Part 30

========================+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ Country. | 1830. | 1840. | 1850. | 1860. | 1870. | ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | | | | | United Kingdom | 422 | 547 | 811 | 1,800 | 2,625 | France | 197 | 317 | 456 | 801 | 1,089 | Germany | 220 | 249 | 336 | 624 | 1,017 | Russia | 134 | 158 | 192 | 230 | 494 | Austria-Hungary | 72 | 105 | 139 | 225 | 398 | Italy | 96 | 144 | 182 | 249 | 317 | Spain | 33 | 48 | 53 | 120 | 197 | Portugal | 14 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 48 | Holland and Belgium | 144 | 216 | 293 | 413 | 653 | United States | 105 | 197 | 297 | 653 | 702 | Spanish America | 168 | 230 | 336 | 451 | 648 | India | 48 | 96 | 144 | 249 | 408 | British colonies, other | 43 | 101 | 211 | 494 | 614 | Other countries | 264 | 323 | 326 | 853 | 1,200 | ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ The world | 1,960 | 2,750 | 3,800 | 7,200 |10,500 | ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

========================+=======+=======+=======+=======+========= Country. | 1880. | 1890. | 1897. | 1903. | 1907. ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------- | | | | | United Kingdom | 3,350 | 3,552 | 3,389 | 4,056 | 5,217 France | 1,627 | 1,493 | 1,450 | 1,747 | 2,237 Germany | 1,411 | 1,761 | 1,996 | 2,621 | 3,681 Russia | 629 | 566 | 618 | 867 |[M][N]834 Austria-Hungary | 513 | 441 | 609 | 813 | 949 Italy | 437 | 451 | 438 | 652 | [M]821 Spain | 240 | 283 | 301 | 257 | [M]325 Portugal | 67 | 86 | 73 | 97 | [O]100 Holland and Belgium | 1,137 | 1,488 | 1,915 | 2,614 | [M]3,010 United States | 1,478 | 1,536 | 1,815 | 2,453 | 3,318 Spanish America | 768 | 797 | 826 | 965 | 1,802 India | 518 | 629 | 440 | 761 | [B]913 British colonies, other | 974 | 1,430 | 1,550 | 2,292 | [O]2,169 Other countries | 1,351 | 2,287 | 3,020 | 2,866 | [P]3,733 ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------- The world |14,500 |16,800 |18,500 |23,061 | 29,109 ------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------

[M] 1906.

[N] Trade over the European frontier only.

[O] 1904.

[P] Various years, 1904 to 1906.

Imports and Exports of Manufactures into and from the Principal 295 Countries of the World and the Share Which Manufactures Formed of their Total Commerce.

The Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor published in 1903 a series of tables showing the imports and exports of manufactures of the principal countries of the world and the share which manufactures formed, respectively, of the imports and exports of each of the countries named. The following is a summarization of that table:

================================+=======================+ | | | Iron and Steel. | | | Countries. +-----------+-----------+ | Import. | Export. | --------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ Austria-Hungary (1901) |$13,942,000|$10,667,000| Belgium (1902) | 19,083,000| 46,144,000| Denmark (1901) | 9,415,000| 1,711,000| France (1902) | 31,336,000| 42,238,000| Germany (1901) | 42,186,000|207,951,000| Italy (1901) | 31,318,000| 1,523,000| Netherlands (1901) | 92,446,000| 58,045,000| Portugal (1902) | 6,431,000| 249,000| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 48,538,000| 818,000| Spain (1902) | 19,448,000| 955,000| Sweden (1902) | 11,916,000| 15,402,000| Norway (1901) | 11,672,000| 963,000| Switzerland (1902) | 17,366,000| 10,704,000| United Kingdom (1902) | 74,685,000|298,945,000| United States (1903) | 51,617,000| 96,642,000| Canada (1902) | 34,727,000| -- | Mexico (1901) | 18,457,000| -- | Argentina (1902) | 18,343,000| -- | Brazil (1901) | 7,034,000| -- | China (1902) | 4,721,000| -- | Japan (1902) | 13,878,000| -- | India (1902) | 54,302,000| -- | Australia (1901) | 36,066,000| -- | New Zealand (1900) | 12,088,000| -- | --------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ ================================+=======================+ | | | Textiles. | | | Countries. +-----------+-----------+ | Import. | Export. | --------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ Austria-Hungary (1901) |$34,696,000|$27,659,000| Belgium (1902) | 21,652,000| 41,722,000| Denmark (1901) | 12,699,000| 245,000| France (1902) | 44,611,000|188,338,000| Germany (1901) | 65,290,000|204,789,000| Italy (1901) | 17,116,000| 36,399,000| Netherlands (1901) | 41,172,000| 29,668,000| Portugal (1902) | 7,253,000| 1,171,000| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 23,728,000| 9,942,000| Spain (1902) | 11,032,000| 6,977,000| Sweden (1902) | 13,306,000| 796,000| Norway (1901) | 8,886,000| 257,000| Switzerland (1902) | 27,205,000| 76,447,000| United Kingdom (1902) |175,194,000|547,325,000| United States (1903) |146,202,000| 39,641,000| Canada (1902) | 10,060,000| -- | Mexico (1901) | 10,294,000| -- | Argentina (1902) | 28,700,000| -- | Brazil (1901) | 14,032,000| -- | China (1902) | 79,580,000| -- | Japan (1902) | 15,380,000| 31,729,000| India (1902) |125,356,000| -- | Australia (1901) | 54,540,000| -- | New Zealand (1900) | 12,821,000| -- | --------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ ================================+========================+ | | | Other Manufactures. | | | Countries. +-----------+------------+ | Import. | Export. | --------------------------------+-----------+------------+ Austria-Hungary (1901) |$65,350,000|$149,038,000| Belgium (1902) | 63,475,000| 90,974,000| Denmark (1901) | 17,741,000| 1,926,000| France (1902) |136,645,000| 278,227,000| Germany (1901) |259,193,000| 411,311,000| Italy (1901) | 53,305,000| 37,451,000| Netherlands (1901) |108,121,000| 143,797,000| Portugal (1902) | 10,302,000| 1,946,000| Russia-European frontier (1901) | 85,900,000| 45,309,000| Spain (1902) | 27,463,000| 33,398,000| Sweden (1902) | 26,613,000| 23,221,000| Norway (1901) | 13,037,000| 10,863,000| Switzerland (1902) | 48,478,000| 47,960,000| United Kingdom (1902) |478,821,000| 294,861,000| United States (1903) |369,310,000| 654,860,000| Canada (1902) | 67,719,000| 18,076,000| Mexico (1901) | 18,170,000| 9,178,000| Argentina (1902) | 20,674,000| 704,000| Brazil (1901) | 21,954,000| 43,000| China (1902) | 56,239,000| -- | Japan (1902) | 39,637,000| 28,173,000| India (1902) | 74,123,000| -- | Australia (1901) | 65,598.000| 13,754,000| New Zealand (1900) | 16,732,000| 970,000| --------------------------------+-----------+------------+ ================================+=========================+=============== | | Percent which | Total Manufactures. | manufactures | | form of total. Countries. +------------+------------+-------+------- | Import. | Export. |Import.|Export. --------------------------------+------------+------------+-------+------- Austria-Hungary (1901) |$113,988,000|$187,364,000| 32.63 | 48.35 Belgium (1902) | 104,210,000| 178,840,000| 23.72 | 49.89 Denmark (1901) | 39,855,000| 3,882,000| 37.47 | 4.96 France (1902) | 212,592,000| 508,803,000| 24.95 | 62.22 Germany (1901) | 366,669,000| 824,051,000| 28.42 | 78.13 Italy (1901) | 101,739,000| 75,373,000| 30.68 | 28.50 Netherlands (1901) | 241,739,000| 231,510,000| 29.54 | 33.27 Portugal (1902) | 23,986,000| 3,366,000| 39.96 | 10.96 Russia-European frontier (1901) | 158,166,000| 56,069,000| 56.37 | 14.45 Spain (1902) | 57,943,000| 41,330,000| 37.60 | 29.04 Sweden (1902) | 51,835,000| 39,419,000| 42.08 | 41.61 Norway (1901) | 33,595,000| 12,083,000| 43.46 | 28.78 Switzerland (1902) | 93,049,000| 135,111,000| 42.72 | 80.07 United Kingdom (1902) | 728,700,000|1141,131,000| 27.92 | 82.70 United States (1903) | 570,129,000| 791,143,000| 55.58 | 56.83 Canada (1902) | 112,506,000| 18,076,000| 57.26 | 10.47 Mexico (1901) | 46,921,000| 9,178,000| 75.11 | 27.78 Argentina (1902) | 67,717,000| 704,000| 68.13 | .41 Brazil (1901) | 43,020,000| 43,000| 44.87 | -- China (1902) | 140,540,000| -- | 71.36 | -- Japan (1902) | 69,895,000| 59,902,000| 51.73 | 47.05 India (1902) | 253,781,000| -- | 88.15 | -- Australia (1901) | 156,204,000| 13,754,000| 76.35 | 10.23 New Zealand (1900) | 41,641,000| 970,000| 83.82 | 1.72 --------------------------------+------------+------------+-------+-------

The Manufacturing Industry of the United States, 1850 to 1905, showing 296 Value of Product, Capital Invested, Wage-Earners Employed, Wages Paid, and Number of Establishments in each census year in the period under consideration.

[From official records of the United States Census Office.]

+------------------------------ | Date of Census. | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | 1850 | 1860 | | | | -----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ Number of establishments | 123,025| 140,433| Capital | $533,245,351|$1,009,855,715| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] | Salaries | [S] | [S] | Wage-earners, average number | 957,059| 1,311,246| Total wages | $236,755,464| $378,878,966| Men, 16 years and over | 731,137| 1,040,349| Wages | [S] | [S] | Women, 16 years and over | 2,225,922| 270,897| Wages | [S] | [S] | Children, under 16 years | [S] | [S] | Wages | [S] | [S] | Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] | Cost of materials used | $555,123,822|$1,031,605,092| Value of products, including | | | custom work and repairing. |$1,019,106,616|$1,885,861,676| =========================================+==============+==============+ -----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Date of Census. | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | 1870 | 1880 | | | | -----------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+ Number of establishments | 252,148| 253,852| Capital |$2,118,208,769 $2,790,272,606| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | [S] | [S] | Salaries | [S] | [S] | Wage-earners, average number | 2,053,996| 2,732,595| Total wages | $775,584,343| $947,953,795| Men, 16 years and over | 1,615,598| 2,019,035| Wages | [S] | [S] | Women, 16 years and over | 323,770| 531,639| Wages | [S] | [S] | Children, under 16 years | 114,628| 181,921 | Wages | [S] | [S] | Miscellaneous expenses | [U] | [U] | Cost of materials used |$2,488,427,242|$3,396,823,549| Value of products, including | | | custom work and repairing. |$4,232,325,442|$5,369,579,191| =========================================+==============+==============+ -----------------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Date of Census. | +-----------------+---------------+ | | | | 1890 | 1900.[Q] | | | | -----------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ Number of establishments | 355,475 | 512,254| Capital |$6,525,156,486 | $9,817,434,799| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | 461,609[R]| 396,759| Salaries | $391,988,208[R]| $403,711,233| Wage-earners, average number | 4,251,613 | 5,308,406| Total wages |$1,891,228,321 | $2,322,333,877| Men, 16 years and over | 3,327,042 | 4,110,527| Wages |$1,659,234,483 | $2,016,677,789| Women, 16 years and over | 803,686 | 1,029,296| Wages | $215,367,976 | $279,994,396| Children, under 16 years | 120,885 | 168,583| Wages | $16,625,862 | $25,661,692| Miscellaneous expenses | $631,225,035 | $1,027,775,778| Cost of materials used |$5,162,044,076 | $7,345,413,651| Value of products, including | | | custom work and repairing. |$9,372,437,283 |$13,004,400,143| =========================================+=================+===============+ -----------------------------------------+---------------+ |Date of Census.| +---------------+ | | | 1905. | | | -----------------------------------------+---------------+ Number of establishments | 588,769| Capital |$13,872,035,371| Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | 566,175| Salaries | $609,200,251| Wage-earners, average number | 6,152,443| Total wages | $3,014,389,372| Men, 16 years and over | 4,792,874| Wages | $2,629,747,837| Women, 16 years and over | 1,194,083| Wages | $356,992,855| Children, under 16 years | 167,066| Wages | $29,228,667| Miscellaneous expenses | $1,651,603,535| Cost of materials used | $9,497,619,851| Value of products, including | | custom work and repairing. |$16,866,706,985| =========================================+===============+ -----------------------------------------+--------------------- |Per cent of Increase. +------+------+------+ | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | | to | to | to | | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | -----------------------------------------+------+------+------+ Number of establishments | 14.1 | 79.6| 0.7 | Capital | 89.4 | 109.3| 31.7 | Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | -- | -- | -- | Salaries | -- | -- | -- | Wage-earners, average number | 37.0 | 56.6| 33.0 | Total wages | 60.0 | 104.7| 22.2 | Men, 16 years and over | 42.3 | 55.3| 25.0 | Wages | -- | -- | -- | Women, 16 years and over | 19.9 | 19.5| 64.2 | Wages | -- | -- | -- | Children, under 16 years | -- | -- | 58.7 | Wages | -- | -- | -- | Miscellaneous expenses | -- | -- | -- | Cost of materials used | 85.8 | 141.2| 36.5 | Value of products, including | | | | custom work and repairing. | 85.1 | 124.4| 26.9 | =========================================+======+======+======+ -----------------------------------------+----------------------- |Per cent of Increase. +--------+--------+----- | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | to | to | to | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 -----------------------------------------+--------+--------+----- Number of establishments | 40.0 | 44.1 | 4.2 Capital |133.9 | 50.5 | 41.3 Salaried officials, clerks, etc., Number | -- | 13.9[T]| 42.7 Salaries | -- | 3.0 | 50.9 Wage-earners, average number | 55.6 | 24.9 | 15.9 Total wages | 99.5 | 22.8 | 29.8 Men, 16 years and over | 64.8 | 23.5 | 16.6 Wages | -- | 21.5 | 30.4 Women, 16 years and over | 51.2 | 28.1 | 16.0 Wages | -- | 30.0 | 27.5 Children, under 16 years | 33.6[T]| 39.5 | 0.9 Wages | -- | 54.3 | 13.9 Miscellaneous expenses | -- | 62.8 | 60.7 Cost of materials used | 52.0 | 42.3 | 29.3 Value of products, including | | | custom work and repairing. | 74.5 | 38.8 | 29.7 =========================================+========+========+=====

[Q] Includes, for comparative purposes, 85 governmental establishments in the District of Columbia having products valued at $9,887,355, the statistics of such establishments for 1890 not being separable. Totals for 1900 and 1905 are exclusive of statistics for governmental establishments and for Hawaii.

[R] Includes proprietors and firm members, with their salaries; number only reported in 1900, but not included in this table.

[S] Not reported separately.

[T] Decrease.

[U] Not reported.

Manufactures in the U. S.: Gross and Net Values of Products, Census 297 Years 1900 and 1905, by Industry Groups.

The gross value of manufactures as reported by the census contains many duplications because the finished products of some factories frequently become the material for other factories. In this way not only one but several duplications of the cost of materials often occur. The net value of productions eliminates these duplications by deducting from the gross value the cost of all materials which have undergone any process of manufacture covered by the census reports on manufactures. For further explanation of the relation of “gross” and “net” values, see page 211.

[From reports of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Labor.]