Carpentry

15. Roof framing; 16. Framing the common rafter; laying out the plumb cut; 17. Finding the length of a common rafter; 18. Laying off a common rafter seat cut and end cut. 19. Ri...

30. Tangents; miter cuts of plate; 31. Octagonal roofs; 32. Common rafter for plate of any number of sides; 33. Hip and valley rafters for octagon and other polygons; 34. Plumb...

58. Lathing; grounds; 59. Interior walls; 60. Stair building; porch steps; 61. Risers and treads; 62. Porches; 63. Interior finish; 64. Setting door jambs; 65. Fitting window sa...

74. Methods of estimating; 75. Table for estimating by cubic-foot unit; 76. Grading rules; 77. Estimating lumber quantities; 78. Estimating millwork quantities; 79. Example of f...

=1. Laying out Foundations.=--In most communities it is customary for the carpenter to be present and to assist the mason in the laying out of the foundations. Where buildings a...

=9. Methods of Framing the Superstructure.=--In the early days when lumber was plentiful, houses and barns were framed in what is known as "full frame." Such frames consisted of...

=15. Roof Framing.=--The problem of framing the various members of a roof is not a difficult one provided the underlying principles are understood, and dependence placed upon th...

=30. Tangents; Miter Cuts of the Plate.=--Before the principles involved in the laying out of rafters on any type of roof can be understood, a clearer idea of the term tangent a...

=49. Sheathing or Sheeting.=--After the frame work of a building is erected and the openings made in the frame for windows and doors, the sheeting is to be placed. Sheeting is p...

=58. Lathing; Grounds.=--Lathing is usually considered a part of the plasterer's work but the carpenter is expected to prepare the grounds and place the necessary furrings. The...

=74. Methods of Estimating.=--Building costs may be divided into two main divisions, cost of material and cost of labor. There is but one so-called safe way to figure or estimat...