir et uxor unanimes, catholici appelati, marmoreo clauduntur tumulo."[22] In tranquil crowned dignity above lie Ferdinand in his mantle of knighthood, his sword clasped over his armored breast, and Isabella with the cross of her country's patron saint. The recumbent figures are extremely fine; the faces, which are portraits, convey all we know of their prototypes' characteristics. Ferdinand's proud, pursed lips whisper his selfish arrogance, his iron will, and the greatness and fulfillment of his dreams. The hard, masterful jaw confirms the character given him by the shrewd French cynic as one of the most thorough egotists who ever sat on a throne, as well as that of his English son-in-law, who knew enough to call him "the wisest king that ever ruled Spain."
Beside Ferdinand sleeps his lion-hearted consort. It is her lofty soul which broods over the sepulchre and heightens the feeling of reverence already inspired by reja and sarcophagus. She is still the brightest star that ever rose in the Spanish firmament and shone in clear radiance above even the lights of Ximenez, of Columbus, or the Great Captain. Her smile is now as cold and her look as placid as moonlight sleeping on snow.
Noble, tender-hearted and true, dauntless, self-sacrificing and faithful, she rose supreme in every relation of life and the great crisis of her people's history. "In all her revelations of Queen or Woman," said Lord Bacon, "she was an honour to her sex, and the corner stone of the greatness of Spain."
Standing before her tomb, on the battlefield of her victorious armies, the clear perspective and calm judgment of four centuries still declare her "of rare qualities,--sweet gentleness, meekness, saint-like, wife-like government, the Queen of earthly queens."
BOOKS CONSULTED
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BERMUDEZ, CEAN. _Noticias de los Arquitectos y Arquitectura de España._
CAVEDA, JOSÉ. _Ensayo Historico sobre los diversos Generos de Arquitectura._
DIDIER. _Année en Espagne._
DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, PÈRE. _De Paris à Cadiz._
ELLIS, HAVELOCK. _Macmillan's_, May, 1903 (vol. 88).
FORD, RICHARD. _The Spaniards and their Country._
FORD, RICHARD. _Gatherings in Spain._
GAUTIER, THÉOPHILE. _Voyage En Espagne._
HARE, A. J. C. _Wanderings in Spain._
HAY, JOHN. _Castilian Days._
HUME, M. A. S. _The Spanish People._
HUME AND BURKE. _History of Spain._
HUTTON, EDWARD. _The Cities of Spain._
HUTTON, EDWARD. _Studies in Lives of the Saints._
IRVING, WASHINGTON. _Alhambra._
JUNGHAENDEL, MAX. _Die Baukunst Spanien's._
LAMPEREZ Y ROMEA, D. VICENTE. _Estudio sobre las Catedrales Españas._
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MEAGHER, JAMES L. _The Great Churches of the World._
MOORE, CHARLES HERBERT. _Development and Character of Gothic Architecture._
NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT. _Church-building in the Middle Ages._
ORCAJO, DON PEDRO. _Historia de la Catedral de Burgos._
PEYRON, JEAN FRANÇOIS. _Essays on Spain._
PRESCOTT, W. H. _Ferdinand and Isabella._
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INDEX
Aaron, 54.
Abel, 110.
Abu Jakub Jusuf, 203, 231.
Abraham, 153.
Acropolis, 240.
Acuna, Bishop of, 48, 49, 62.
Adaja, 67.
Adam, 227, 259.
Adriatic, 201.
Africa, 194.
Aguero, Campo, 184.
Alava, Juan de, 22, 177, 207.
Alcides, 193.
Alcaide, 127, 259.
Alcantara, Bridge of, 123.
Alcantara, Order of, 128.
Alcazar of Avila, 84.
Alcazar of Segovia, 169, 171, 172, 173.
Alcazar of Seville, 209, 230.
Alcazar of Toledo, 123.
Alcazerias, Toledo, 129.
Aleman, Christobal, 228.
Alfaqui Abu Walid, 154.
Alfonso, architect of Toledo, 135, 141.
Alfonso I, 68, 127, 243.
Alfonso III, 37.
Alfonso IV, 129, 130, 156.
Alfonso VI, 5, 7, 37, 61, 68, 69, 91, 96, 127, 220.
Alfonso VII, 155.
Alfonso VIII, 73, 154.
Alfonso IX, 5, 6, 74, 96.
Alfonso X, The Wise, 47, 70, 97, 169, 219, 225, 231.
Alfonso XI, 36, 155, 171.
Alfonso, King, 34.
Alfonso de Cartagena, Bishop, 49, 52, 62.
Alfonsinas, Tablas, 219.
Alhambra, 240, 241, 244, 259, 260, 263.
Alleman, Jorge Fernandez, 207.
Almanzor, 95.
Almeria, 194.
Almohaden, 203, 243.
Almorvides, 243.
Alpujarras, 241.
Alvarez of Toledo, Juan, 44.
Alvaro, Maestro, 23.
Amiens, Cathedral of, 25, 43, 93, 94, 124, 131, 163, 201.
Andalusia, 122, 191, 192, 194, 201.
Andino, Cristobal, 51.
Angelo, Michael, 153, 251.
Angers, Bishop of, 20.
Angevine School, 40.
Anna, Sta., 41, 48.
Antonio, St., 222.
Apostles, 144, 229.
Aquitaine, 7, 10, 15.
Aragon, King of, 48, 127.
Aragon, Province of, 19, 122, 143, 207, 256.
Arge, Juan de, 107.
Arnao de Flanders, 229.
Astorga, 20.
Asterio, Bishop of, 61.
Asturias, 34, 69, 70, 94, 95.
Augustus, Emperor, 94.
Avila, Cathedral of, 65-87.
Aymar, 70.
Ayuntamiento, Toledo, 129.
Azeu, Bernard of, 91.
Bacon, Lord, 265.
Badajoz, Juan, 22, 97.
Bagdad, 127.
Bætica, Provincia, 193.
Bætis, 193, 215.
Baldwin, Maestro, 107.
Banderas, Seville, Patio de las, 201.
Bandinelli, Baccio, 153.
Barcelona, 228.
Bartolomé of Jaen, 261.
Basle, Council of, 49, 62.
Baudelaire, 214.
Bautizo, Seville, door of, 208.
Beatrice of Suabia, 53, 223.
Beauvais, Cathedral of, 93.
Belgium, 162.
Bellini, Giovanni, 162.
Bellver, Riccardo, 208.
Benavente, Cathedral of, 142.
Benedict, St., 5.
Benedictines, 37, 220.
Benilo, 70.
Berenzuela, Queen, 92.
Bermudez, Cean, 44, 45, 69, 134, 199.
Bernard, Archbishop of Toledo, 7, 130, 154, 156.
Berroqueña, 138, 141.
Berruguete, Alfonso, 79, 134, 151, 153, 250.
Berruguete, Pedro, 79.
Blanche of France, 47.
Blas, Gil, 169, 252.
Blasquez Dean Blasco, 74.
Blois, 256.
Boabdil, 243, 262.
Boldan, 227.
Bologna, University of, 6.
Bordeaux, 93.
Borgoña, 224.
Borgoña, Juan de, 79, 134.
Borgoña, Philip, 151, 152, 177, 262.
Boston, 18.
Bourges, Cathedral of, 94, 134.
Brizuela, Pedro, 187.
Bruges, Carlos de, 229.
Brunelleschi, 176.
Brussels, 247.
Bugia, 260.
Burgos, Cathedral of, 30-63, 80, 81, 86, 93, 97, 101, 105, 106, 111, 131, 132, 134, 141, 177, 183, 199, 207, 224, 258.
Burgos, Bishopric of, 122.
Burgundy, School of, 10, 13.
Burne-Jones, 50.
Cadiz, 194.
Cæsar, Julius, 193.
Calderon, 6.
Caliphs, 4.
Calix, 157.
Calatrava, Order of, 128.
Calixtus III, Pope, 8.
Campaña, Pedro, 195.
Campero, Juan, 22.
Campo, Juan del, 259.
Canary Isles, 260.
Cano, Alfonso, 195, 227, 248, 258, 259.
Cantabria, 70.
Capulet, 138.
Capitan, Calle del Gran, 201.
Carlos de Bruges, 229.
Carmona, 82.
Carpentania, 124.
Casanova, 208.
Castanela, Juan de, 44, 45.
Castile, Province of, 6, 19, 30, 33, 34, 68, 72, 74, 92, 95, 122, 127, 135, 136, 143, 159, 171, 172, 178, 207, 215, 219, 243, 244, 256, 264.
Catalina, Toledo, Puerta de Sta., 145.
Catarina, Burgos, Chapel of, 41, 60.
Catharine Plantagenet, Queen, 159. Catholic Kings, 20, 128, 143, 172, 217, 242, 256.
Caveda, 199, 200.
Cebrian, Pedro, 97.
Celandra, Enrique Bernardino de, 229.
Cellini, 152.
Cervantes, 196.
Cespedes, Domingo de, 134, 150.
Ceuta, 192.
Chambord, 210.
Champagne, 99.
Charles V, Emperor, 45, 46, 71, 137, 153, 171, 172, 173, 225, 251, 254, 263.
Charles, Prince of England, 169, 245.
Chartres, Cathedral of, 40, 93, 94, 102, 109, 141, 201.
Chartudi, Martin Ruiz de, 179.
Chico, Patio, 18, 24, 25.
Christopher, St., 162.
Chronicles, 192.
Churriguera, 28.
Cid, Campeador, 33, 123, 127, 134, 200.
Cisneros, Cardinal, 80.
Cistercians, 40.
Citeaux, 130.
Clamores, 167.
Clara, Sta., 172, 173, 177, 185.
Clement, St., 102.
Cluny, 5, 7, 10, 130, 131, 220.
Cologne, 138, 211.
Colonia, Diego de, 49.
Colonia, Francisco de, 57, 60.
Colonia, Juan de, 49, 60, 62, 101.
Colonia, Simon de, 49.
Columbina Library, 209, 215.
Columbus, 197, 204, 215, 216, 227, 244, 265.
Compero, Juan de, 178.
Compostella, St. James of, 157.
Compostella, Cathedral of, 96.
Comuneros, 71.
Comunidades, 127, 173, 182.
Constable, Burgos, Chapel of, 41, 49, 57, 58.
Constance, Queen, 130, 154, 156, 220.
Constantine, 235.
Constantinople, 219.
Copin, 134.
Cordova, Caliphate of, 5, 194, 195, 203, 204, 230, 231, 242, 243, 247.
Cornelis, 83.
Coroneria, Burgos, Puerta de la, 47, 56.
Corpus Christi, Burgos, Chapel of, 41.
Corpus Domini, Feast of, 219.
Cortes, 36, 125.
Cortez, 197.
Council of the Indies, 197.
Councils, 126, 157.
Covarrubias, Alfonso, 22, 134, 177.
Cristela, St., 86.
Cristobal, Seville, Gate of St., 209.
Cruz, Granada, Hospital of Sta., 247.
Cruz, Valladolid, Colegio de, 247.
Cruz, Santos, 79.
Cubillas, Garcia de, 174, 177, 179.
Cuevas, Monastery of Las, 227.
Dado, Chapel of Nuestra Señora del, 114.
Damascus, 2.
Dancart, 218.
Daniel, 112.
Darro, 240, 255.
David, 3, 48, 112, 158, 254.
Davila, Bishop Blasquez, 74.
Davila, Juan Arias, 171, 177, 184.
Davila, Sancho, 82.
Denis, Abbey of St., 40.
Dominican, 128, 218.
Dominic, St., 6.
Donatello, 152.
Doncelles, Seville, Capilla de los, 229.
Dueñas, Convent of Las, 30.
Duke, Iron, 245.
Durham, 123.
Dumas, Alexandre, 241.
Eden, Garden of, 241.
Edward I, 33.
Egas, Annequin de, 135.
Egas, Anton de, 21, 22, 134.
Egas, Enrique de, 135, 177, 207, 224, 247, 248, 249, 260.
Egypt, 209.
Eleanor of Castile, 33.
Eleanor Plantagenet, 37.
Ellis, Havelock, 214.
Ely, Cathedral of, 148.
England, 33, 124, 149.
Enrique, Architect, 54, 60, 97.
Enrique II, 70.
Enriquez, Beatrix, 215.
Erasma, 167.
Eslava, 214.
Esteban, Burgos, Church of San, 34.
Esteban, Salamanca, Church of San, 30, 44.
Estrella, 72.
Eugenio IV, 74.
Eugenio, St., 141.
Europe, 162, 194, 215.
Eve, 227, 259.
Exodus, 153.
Ezekiel, 192.
Fancelli, Dominico, 263.
Fanez, Alvar, 123.
Ferdinand I, 34, 95. Ferdinand III, St., 37, 48, 53, 61, 70, 92, 131, 193, 195, 203, 209, 219, 224, 225, 231, 232, 249.
Ferdinand of Aragon, 20, 49, 82, 127, 128, 136, 137, 152, 244, 251, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265.
Ferdinand, Infante, 47.
Ferguson, 206.
Fernandez, Alejo, 195.
Fernandez, Marco Jorge, 218.
Fernandez, Martin, 60.
Flanders, 183.
Florence, 70, 196, 223, 230.
Fonfria, 167.
Fonseca, Bishop Don Juan Rodriguez de, 56, 136.
France, 28, 44, 47, 69, 72, 92, 94, 109, 123, 132, 133, 149, 153, 162, 183, 200, 207.
Francesco de Salamanca, 218.
Francis, St., 137.
Franciscan Monastery, 263.
Frederic of Germany, 92.
Friola, St., 114, 167.
Front of Périgueux, St., 15.
Frumonio, Bishop, 95.
Frutos, St., 174.
Gallichan's Story of Seville, 197, 199.
Gallo, Torre del, 15.
Ganza, Martin, 225.
Garcia, Alvar, 72.
Garcia, Pedro, 207.
Gautier, Théophile, 46, 122, 151, 199.
Gayangos, 231.
Generaliffe, 241.
Germany, 93, 162, 183.
Gever, 231.
Ghiberti, 48, 152.
Gibbon, Grinling, 27.
Gil de Hontañon, Juan, 22, 23, 28, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 207.
Gil de Hontañon, Rodrigo, 23, 179, 184.
Giralda, 201, 209, 229, 230, 232, 234, 235.
Giraldo, Luis, 83.
Goethe, 239.
Goliath, 3.
Gomez, Alvar, 136, 141.
Gonzales, Bishop, 97.
Gonzales, Ferdinand, 33, 34.
Gonzalo, Don, 53.
Gorda, 142.
Goya, 162, 201, 226, 227.
Granada, Cathedral of, 182, 216, 224, 237-265.
Granada, Province of, 122, 138, 152, 194, 195, 230.
Granados, José, 248.
Gray, Thomas, 167.
Greco, El, 162, 227.
Gredos, Sierra, 67, 121.
Greece, 153, 197, 223.
Gregory the Great, 126.
Gregory VII, 91, 220.
Guadalquivir, 197, 235.
Guadarrama, Sierra de, 34, 67.
Guarda, Angel de la, 222, 223.
Guas, Juan, 135.
Guzman, 226.
Hagenbach, Peter, 221.
Hannibal, 5, 243.
Hapsburg, 217.
Hare, 264.
Havana, 227.
Hell, Toledo, Gate of, 143.
Henry of Aragon, 159.
Henry II, 53, 155, 160, 178.
Henry III, 155.
Henry IV, 172.
Henry VII, 244.
Henry VIII, 61, 164.
Hercules, 192, 193.
Hermanidad, Dependencias de la, 210.
Hernando, 244.
Herrera, 195, 227.
Hispalis, 194.
Hispania, Citerior, 68.
Hispaniola, 227.
Holanda, Teodor de, 259.
Holando, Alberto, 80.
Holy Office, 196, 243.
Houssaye, La, 151.
Howell, James, 245.
Hoz, Juan de, 207.
Huelva, 194.
Iago, Burgos, Chapel of St., 60.
Iberian Peninsula, 136.
Ildefonso, St., 108, 127, 143, 147, 157, 158.
Ildefonso, Toledo, Chapel of St., 157.
Indies, 128, 260.
Innocent III, 20, 92, 93.
Inquisition, 128, 243, 244.
Irving, Washington, 160, 244.
Isaac, 153.
Isabella, 20, 62, 82, 127, 128, 131, 136, 137, 138, 152, 154, 195, 224, 244, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264.
Isabella, Granada, Monastery of Sta., 263.
Isabella of Portugal, 160.
Isaiah, 48, 106, 192.
Isidore, 126, 220, 221.
Islam, 202, 227, 247.
Isle-de-France, 99, 102.
Italy, 72, 93, 153, 196, 200, 223, 254.
Ixbella, 194.
Jacob, 153.
Jaen, 194, 195, 208, 260.
Jain Temples, 205.
James I, 136.
James, St., 54.
James, Professor, 87.
Janera, Cathedral of, 153.
Jeremiah, 112.
Jeronimo, Granada, Puerta de, 254.
Jerusalem, 29, 214, 229, 256.
Jesse, Tree of, 162.
John, St., 55, 57, 208, 219, 256, 262.
John the Baptist, Toledo, Hospital of St., 153.
John I, 155.
John II, 159.
Jonah, 192.
Joshua, 112.
Juan, Don, 134.
Juan, Bishop of Sabina, 171.
Juan, Toledo, chapel of St., 161.
Juan, Seville, door of St., 208.
Juana, Queen, 21, 225, 263.
Judgment, Last, 126.
Junta, Santa, 71.
Justa, Sta., 226, 232.
Jusquin, Maestro, 101, 110.
Karnattah, 242.
Kempeneer, 222.
Koran, 234.
Lagarto, Seville, door of, 209.
Lamperez y Romea, Señor D., 9, 40, 76, 108.
Lara, Bishop Manrique, 96.
Latin, 126, 187, 193, 232.
Lazarus, 229.
Leander, 220.
Leocadia, Sta., 157, 158.
Leon, Cathedral of, 26, 36, 39, 43, 80, 81, 82, 86, 90, 117, 132, 134, 142, 177, 198, 199, 212, 256.
Leon, Kingdom of, 5, 6, 19, 30, 34, 69, 127, 215.
Lerida, Cathedral of, 133.
Lerma, Bishop Gonzalvo da, 52.
Lions, Toledo, gate of, 144, 161.
Llana, Toledo, gate of, 145.
Lockhart, 245.
Loevgild, 94, 126.
Loja, 241.
Lombardy, 201, 206, 243, 251.
London, 204, 244.
Lonja, Seville, gate of, 209.
Lopez, Pedro, 207.
Lorenzana, 136.
Louis, St., 47, 92.
Lucas of Holland, 152.
Luis, Fray, 6.
Luna, Count Alvaro de, 159.
Luther, 86.
Lusitania, 5.
Madrid, 96, 128, 173, 206.
Madrigal, Tostada de, 79.
Maeda, Juan de, 248, 253, 254.
Magi, adoration of the, 104.
Malaga, 248.
Mancha, La, 93.
Manrico de Lara, Francisco, 23.
Mans, Cathedral of Le, 148.
Mantanzas, D. Juan Ruiz, 156.
Maria, Burgos, gate of Sta., 60.
Maria, de la Encarnacion, Sta., Granada, 246.
Maria, Burgos, Sta. Maria la Mayor, 34, 57, 60.
Maria, Leon, Sta., 92, 96, 98, 116.
Maria del Fiore, Sta., 17, 176, 201.
Maria, de la O., Sta., 246.
Maria de la Sede, Seville, Sta., 203, 207, 213, 214, 219, 228, 230.
Mary, Virgin, 104, 130, 157, 158, 167, 171, 173, 174, 179, 195, 217, 219, 220, 227, 258, 262.
Mary Magdalen, 229.
Marin, Juan, 223.
Marin, Lope, 209. Marks, St., 12, 15, 230.
Marmont, 30.
Martial, 193.
Martin, 214.
Maurice, Bishop, 37, 46, 49, 54, 61.
Maxwell, Sir W. Stirling, 262.
Medina, Pedro de, 97.
Mediterranean, 122, 193.
Meister Wilhelm, 239.
Mellan, Pedro, 207, 208.
Menardo, Vicente, 229.
Mendoza, Doña Mencia de, 50.
Mendoza, 136, 138, 143, 155, 226, 262.
Merida, 68.
Mesquita, 231.
Mexico, 197.
Micer, 228.
Michael, St., 86.
Miguel, Florentino, 196, 207, 223.
Miguel, San, 172, 173, 185.
Miguel, Seville, Door of St., 208.
Milan, Cathedral of, 138, 204, 206.
Milo, Venus of, 212.
Miserere, 214.
Mohamed, 244.
Molina, Juan Sanchez de, 60.
Montagues, 138.
Montañez, 217, 227, 249, 258.
Moses, 54, 112, 254.
Mogaguren, Juan de, 179, 186.
Munoz, Sancho, 217.
Murillo, 196, 222, 227, 258.
Nacimiento, Seville, doors of, 207.
Nacimiento, Salamanca, door of, 25.
Nantes, 93.
Naples, 191, 260.
Napoleon, 135.
Naranjos, Seville, door of the, 209.
Narbonne, 93, 157.
Nasrides, 243.
Navarre, 72, 92, 256.
Navas de Tolosa, Las, 70, 93, 154.
Netherlands, 196.
Nevada, Sierra, 241, 242.
Ney, 30.
Nicholas, Church of, Burgos, 34.
Nicholas Florentino, 14.
Nile, 209.
Norman, Juan de, 207.
Odysseus, 192.
Oliquelas, 139.
Ontoria, 42.
Orazco, Juan de, 22.
Ordoñez, Bartolomé, 263.
Ordoño, King, 95, 113, 114.
Ouen of Rouen, Cathedral of St., 28.
Oviedo, 34, 196, 198.
Oxford, University of, 6.
Padella, 127, 225.
Palazzo del Goberno Civil, Salamanca, 28.
Pardon, Burgos, Door of, 61.
Pardon, Granada, Door of, 254.
Pardon, Segovia, Door of, 185.
Pardon, Seville, Door of, 209.
Pardon, Toledo, Door of, 126, 143.
Paris, 219.
Paris, University of, 6.
Paris, Cathedral of, 25, 101, 105, 148, 163, 199.
Parthenon, 212.
Pater, Walter, 125.
Paul, St., 30, 54, 62, 85, 142, 209, 164.
Paul's, London, St., 204, 244.
Pedro, Avila, Church of St., 71.
Pedro, Bishop of Avila, Don, 72.
Pedro de Aguilar, 155.