volume 11 (1876), page 596.

[194] OTTO RAUBENHEIMER, "Leeches--How to Dispense Them," _Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association_, volume 12 (1923), page 339. THORNDIKE, op. cit. [note 3], page 477, notes that in 1927, leeches still could be had in Boston for 75c apiece. In Cleveland they were still obtainable in the 1950s.

[195] _Dictionnaire usuel de chirurgie et de medicine veterinaire_, 2 volumes (Paris, 1835-36), articles "Ventouses" and "Sangsues."

[196] Ibid., article "Saignee."

[197] _Encyclopedie methodique: Medecine_, volume 9 (Paris, 1816), page 478.

[198] _Dictionnaire usuel_, op. cit. [note 195], volume 2, page 605.

[199] WEISS, op. cit. [note 118], page 100, plate 27.

[200] Patent specifications, U.S. patent 6240.

[201] Patent specifications, U.S. patent 236084.

LIST OF TRADE CATALOGS CONSULTED

Aloe, A. S. Company. _Illustrated and Priced Catalogue of Surgical Instruments, Physicians' Supplies and Hospital Furnishings._ 6th edition. St. Louis, 1891.

----. _Catalogue of Superior Surgical Instruments and Physicians' and Surgeons' Supplies._ 6th Edition. St. Louis, 1895.

Becton, Dickinson & Co. _Trade Catalogue of Gold, Silver and Plated Instruments for Surgeons and Veterinarians._ New York, 1904.

----. [Catalogue.] Rutherford, N.J., 1911.

----. _Illustrated Catalog of Druggists, Surgical, and Veterinary Specialties._ Rutherford, N.J., 1917.

Caswell, Hazard & Co., W. F. Ford. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances._ New York, 1874.

Ch. Dubois. _Catalogue illustre des instruments de chirurgie._ Paris, 1884.

Charles Lentz & Sons. _Illustrated Catalogue and Price List of Surgical Instruments._ 3rd edition. Philadelphia, ca. 1888.

Charles Henry Truax. _The Mechanics of Surgery, Comprising Detailed Descriptions, Illustrations and List of the Instruments, Appliances and Furniture Necessary in Modern Surgical Arts._ Chicago, 1899.

Codman and Shurtleff. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances._ Boston, 1879.

----. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances._ Boston, 1886.

----. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances._ Boston, 1890.

Coxeter, J., & Son. _Surgical Instruments Catalogue._ London, 1870.

Down Bros. _Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances._ London, 1885.

Dubois, Ch. See Ch. Dubois.

Durbin, J., Surgical Supply Co. (Catalogue.) Denver, 1929.

Feick Bros. _Illustrated Catalogue and Price List of Surgical Instruments._ Pittsburgh, 1896.

Fred Haslam & Co. _Standard Surgical Instruments._ Brooklyn, 1922.

Fr. Lindstaedt. _Illustrirter Catalog chirurgischer Instrumente._ Bremen, 1882.

George Tiemann & Co. _American Armamentarium Chirurgicum._ New York, 1879.

----. _The American Armamentarium Chirurgicum._ New York, 1882.

----. _The American Armamentarium Chirurgicum._ New York, 1889.

Haslam & Co. See Fred Haslam & Co.

John Reynders & Co. _Illustrated Catalogue and Price List of Surgical Instruments, Orthopaedical Apparatus, Trusses, etc._ 5th edition. New York, 1884.

John Weiss. _An Account of Inventions and Improvements Made by John Weiss._ 2nd edition. London, 1831.

John Weiss & Son. _Weiss and Son's Catalogue of Surgical Instruments for 1836._ London, 1836.

----. _A Catalogue of Opthalmic Instruments and Appliances, etc._ London, 1863.

----. _A Catalogue of Opthalmic Instruments and Appliances._ Manchester, 1898.

Kennedy, J. E., & Co. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and of Allied Lines._ New York, 1917.

Kny-Scheerer Co., The. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments._ 3 volumes. New York, 1899.

----. _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments._ 16th edition. New York, no date (20th century).

Krohne & Sesemann. _Catalogue of Surgical & Orthopedic Instruments._ London, 1878.

Lentz & Sons. See Charles Lentz & Sons.

Lindstaedt, Fr. See Fr. Lindstaedt.

Maison Charriere, Robert et Collin, Successeurs. [Catalogue.] Paris, 1867.

----. _Catalogue generale illustre._ Paris, 1879.

----. _Catalogue generale illustre._ Paris, 1885.

----. _Catalogue generale illustre._ Paris, 1890.

----. _Catalogue generale illustre._ Paris, 1894.

Maison Luer (H. Wulfing-Luer). _Catalogue generale Illustre._ Paris, ca. 1904.

Mathay Hospital Supply Co. _Surgical Instruments._ Los Angeles, ca. 1937.

Maison Mathieu. _Arsenal Chirurgical._ 15th edition. Paris, ca. 1905.

Matthews Bros. _A Catalogue of Surgical Instruments._ London, ca. 1875.

Maw, S., Son & Thompson's. _Surgical Instruments, etc._ London, 1882.

Obstetrical Society of London. _Catalogue and Report of Obstetrical and Other Instruments Exhibited at the Converzatione of the Obstetrical Society of London_, 1867.

Pittsburgh Physicians' Supply Co. _Illustrated Catalogue._ Pittsburgh, 1908.

Reiner, H. _Catalog medicinisch-chirurgischer Instrumente und Apparate._ Vienna, 1885.

Reynders, John, & Co. See John Reynders & Co.

Robert et Collin. See Maison Charriere.

Scheffelin, W. H., & Co. _General Prices Current._ New York, 1887.

Sharp and Smith. _Surgical Instruments._ 16th edition. Chicago, ca. 1892.

Shepard & Dudley. _Descriptive Catalogue._ New York, 1873.

Tiemann, George, & Co. See George Tiemann & Co.

Truax, Charles Henry. See Charles Henry Truax.

Truax, Green & Co. _Price List of Physicians Supplies._ 6th edition. Chicago, 1893.

Weiss & Son. See John Weiss & Son.

W. H. Wigmore. _Surgical, Dental and Veterinary Instruments._ Philadelphia, no date (pre-1895).

W. Windler. _Preis-Verzeichniss der Fabrik chirurgischer Instrumente und Bandagen._ Berlin, 1888.

Figures 26-124

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Punctuation has been corrected without note.

The following misprints have been corrected: missing "a" added (Abstract) "sacrificator" corrected to "scarificator" (page 2) "Ristelheuber" corrected to "Ristelhueber" (page 14) "Pheonix" corrected to "Phoenix" (page 14) missing note marker 127 added "canula" corrected to "cannula" (page 38) "rachet" corrected to "ratchet" (page 41) "ocilloscope" corrected to "oscilloscope" (page 41) "NHMT" corrected to "NMHT" (page 44) "Divison" corrected to "Division" (page 47) "Pennyslvania" corrected to "Pennsylvania" (page 48) "Federick" corrected to "Frederick" (page 48) "has has" corrected to "has (page 48) "sacrificator" corrected to "scarificator" (page 48) "Sacrificator" corrected to "Scarificator" (page 48) "cylindical" corrected to "cylindrical" (page 53) "Septemper" corrected to "September" (Note 3) "Hypochrondriasis" corrected to "Hypochondriasis" (Note 80) "chirurguscher" corrected to "chirurgischer" (page 63)

"Joseph-Frederic-Benoit Charriere (1803-1973)" is presented as in the original text.

Other than the corrections listed above, printer's inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation usage have been retained.