Part 29

=======+======================================== | Exports of domestic manufactures. -------+-------------+-------------+------------- | United | | United Year. | Kingdom. | Germany. | States.[F] -------+-------------+-------------+------------- | Dollars. | Dollars. | Dollars. 1875 | 978,886,000| ........ | 101,962,000 1880 | 970,681,000| 460,279,000| 121,818,000 1885 | 913,353,000| 504,623,000| 150,256,000 1890 |1,118,657,000| 511,096,000| 178,982,000 1895 | 953,800,000| 518,723,000| 205,058,000 1900 |1,142,603,000| 709,806,000| 484,846,000 1901 |1,110,131,000| 688,409,000| 465,778,000 1902 |1,127,606,000| 735,182,000| 453,865,000 1903 |1,163,812,000| 780,925,000| 467,898,000 1904 |1,204,359,000| 819,196,000| 523,320,000 1905 |1,322,851,000| 910,017,000| 611,426,000 1906 |1,523,699,000|1,046,938,000| 686,023,000 1907 |1,690,038,000| No data. | 740,123,000 1908 | | | 750,576,000 -------+-------------+-------------+-------------

[E] Imports for consumption.

[F] Years ending June 30.

Exportation of Manufactures from United Kingdom and United States, 291 respectively, at quinquennial years, 1870 to 1908.

[From official statistics of the respective governments.]

=========+====================+==================== | From the United | From the United | Kingdom. | States. Year[G] | Millions dollars. | Millions dollars. ---------+--------------------+-------------------- 1870 | 888 | 70 1875 | 979 | 102 1880 | 965 | 122 1885 | 915 | 150 1890 | 1,112 | 179 1895 | 941 | 205 1900 | 1,126 | 485 1905 | 1,329 | 611 1907 | 1,694 | 740 1908 | 1,445 | 751 ---------+--------------------+--------------------

[G] For United States, fiscal years; for United Kingdom, calendar years.

Coal Production of the World by Principal Countries, at quinquennial periods from 1870 to 1895 and annually since that date.

[From reports of the United States Geological Survey.]

=======+============+============+============+===========+ | | | | | | United | Great | | | Year. | States. | Britain. | Germany. | France. | | | | | | -------+------------+------------+------------+-----------+ | Short tons.| Short tons.| Short tons.|Short tons.| 1870 | 33,035,580| 123,682,935| 37,488,312| 14,530,716| 1875 | 52,348,320| 149,303,263| 52,703,970| 18,694,916| 1880 | 71,481,570| 164,605,738| 65,177,634| 21,346,124| 1885 | 111,160,295| 178,473,588| 81,227,255| 21,510,359| 1890 | 157,770,963| 203,408,003| 98,398,500| 28,756,638| 1895 | 193,117,530| 212,320,725| 114,561,318| 30,877,922| 1896 | 191,986,357| 218,804,611| 123,943,159| 32,167,270| 1897 | 200,229,199| 226,385,523| 132,762,882| 33,938,987| 1898 | 219,976,267| 226,301,058| 144,283,196| 35,656,426| 1899 | 253,741,192| 246,506,155| 149,719,766| 36,215,026| 1900 | 269,684,027| 252,203,056| 164,805,202| 36,811,536| 1901 | 293,299,816| 245,332,578| 168,217,082| 35,596,536| 1902 | 301,590,439| 254,346,447| 165,826,496| 33,286,146| 1903 | 357,356,416| 257,974,605| 179,076,630| 38,466,873| 1904 | 351,816,398| 260,319,665| 186,785,378| 37,663,349| 1905 | 392,722,635| 264,464,408| 191,576,074| 38,951,360| 1906 | 414,157,278| 281,195,743| 222,350,526| 37,828,931| -------+------------+------------+------------+-----------+

=======+================+======= | | Per |Total production| cent Year. | of the | of | world. | U. S. -------+----------------+------- | Short tons. | 1870 | 234,850,088| 14.07 1875 | 308,479,177| 16.97 1880 | 369,413,780| 20.62 1885 | 447,783,802| 24.82 1890 | 563,693,232| 27.99 1895 | 644,177,076| 29.98 1896 | 664,001,718| 28.92 1897 | 697,213,515| 28.72 1898 | 738,129,608| 29.80 1899 | 801,976,021| 31.63 1900 | 846,041,848| 31.88 1901 | 870,711,044| 33.69 1902 | 888,453,950| 33.95 1903 | 972,195,531| 36.76 1904 | 983,527,562| 35.78 1905 | 1,034,156,604| 37.98 1906 |[H]1,106,478,707| 37.43 -------+----------------+-------

[H] Latest available figures are used in making up totals for 1906.

Note.--The use of coal for the production of power for use in manufacturing has such an important relation to that industry that the presentation of this table in this study seems justifiable.

World’s Production of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

===============+==========+==========+==========+==========+========== Countries. | 1902-3. | 1903-4. | 904-5. | 1905-6. | 1906-7. ---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------- | Bales. | Bales. | Bales. | Bales. | Bales. United States |10,511,020| 9,841,671|13,420,440|11,048,000|13,346,000 East Indies[I] | 2,737,577| 2,734,400| 2,952,720| 2,983,370| 3,482,000 Egypt | 1,148,700| 1,275,754| 1,244,968| 1,152,516| 1,350,000 Brazil[J] | 329,390| 307,516| 325,928| 476,667| 400,000 ---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------- Total |14,726,687| 4,159,341|17,944,056|15,660,553|18,578,000 ---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

[I] Includes India’s exports to Europe, America and Japan, and mill consumption in India increased or decreased by excess or loss of stock at Bombay.

[J] Receipts into Europe from Brazil, Smyrna, Peru, West Indies, etc., and Japan and China cotton used in Japanese mills.

Estimated Number of Cotton Spindles at Work on the Continent of 292 Europe, Sept. 30, 1907.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

Russia and Poland 7,000,000 Germany 9,000,000 Austria 3,700,000 France 6,200,000 Spain 2,800,000 Switzerland 1,550,000 Italy 3,000,000 Belgium 1,300,000 Sweden, Norway, etc. 550,000 Holland 420,000 Portugal 210,000 Greece 70,000 ---------- Total 35,800,000

Annual Consumption of Cotton in Cotton Mills.

[From Alfred B. Shepperson’s “Cotton Facts,” December, 1907.]

=======+==========+==========+==========+==========+==========+========== | | | Northern | Southern | Total of | Season | Great | Continent| States of| States of| United | India. of | Britain. | Europe. | U. S. | U. S. | States. | +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------- | In bales of 500 pounds net. -------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------- 1896-7 | 3,224,000| 4,368,000| 1,771,000| 946,000| 2,717,000| 1,041,000 1897-8 | 3,432,000| 4,628,000| 1,771,000| 1,151,000| 2,922,000| 1,185,000 1898-9 | 3,519,000| 4,784,000| 2,218,000| 1,364,000| 3,582,000| 1,340,000 1899- | 3,334,000| 4,576,000| 2,163,000| 1,524,000| 3,687,000| 1,162,000 1900-1 | 3,269,000| 4,576,000| 1,909,000| 1,526,000| 3,435,000| 1,087,000 1901-2 | 3,253,000| 4,836,000| 1,996,000| 1,912,000| 3,908,000| 1,384,000 1902-3 | 3,185,000| 5,148,000| 1,980,000| 1,910,000| 3,890,000| 1,362,000 1903-4 | 2,977,000| 5,148,000| 1,980,000| 1,795,000| 3,775,000| 1,368,000 1904-5 | 3,572,000| 5,148,000| 2,112,000| 2,063,000| 4,175,000| 1,473,000 1905-6 | 3,766,000| 5,244,000| 2,364,000| 2,239,000| 4,603,000| 1,587,000 1906-7 | 3,915,000| 5,444,000| 2,460,000| 2,362,000| 4,822,000| 1,562,000 -------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

World’s Supply and Distribution of Cotton.

[From Latham, Alexander & Co.’s “Cotton Movement & Fluctuation,” 1902-7.]

==========+===========+==================================+ | | Crops. | | | | |Visible and+-----------+----------+-----------+ | Invisible | | | | | Supply at | United | All | Total. | Year. | beginning | States | Others. | | | of year. | | | | +-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | Bales of 500 pounds each. ----------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+ 1884-5 | 1,550,000 | 5,136,000| 2,101,000| 7,237,000| 1885-6 | 1,343,000 | 5,984,000| 2,234,000| 8,218,000| 1886-7 | 1,441,000 | 5,960,000| 2,577,000| 8,537,000| 1887-8 | 1,473,000 | 6,400,000| 2,309,000| 8,709,000| 1888-9 | 1,291,000 | 6,463,000| 2,632,000| 9,095,000| 1889-90 | 1,119,000 | 6,820,000| 2,933,000| 9,753,000| 1890-1 | 1,077,000 | 8,137,000| 3,039,000| 11,176,000| 1891-2 | 1,742,000 | 8,640,000| 3,001,000| 11,641,000| 1892-3 | 2,818,000 | 6,435,000| 3,296,000| 9,731,000| 1893-4 | 2,258,000 | 7,136,000| 3,314,000| 10,450,000| 1894-5 | 2,128,000 | 9,640,000| 2,978,000| 12,618,000| 1895-6 | 3,203,000 | 6,912,000| 3,421,000| 10,333,000| 1896-7 | 1,931,000 | 8,435,868| 3,438,000| 11,873,868| 1897-8 | 1,923,636 | 10,890,000| 3,316,290| 14,206,290| 1898-9 | 3,241,158 | 11,078,000| 3,694,934| 14,772,934| 1899-1900| 3,999,364 | 9,137,000| 3,092,897| 12,229,897| 1900-1 | 2,456,489 | 10,218,000| 3,414,454| 13,632,454| 1901-2 | 2,673,027 | 10,380,380| 4,038,569| 14,413,949| 1902-3 | 2,672,068 | 10,511,020| 4,215,661| 14,726,687| 1903-4 | 2,921,061 | 9,841,671| 4,317,670| 14,159,341| 1904-5 | 2,770,244 | 13,420,440| 4,524,000| 17,944,056| 1905-6 | 5,172,638 | 11,048,000| 4,612,553| 15,660,553| 1906-7 | 4,504,382 | 13,346,000| 5,232,000| 18,578,000| ----------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+

==========+============+===================== | | Balance of Supply | | End of year. | Total +----------+---------- | Actual | | |Consumption.| Visible. |Invisible. Year. | | | | | | +------------+----------+---------- | Bales of 500 pounds each. ----------+------------+----------+---------- 1884-5 | 7,444,000 | 984,000| 359,000 1885-6 | 8,120,000 | 968,000| 473,000 1886-7 | 8,505,000 | 999,000| 474,000 1887-8 | 8,891,000 | 772,000| 519,000 1888-9 | 9,267,000 | 682,000| 437,000 1889-90 | 9,795,000 | 846,000| 231,000 1890-1 | 10,511,000 | 1,315,000| 427,000 1891-2 | 10,565,000 | 2,310,000| 508,000 1892-3 | 10,291,000 | 1,903,000| 355,000 1893-4 | 10,580,000 | 1,792,000| 336,000 1894-5 | 11,543,000 | 2,185,000| 1,018,000 1895-6 | 11,605,000 | 1,231,000| 700,000 1896-7 | 11,880,332 | 1,295,636| 628,000 1897-8 | 12,888,768 | 1,905,158| 1,336,000 1898-9 | 14,014,728 | 2,371,364| 1,628,000 1899-1900| 13,772,772 | 1,071,489| 1,385,000 1900-1 | 13,415,916 | 1,549,027| 1,124,000 1901-2 | 14,414,908 | 1,306,068| 1,366,000 1902-3 | 14,477,694 | 1,177,677| 1,743,384 1903-4 | 14,310,158 | 1,085,237| 1,735,007 1904-5 | 15,541,667 | 2,501,469| 2,671,164 1905-6 | 16,328,804 | 1,702,485| 2,801,897 1906-7 | 17,005,640 | 2,215,497| 3,861,245 ----------+------------+----------+----------

Stocks of Money in Thirteen Principal Countries of the World in 1873, 293 1896 and 1906.

Relative increase in use of gold, silver and paper money illustrated.

============================================================== | Stock of Gold. | Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+ | 1873. | 1896. | 1906. | ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ United States | $135,000,000| $696,300,000|$1,593,300,000| Great Britain | 160,000,000| 584,000,000| 486,700,000| France | 450,000,000| 772,000,000| 926,400,000| Germany | 160,200,000| 654,500,000| 1,030,300,000| Russia | 149,100,000| 586,900,000| 939,400,000| Italy | 20,000,000| 96,900,000| 215,500,000| Belgium | 25,000,000| 35,000,000| 31,100,000| Netherlands | 12,000,000| 21,900,000| 45,900,000| Austria-Hungary | 35,000,000| 178,500,000| 306,400,000| Australasia | 50,000,000| 132,100,000| 125,000,000| Denmark | 4,100,000| 15,400,000| 22,600,000| Sweden | 1,800,000| 10,600,000| 22,600,000| Norway | 7,600,000| 7,500,000| 8,300,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ Total | 1,209,800,000| 2,791,600,000| 5,753,500,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

============================================================== | Stock of Silver. | Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+ | 1873. | 1896. | 1906. | ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ United States | $ 6,150,000| $364,500,000| $698,700,000| Great Britain | 95,000,000| 121,700,000| 116,800,000| France | 500,000,000| 443,900,000| 411,100,000| Germany | 306,235,000| 212,800,000| 219,700,000| Russia | 18,600,000| 74,200,000| 77,900,000| Italy | 23,000,000| 45,400,000| 31,700,000| Belgium | 15,000,000| 57,000,000| 24,700,000| Netherlands | 37,300,000| 56,100,000| 52,600,000| Austria-Hungary | 40,000,000| 63,700,000| 105,300,000| Australasia | 3,000,000| 7,000,000| 10,000,000| Denmark | 7,500,000| 5,400,000| 6,100,000| Sweden | 4,300,000| 4,900,000| 7,700,000| Norway | 1,600,000| 2,000,000| 3,100,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ Total | 1,057,685,000| 1,728,600,000| 1,765,400,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

============================================================== | Uncovered paper. | Countries. +--------------+--------------+--------------+ | 1873. | 1896. | 1906. | ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ United States | $749,445,000| $397,000,000| $610,800,000| Great Britain | 59,800,000| 112,100,000| 116,800,000| France | 385,300,000| 119,200,000| 269,200,000| Germany | 90,800,000| 123,800,000| 267,100,000| Russia | 618,400,000| 467,200,000| No data. | Italy | 87,800,000| 161,000,000| 150,600,000| Belgium | 35,100,000| 72,500,000| 125,800,000| Netherlands | 15,300,000| 37,900,000| 57,800,000| Austria-Hungary | 265,800,000| 177,600,000| 119,300,000| Australasia | .......... | 22,500,000| No data. | Denmark | 6,500,000| 6,400,000| 10,700,000| Sweden | 6,000,000| 19,000,000| 34,800,000| Norway | 2,300,000| 3,800,000| 7,000,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ Total | 2,322,545,000| 1,720,000,000| 1,769,900,000| ----------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

=============================================================== | Total money in countries named. Countries. +--------------+--------------+---------------- | 1873. | 1896. | 1906. ----------------+--------------+--------------+---------------- United States | $890,595,000|$1,727,800,000| $2,902,800,000 Great Britain | 314,800,000| 817,800,000| 720,300,000 France | 1,335,300,000| 1,335,100,000| 1,606,700,000 Germany | 557,235,000| 991,100,000| 1,517,100,000 Russia | 786,100,000| 1,128,300,000|[K]1,017,300,000 Italy | 130,800,000| 303,300,000| 397,800,000 Belgium | 75,100,000| 164,500,000| 181,600,000 Netherlands | 64,600,000| 115,900,000| 156,300,000 Austria-Hungary | 340,800,000| 419,800,000| 531,000,000 Australasia | [K]53,000,000| 161,600,000| [K]135,000,000 Denmark | 18,100,000| 27,200,000| 39,400,000 Sweden | 12,100,000| 34,500,000| 65,100,000 Norway | 11,500,000| 13,300,000| 18,400,000 ----------------+--------------+--------------+---------------- Total | 4,590,030,000| 7,240,200,000| 9,288,800,000 ----------------+--------------+--------------+----------------

[K] Exclusive of uncovered paper, for which no data is available.

Note.--The great increase in the use of capital in the manufacturing industries in recent years seems to justify the presentation of this table showing the general growth of money in the manufacturing countries.

Annual Average Gold Production of the World. 294

==============+===============++==============+============== Period. | Gold--million || Period. | Gold--million | dollars. || | dollars. --------------+---------------++--------------+-------------- 1493 to 1700 | 5.4 || 1901 to 1905 | 322.1 1701 to 1850 | 13.1 || 1906 | 400.3 1851 to 1890 | 120.2 || 1907 | 410.0 1891 to 1900 | 210.1 ||(estim.) 1908 | 444.0 --------------+---------------++--------------+--------------

The World’s Production of Pig Iron from 1800 to 1907.

[In gross tons of 2240 lbs.]

======+================+=================+============+ Year.| United | Great | Germany. | | States. | Britain. | | ------+----------------+-----------------+------------+ | Tons. | Tons. | Tons. | 1800 | 40,000 | 190,000 | 40,000 | 1810 | 55,000 | 250,000 | 46,000 | 1820 | 20,000 | 400,000 | 90,000 | 1830 | 165,000 | 680,000 | 120,000 | 1840 | 287,000 | 1,390,000 | 170,000 | 1850 | 564,000 | 2,250,000 | 402,000 | 1860 | 820,000 | 3,830,000 | 530,000 | 1870 | 1,665,000 | 5,960,000 | 1,390,000 | 1880 | 3,835,000 | 7,750,000 | 2,730,000 | 1885 | 4,050,000 | 7,420,000 | 2,690,000 | 1889 | 7,603,000 | 8,250,000 | 4,530,000 | 1895 | 9,446,000 | 7,703,000 | 5,465,000 | 1896 | 8,623,000 | 8,660,000 | 6,271,000 | 1897 | 9,652,000 | 8,796,000 | 6,771,000 | 1898 | 11,773,000 | 8,610,000 | 7,196,000 | 1899 | 13,620,000 | 9,421,000 | 8,013,000 | 1900 | 13,789,000 | 8,960,000 | 8,384,000 | 1901 | 15,878,000 | 7,929,000 | 7,754,000 | 1902 | 17,821,000 | 8,680,000 | 8,395,000 | 1903 | 18,009,000 | 8,935,000 | 9,860.000 | 1904 | 16,497,000 | 8,694,000 | 9,899,000 | 1905 | 22,992,000 | 9,608,000 | 10,703,000 | 1906 | 25,307,000 | 10,109,000 | 12,099,000 | 1907 | 25,781,000 | 9,924,000 | 12,672,000 | ------+----------------+-----------------+------------+

======+================+================+============= Year.| France. | Various. | Total. | | | ------+----------------+----------------+------------- | Tons. | Tons. | Tons. 1800 | 60,000 | 130,000 | 460,000 1810 | 85,000 | 180,000 | 616,000 1820 | 140,000 | 385,000 | 1,570,000 1830 | 220,000 | 480,000 | 2,677,000 1840 | 350,000 | 640,000 | 4,426,000 1850 | 570,000 | 270,000 | 920,000 1860 | 900,000 | 1,100,000 | 7,180,000 1870 | 1,180,000 | 1,710,000 | 11,905,000 1880 | 1,730,000 | 2,090,000 | 18,135,000 1885 | 1,630,000 | 2,310,000 | 18,100,000 1889 | 1,720,000 | 3,060,000 | 25,163,000 1895 | 2,006,000 | 4,247,000 | 28,867,000 1896 | 2,302,000 | 5,001,000 | 30,857,000 1897 | 2,444,000 | 5,267,000 | 32,930,000 1898 | 2,485,000 | 5,808,000 | 35,872,000 1899 | 2,537,000 | 6,464,000 | 40,055,000 1900 | 2,671,000 | 6,686,000 | 40,490,000 1901 | 2,351,000 | 6,886,000 | 40,798,000 1902 | 2,367,000 | 6,876,000 | 44,139,000 1903 | 2,796,000 | 6,677,000 | 46,277,000 1904 | 2,927,000 | 7,322,000 | 45,339,000 1905 | 3,028,000 | 7,569,000 | 53,900,000 1906 | 3,267,000 | 7,360,000 | 58,142,000 1907 | 3,532,000 | 7,591,000 |[L]59,500,000 ------+----------------+----------------+-------------

[L] Preliminary estimate.

Note.--Official figures of the respective national statistical offices of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Figures for all other countries taken from the French and Swedish Mineral Statistics.

Commerce of the World since 1830.

[Aggregate of imports for consumption and domestic exports in millions of dollars.--Mulhall’s figures prior to 1890.]