LETTER LI.

_INVESTIGATION OF INSECTS._

An entomologist who aspires to more than the character of a mere amateur, will not be content with filling his cabinet with nameless objects for the sole amusement of the eye; but will also be anxious to acquire some knowledge of what he has collected, and to ascertain by what _names_, whether indicating their genus or species, they have been distinguished by scientific writers who have described insects either in general or those of particular districts. Thus only can he himself derive profit from any discoveries he may make, or contribute to the further progress of the science[1582].

But in order to accomplish this object effectually, you must remember and practise the _Onslow_ motto--_Festina lente_:--you must not be too eager to name your _species_, but begin first with _grouping_ your collection. The only way to acquire, in any degree, a correct knowledge of the Natural System, or of the general plan of the CREATOR, which is the _primum_ and _ultimum_ of true science, is by studying _groups_. The knowledge of species is indeed indispensable for the registry of facts and other practical purposes, but the knowledge of groups leads to a higher wisdom; and indeed it is through these that we best descend to the study of species.

I will suppose you have made yourself master of so much of the technical language, particularly the names and most important attributes of the principal organs of insects, as will suffice for understanding descriptions, or knowing these parts when you see them. I will also further suppose that what was formerly said on these subjects has been sufficiently studied, to enable you without much difficulty or hesitation to say whether any given object belongs to the Class _Insecta_ or _Arachnida_, or to which of their respective Orders[1583]. You are therefore qualified to arrange your collection into its _primary_ groups. But you have seen that many _others_ intervene between the Order and the genus or species. As the _genera_ of Linné are mostly primary groups of Orders, perhaps, setting aside such insects included in them by him as your eye and their apparent characters convince you have no claim to a place there, your next best step would be to make yourself thoroughly acquainted with them. When you have accurately marshalled and intimately studied these groups, you will probably have acquired an eye and a tact, _experto crede_, for grouping without book, and may proceed by analysis to resolve your whole collection, as nearly as possible, into as many as nature seems to indicate to you. In doing this you will doubtless at first fall into many errors; but these, practice and a closer examination will in time enable you to rectify. Having thus got your groups as near to nature as you can, you may now have recourse to those authors, particularly Fabricius and Latreille, who have subdivided the genera of Linné; and you will see which of your groups agree with theirs, detect your own errors, and often theirs, and be enabled to label each of your genera and higher groups, if already known, with its modern appellation. You are now qualified also to enter scientifically into the study of the _characters_ that distinguish groups, and may proceed, wherever opportunity is afforded, to examine the _trophi_, which may often be displayed sufficiently by the means recommended in my last letter[1584]. In this way you may learn also to know your groups as well by character as by habit, and be qualified to trace the gradual progress of nature from form to form; and may look upon yourself as duly prepared to put the last hand to your labours, and proceed to the examination of _species_.

It will have occurred to you, in making out your genera or _lowest_ groups, that some consist of a vastly greater number of species than others. It seems advisable therefore, when you apply yourself seriously to ascertain what described ones your cabinet contains, to begin with those genera which appear to be poor in them; for here your labour will be comparatively light, from the small number you will have to examine; and you will become practised in the employment before you are called upon to attack those that overflow. Had Fabricius and other describers of species taken the trouble to subdivide the larger groups, as might easily have been done, into more _genera_ and _subgenera_, the student would have been spared a most discouraging labour. To be obliged to compare a single individual with the descriptions of from 100 to 300 species[1585], to ascertain its name, seems enough to make you start aside with horror from the employment, and be content that your species should remain unnamed, rather than expose yourself to such a waste of time and patience. But to lessen your alarm and encourage you to proceed, I must observe to you, though in a few instances it may be necessary to advert to the description of every single species in a section, yet that this is seldom requisite; and where it is, there are many helps to diminish the labour and abridge the process. A large number of insects are characterized by their _colour_; and it is the practice of all good describers to begin their definition of the species with that which predominates, and then to enumerate the variations from it. Thus, if an insect be all _black_ except the _thorax_, _antennæ_, and _legs_, you will find it thus characterized, "_Black_: _with thorax, antennæ, and legs ferruginous_"; and so on. Hence, having noticed the predominant colour of your unknown species, in many genera you may compare it with the descriptions contained in a whole page at a single glance, and only read the further descriptions when the colour agrees. A practised Entomologist will thus investigate his insects with a rapidity which to an unlearned bystander would seem impossible. Though I have instanced _colour_ as being the character most commonly employed in describing species of insects, you will readily conceive that in some tribes other characters afford more prominent distinctions. Thus in the _Dynastidæ_ and many other Petalocerous beetles, the principal specific character is derived from the _horns_ or _tubercles_ that arm the head and thorax: in _Lucanus_ from the _mandibulæ_; and in _Prionus_ from the marginal _teeth_ of the thorax. If the insect, then, you want to name belongs to any of these genera, having observed its peculiar characters in this respect, you may ascertain in a very few minutes whether any already described exhibit the same. This facility of investigation can be better acquired by practice than precept, and cannot be attained all at once. The above hints, however, may be of some use; and cannot fail to be so, if you always endeavour to make yourself acquainted by a previous careful examination with the characters of every new insect you acquire,--whether those of form, colour, or sculpture,--before you attempt to discover its name in Fabricius or any other author.

When you have made such proficiency in the study as to be familiar with a few species of each section of an extensive genus, the labour of investigation will sometimes be greatly facilitated by attending to that conformity between the proportions, general aspect, and figure of a known and an unknown insect, which Naturalists express by the name of _habit_, and which, though easily perceived by a practised eye, is described with such difficulty. Scientific Entomologists in their descriptions have usually taken care to place near to each other, species agreeing in habit. When therefore you know the name of one species, and find another of the same general habit, you may commonly take it for granted that if described at all by your author, it will be placed near that already known to you. Thus, supposing you are acquainted with that common weevil _Cionus Scrophulariæ_, and find its near relation _C. Blattariæ_; instead of comparing it one by one with the 161 species which compose the _Longirostres femoribus dentatis_ of the Fabrician genus _Rhynchænus_ in the _Systema Eleutheratorum_, you would at once turn to the former, very near which you would without further trouble discover it. Fortunate, would it be, could the Entomologist always depend on thus finding descriptions of allied species in the neighbourhood of each other; but unhappily the most distinguished authors have sometimes violated this important rule, so that we cannot always be certain that any given species is not elsewhere described than in its right place. Fabricius in many instances often removes widely asunder insects not merely related, but which are in reality scarcely more than varieties of the same species[1586]. In fact, the attention of this celebrated author was so distracted by the immensity of the materials he had to arrange, by the distance of the cabinets, in many cases, from each other, the new species of which he undertook to describe, and the rapidity with which they necessarily passed under his eye, that he seems never to have attained any nice perception of the _affinities_ of insects.

You must not conclude, however, that the investigation of a new insect is even to an adept always a work of ease and dispatch. Often, when seemingly ascertained by the rapid process above indicated, a further inquiry will be requisite; the more detailed description must be read, and figures consulted, before its name can be indisputably determined. In addition to the difficulty arising from the insufficient characters frequently given by Fabricius and the older authors, obstacles arising from their errors not seldom intervene. Thus they have sometimes selected for a _specific_ character,--as in the case of _Megachile centuncularis_, _Nomada ruficornis_, and various other insects,--what really only indicates a _family_. At other times _sexual_ characters common to many,--as in _Eucera longicornis_, _Locusta perspicillata_, &c.,--have been had recourse to. In these cases, in order satisfactorily to ascertain your species, you must further consult the _synonyms_ and _habitat_ given by the original describer, especially the figures he has referred to. When all these fail, as they sometimes will, the _dernier resort_ is a reference to the cabinet containing the original specimen from which the description was drawn. British Entomologists possess an invaluable privilege, which their continental brethren may well envy them, in having the most liberal access, indulged to them by the learned President of the Linnean Society, to Linné's collection of insects, from which a large proportion of the species he described may be ascertained[1587]. Several of the cabinets, especially the Banksian,--now the property of the Linnean Society,--from which Fabricius described his insects, may also still be consulted; and thus many mistakes rectified, which would otherwise greatly mislead[1588].

Though sometimes the limits that separate good species appear at first very slight, and require a practised eye to catch them, yet it occasionally happens that considerable apparent differences may safely be disregarded. The _colour_ of insects,--to which unhappily for want of better characters we are so generally forced to have recourse,--though usually constant, is in some species very variable[1589]. This is the case sometimes with _whole_ colours. Thus _Carabus arvensis_, _Pœcilus cupreus_, &c., are sometimes of a copper colour; at others, resemble brass; at others, they are green or blue, and even black. The colour of _spots_ also often varies. In some individuals of _Pentatoma oleracea_ they are pale, and in others red. The number and shape of spots are also often inconstant. Many of the species of _Coccinella_ so abound in these variations, that nothing short of the most careful examination can enable you to distinguish the species from the variety. Insects vary also in _size_: but as this is never assumed as a specific character, it will not occasion you much trouble. Where the difference in this respect between two specimens is very great, the presumption is that they are specifically distinct. Differences in _sculpture_ and _proportion_ do not always indicate different _species_; this being sometimes, as we have seen above, only a _sexual_ character[1590]. Authors also in their descriptions, in this respect sometimes mislead the young student. When Linné calls the _thorax_ of _Aphodius erraticus_ smooth (_lævis_) he would not expect to find it covered with impressed puncta, and with a longitudinal posterior impressed line. Likewise in describing _Chlænius vestitus_ and _nigricornis_, Fabricius passes without notice their punctate surface, so different from that of other _Harpalidæ_. Errors of this kind however, it is but fair to observe, are chiefly to be attributed to the circumstance that both Linné and Fabricius rarely employed a _microscope_ in making descriptions; though no one now attempts this, except where insects are large, without such an aid.

If you ask, How am I to acquire this delicacy of tact which is to decide when the terms of a specific character are to be rigidly adhered to, and when taken with a certain latitude? I answer, In the same way in which a connoisseur attains the faculty of discerning the works of different masters in painting;--by such careful study of your author as will make you master of his style. Thus you will soon perceive in what cases expressions are to be taken literally and strictly, or with some allowance and abatement.

There yet remains more distinctly to be adverted to, the assistance that may be derived in the investigation of insects from _figures_. Generally speaking, these should never be referred to in the first instance, but be regarded as a resource when the ordinary methods leave the subject of inquiry doubtful. Those who begin their entomological studies by turning over figures usually end them there, and never attain to that nameless tact in making out insects that can only be the result of patient study. Indeed figures, though often very useful, and sometimes indispensable, can scarcely ever exhibit those nice characters, particularly as to sculpture, that distinguish some insects. Our modern artists, indeed, are remedying this defect of the art, by giving in many cases the thorax or elytrum apart, with all its sculptural peculiarities: but this is not, and cannot be, done so as to represent every one. But though in general figures should be your last resort, I know not whether an exception to the rule may not be advisable with respect to the _Lepidoptera_, which are more difficult to be intelligibly described than any other order of insects; while a good figure exhibits to the eye all those markings and shades, that scarcely any description can place clearly before the mind.

When every attempt to investigate the name of your unknown species fails, and you have consequently reason to believe that it is undescribed, the best mode you can pursue for retaining that knowledge of its characters, which from your long investigation you must have acquired, is to note them down in your _entomological journal_, inserting it under its proper genus with a trivial name of your own. Such a journal you will find almost a _sine qua non_ for containing a catalogue of your insects, and to register any observations concerning individuals you may have had an opportunity of making. With regard to this journal, I should recommend to you to get two blank books. One a duodecimo of 200 or 300 pages, to contain the mere catalogue of your insects, their habitat and localities, or the source from which you derived them. In this you should number the genera in Roman capitals, and the species under each by a figure; leaving considerable space at the end of each genus for the insertion of new species. The other book should be of an octavo size, containing 400 or 500 pages. Under the number of each genus and species you might describe and figure it, if undescribed; if described, note in what it varies from the description, and what characters are overlooked: and in general, insert such observations, with regard to its economy and habits, as you may have had an opportunity of making.--As to foreign insects, wherever you can, upon _good_ authority, be particular in indicating the country and station of each specimen.

I need not say much to you concerning the microscopes you should use for the examination of insects, a common pocket one of three glasses of different powers will answer every ordinary purpose[1591].

* * * * *

We have treated hitherto of insects as we find them now inhabiting our globe: but I must not conclude our correspondence without taking some notice of those that are found in a _fossil_ state. Fossil insects may be divided into those that are found in _amber_, and those that are found in _other_ substances.

It has been observed with respect to insectiferous amber, that the greater part of the insects found in it exist no longer in the countries that produce that amber, and that in every different locality the insects found in it are different. Thus the amber of Sicily contains various species of _Coleoptera_ not to be met with in other ambers, while that of the Baltic is rich in _Diptera_ and _Neuroptera_[1592]. It is further observed, that the insects inclosed in the amber of Prussia, and those figured by Sendelius in his _Historia Succinorum_, all belong to genera at this time found in Europe[1593]. Insects of the following genera are recorded as having been found in this singular substance: _Platypus_, _Elater_, _Atractocerus_; _Gryllus_, _Mantis_; larvæ of _Lepidoptera_; _Trichoptera_; _Ephemera_, _Perla_, _Termes_; _Formica_; _Tipula_, _Bibio_, _Empis_; _Scolopendra_; and various _Arachnida_[1594]. In a piece of amber in my collection I find _Evania_, _Formica_, _Chironomus_, and some _Arachnida_.

Fossil insects have also been found in other substances. Parkinson figures larvæ of _Libellulina_ found in limestone[1595]; some _Melolonthæ_ in slate; a _Polistes_ in schistus; _Carabi_ and _Necrobia_ in vegetable debris: but some of these rather belong to a comparatively modern formation[1596].

* * * * *

I observed in the outset of our correspondence, that we were entering an august temple, exhibiting in its inmost sanctuary the symbols of the Divine Presence[1597]. In proportion as we have penetrated, glory from that Shechinah has more and more shone forth: and whether we have considered the uses of insects, their ways and instincts, their forms and structure, and their arrangement in a wondrous and complex system, the WISDOM, POWER and GOODNESS of their and our CREATOR have every where been marvellously conspicuous, and calculated to awaken in us every devotional feeling. If, indeed, we admire and study these little creatures, or any other department of nature, without reference to their CREATOR, and collect and love them merely for _themselves_, we shall be in some sense idolaters, and, like the ancient world, put the _works_ of GOD in his place. But if, while we admire them and store them up and study them, we see in them his glory reflected, and in the _creature_ love the CREATOR, the study of them, in conjunction with that of the written Word, will be highly beneficial to us, and at the same time that it ministers to our temporal enjoyment will promote our eternal interests.

Taking this view, I cannot better close our correspondence on the subject that has so long occupied us, than in the pious words of one of our most admired poets:

"Happy if full of days--but happier far, If, ere we yet discern life's evening star, Sick of the service of a world that feeds Its patient drudges with dry chaff and weeds, We can escape from custom's idiot sway, To serve the Sovereign we were born t' obey. Then sweet to muse upon his skill display'd (Infinite skill) in all that he has made! To trace, in Nature's most minute design, The signature and stamp of pow'r divine, Contrivance intricate, express'd with ease, Where unassisted sight no beauty sees, The shapely limb and lubricated joint, Within the small dimensions of a point, Muscle and nerve miraculously spun, His mighty work, who speaks and it is done, Th' Invisible in things scarce seen reveal'd, To whom an atom is an ample field: To wonder at a thousand insect forms, These hatch'd, and those resuscitated worms, New life ordain'd and brighter scenes to share, Once prone on earth, now buoyant upon air, Whose shape would make them, had they bulk and size, More hideous foes than fancy can devise; With helmet-heads and dragon-scales adorn'd, The mighty myriads, now securely scorn'd, Would mock the majesty of man's high birth, Despise his bulwarks, and unpeople earth: Then with a glance of fancy to survey, Far as the faculty can stretch away, Ten thousand rivers pour'd at his command From urns that never fail through every land; These like a deluge with impetuous force, Those winding modestly a silent course; The cloud-surmounting alps, the fruitful vales; Seas on which every nation spreads her sails; The sun, a world whence other worlds drink light; The crescent moon, the diadem of night; Stars countless, each in his appointed place, Fast anchor'd in the deep abyss of space:-- At such a sight to catch the poet's flame, And with a rapture like his own exclaim, These are thy glorious works, thou source of good! How dimly seen, how faintly understood! Thine, and upheld by thy paternal care, This universal frame, thus wondrous fair; Thy power divine, and bounty beyond thought, Adored and praised in all that thou hast wrought. Absorb'd in that immensity I see, I shrink abas'd, and yet aspire to thee; Instruct me, guide me to that heavenly day, Thy words, more clearly than thy works, display, That, while thy truths my grosser thoughts refine, I may resemble thee, and call thee mine.[1598]"

FOOTNOTES:

[1582] Compare what is said VOL. I. p. 47--.

[1583] VOL. III. p. 28--. See above, p. 377--.

[1584] See above, p. 546.

[1585] In _Elater_, Fabricius describes 137 species; in _Melolontha_, 149; in one section of _Rhynchænus_, 161; of _Curculio_, 183; and in his _Papiliones Heliconii_, 300.

[1586] Thus he places _Chlænius holosericæus_ and _nigricornis_, which might pass for varieties, far asunder; and _Dromius agilis_ is even put in a different section from _D. quadrimaculatus_, _truncatellus_, &c.

[1587] The continuance of this important privilege, by the lamented death of the learned President, is now rendered uncertain; but I trust we may anticipate, that by the liberality of the members of the Linnean Society, and if necessary of the public, this invaluable treasure, by being fixed in the Metropolis, will be more than ever accessible to the British Naturalist.

[1588] It may not be amiss to mention a few:--_Sphæridium dytiscoides_ is a _Hydrophilus_ related to _H. fuscipes_. _S. glabratum_ is heteromerous, probably one of the _Helopii_ Latr. _Carabus retusus_ and _Maderæ_ both belong to _Calosoma_. _Cistela angustata_ is a true _Choleva_. See _Linn. Trans._ xi. 138.--S.

[1589] See above, p. 406.

[1590] VOL. III. p. 304.

[1591] For dissections the one recommended above, p. 201, may be used. Sometimes a watchmaker's eye-glass, which also sets the hands at liberty, will be found useful.

[1592] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xxxii. 264.

[1593] _Ibid._ xvi. 281.

[1594] _Ibid._

[1595] _Organic Remains_ iii. _t._ xvii. _f._ 2.

[1596] _Ibid._ 281--.

[1597] VOL. I. p. 20.

[1598] Cowper's _Retirement_.

APPENDIX.

_DE GENITALIBUS ET GENERATIONE INSECTORUM._

Inter tot et tanta OPTIMI CREATORIS miracula, quæ _Regnum Animale_ tantopere illustrant, vix ulla sunt majori admiratione digna, et Physiologi eruditi introspectione, quam quæ ad generationem insectorum spectant. Quamvis enim inter sexûs organa vertebratorum animalium et insectorum analogia haud parva locum habet; numero tamen, figura et proportione partium, miro modo sæpius differunt; et organa insuper plura in insectis reperiuntur quorum in vertebratis exempla frustra quæsiveris.

Hoc argumentum tractando duo sunt imprimis consideranda, _genitalia_ nempe ipsa utriusque sexûs, et _coitus_.

I. De _genitalibus_ in genere prima observatio erit, "quo minor horum, habita corporis ratione, moles, eo magis nervorum systema, et cephalicum imprimis ganglium, predominans fit; eo major igitur intellectûs facultas (instincto naturali consociata) reperitur," ut in principibus, _Apibus_ nempe, _Formica_, &c.[1599] In _Hymenopteris_, iterum, _Dipteris_, et _Neuropteris_, hæc organa maxime retracta sunt; dum in _Lepidopteris_, _Coleopteris_, et _Orthopteris_ (quorum insuper mascula et feminea insigniter inter se congruunt[1600]), magis exserta jacent[1601]. Genitalia plerumque in extremitate postica abdominis sub _ano_ sita sunt[1602], sed in _Arachnidis_ et _Libellulinis_ masculis in basi _ventris_, in _Phalangio_ sub _ore_, et in _Chilognathis_ in anteriore corporis parte subtus latitant[1603]. Ubi organa duplicantur, ut _testes_, semper symmetrica sunt. Non obliviscendum est quòd in diversis generibus habitu externo persimili consociatis, imò in diversis unius generis speciebus genitalia diversa interdum reperiuntur[1604]: sic in Lamellicornibus _stercorariis_ (_Scarabæus_, _Copris_, &c.), testes tantummodo sunt _duo_; in _arboreis_ (_Melolontha_, &c.) _duodecim_, et in _floralibus_ (_Cetonia_, &c.) _viginti-quatuor_.

Genitalia sunt vel _mascula_ vel _feminea_.

i. Genitalia _mascula_, sunt _penis_; _canalis excretorius_; _vesiculæ seminales_; _vasa deferentia_; _testes_; _prehensores_; et _semen_.

1. _Penis_[1605] quoad _substantiam_ plerumque membranaceus, at interdum corneus est, et intus cavernosus[1606]; in _Coleopteris_ apice vagina bivalvi vulvam aperiente instructus est[1607]: _figura_ variat admodum, sæpius tamen cylindricus vel subcylindricus est; in _Blattis_ apicem versus sensim attenuatus[1608]; in _Cherme Pyri_ capitatus[1609]; in _Vespa vulgari_ cochleariformis[1610]; in _Crabrone_ bilobus[1611]; in _Poliste gallica_? incurvus et apice bicornis[1612]; in _Sarcophaga carnaria_ apice spinosus[1613]; in _Megachile muraria_ difformis[1614]; in _Tyrophaga Casei_ et quibusdam aliis _Muscidis_, spiralis[1615]; in _Cordulia ænea_ et _Phalangio_ biarticulatus[1616]. Utplurimum nudus est, sed in _Tephrite_ fimbriatus. In insectis proprie dictis _simplex_ est hoc organon, in _Scorpionibus_ autem _duplex_ evadit; quod fit etiam in quibusdam reptilibus, _Serpentibus_ nempe et _Lacertis_[1617].

2. _Canalis excretorius_ e concursu vesicularum seminalium formatur, et a _pene_ excipitur in quo terminat et cui semen reddit; interdum brevissimus est, ut in _Blatta_[1618], et interdum iterum prælongus, ut in _Blapte Mortisaga_, _Tyrophaga Casei_, et aliis[1619]. Plerumque cylindricus est, musculosus, compactus, et externe tracheis pertextus[1620].

3. _Vesiculæ seminales_ conniventes formant, ut jam dictum est, canalem excretorium communem cujus prolongatio bifida esse videntur; vasa deferentia hinc excipiunt. Interdum vasa hæc ac vesiculæ seminales eodem loco in canali excretorio communi terminant, unde canalis hic tumidior fit[1621]. Vesiculæ supradictæ maxime variant: modo canalem exhibent ventricosum, tortum, implexum, longissimum; modo rectum, breviorem. In plerisque _duæ_ sunt vesiculæ seminales, etiam in _Lepidopteris_ monorchidis; in quibusdam (_Tenebrione Molitore_, _Hydrophilo piceo_) _quatuor_[1622]; in aliis (_Dytisco marginali_) _sex_[1623]; et, in _Locustis_ et _Blatta_, _plurimæ_[1624]. Breves admodum sunt in _Orthopteris_ et quibusdam _Coleopteris_[1625]; sed in aliis longissimæ; in _Orycte nasicorni_ vicies, et in _Cetonia aurata_ ter decies corpus longitudine superant[1626]. In hisce organis semen e testibus per vasa deferentia acceptum ante emissionem elaboratur.

4. _Vasa deferentia_ ita appellantur quia semen e testibus acceptum ad vesiculas seminales _deferunt_. Ex utroque teste unum vas deferens exit, et si utrinque plures sint testes, ut in _Melolontha_[1627], _Cetonia_, &c., omnia ad unicum utrinque canalem formandum confluunt, qui vesiculis supradictis semen reddit: interdum, ut in _Lepidopteris_[1628], ab his nullo modo separantur, unum canalem aut tubum formantia; sed in aliis penitus sunt distincta[1629]. Ex eodem filo quo contexuntur testes vasa deferentia sæpius deducuntur.

5. _Testes_ organa sunt semen primum secernentia: variant _compositione_, _numero_, et _figura_. In quibusdam (_Lepidopteris_ et _Hymenopteris_) sunt compacti vasculis visui se subducentibus; in aliis (_Orthopteris_, _Neuropteris_, _Dipteris_, et quibusdam _Coleopteris_) e vasculis brevibus cæcis variique voluminis conformati sunt, atque tunica densa tenaci vel rete tantum mucoso obducti[1630]; vel iterum ex unico variisque modis tecto canali varie contorto et implexo, qui deduci potest et haud raro massam ovalem trachearum ope contextam refert, conflantur, ut in _Coleopteris Prædaceis_ tam aquaticis quam terrestribus[1631].

_Numero_ etiam variant testes. Quædam _Lepidoptera_, ut _Pontia Brassicæ_, item _Iulidæ_[1632], _unico_ gaudent; pleraque tamen insecta animalia vertebrata hic æmulantur, et testibus instruuntur _duobus_; in _Nepa cinerea_ et reliquis _Hemipteris_ quatuor vel quinque[1633], in _Melolontha vulgari_ sex[1634], et in _Cetonia aurata_ duodecim[1635], utrinque deteguntur. Interdum ex acinis pluribus compacti videntur, et bacciformes appellari possunt. In _Lamia_ duodecim glandulæ in utroque teste coalitæ inveniuntur[1636], et in _Tenebrione Molitore_ plurimæ[1637].

Quoad _figuram_, interdum, ut in _Pontia_ Papilionum genere, spherici evadunt[1638]; in _Gryllo_ pyriformes[1639]; in _Ape mellifica_ oblongi[1640]; lineares et longissimi in _Procruste coriaceo_, in quo _decies_ longitudine corpus superant[1641]; in _Nepa cinerea_ sub-ovati, et singuli filamento longo varie convoluto et contorto terminati[1642].

In _larvis_ etiam hæc organa detegere est. Sic in eruca _Pontiæ_ quatuor testes sunt utrinque, vel potius unicus ex quatuor serie ordinatis, conflatus[1643]. Hi sensim coacervantur donec in sphæricum testem antea descriptum coalescant.

6. _Prehensores_[1644] sunt organa figura varia quibuscum mas in coitu feminæ anum corripit et comprimit. Quoddam analogum in quibusdam _Mammaliis_, _Avibus_, _Piscibus_, et _Reptilibus_[1645] invenitur, sed in insectis maxime conspicui. Eorum _situs_, _numerus_; et _forma_, sunt notandi.

Quoad _situm_--circa foramen per quem prodit penis sub ano plerumque sunt inserti, sed in _Conope_ cornu prehensorium in segmento ventrali antepenultimo deprehenditur[1646]; et in _Libellulinis_, præter prehensores _anales_, par est aliud anum spectans, in secundo _ventris_ segmento pone penis ipsius situm[1647]. Prehensorum _numerus_ minime constans: plerumque _duo_ sunt, sed in _Cicada_, _unicus_ furcatus tantummodo videre est[1648]; in _Lepidopteris_ variis, _Conope_, _Libellulidis_, _tres_ anum armant, difformes tamen[1649]; _duo paria Culicem_ signant[1650], _Megachilem murariam_[1651], et _Agrionidas_[1652]; in _Locustis_ veris intra abdomen retracta sunt hæc organa; in pupa tamen _L. morbillosæ_, in nostro musæo asservata, _quinque_ apparent; _sex_ in _Formicis_ De Geerius detexit, sed in cognato genere _Myrmica_, _duo_ tantum[1653]; _quatuor paribus_ postremo _Tipula oleracea_ instructa est. Prehensorum _forma_ multifarie variat, imò haud raro in specie eadem: interdum enim _prehensioni_ soli hujusmodi instrumenta sunt adaptata, aliis diversæ figuræ _compressionem_ efficientibus; interdum et utroque munere funguntur. In _Pontia Brassicæ_, in qua par _unicum_, concavo-convexi sunt, deltoidei, intus setis rigidis fimbriati, et apice dente incurvo armati[1654]; in _Acrida varia_ tenues, simplices, recurvi; in _Spilosomate lubricipeda_, quæ _tribus_ gaudet, laterales sunt concavo-convexi, ovati, dum intermedius brevior est, triangularis et unguiculo armatus[1655]; in _Cordulia ænea_, et affinibus, _duo superiores_ sunt lineares et undulati, et _inferior unicus_ profunde bifidus[1656]; in _Vanessa Urticæ_ exteriores duo sunt conchiformes, par autem interius unguiforme[1657]; in _Culice_ superiores longiores conici hirsuti, inferiores breviores et ut in præcedente unguem referunt[1658]; in _Tipula oleracea_, in qua _octuplici_ prehensore anus armatus, valvulæ omnes figura diversæ--par exterius nempe concavum membranaceum reliquos includens, secundum unguiculatum, tertium subclavatum, et ultimum fere lunatum[1659]; in _Megachile muraria_, inter alios diversos, unum par literæ T formam habet[1660]; in _Bombo_ forceps analis bivalvis est intus ramosus[1661]; et in _Panorpa_ cheliformis[1662].

7. De _semine_ ipso insectorum paucula sunt notanda. Fluidum est spissum, lacteum, granulis repletum; sub lente punctula numerosa, nigra, oblonga, incurva, in illo deteguntur. Quoad _analysin_ ejus, neque alkalinum neque acidum est, sed quoddam neutrum inter hos intermedium. Ex sanie vel sanguine deoxydato, et durante coitu copiosissime secernitur: in aqua tepida solvitur, et conquassatum fundum petit: spiritu vini rectificato superfuso flocculi quidam formantur[1663].

ii. _Genitalia_ feminea _vulva_ excepta antea tractavi[1664], hæc est tubus subcylindricus, foramine ovali vel lunato ab ano distincto, cum matrice connexus, et per quem semen in coitu transmittitur. In _Scorpionibus_ duplicem esse vulvam affirmatur duobus ovariis connexum[1665].

II. _Coitus._--Coitum insectorum tractaturo paucula de lenociniis amatoriis, et aliis ejusmodi, quæ antecedunt, sunt prædicenda. _Olfactu_ mares _Phalænarum_ interdum feminam latentem, uti canis leporem, odorantur[1666]; splendore phosphorico _Lampyrides_ et quorundam aliorum insectorum feminæ maritum ad lectum gramineum prælucent; et huc referri forsan debet plurium cæcus ardor lumina circumvolandi, vel etiam in lumen irruendi; _sonus_ excitat feminas _Cicadarum_ et _Gryllinarum_[1667], &c. ad amores, et cantu stridulo querelisque amatoriis diem ducit mas cupidus, donec sponsa advolat, et tori foliosi fit haud invita particeps. Sonitu etiam uterque sexus formidati _Anobii_ mutuo sese provocant ad venerem[1668].

In plurimis tamen insectis femina fit modestiæ et pudicitiæ exemplar, et non nisi difficillime et capite averso maris ardori se tradit. In insectorum moribus et œconomia virtutum plurimarum typum quendam et delineationem nobis proposuit DEUS O. M., quem imitari nos voluit, interdum jussit[1669]. Sic excitare nos ad laborem indefessum, ad prudentiam item et amorem erga prolem _Formicæ_ dedit[1670]: _Api_ ad devotam sui consecrationem, et omnium facultatum et virium ad reipublicæ emolumentum, ad obsequium quoque verum erga parentes et regem[1671]; atque ita, ut jam dictum est, in re amatoria insectorum feminæ sæpe speciem præ se ferunt pudoris et castitatis, et virginibus verecundiam, virtutum omnium custodem, et sexûs sui ornamentum maxime proprium, moribus suis prædicant. Hujus modestiæ exemplar insigne præbent _Libellulinæ_. Œstro amoris concitus, mas feminæ collum _prehensore_ anali triphyllo arripit et avolat, illam quasi prædam secum gerens; sponsæ sic electæ, persuadere in animo est ut caudam suam inflecteret, et ad coitum se daret, quod, illa invita, fieri nequit; maris enim genitalia, ut antea dictum est, in basi ventris sita, feminæ vero in extremo ano; hinc, nolente illa, vix fit coitus, et sæpissime longo et vano labore, huc illuc volando virginem protervam frustra solicitat; sed tandem lacessitus aquas petit, quas sponsæ cauda longa, me teste, sæpius flagellat, donec defatigata, et quasi ex frigido calorem concipiens, demum et sensim caudam inflectit, et se reddit amori[1672]. _Araneam_ ferocem, sævam etiam in amoribus, mas caute appropinquat, et, si blanditiis ejus minus propitiam sese ostendat, cito resilit, ne osculorum loco morte donetur: coitu etiam peracto, pede veloci ab uxore se subducit, quæ illum, imo post Veneres, aliàs forsan voraret[1673]. In genere mares feminas antennarum et abdominis motibus et frictione lenocinantur et ad coitum provocant.

Insecta sunt alia, ut _Phalænæ_, _Muscidæ_ quædam, et _Apis mellifica_, in quibus inversa est hæc naturæ lex casta; harum enim feminæ marem petunt, vel blanditiis alliciunt ad amores.

Nunc de _coitu_ ipso tractabimus, in quo hæc sunt præcipue notanda--_modus_, _statio relativa_, _locus_, et _duratio_.

i. Plerisque insectis penis _intrans_ est, sed in _Muscidis_ quibusdam inversa est lex, et feminæ tubus retractilis analis, foramen sub ano maris penetrat et ita coëunt[1674]. _Araneidis_ singulari et mirabili prorsus modo fit coitus; organi enim masculi functio partim palpis et partim membro ventrali delegatur: prioribus includitur glans quæ pudendum femineum penetrat, et sic in utroque sexu, palpis ambobus alternis vicibus huic officio inservientibus, orgasmus venereus producitur, cui insequitur fœcundatio, ab organo _ventrali_ masculo; femina tubercula duo supra genitalia sita in rimas totidem inter branchias maris immittente, et in temporis momento omnia peracta sunt[1675]. Listerus, De Geerius, et alii in zootomia periti, in palpis latere organum masculum crediderunt, sed ex observationibus et dissectionibus Trevirani patet, testes et vesiculas seminales in abdomine locum habere[1676]; sed exitus horum solummodo in orificio[1677]; in palpis e contra est organum exsertile penem referens, quod in coitu erigitur et fere glandiforme est: hinc deduci potest, ut videtur, quod utrumque organum pro genitale habendum, et fœcundationem feminæ ab utroque pendere.

ii. _Statio relativa._ In plerisque insectis, durante coitu, _maris_ statio _superior_ est, et _feminæ_ inferior, in hujus dorsum conscendente illo; interdum tamen hæc lex inversa est, et marem femina ascendit, quod ipse vidi in _Vespa vulgari_, et _Scatophaga_; in _Pulice_ etiam femina superior, sed more humano os ori[1678]; quod fit etiam in aliis quibusdam masculo prædominanti, nempe in _Cryptophago_ quodam minuto, nostris sub oculis, in _Zygæna_, _Culice_, et _Phalangio_[1679]. In insectis _Orthopteris_ et pluribus _Hemipteris_ sexus in coitu sibi invicem a latere paralleli stant[1680]; sed in aliis _Hemipteris_, saltem in _Pentatomate_, more canum capitibus aversis, quod fit etiam in quibusdam _Tipulidis_, res venereas peragunt[1681].

iii. _Locus._ Interdum in _terram_ et inter _gramina_; interdum inter _arborum_ et _fruticum_ ramos, et sub foliis; interdum iterum super _aquas_; et in ipso _aëre_ demum haud raro amoris gaudiis ultimis fruuntur; hîc _Ephemeræ_ caducæ in ipso venere choreas ducunt; sursum et deorsum, memetipso teste, alternatim volitantes[1682]: hîc etiam _Apum_ regina et mater in sublime fertur maritum infelicem petens, qui voluptatem brevem vita emat[1683]: _Phalænarum_ feminæ apteræ hue illuc per aërem inter arbores trahuntur a mare alato[1684]; et quarundam _Tipularum_ mares a feminis tracti, per aërem item durante coitu rapiuntur. Modeste satis coëunt insecta, utplurimum plantarum sub umbra latitantes; et plura insuper, ut quædam _Tipulæ_, _Tineidæ_, et _Bombycidæ_, sub cortina alarum abdomen omnino tegente, veneri se tradunt[1685].

iv. _Duratio._ Coitus horum animalium duratio varia, interdum, ut in _Araneidis_, spatio perbrevi conficitur, in quibusdam tamen plus uno die opus est. Plures feminas interdum aggreditur idem mas, hoc in _Bombyce_, _Chrysomela Polygoni_, et _Musca domestica_ obtinet. _Aphidem_ masculum cum _quinque_ feminis successive copulantem De Geerius videbat[1686].

N.B. _Inter_ pupas Orthopterorum et Hemipterorum _coitus interdum locum habet, quod maturiorem organizationem in his_ analogis, _quam in aliis insectis probat_.

FOOTNOTES:

[1599] Rifferschweils _De Insect. Genital._ 9.

[1600] De _Orthopteris_ hoc præcipue notavit D. Marcel. de Serres (_Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 113--.) in quibus vesiculæ seminales, colleterio; testes, ovariis; vasa deferentia, oviductui; canalis seminalis, ovipositori, &c., mutuò adamussim respondent.

[1601] Rifferschw. _De Insect. Genital._ 9.

[1602] Reaum. ii. 79. Herold. _Schmetterl._ _t._ iv. _f._ 2, 3.

[1603] Treviranus _Arachnid._ 11, 36--. Reaum. vi. 436. _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xi. 82. Marcel. de Serr. _ubi supr._ 104. Latreille _Fam. Nat._ 324.

[1604] Rifferschw. _ubi supr._

[1605] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _a._

[1606] Rifferschw. 10. _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 242.

[1607] _Ibid._ & xxxv. 412.

[1608] Gaede _Anat. der Ins._ _t._ i. _f._ 9. _a._

[1609] De Geer iii. _t._ ix. _f._ 11. _t._

[1610] Reaum. vi. _t._ xvi. _f._ 6, 7. _g._

[1611] _Ibid._ _t._ xviii. _f._ 4, 5. _g._

[1612] _Ibid._ _t._ xxvii. _f._ 16. _c._

[1613] De Geer vi. _t._ iii. _f._ 17. _d, e, f_.

[1614] Reaum. vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 5. _d, e, m._

[1615] Swamm. _Bibl. Nat._ _t._ xliii. _f._ 17. _a, b, c._

[1616] De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 11. _f._ _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xi. 82.

[1617] _Ibid._ xxx. 41; xxix. 177.

[1618] Gaede _Anat._ _t._ i. _f._ 9.

[1619] _Ibid._ 18. Swamm. _ubi supr._ _t._ xliii. _f._ 17. _e, d._

[1620] Rifferschw. 10.

[1621] _Ibid._ 22.

[1622] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9. _d, e._ _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 241.

[1623] Swamm. _ubi supr._ i. 223. _t._ xxii. _f._ 5. _h, i_. Hoc insecto et _Hydrophilo_ supradicto organa insunt quæ pro _Prostatis_ habentur.

[1624] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xvi. 242. Gaede _t._ i. _f._ 9. _d d._

[1625] _Ibid._ etiam _t._ ii. _f._ 9. 14. _d d._

[1626] Cuv. _Anat. Comp._ v. 192.

[1627] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 2. _c._

[1628] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ xxxii.

[1629] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9.

[1630] Rifferschw. 19.

[1631] _Ibid._ 20.

[1632] Marcel. de Serres _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 115.

[1633] _Ibid._ 128. Comp. Cuv. _Anat. Comp._ v. 195. cum Swamm. _Bibl. Nat._ i. 102.

[1634] Cuv. _Ibid._ 191.

[1635] _Ibid._

[1636] Rifferschw. 22.

[1637] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 9. _b b._

[1638] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ iv. _f._ 8, 9.

[1639] Gaede _t._ ii. _f._ 14. _b b._

[1640] Swamm. _ubi supr._ _t._ xxi. _f._ 1. _a._

[1641] Rifferschw. 21.

[1642] Swamm. _t._ iii. _f._ 6. _f._

[1643] Herold, _ubi supr._ _t._ v. _f._ 1, 9. &c.

[1644] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _b._

[1645] Cuv. _ubi supr._ v. 115.

[1646] De Geer vi. _t._ xv. _f._ 8. _d._

[1647] _Ibid._ ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 11. _e._

[1648] Reaum. v. _t._ xix. _f._ 9.

[1649] _Ibid._ ii. _t._ xxvi. _f._ 10, 11. _ll_. De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 9.

[1650] Reaum. iv. _t._ xl. _f._ 8. _c, e._

[1651] _Ibid._ vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 4. _c, b._

[1652] De Geer ii. _t._ xxi. _f._ 20. _b, c._

[1653] _Ibid._ _t._ xlii. _f._ 11. _b, c, d_; _t._ xliii. _f._ 13. _p._

[1654] Herold. _Schmett._ _t._ iv. _f._ 3. _x x._

[1655] Reaum. ii. _t._ iii. _f._ 2. _c._ _l._

[1656] De Geer ii. _t._ xix. _f._ 9. _b, c_; _f._ 10. _c._

[1657] Reaum. ii. _t._ iii. _f._ 3. _c._ _l._

[1658] _Ibid._ iv. _t._ xl. _f._ 8. _c._ _e._

[1659] _Ibid._ v. _t._ iii. _f._ 7, 8.

[1660] _Ibid._ vi. _t._ viii. _f._ 4. _b, c._

[1661] PLATE XXII. FIG. 1. _b._

[1662] PLATE XV. FIG. 12. L´´.

[1663] Rifferschw. 12.

[1664] Vide _supra_, LETTER XLII.

[1665] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xxx. 16. 425. Marcel. de Serres _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 89.

[1666] Rai. _Hist. Ins._ 177. Jurine _Hymenopt._ 9. not.

[1667] VOL. II. p. 390--.

[1668] _N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat._ xxxvi. 255.

[1669] _Prov._ vi. 6; xxx. 25.

[1670] VOL. I. p. 364--.

[1671] VOL. II. LETTER XIX.

[1672] Reaum. vi. 432--.

[1673] De Geer vii. 179--.

[1674] Reaum. iv. 385.

[1675] De Geer vii. 249. Treviran. _Arachnid._ 41.

[1676] Marcel. de Serres penem in palpis cum teste pyriformi in thorace connexum esse affirmat, _Mém. du Mus._ 1819. 95.

[1677] Treviran. _Ibid._ 37. _t._ iv. _f._ 33.

[1678] De Geer vii. 10.

[1679] Reaum. ii. 72. _t._ ii. _f._ 2. De Geer vi. 314; vii. 165. Rai. _Hist. Ins._ 40.

[1680] De Geer ii. 24; iii. 132.

[1681] De Geer iii. 242. _t._ xiii. _f._ 15.

[1682] _Ibid._ iii. 642.

[1683] Huber _Nouv. Observ._ i. 37--.

[1684] De Geer ii. 276.

[1685] Reaum. ii. 65--.

[1686] De Geer iii. 62.

AUTHORS QUOTED.

[N. B. _Those works in the following list to which an Asterisk is prefixed are useful to the Entomologist. The abbreviations of the titles of the works used in the text and notes of the_ Introduction to Entomology, _in the list are put in Italics_.]

_Acerbi_ (Joseph) _Travels_ through Sweden, Finland, and Lapland, to the North Cape, in 1798 and 1799. London 1802. 4to.

_Adams_ (Joseph, M.D.) Observations _on morbid poisons_. London 1807. 4to.

_Ælianus._ De Natura Animalium.

_Ahrens_ (Augustus) _F_au_na_ insectorum _Europ_æ. Halæ 1812--. 12mo.

_Aldrovandus_ (Ulysses) De animalibus insectis. Bononiæ 1602. fol.

_Amoreux_ (P. J.?) Notice des _insectes_ de la France reputés _venimeux_. A Paris 1789. 12mo.

_Anderson_ (James, LL.D.) _Recreations in Agriculture_, natural history, the arts, and miscellaneous literature. 6 vols. London 1799--. 8vo.

_Andrews_ (James Pettit) _Anecdotes_ ancient and modern, with observations, and supplement. London 1789--. 8vo.

_Angelinus_ (Fulvius), &c. De verme admirando per nares egresso. Ravennæ 1610.

_Anonymous._ _A description of the island of St. Helena_, containing observations on its singular structure and formation, and an account of its climate, natural history, and inhabitants. London 1808. 8vo.

ARISTOTELES. Tom. iv. Lutet. Paris. 1629. fol.

_Azara_ (Felix de) _Voyage_ dans l'Amerique Meridionale. Paris 1809. 8vo.

_Bacon_ (Lord Verulam) _Works_ of, by Mallet. 4 vols. London 1740. fol.

_Baker_ (Henry) Of _Microscopes_ and the discoveries made thereby. 2 vols. London 1785. 8vo.

_Bancroft_ (Edward, M.D.) Experimental researches concerning the philosophy of _permanent colours_, &c. London 1794. 8vo.

_Banks_ (The Right Hon. Sir Joseph, K.B. P.R.S., &c.) A short account of the cause of the disease in corn called by the farmers _the blight_, the mildew, and the rust. London 1805. 4to.

_Barclay_ (John, M.D.) An inquiry into the opinions, ancient and modern, concerning _life and organization_. Edinburgh 1822. 8vo.

_Barrow_ (John) Account of _travels_ into the interior of Southern Africa in the years 1797, 1798, &c. London 1801. 4to.

_Bartram_ (William) _Travels_ through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, E. and W. Florida, &c. Philadelphia 1791. 8vo.

_Beckmann_ (Johann.) Physikalisch-ökonomische _bibliothek_, &c. Göttingen 1778--.

_Bell_ (Charles, M.D.) Essays on the anatomy of expression in painting. London 1806. 4to.

_Belon_ (Pierre) Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses memorables trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo.

_Berk_ (Van F. H.) Verhandeling ten bewijze, &c. Haarlem 1807. 8vo.

_Berkhausen_ Naturgeschichte der Europaïschen schmetterlinge. Frankfurt 1784. 8vo.

_Berneaud_ (Thiebaut de) Voyage to the isle of Elba. E. Tr. London 1814. 8vo.

_Bewick_ (Thomas) The history of British _Birds_. London 1797. 8vo.

_Bilberg_ (Gustavus Johannes) * Monographia Mylabridum. Holmiæ 1813. 8vo.

_Billardiere_. Relation du _Voyage de la recherche de la Perouse_ pendant les années 1791-1794. 2 tom. A Paris, An. viii. 4to.

_Bingley_ (William) _Animal Biogr_aphy, or anecdotes of the manners and economy of the animal creation, arranged according to the system of Linnæus. 3 vols. London 1803. 8vo.

_Bochart_ (Samuel) _Hierozoicon_, sive bipartitum opus de animalibus S. Scripturæ. Francofurt: ad Mœn. 1675. fol.

_Bonner_ (James) Plan for speedily increasing the number of _bee_hives in Scotland. London 1795. 8vo.

BONNET (Charles) * _Œuvr_es d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie. 18 vols. à Neuchatel 1779--. 8vo.

_Bonomo_ (Giovan. Cosim.) Osservazioni intorno a pellicelli del corpo umano. Firenze 1687. 8vo.

_Bradley_ (Richard P. Bot. Cant.) A _Phil_osophical _acc_ount _of_ the _works of_ _nat_ure, &c. London 1721. 4to.

_Brahm_ (Nikol. Jos.) _Ins_ekten _kal_ender für sammler und œkonomen. Mainz 1790. 8vo.

_Brez_ (Jacques) _La Flore des insectophiles_ precédé d'un discours sur la utilité des insectes et de l'étude d'insectologie. Autrecht 1791.

_Broughton_ (Thomas Duer) _Letters written in a Mahratta camp_ in 1809, descriptive of the manners, &c. of the Mahrattas. London 1813. 4to.

_Browne_ (Patrick) The civil and natural history of _Jamaica_. London 1756. fol.

_Bruce_ (James) _Travels_ to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768-1773. 5 vols. Edinburgh 1790. 4to.

_Brunnich_ (Martin Thrane) _Entomologia_, sistens insectorum tabulas systematicas--Latine et Danice. Hafniæ 1764. 8vo.

_Butler_ (Charles) The _fem_inine _monarchie_ or the history of bees. Oxford 1634. 4to.

_Campbell_ (John) _Travels_ in S. Africa, undertaken at the request of the Missionary Society. 2nd ed. London 1815. 8vo.

_Carus_ (C.G.) _Introd_uction _to_ the _Comp_arative _Anat_omy of Animals, compiled with constant reference to Physiology, and elucidated by twenty copper-plates. Translated from the German by R. T. Gore. 2 vols. London 1827. 8vo.

_Catesby_ (Mark) The natural history of _Carolina_, Florida, and the Bahama islands. 2 vols. London 1731--. fol.

_Charleton_ (Gualterus) Onomasticon Zooicon. London 1668. 4to.

_Christ_ (J. L.) Naturgeschichte, klassification und nomenclatur der insekten, vom bienen, wespen, und ameisengeschelecht, &c. (_Hymenopt._) Francfurt am Main 1791. 4to.

_Clairville._ * _Ent_omologie _Helvet_ique, ou catalogue des insectes de la Suisse, rangées d'apres une nouvelle methode. tom. 2. Zuric 1798--. 8vo.

_Clark_ (Bracy) * An essay on the bots of horses and other animals. London 1815. 4to.

_Clarke_ (Edward Daniel, LL.D.) _Travels_ in various countries of Europe, Asia and Africa. 8 vols. London 1816--. 8vo.

_Consett_ (Matthew) _Tour through Sweden_, Swedish Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, &c. London 1789. 4to.

_Cook_ (James, Capt.) Account of the _voyages_ undertaken by order of his present Majesty for making discoveries in the S. Hemisphere by John _Hawkesworth_, LL.D. &c. 3 vols. London 1773. 4to.

_Coquebert_ (Anton. Johann.) * _Illustr_atio _ic_onographica insectorum quæ in musæis Parisinis observavit et in lucem edidit Joh. Christ. Fabricius, &c. Decas. 1-3. Parisiis 1779--. 4to.

_Cramer_ (Peter) * _Papillons exotiques_ des trois parties du monde, L'Asie, L'Afrique et L'Amerique. Utrecht 1779--. 4to.

_Cuba_? (M.D.) Ortus sanitatis. De herbis et plantis, de animalibus et reptilibus, de avibus et volatilibus, de piscibus et natatilibus, de lapidibus, &c. 1485. fol.

_Curtis_ (John) * _British Entomology_, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, &c. London 1824. 8vo.

_Curtis_ (William) A short history of the brown-tailed moth, &c. London 1782. 4to.

CUVIER (G. L. C. F. D. Baron) * Leçons d'_Anat_omie _comp_arée. 5 vols. Paris 1805. 8vo.

-------Le _Règne Animal_ distribué d'après son organisation, &c. tom. 4. Paris 1817. 8vo.

_Darwin_ (Erasmus, M.D.)

------- _Zoonomia_, or the laws of organic life. London 1794. 4to.

_Darwin_ (Erasmus, M.D.) _Phytologia_, or the philosophy of agriculture and gardening. London 1800. 4to.

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_De Jean_ (M. le Baron) * Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptères de M. le B. de J. A Paris 1821. 8vo.

--------- * Species Général des Coléoptères, de la Collection de M. Le Comte De Jean. tom. 2. A Paris 1825, 1826. 8vo.

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--------- Epitome of the natural history of the _insects of China_. London 1798. 4to.

------------------------------------------------------- _of India_. 1800. 4to.

------------------------------------------------------- _of N. Holland_. 1802. 4to.

_Douce_ (Francis) _Illustrations of Shakespeare_ and of ancient manners. 2 vols. London 1807. 8vo.

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_Escholtz._ Beiträge sur naturkund.

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------------------ * _Syst_ema _Ent_omologiæ sistens, insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiæ 1775. 8vo.

FABRICIUS (Johann. Christian.) * _Ent_omologia _syst_ematica _em_endata et aucta, secundum classes, &c. tom. 4. Hafniæ 1794--. 8vo.

--------- * _Supplem_entum Entomologiæ systematicæ. Hafniæ 1798. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Eleuth_eratorum secundum ordines, &c. tom. 2. Kiliæ. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Rhyng_otorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1803. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Piez_atorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1804. 8vo.

--------- * _Syst_ema _Antl_iatorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1805. 8vo.

--------- Resultate natur historischer _vorlesungen_. Kiel. 1804. 8vo.

_Fabricius_ (Otho) _F_au_n_a _Groenland_ica, systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiæ occidentalis hactenus indagata, &c. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1780. 8vo.

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_Fischers._ Beschreibung eins huhns mit menschenähnlichen profile. St. Petersburg 1816. 8vo.

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_Geoffroy_ * _Hist_oire _abreg_ée des insectes dans laquelle ces animaux sont rangées suivant un ordre methodique, tom. 2. (_Ins. Par._) A Paris 1764. 4to.

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_Hooker_ (Professor) Journal of a tour in Iceland in the summer of 1809. Yarmouth 1811. 8vo.

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_Huber_ (Francis) New observations of the natural history of bees. 2nd ed. (E. Tr.) Edinburgh 1808. 12mo.

------- * _Nouv_elles _obs_ervations sur les abeilles, tom. 2. A Paris et à Genève 1814. 8vo.

_Huber_ (P.) * Recherches sur les mœurs des _fourmis_ indigènes. A Paris 1810. 8vo.

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HUMBOLDT (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Personal travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent during the years 1799-1844. (E. Tr.) 5 vols. London 1818--. 8vo.

HUMBOLDT (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Essais sur la géographie des plantes. Paris 1805.

-------- Political essay on new Spain. (E. Tr.) London 1811. 8vo.

-------- Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée. A Paris 1805. 4to.

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_Lafontaine._ Traité de la chirurgie. Leipzig. 1792.

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------- Philosophie zoologique. A Paris 1809. 8vo.

_Lambert_ (John) _Travels_ through the United States of America, _Canada_, and Georgia in the years 1806-8. 3 vols. London 1810. 8vo.

_Latham_ (John) A general synopsis of birds. 3 vols. London 1781--. 4to.

LATREILLE (Pierre André) * _Hist_oire _nat_urelle générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes, tom. 14. Paris 1802--. 8vo.

--------- * _Hist_oire _nat_urelle _des fourmis_ et recueil des mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. A Paris 1802. 8vo.

--------- * _Gen_era _Crust_aceorum _et_ _Ins_ectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. tom. 4. Parisiis et Argentorati 1806--. 8vo.

--------- _Fam_illes _nat_urelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, avec l'indication de leurs genres. A Paris 1825. 8vo.

--------- et De Jean (Baron) * Histoire naturelle et iconographie des insectes _Coleoptères d'Europe_. A Paris 1822--. 8vo.

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------------- Arcana naturæ opes et beneficio exquisitissimorum microscopiorum detecta variisque experimentis demonstrata, &c. Lugd. Batav. 1696. 4to.

------------- _Epist_olæ physiologicæ super compluribus naturæ arcanis, &c. Delphis 1719. 4to.

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--------- _De_ _anten_nis _insect_orum dissertatio prior fabricam antennarum describens; Dissertatio posterior usum antennarum recensens. Londini 1799--. 12mo.

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------ * _F_au_n_a _Suec_ica. Sistens animalia Sueciæ regni, Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes distributa per classes, &c. Ed. altera. Stockholmiæ 1761. 8vo.

------ _Flor_a _Lapp_onica, exhibens plantas per Lapponiam crescentes, secundum systema sexuale, collectas in itinere &c. anno 1732 instituto, &c. Ed. J. E. Smith. Eq. Londini 1792. 8vo.

------ Skanska resa, fürrättad ar 1749. (_It. Scan._) Stockholm 1751. 8vo.

------ _Lach_esis _Lapp_onica, or a tour in Lapland, now first published from the original MS. Journal of the celebrated Linnæus, by Sir J. E. Smith. 2 vols. (_Lach. Lapp._) London 1811. 8vo.

------ _Amœn_itates _Academ_icæ, seu dissertationes variæ physicæ, medicæ, botanicæ antehac seorsim editæ, nunc collectæ et auctæ, &c. tom. 7. Lugd. Bat. 1749--. 8vo.

------ * _Philos_ophia _Botan_ica in qua explicantur fundamenta botanica, cum definitionibus partium, exemplis terminorum, observationibus rariorum, &c. ed. 2da. Viennæ 1783. 8vo.

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MACLEAY (William Sharp) * _Hor_æ _Entomolog_icæ, or essays on the annulose animals.

Vol. 1. Part I. containing general observations on the geography, manners, and natural affinities of the insects which compose the genus _Scarabæus_ of Linnæus, &c. London 1819. 8vo.

Vol. 1. Part II. containing an attempt to ascertain the rank and situation which the celebrated Egyptian insect, _Scarabæus sacer_, holds amongst organized beings. London 1821. 8vo.

------- * _Annulos_a _Javan_ica. London 1824. 4to.

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-------- * Systematische beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 5. Aachen. Hamm. 1818-1826. 8vo.

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-------- _Eruc_arum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis. Amstelæd. 1718. 4to.

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--------- _Travels_ in the Ottoman empire, Egypt and Persia. (E. Tr.) 2 vols. London 1813. 8vo.

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-------- _N_eue _nord_ische _beytr_äge zur physikalischen und geographischen erd und volkerbeschreibung, naturgeschichte und oekonomie. (_N. Nord. Beytr._) St. Petersburg und Leipzig 1781--, 8vo.

-------- _Travels_ through the southern provinces of the Russian empire in the years 1793, 1794. (E. Tr.) 2 vols. Leipsig 1801. 4to.

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------ The _journal_ of a mission to the interior of Africa in the year 1805; together with other documents, official and private, &c. 2nd ed. London 1815. 4to.

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RAY (John) _Cat_alogus Plantarum circa _Cant_abrigiam nascentium, &c. Londini 1660. 12mo.

--- _Hist_oria _Plant_arum, species hactenus editas aliasque noviter inventas et descriptas complectens. Londini 1686. fol.

--- The _wisdom of God_ manifested in the works of creation. London 1692. 8vo.

--- (John) * _Hist_oria _Ins_ectorum, cui subjungitur appendix de Scarabæis Britannicis autore M. Lister. Londini 1710. 4to.

--- Philosophical _Letters_ between the late learned Mr. Ray and several of his ingenious correspondents; to which are added those of F. Willughby, Esq. published by W. Derham. London 1718. 8vo.

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_Redi_ (Franciscus) _Opusc_ulorum pars prior sive experimenta circa generationem insectorum, &c. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo.

------ _Opusc_ulorum tomus alter. Experimenta circa varias res naturales speciatim illas quæ ex Indiis afferuntur. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo.

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------------ _Studies_ from Nature. (E. Tr.) 4 vols. London 1796. 8vo.

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SAVIGNY (Jules César) * Mémoires sur les _anim_aux _sans vertèbr_es. Parties I. II. A Paris 1816. 8vo.

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_Scheele_ (Charles William) Chemical observations and experiments _on air and fire_. (E. Tr.) London 1780. 8vo.

_Schellenberg_ (J. R.) * _Cimic_um in Helvetiæ aquis et terris degentium genus in familias redactum observationibus et iconibus ad naturam delineatis illustratum. Turici 1800. 8vo.

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_Stoever_ (D. H.) The life of Sir Charles Linnæus; to which is added a copious list of his works, and a biographical sketch of the life of his son. (E. Tr.) London 1794. 4to.

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_Wiedemann_ (C. R. W.) _Archiv._ für zoologie & zootomie. Berlin und Brunschweig. 1800--.

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FOOTNOTE:

[1687] This memoir, which was sent me by its learned author, is stated as part of the first volume of his _Histoire Naturelle_.--K.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XXI.[1688]

FIG.

1. Part of the interior of _Cossus ligniperda_. (Lyonet.) _a_, _b_. The spinal chord and its ganglions. _d._ The nerves. _e._ The bronchiæ connected with the trachea.

2. One of the labial palpi of ditto. (Ibid.)

3. Another view of the interior of ditto. (Ibid.) _a._ Trachea. _b._ Bronchiæ. c. Œsophagus. d. Ventricle or stomach. _e._ The lower intestines, f f. The bile vessels. g. _Sericterium_, or silk reservoir. h. _Sialisterium_, or saliva vessel.

4. Part of one of the tracheæ of ditto, to show its coats and spiral thread. (Ibid.) VOL. IV. p. 63.

5. A portion of the interior of ditto, to show the _epiploon_, or fat. (Ibid.) _a a._ Epiploon. VOL. IV. p. 150.

6. Leg of ditto laid open. (Ibid.) a a _a_. Semipenniform muscles of ditto. _b._ Their lower point of insertion in the claw. _c._ Muscles of the coxa. VOL. IV. p. 185.

7. Nervous system of the grub of _Oryctes nasicornis_. (Swamm.) _a._ The first ganglion or brain. _c._ The remaining ganglions, forming a thick spinal chord. _d._ The nerves issuing from them.

8. ------------- of the louse. (Ibid.) _a._ The brain. _c c c._ The ganglions. _d._ Nerves.

9. The spinneret, or organ that renders the silk of the _Cossus_. (Lyonet.) VOL. III. p. 124. #/

PLATE XXII.[1689]

FIG.

1. Male genital organ of a _Bombus_. _a._ The male organ. _b._ The prehensor. VOL. IV. p. 576, 580.

2. Female ditto of the louse. (Swamm.) _a._ The oviduct with an egg passing through it. _b c._ The ovaries. _d._ The _colleterium_, or varnish secretor. _e._ The lower extremity of the oviduct.

3, 4. Larvæ as arranged in the body of two species of viviparous flies. (Reaum.) VOL. I. p. 257; IV. p. 170.

5. Interior of postpectus. _Dynastes._ a. Parapleura. b b b. Points of the postfurca. c. Its stalk.

6. The medifurca of ditto, a. Base. b. Apex.

7. Antefurca of ditto, a. Base.

8. Mesothorax. _Calandra._

9. Mesophragm and appendage. _Dynastes._ a a. Pieces adjacent. b. Septula. c. The notch for the transmission of the intestines.

10. Part of metaphragm, ditto, a. A kind of cupule affording a point of attachment to muscles. d. A deep notch for the intestines.

11. Interior of the upper side of alitrunk of ditto. a. The cavity of the chest between the prophragm and mesophragm. b. Ditto between the mesophragm and metaphragm. c. Cupules that afford a point of attachment to some of the wing-muscles. d. Notch of the metaphragm.

12. Portion of the alitrunk of _Melolontha vulgaris_. c. Cupule attached to the axis of the wings.

13. Part of the postpectus of _Dytiscus marginalis_, to show the operculum. VOL. III. p. 578.

14. Part of the metathorax of _Melolontha vulgaris_, to show the metapnystega. Ibid. 572.

15. The pseudocardia, or dorsal vessel of _Stratyomis Chamæleon_. (Swamm.)

16. _a._-_w._ Specimens of scales from the wings of various Lepidoptera. (Reaum., De Geer.) VOL. III. p. 644--.

PLATE XXIII.

FIG.

1. One of the prolegs of a caterpillar. _Cossus._ (Lyonet.) _a._ Its coronet of spines. VOL. III. p. 134.

2. One of the spiracles of ditto. (Ibid.) VOL. IV. p. 37--.

3. Three of the hexagonal lenses of a bee's eye, with their prisms. (Swamm.) VOL. III. p. 496.

4. Trunk of a flea with the head removed, showing that all the legs are attached to the former. Ibid. p. 656.

5. Alitrunk of _Dytiscus marginalis_, exhibiting the wings as they are folded when unemployed.

6. Part of ditto, with the scutellum and apex of an elytrum, to show the alula. VOL. II. p. 343; III. 557.

7. Anterior and posterior prolegs of _Tanypus maculatus_. (De Geer.) _a._ Posterior proleg. _b._ Anterior ditto. VOL. II. p. 275; IV. p. 363.

8. Posterior extremity of a pupa, to show the _cremastræ_, or hooks by which it is suspended. _a._ Hooks. VOL. III. p. 209, 255; IV. p. 363.

9. Another specimen, in which the hooks are more numerous. _a._ Hooks.

10. _Pulex penetrans_, or the Chigoe. VOL. I. p. 49, 102.

11. Mandible of the larva of _Myrmeleon Formicaleo_. (Reaum.) VOL. III. p. 121.

12. Anal spinneret of ditto. (Ibid.)

13. Branching palpus, or feeler of _Trombidium holosericeum_.

14. Part of the tarsus of a spider, to show the simple and pectinated claws. (De Geer.) VOL. III. p. 690.

15. A pair of spinners of a spider. (Leeuwenh.) VOL. III. p. 392.

16. A _mammula_ or teat of ditto. VOL. III. p. 391.

17. Anus of ditto.

18. Stilt-legs of a dipterous larva. (De Geer.) #/

PLATE XXIV.

FIG.

1. The bag-net. VOL. IV. p. 529.

2. The landing-net. Ibid. p. 534.

3. Mr. Paul's net. Ibid. p. 530.

4. The fly-net. Ibid. p. 531.

5. The forceps. Ibid. p. 533.

6. The breeding-cage. Ibid. p. 553.

7. Apparatus for effectually killing large moths, &c. _a._ The upper piece of the tube. _b._ The lower. _c._ The saucepan. Ibid. p. 543.

8. A beetle transfixed by a pin. Ibid. p. 544.

9. A butterfly, ditto, with the wings set out by card braces. Ibid. p. 546.

10. A scale of two inches, with one subdivided into lines, twelve to the inch.

PLATE XXV.[1690]

FIG.

1. Antenna with a lamellate knob.

2. Ditto Ditto

3. Antenna with a pectinate knob.

4. ------- cirrate.

5. ------- with a tunicate knob. Inside view.

6. ----------------------------- Outside view.

7. ------- clavate, with clava solid.

8. --------------------------- serrate.

9. ------- with an inflated knob.

10. ------ gradually incrassate.

11. ------ biflabellate.

12. ------ with a patellate scape. _a._ Scape.

13. ------ with a solid knob.

14. ------ clavate, with last joint elongated.

15. ------ broken.

16. ------ unguiculate. _a._ Claw.

17. ------ scopiferous. _a._ Stellated brush.

18. ------ suddenly incrassate, and biserrate.

19. ------ capillaceous, and suddenly incrassate. (Stöll.)

20. ------ bipartite.

21. ------ clavate, with clava subramose.

22. ------ bipectinate.

23. ------ broken.

24. ------ suddenly incrassate.

25. ------ pectinate. ♂.

26. ------ serrate. ♀.

27. ------ filiform, and submoniliform.

28. ------ auriculate. _a._ Auricle.

29. ------ appendiculate. _a._ Antenna. _b._ Appendicles.

30. ------ capitate, with a multiarticulate knob.

31. ------ spiral.

32. ------ fasciculate.

33. ------ capitate, with a transverse solid knob.

34. ------ capillaceous, or suddenly attenuated. (Latr.)

35. ------ embracing the eye. VOL. III. p. 523.

PLATE XXVI.[1691]

FIG.

1. Feeler, maxillary, lamellate and appendiculate. _a._ Appendicle. _b._ Last joint lamellated. _c._ Second joint. VOL. III. p. 449, note^d. _Atractocerus._

2. ----------------- heteromorphous. _Cerocoma._

3. ----------------- fasciculate. _Lymexylon._

4. ----------------- incrassate.

5. ----------------- clavate.

6. ----------------- conical.

7. ----------------- subulate.

8. ----------------- fusiform.

9. Maxilla compound, with the lobes spinous.

10. ------------------------------- unarmed.

11. ---------------- with the upper lobe biarticulate. VOL. III. p. 442.

12. ---------------- with the lobes penicillate.

13. ------ simple, mandibuliform, lobe unarmed. (MacLeay.)

14. ------------- lobe penicillate. (Ibid.)

15. ------------------ toothed. (Ibid.)

16. Mandibula. _Cyphus Hancocki._

17. ---------- _Rhipicera marginata._

18. ---------- _Eurhynchus lævior._

19. ---------- _Manticora Gigas._

20. ---------- _Euchlora viridis._

21. ---------- _Macraspis tetradactyla._

22. ---------- _Apogonia gemellata._

23. Labium, &c. of _Stenus_.

24. -------------- _Stomis_. (Clairv.) _a._ Lateral lobes of tongue. _b._ Intermediate lobe.

25. -------------- _Geotrupes_. External view.

26. -------------------------------- Internal view.

27. -------------- _Hister maximus_. (MacLeay.)

28. -------------- _Leistits_. (Clairv.)

29. -------------- _Lepidiota Stigma_ K.MS.

30. Labrum whiskered. _Halictus._ _a._ Appendicle.

31. ----------------- _Megachile._

32. ----------------- _Pelecium._

33. ----------------- _Chasmodia viridis_ M^cL.

34. Labrum, &c. of _Genuchus_.

35. -------------- _Cremastochilus_. VOL. III. p. 422.

36. Lateral view of the head of _Tetraopes_, to show the eye wholly divided by the canthus.

37. Part of the trunk of a spider, to show the position of its simple eyes.

38. Eyes compound, columnar. _Xenos._

39. ------------------------ _Ephemera._

40. Eyes compound and stemmata of _Reduvius personatus_.

41. ----------------------------- _Fulgora laternaria_. Stemmata subocular.

42. Eyes compound and stemmata of _Cercopis_. Stemmata intraocular.

43. Eyes simple, dorsal. _Phalangium._

44, 45. Claw-joint of tarsus of _Lamia_, to show the arthrium.

46. --------------------------- _Vespa Crabro_.

47. Tarsus of _Entimus imperialis_. a. The rotula or ball received by the socket of the tibia.

48. The penultimate bilobed joint of ditto, with the arthrium separated from the claw-joint.

49. Part of the claw-joint so separated. a. Muscles which enter the arthrium.

PLATE XXVII.[1692]

FIG.

1. Head of _Cordylia Palmarum_. _a a._ Muscles fixed in the _myoglyphides_ or muscle-notches.

2. ------- _Apoderus Coryli_.

3. ------- _Buprestis acuminata_.

4. ------- _Copris_. _a._ Muscles.

5. ------- _Elater_. _a a._ Corneous scales analogous to pax-wax, attached to the depressor muscles, like those of _Geotrupes_. VOL. IV. p. 183.

6. ------- tibia. _Cordylia Palmarum._

7. End of thigh, ditto, next the tibia.

8. ----------------- _Dynastes_. VOL. III. p. 671. note^a.

9. Head of tibia of ditto.

10. ---------------- _Copris bucephalus_. VOL. III. p. 670.

11. End of thigh, ditto, next the tibia.

12. Middle coxa. _Melolontha vulgaris._ a. The open part which receives the muscles.

13. Posterior ditto, ditto. _a._ The open part.

14. Head of posterior thigh of ditto.

15. End of ditto next the tibia. _Gryllus._

16. Head of tibia of ditto. VOL. III. p. 669--.

17. Lateral view of ditto.

18. ------------ of the head of the coxa of _Lamia_. a. The point of attachment with the body, or the orifice through which the muscles pass.

19. Back view of ditto.

20. Posterior trochanter of _Ichneumon_, biarticulate. VOL. III. p. 665.

21. Tibia of _Arachnida_, to show the epicnemis.

22. Multiarticulate spiral antenniform tarsus of _Cermatia_.

23. Armed thigh. _Scaurus._

24. ----- tibia. _Hispa spinipes._

25. Auriculate posterior tarsus. _Dasytes ater._

26. Armed anterior ditto. ditto.

27. ----- anterior coxa. _Megachile Willughbiella._

28. ----- trochanter. _Necrophorus._

29. Calcar or spur, thumb-shaped. Anterior tibia of _Acherontia Atropos_.

30. Calcar of posterior tibia. _Œnas afer._

31. --------- anterior ditto. _Zabrus gibbus._

32. --------- intermediate ditto. _Acanthopus splendidus._

33. --------- posterior ditto. _Ammophila vulgaris._

34. --------------------------- _Acanthopus splendidus._

35. --------- intermediate tibia. _Cimbex Vitellinæ._

36. Calcar and velum of anterior ditto. _Apis mellifica._ a. The notch in the first tarsal joint.

37. Claws of _Anomala Frischii_.

38. -------- _Macraspis quadrivittata_.

39. -------- _Serica brunnea_.

40. -------- _Melolontha vulgaris_.

41. Posterior tarsus. _Gryllus monstrosus._

42. Part of tarsus of _Scolopendra_.

43. ----------------- _Lebia_, to show pectinated claws.

44. ----------------- _Phanæus_.

45. Part of tibia of _Onitis Apelles_ ♂, to show its very minute tarsus. VOL. III. p. 336.

46. Double claws of _Oxypterum_.

47. Claws. _Anoplognathus._

48. ------ _Hoplia._ Anterior tarsus.

49. ------ _Macrodactylus subspinosus._

50. Pecten of _Scorpio europæus_.

51. Claw of _Hoplia_, posterior tarsus.

52. ------- _Meloe variegatus_.

53. Pulvilli and claws of the _Asilidæ_.

54. --------------------- _Tabanus_.

55. --------------------- Hive-bee.

56. Pulvilli and pseudonychia. _Lucanus Cervus._

57. -------------------------- _Marmarina Lanius._

58. Segment of the body of _Iulus_. Showing that two pairs of legs are attached to each segment[1693].

59. Tarsus of _Priocera_, with involute pulvilli.

60. --------- _Nirmus Anseris_.

61. --------- _Xenos Peckii_.

62. --------- _Melittophagus_ K. VOL. I. p. 163. IV. p. 232.

63. --------- _Ixodes Ricinus_. (De Geer.)

PLATE XXVIII.

FIG.

1. Inside of elytrum of _Dytiscus marginalis_.

2. -------------------- _Strategus Aloeus_. Part of hypoderma peeled off.

3. Part of ditto of _Buprestis vittata_, to show the axis.

4. ---------------- _Passalus_.

5. ---------------- _Dynastes_.

6. ---------------- _Elater sulcatus_, to show the epipleura.

7. ---------------- _Blaps lethifera_, ditto.

8. ---------------- _Dynastes quadrispinosus_, ditto.

9. Alitrunk and part of tegmina and wings of _Locusta_. a. Space marked by the transverse nervure in which all the nervures of the anal area terminate. VOL. III. p. 618.

10. Alitrunk and part of elytra and wings of _Phyllopertha horticola_.

11. Alitrunk and part of tegmina and wings of _Fulgora laternaria_. Postfrænum funiculate, with an elastic part marked a. VOL. III. p. 558.

12. -------------------- hemelytra and wings of _Pentatoma_.

13. -------------------- wings of _Panorpa_.

14. ----------------------------- _Trichoptera_.

15. ----------------------------- _Lepidoptera_. _Geometra._

16. ----------------------------- _Lepidoptera_.

17. ----------------------------- _Diptera_.

18. Wing of _Chermes Fraxini_.

19. Tegmen of _Locusta_.

20. --------- _Issus_.

21. Wing. _Cercopis sanguinolenta._

22. ----- _Locusta._

23. Hemelytrum of _Reduvius_?

PLATE XXIX.[1694]

FIG.

1. Gills of a spider. (Treviran.)

2. ---------- _Scorpio europæus_. (Ibid).

3. Aëriducts of larva of _Ephemera fusco grisea_. (De Geer.) VOL. IV. p. 58.

4. --------------------------------- _vespertina_. (Ibid.) Ibid.

5. --------------------------------- _vulgata_. (Ibid.) Ibid.

6. --------------------- _Sialis lutaria_. (Ibid.) Ibid.

7. Thread-like ditto of the upper and under side of the larvæ of _Trichoptera_. (Ibid.) Ibid. p. 56.

8. Part of the body of the larva of a _Libellula_, laid open to show the tracheæ. (Reaum.) _a. a. a._ Tracheæ. VOL. IV. p. 66.

9. Part of the imago of ditto. (Ibid.) _a._ Vesicles that terminate the tracheæ. _b._ Oblong ditto. VOL. IV. p. 68.

10. Pupa of _Corethra culiciformis_. (De Geer.) _a. b._ Vesicles connected with the tracheæ. _c._ Tail. VOL. IV. p. 67.

11. Part of the head of _Armadillo zonatus_. _a._ Pseudo-spiracle. VOL. III. p. 493.

12. Part of the trunk of _Goerius olens_, to show its antepectoral spiracle. VOL. IV. p. 43.

13. Part of the abdomen of _Pneumora_. _a._ The series of ridges, by striking the hind leg over which they probably produce their noise. VOL. II. p. 391; III. p. 339.

14. Underside of part of the alitrunk of _Lygæus sexmaculatus_ K. _MS._ b. Branchiform apparatus between the scapula and parapleura. VOL. IV. p. 45.

15. ------------------------------------ _Pentatoma rufipes_. a. Corrugated membrane. b. Apparent fringe of hairs or bristles. Ibid.

16. Spiracle of larva of _Oryctes nasicornis_. (Sprengel.)

17. -------------------- _Dytiscus marginalis_. (Ibid.)

18. Part of the trachea and bronchiæ of the pupa of _Smerinthus Populi_. (Ibid.)

19. Spiracle of the imago of _Oryctes nasicornis_. _a._ The boss. (Ibid.)

20. Dorsal spiracle of _Cermatia_.

21. Pencil of hairs attached to a supposed respiratory plate in certain _Noctuidæ_. VOL. IV. p. 60.

22. Part of the back of the abdomen of the pupa of a _Pentatoma_. _a._ Pseudo-spiracle. _b._ Connecting corrugations. VOL. III. p. 713.

23. Unilabiate spiracle of _Gonyleptes_.

24. Portion of ventral segments of abdomen of _Aradus laminatus_ K. _a._ Tobaccopipe-shaped organ near the ventral spiracles. VOL. III. p. 713.

25. Part of the back of the alitrunk of _Belostoma grandis_, to show the metapnystega? or rather spiracle. VOL. III. p. 572; IV. p. 45.

26. Pseudo-spiracle of _Carkinodes cancriformis_. VOL. III. p. 714.

27. Part of the ventral segments of the abdomen of _Lygæus compressipes_. _a._ Pseudo-spiracles.

28. Portion of dorsal segments of _Dytiscus marginalis_, to show the large anal spiracles. VOL. IV. p. 42.

29. Plumiform gills in the mouth of the spiracles of the larva of _Cossus ligniperda_. (Sprengel.)

PLATE XXX.

FIG.

1. Brain, spinal chord and ganglions of a full-grown caterpillar of _Pontia Brassicæ_. _a._ The brain. _b._ The double spinal chord. _c d._ Ganglions with a portion of their nerves.

2. Brain, spinal chord and ganglions, after _two_ days, when the chord is shortened.

3. ---------------------------------- when the animal is become a pupa.

4. ---------------------------------- when it has been a pupa _six_ days.

5. ---------------------------------- just before it assumes the imago.

6. ---------------------------------- when it has become a butterfly. VOL. IV. p. 24--.

7. Intestinal canal of the caterpillar. _a._ Saliva vessel. _b._ Silk reservoir. _c._ Gullet or _œsophagus_. _d._ Stomach. _e e e._ Bile vessels. _f._ Large intestine. _g._ Rectum.

8. ------------------------------------ after it has assumed the pupa _two_ days.

9. ------------------------------------ after _eight_ days. _a._ Crop or honey-stomach, first showing by the dilatation of the base of the œsophagus.

10. ----------------------------------- _a._ Honey-stomach become a lateral appendage of the œsophagus _b._

11. ------------- of the butterfly. _a._ Honey-stomach. _b._ Œsophagus. _c._ Small intestine become very long. _d._ Rectum. VOL. IV. p. 118.

12. Anal portion of the interior of the female butterfly. _a._ Ovaries. _b._ Oviduct. _c._ _Colleterium_ or varnish secretor. _d._ _Spermatheca_ or sperm receptacle. _e._ Part of the spinal chord. _f._ Rectum. _g._ A secretory organ filled with a thick white fluid, which is supposed to lubricate the passage. VOL. IV. p. 132, 152. #/

FOOTNOTES:

[1688] VOL. IV. LETTERS XXXVII and XL.

[1689] VOL. IV. LETTER XLII.; III. p. 580--.

[1690] VOL. IV. p. 324--.

[1691] VOL. IV. p. 317-324. VOL. III. p. 415-455, 490, viii. 680. e.

[1692] VOL. III. 526, 661--.

[1693] N.B. The transverse lines in the figure are merely impressed, and do not represent a segment.

[1694] VOL. IV. LETTER XXXVIII.

ANATOMICAL INDEX[1695].

VOL. III. p. 353--.

Abdomen, 386, 697; iv. 359.

Acetabulum, 383, 428.

Aculeus, 390; iv. 162.

Adminicula, 254; ii. 297; iv. 363.

Aëriductus, iv. 50, 362.

Alæ, 616; iv. 344.

Alitruncus, 370, 545; iv. 339.

Allux, 385.

Alula, 372, 380, 623; ii. 354.

Amphiarthrosis, 403.

Antefurca, 368, 584.

Antennæ, 365, 508; iv. 324.

Antepectus, 367, 541; iv. 337.

Antlia, 361, 468.

Anus, 389.

Apophysis, 428.

Appendices, 390.

Appendicula, 354.

Areæ, 373, 595, 605, 612, 621.

Areolæ, 374, 623, 630; iv. 350.

Arthrium, 385, 683.

Articulatio, 407, 594, 604, 612, 617, 654, 663, 669, 680, 698.

Axis, 371, 373, 594, 605, 612, 617.

Basis, 360.

Brachia, 368, 544; iv. 338.

Branchiæ, iv. 60.

Bronchiæ, iv. 61.

Bulbus, 365, 515.

Bullæ, 624.

Calcaria, 369, 384, 675.

Calx, 385.

Canalis excretorius, iv. 563.

Canthus, 364; iv. 322.

Capitulum, 365; iv. 331.

Caput, 354, 404; iv. 314.

Cardo, 356, 439.

Cauda, 388; iv. 360.

Caudulæ, 391.

Centris, 388, 716.

Cephalophragma, 366.

Cephalotheca, 249.

Ceratheca, 249.

Cerci, 391.

Cerebrum, iv. 7.

Chela, 461--.

Choroides, 496.

Clavicula, 368, 661.

Clavola, 365, 516.

Cœcum, iv. 109.

Collare, 370, 546.

Colleterium, iv. 132.

Collum, 366, 525.

Commissura, 380.

Corium, 372, 400.

Cornea, 495.

Coronula, 369, 384.

Corpus, 353; iv. 313.

Corysterium, iv. 133.

Coxa, 383, 661; iv. 355.

Cremastræ, 255; iv. 363.

Cubitus, 368, 669.

Cultelli, 361.

Culus, 389.

Cytotheca, 249.

Dentes, 355, 432. _incisores_, 355. _laniarii_, 356. _molares_, 356.

Diarthrosis, 403.

Digitulus, 675.

Digitus, 385.

Dorsolum, 371, 551; iv. 340.

Duodenum, iv. 107.

Dura mater, iv. 7.

Elastes, 388, 714.

Elytra, 371, 593; ii. 343; iv. 342.

Enarthrosis, 403, 411, 681.

Endosternum, 392, 584.

Epicnemis, 384, 669.

Epidermis, 400.

Epigastrium, 387, 707.

Epiglossa, 358.

Epipharynx, 358, 457.

Epipleura, 372, 596; iv. 343.

Epiploon, iv. 150.

Epistomis, 475.

Ereisma, iv. 362.

Esoderma, 402.

Exoderma, 401.

Facies, 363.

Fæcifurca, iv. 362.

Femur, 383, 665; iv. 356.

Fila, 391.

Fistula, 361.

Flosculus, 391.

Foliola, 391.

Foramen, 388.

Forceps, 390.

Forfex, 391.

Frænum, 377, 557.

Frons, 364, 483.

Funiculus, 388, 700.

Furca, 391, 714.

Fusi, 392.

Fusulus, iv. 361.

Ganglia, iv. 8.

Gastrotheca, 250.

Genæ, 364, 487.

Ginglymus, 403, 430, 681.

Glossotheca, 249.

Gomphosis, 432.

Gonytheca, 383, 668.

Gula, 366.

Halteres, 380; ii. 354.

Hamuli, 380; ii. 353.

Hamus, 375; ii. 349.

Haustellum, 360, 466.

Hemelytra, 372, 611; iv. 344.

Humerus, 368, 665.

Hypochondria, 387, 708.

Hypoderma, 372, 598.

Hypopharynx, 358, 457.

Hypopygium, 389, 708.

Ileum, iv. 108.

Intestina _parva_, iv. 107. _magna_, iv. 108.

Ioterium, iv. 133.

Jejunum, iv. 108.

Jugulum, 366, 525.

Labella, 360.

Labium, 354, 419.

Labrum, 354, 417; iv. 317.

Laminæ, 362.

Ligamenta _Nuchæ_, iv. 183.

Ligula, 362.

Lingua, 357, 450; iv. 321.

Lobi, 356, 440.

Lobuli, 376.

Lora, 366.

Mammulæ, 391.

Mandibulæ, 355, 427; iv. 318.

Manitruncus, 367, 532; iv. 335.

Manus, 369, 680.

Mastigia, 150; ii. 249; iv. 362.

Maxillæ, 356, 438; iv. 318.

Medifurca, 378, 585.

Medipectus, 377, 560.

Meditruncus, 546.

Medulla _spinalis_, iv. 8.

Membrana, 373, 613.

Mentum, 354, 423.

Mesophragma, 378, 580.

Mesosternum, 378, 564.

Mesostethium, 381, 574.

Mesothorax, 370, 546; iv. 339.

Metaphragma, 381, 582.

Metapnystega, 380, 572.

Metasternum, 382, 576.

Metathorax, 378, 567; iv. 357.

Mola, 356, 435.

Molula, 384.

Mucro, 387.

Musculi, iv. 175.

Myoglyphides, 366, 526.

Nasus, 363, 474; iv. 321.

Nervi, iv. 14.

Neura _costalis_, 374, 625. _postcostalis_, 375, 626. _mediastina_, 375, 626. _externo-media_, 375, 626. _subexterno-media_, 375. _interno-media_, 375, 626. _subinterno-media_, 375. _analis_, 376. _axillaris_, 376.

Neuræ, 374; iv. 349. _subcostales_, 375. _spuriæ_, 376.

Nodi, 388.

Nucha, 366.

Occiput, 364, 486.

Oculi, 364, 489; iv. 322.

Œsophagus, iv. 104.

Opercula, 382, 577.

Ora, 367, 534.

Os, 354; iv. 316.

Osmaterium, 147; iv. 134; ii. 241.

Ovaria, iv. 154.

Oviductus, iv. 154.

Ovipositor, 389; iv. 157, 360.

Palatum, 454.

Palma, 369.

Palmula, 369.

Palpi, iv. 319. _maxillares_, 357, 446. _labiales_, 355, 424.

Papillæ, 401.

Paraglossæ, 358.

Parapleura, 381, 575.

Parastigma, 376.

Patagia, 367, 537.

Patella, 663.

Pectines, 382, 695.

Pectus, 392.

Pedes, 652; iv. 352. _intermedii_, 378. _postici_, 382.

Pedicellus, 365, 516.

Peristethium, 377, 560.

Pessella, 383.

Petiolus, 388.

Pharynx, 358, 455.

Phialum, 374, 598, 623.

Phragma, 367, 579.

Pia mater, iv. 7.

Planta, 384.

Plantula, 385.

Pleuræ, 379, 571.

Pnystega, 377, 559.

Podex, 389, 706.

Pollex, 369.

Postdorsolum, 379, 567; iv. 357.

Postfrænum, 379, 570; iv. 358.

Postfurca, 382, 586.

Postnasus, 363, 482.

Postpectus, 381, 573.

Postscutellum, 379, 569; iv. 357.

Potruncus, 567.

Proboscis, 360, 465.

Promuscis, 359, 463.

Propedes, 134; ii. 284; iv. 362.

Prophragma, 370, 580.

Prosternum, 368, 542.

Prostheca, 355, 437.

Prothorax, 367, 534; iv. 335.

Pseudocardia, ii. 29; iv. 83.

Pseudonychia, 385.

Pseudopecten, iv. 398.

Pseudospiracula, 712.

Pteropega, 371.

Pterygium, 380.

Pulmonarium, 386, 712.

Pulvilli, 385, 691.

Pylorus, iv. 105.

Rectum, iv. 108.

Respiratoria, iv. 48.

Rete mucosum, 400.

Retina, 496.

Retinaculum, 390.

Rhinarium, 363, 480.

Rostellum, 362, 471.

Rostrulum, 361, 470.

Rotula, 428, 663.

Rumulæ, iv. 362.

Scalpella, 360-362.

Scapula, 368, 663.

Scapularia, 377, 561.

Scapus, 365, 515.

Scutellum, 377, 553; iv. 340.

Segmenta _dorsalia_, 386, 705. _ventralia_, 387, 707.

Sensorium commune, iv. 19.

Septula, 381, 583.

Sericterium, iv. 128.

Sialisterium, iv. 130.

Siphonuli, 392.

Siphunculus, 362.

Solea, 385, 691.

Solenaria, 361, 469.

Spermatheca, iv. 152.

Spicula, 390.

Spiracula, iv. 37. ---- _antepectoralia_, 368. ---- _scapularia_, 378. ---- _parapleuritica_, 381. ---- _dorsalia_, 386. ---- _ventralia_, 387.

Squama, 388.

Stemmata, 365, 503; iv. 324.

Sternum, 542.

Stigma, 376; iv. 352.

Stipes, 356, 440.

Styli, 391.

Subfacies, 366, 524.

Syneurosis, 403.

Synovia, 428, 655.

Syringia, 150; iv. 362; ii. 248.

Talus, 384.

Tarsus, 384, 680; iv. 357.

Tegmina, 372, 604; iv. 344.

Tegulæ, 376; iv. 341.

Tempora, 364, 488.

Tendo, 380; ii. 349.

Terebellæ, 390.

Tergum, 386.

Testes, iv. 578.

Theca, 360.

Thorax, 392.

Tibia, 383, 669; iv. 356.

Torulus, 365, 514.

Tracheæ, iv. 62.

Trochanter, 383, 663; iv. 355.

Trochlea, 700.

Trophi, 354, 416; iv. 317.

Truncus, 366, 527; iv. 335.

Tubulus, 362, 389.

Tympanum, 387; ii. 400.

Umbones, 367.

Unci, 389.

Ungues, 357, 444.

Unguiculi, 385, 689.

Ungula, 385, 683.

Uvea, 496.

Vagina, 360.

Vaginula, 389.

Valvæ, 389.

Valvulæ, 361.

Vasa _deferentia_, iv. 578. _hepatica_, iv. 109.

Velum, 369.

Venter, 387.

Ventriculus, iv. 105.

Vertex, 364, 485.

Vesiculæ _respiratoriæ_, iv. 66. _seminales_, iv. 577.

FOOTNOTE:

[1695] N.B. Where the volume is not indicated, the _third_ is to be understood.

ORISMOLOGICAL INDEX[1696].

Abbreviatus, 269. _c´´_, 342. _f´_, 354.

Acclivis, 307.

Achatinus, 297.

Acerus, k, 324.

Acidus, 310.

Acies, 303.

Acinacicatus, 271.

Acinaciformis, 274.

Acquisitus, _d_†, 354.

Acuductus, 279.

Aculeiformis, _M´_, 361.

Acuminatus, 304.

Acutus, 303.

Adhærens, d´, 318.

Adiaphanus, 293.

Adjunctus, C, 359.

Adnatus, d´, 318. _v´_, 358.

Aduncus, _D_, 360.

Æneus, 291.

Æqualis, _f´´_, _i´´_, 345.

Æquatus, 277.

Æquidistantes, _f´_, 353.

Æruginosus, 289.

Alatus, _a_, 337. _s´´_, 356.

Albus, 287.

Aliformis, d´´, 344.

Alliaceus, 310.

Ambiens, _a_, 336.

Ambulatorius, _f´_, _d_†, 354.

Amethystinus, 291.

Amplectens, _g´_, 340.

Amplexus, A, 315.

Ampliatus, _c´´_, 343.

Anceps, 275.

Aneurosus, f´´, 349.

Angulatus, _a_, 337. _k´´´_, 351.

Anguloso-undulatus, 299.

Angulus _humeralis_, _c´´_, 342. _f´´_, 342, 348. _scutellaris_, _c´´_, 342. _f´´_, 342, 348. _posterior_, _f´´_, 348. _analis_, _f´´_, 349.

Angustatus, 269. k, 332.

Angustus, 269. _f´´_, 347.

Annulatus, 299.

Annulus, 294.

Antenniformis, h´´, 319.

Antepectoralis, _f´_, 353.

Anterior, _h_, 323.

Anticus, _f´´_, 344. _f´_, 354.

Apertus, c´, 318. k, 327, _g´_, 339. _k´´´_, 350. _t´_, 357.

Apex, 276, 303. _c´´_, 342.

Apiculatus, 304.

Appendiculatus, h´´, 320. k, 334.

Applicans, _f´´_, 346.

Approximatus, k, 325. _d_†, 353.

Apterus, 352.

Arcuatus, 271.

Areatus, _g´_, 340. _k´´´_, 350.

Areolatus, 299. _k´´´_, 350.

Argenteus, 291.

Aristatus, k, 332.

Armatus, _b_, 338.

Armillatus, 299.

Aromaticus, 310.

Articulus, 306. k, 334.

Ascendens, 307. _k´_, 341.

Asper, 285.

Ater, 290.

Atmosphæra, 295.

Atomus, 293.

Attenuatus, 268. k, 328.

Aurantius, 287.

Aureus, 291.

Auricula, 309.

Auriculatus, k, 334. _a_, 337. _a´´_, 339. _c´´_, 342.

Azureus, 289.

Badius, 290.

Barbatus, 286. k, 333.

Basis, 276, 303. _c´´_, 342.

Biarticulatus, k, 333.

Bicaudatus, _f´´_, 347.

Bifidus, 304.

Biflabellatus, k, 330.

Bipalpatus, 317.

Bipartitus, 304. k, 330.

Bipectinatus, k, 330.

Bisectus, 313. _ê_, 339.

Biserratus, k, 329.

Brevis, k, 326.

Brevior, k, 326.

Brevissimus, k, 326. _c´´_, 342.

Brunneus, 290.

Buccatus, A, 316.

Cælatus, 281.

Cæruleus, 289.

Cæsius, 289.

Calcar, 309.

Calcaratus, _s´´_, 357.

Calceoliformis, 276.

Callosus, 266.

Calvus, 285.

Campanulatus, k, 334.

Canaliculatus, 280.

Canaliformis, _u´_, 358.

Canalis, 302.

Cancellatus, 299.

Capillaceus, k, 331.

Capillaris, k, 327.

Capistratus, A, 316.

Capitatus, k, 331.

Capitulum _fissile_, k, 331. _tunicatum_, 331. _perfoliatum_, 332. _solidum_, 332. _inflatum_, 332.

Carinatus, 280.

Carneus, 287.

Carnosus, 267.

Cartilagineus, 266.

Caruncula, 309; iii. 537.

Castaneus, 290.

Catenulatus, 282.

Caudatus, _f´´_, 347.

Centipes, _f´_, _d_†, 353.

Cernuus, A, 314.

Cerviculatus, _a_, 336.

Cervinus, 289.

Chalybeus, 292.

Chelatus, c´, 318.

Cheliferus, _D_, 360.

Chrysalis, i. 67.

Cicatricosus, 281.

Ciliatus, 286. h, 324. k, 333.

Cimicinus, 310.

Cinereus, 287.

Cingens, h, 323.

Cingulatus, 299.

Cinnamomeus, 290.

Circularis, 269.

Circumambiens, _a_, 336.

Circumseptus, _f´´_, 349.

Cirratus, k, 329.

Cirrosus, 285.

Cirrus, 285.

Clathratus, 280.

Clathrosus, 279.

Clavatus, 272. k, 331.

Claviformis, 275.

Clepsydratus, 274.

Clypeatus, A, 315. _a_, 336. _s´´_, 338.

Clypeiformis, _a_, 335.

Coalitus, 308, 313. _ê_, 339. _k´_, 340. _u´_, 358. C, 359.

Coarctatus, 275; i. 67.

Coccineus, 288.

Cœcus, _m´´´_, 352.

Coleoptra, _c´´_, 342.

Colliformis, _a_, 335.

Colligatus, 308.

Columnaris, h, 323.

Comatus, 286.

Communis, 302.

Compactus, 313.

Complanatus, 280.

Completus, i. 67.

Complicans, _c´´_, 343.

Compositus, 309. d´, 318. h, 323. k, 333.

Compressus, 268.

Concavus, 277.

Conchiformis, _g´´_, 341.

Concolor, 300.

Confluens, 301.

Conglomeratus, h, 322.

Conicus, 273.

Connatus, 308. k, 325.

Connectens, _l´´´_, 350.

Connivens, 302. _f´´_, 346.

Conspersus, 297.

Constrictus, 276.

Consutus, 282.

Contiguus, 301. k, 325.

Convergens, 307.

Convexus, 277.

Convolutus, k, 327. _f´´_, 345.

Convolvens, _d´´_, 344.

Corbiculatus, _s´´_, 356.

Cordatus, 270.

Cordiformis, 273.

Coriaceus, 266.

Corneus, 266.

Cornu, _laminatum_, 309. _nutans_, 309.

Coronatus, _f´_, 363.

Corrugatus, 282.

Costalis, _k´´´_, 351.

Costatus, 280.

Crassus, 268. k, 328.

Crenatus, 305.

Crepera, 294.

Crinitus, 286.

Crispus, 302.

Cristatus, 280.

Croceus, 287.

Cruciato-complicatus, _f´´_, 346.

Cruciato-incumbens, _f´´_, 346.

Cruciatus, 305. _a_, 337. _v´_, 358.

Crustaceus, 266.

Crystallinus, 291.

Cubicus, 275.

Cucullatus, 336.

Cucumiformis, 273.

Cultratus, 271.

Cultriformis, 274.

Cuneatus, 270.

Cuneiformis, 273.

Cupreus, 291.

Cursorius, _f´_, 354.

Cuspidatus, 304.

Cyaneus, 288.

Cylindricus, 275.

Cymbiformis, 314.

Deauratus, 292.

Deciduus, _f´_, 353.

Declivis, 307.

Decolor, 300.

Decurvus, k, 326.

Decussatus, 306.

Deflexus, k, 327. _f´´_, 347.

Dehiscens, _c´´_, 343.

Deltoideus, 274.

Dens, 309.

Dentatus, 305. c´, 318. d´, 319. k, 329.

Denudatus, _f´´_, 348.

Depressus, 267.

Descendens, 307.

Detectus, _e´´_, 344.

Deuteromesus, _k´´´_, 352.

Diaphanus, 293.

Dicerus, k, 324.

Dichotomus, 305.

Didymus, 301. _k´´´_, 351.

Digitatus, _s´´_, 338. _f´´_, 347.

Dilatatus, 268, 302. k, 328.

Dimerus, B, 335. _q´´_, 356.

Dimidiatus, _c´´_, 342.

Dipterus, 352.

Discoidalis, _d´´´_, 343.

Discolor, 300.

Discus, 276.

Disjunctus, 313.

Distans, 308. k, 325. _r´_, 353.

Distichus, k, 329.

Distinctus, 300, 308. _k´_, 340. _u´_, 357. _D_, 360.

Divaricatus, 306. _f´´_, 346.

Divergens, 307. _f´´_, 347.

Dividens, h´, 322.

Dolabratus, _s´´_, 338.

Dorsales, h, 322.

Duplicatus, _f´´_, 345.

Duplicato-pectinatus, k, 330.

Echinatus, 281.

Edentulus, c´, 318.

Elabratus, 317.

Ellipsoideus, 273.

Ellipticus, 269.

Elongatus, 269. _c´´_, 343.

Emandibulatus, 317.

Emarginatus, 303. _a_, 336.

Ensatus, 270. _M´_, 360.

Ensiformis, 274. k, 329.

Erecto-patens, _f´´_, 346.

Erectus, 306. _f´´_, 346.

Erosus, 305.

Evanescens, _a_, 336.

Exarticulatus, k, 333.

Excalcaratus, _s´´_, 357.

Excavatus, 277.

Excisus, 303.

Excurvus, k, 326.

Exertus, A, 313. _M´_, 361.

Expalpatus, 317.

Explanatus, _a_, 336.

Exscutellatus, 341.

Extensus, _f´´_, 346.

Extraocularis, k, 325.

Extricatus, _M´_, 361.

Falcatus, 271. _f´´_, 347.

Falciformis, k, 329.

Farinosus, 283.

Fascia, 297. _pyramidata_, 297. _macularis_. _articulata_. _dimidiata_, 298. _abbreviata_. _sesquialtera_. _sesquitertia_.

Fasciculatus, 285. h´´, 320. k, 333.

Fasciculus, 285.

Fastigiatus, _c´´_, 342.

Fastigium, 303.

Fenestratus, _f´´_, 348. _m´´´_, 352.

Fenestrella, _d´´_, 344.

Ferrugineus, 290.

Filatus, 302. k, 333.

Filiformis, k, 328.

Fimbriatus, 286. k, 333.

Findens, h´, 322.

Fissus, 304.

Fixus, _p´´_, 355.

Flabellatus, k, 330.

Flavus, 287.

Flexilis, 267.

Flocculatus, _p´´_, 355.

Fœtidus, 310.

Foliaceus, 267. _s´´_, 356.

Folliculus, 363.

Forcipatus, b´, 361.

Fornicatus, 275. a, 321.

Fossorius, _f´_, 354.

Fossula, 278.

Fossulatus, 278.

Foveola, 278.

Foveolatus, 278.

Fractus, 307. k, 326.

Frontalis, i, 324.

Fulcrans, _q´´_, 355.

Fulgidus, 288.

Fuliginosus, 290.

Fulvus, 289.

Fundus, 303.

Funiculatus, _v´_, 358.

Furcatus, 306. k, 330.

Fuscus, 290.

Fusiformis, 275. h´´, 320. k, 328.

Geminus, 301.

Geniculatus, 276. k, 326.

Gibbosus, 281.

Gibbus, 277.

Glaber, 285.

Glaucus, 289.

Globifer, k, 332.

Grabatus, _f´_, 363.

Granulatus, 282.

Granulum, 282.

Griseus, 287.

Gutta, 293.

Guttatus, 293.

Hastatus, 270.

Heteromorphus, h´´, 321.

Hexaëdrus, 274.

Hexagonus, 274.

Hexapus, 352.

Hieroglyphicus, 294.

Hirsutus, 284.

Hirtus, 284.

Hispidus, 285.

Holosericeus, 284.

Horizontalis, 306, 309. _f´´_, 346.

Hyalinus, 293.

Imago, i. 68.

Imbricatus, k. 329.

Immarginatus, _a_, 336.

Immersus, h, 323.

Imperfectus, 317.

Inæqualis, 278. _f´´_, 345.

Inauratus, 292.

Incanus, 287.

Incisura, 306.

Incisus, 304.

Inclusus, a, 321.

Incrassatus, 268, 302. k, 328. _r´´_, 356.

Incompletus, _k´´´_, 351. i. 65.

Incumbens, _f´´_, 346.

Incurvus, 307. k, 326.

Inermis, _b_, 337. _f´_, 363.

Inferior, h, 323. k, 325. _i´´_, 345.

Inflatus, h´´, 320.

Inflexus 307. A, 314.

Infundibuliformis, 275.

Infuscatus, 300.

Inocularis, k, 325.

Inosculans, 308.

Inscriptus, 294.

Insertus, A, 315.

Insula, 294.

Insulatus, _l´´´_, 349.

Integer, 302. k, 326. _c´´_, 342.

Intercipiens, _q´´_, 355.

Interocularis, k, 325.

Interstitium, 280.

Intervallum, 280.

Intrans, h´, 322.

Intraocularis, i, 324.

Intricatus, 282.

Intrusus, A, 315.

Involutus, 307.

Iricolor, 300.

Iris, 295.

Irregularis, k, 330.

Irroratus, 293.

Isthmiatus, B, 335.

Jubatus, 286.

Lævigatus, 277.

Lævis, 277.

Laciniatus, 304.

Laciniformis, _g´´_, 341.

Lacteus, 287.

Lactifloreus, 287.

Lacunosus, 278.

Lageniformis, 276.

Lamellatus, h´´, 320.

Laminatus, _p´´_, 355.

Lanatus, 283.

Lanceolatus, 270.

Lanuginosus, 284.

Larva, i. 63.

Latens, _t´_, 357.

Lateralis, h, 323.

Latus, 268. k, 328. _f´´_, 347.

Lenticularis, 272.

Liber, d´, 319. _p´´_, 355.

Lignosus, 267.

Liguliformis, e´, 321.

Lilacinus, 288.

Limbatus, 299.

Limbus, 276.

Linea, 298.

Linearis, 271.

Lineatus, 298.

Linguiformis, e´, 321.

Litura, 294.

Lituratus, 294.

Lividus, 289.

Lobatus, 305. k, 334.

Longior, k, 326.

Longissimus, k, 326.

Longitudinalis, 306.

Longus, 269.

Loricatus, _r´´_, 356.

Lubricus, 285.

Luniformis, 276.

Lunula, 295.

Lunulatus, 271. h´´, 320.

Luridus, 289.

Luteus, 287.

Lutosus, 283.

Lychnidiatus, A, 316.

Macula, 293.

Maculatus, 294.

Mammillatus, h´´, 320.

Mandibuliformis, d´, 319.

Maniformis, h´´, 319.

Margaritaceus, 290.

Marginalis, _d´´´_, 343. _k´´´_, 350.

Marginatus, _a_, 336.

Margo, 276. _exterior_, _f´´_, } _interior_, _f´´_, } 348. _posterior_, _f´´_,}

Marmoratus, 297.

Mediocris, k, 326.

Medipectoralis, _r´_, 353.

Medius, h, 323.

Melissæus, 310.

Membranaceus, 266.

Miniatus, 288.

Mollis, 267.

Moniliformis, k, 329.

Monomerus, B, 335. _q´´_, 356.

Moschatus, 310.

Motatorius, _f´_, 354.

Mucro, 309.

Mucronatus, 304. k, 331.

Multiarticulatus, k, 334.

Multifidus, 304.

Multipartitus, 305.

Multisectus, 314.

Muricatus, 281.

Murinus, 289.

Mutilatus, _c´´_, 342.

Myriapus, 353.

Mystacinus, a´, 317.

Natatorius, _f´_, 354. C, 360.

Navicularis, _M´_, 361.

Nebulosus, 296.

Nervulus, 349. _simplex_, } 349. _coronatus_,}

Neurosus, _f´´_, 349.

Niger, 290.

Nitidus, 292.

Niveus, 286.

Nodosus, 276. k, 329.

Nudus, _f´´_, 348.

Nutans, A, 314.

Nympha, i. 67.

Obesus, 268.

Obliquus, 306.

Obliteratus, 282, 301. _u´_, 358.

Oblongus, 269.

Obscurus, 293.

Obsoletus, 301.

Obtectus, _e´´_, 344. i. 65.

Obtusus, 303.

Obumbrans, _k´_, 341.

Obumbratus, C, 360.

Obversus, 307.

Obvolvens, _a_, 337. _c´´_, 343.

Ocellus, 295. _cœcus_, } _spurius_, } 295. _simplex_, } _complexus_, } _nictitans_, } _fenestratus_, } _dioptratus_, } 296. _geminatus_, } _didymus_, } _sesquialterus_, }

Octopus, 352.

Odoratus, 310.

Olivaceus, 290.

Opacus, 293.

Opalinus, 291.

Operculatus, h, 324.

Orbiculatus, 272.

Ordinatus, 301. h, 322.

Orichalceus, 291.

Ovaliformis, 273.

Ovalis, 269.

Ovatus, 270.

Oviformis, 273.

Pagina, 276. _superior_,} 76. _inferior_,}

Palatiformis, e´, 321.

Palmatus, k, 330. _s´´_, 338.

Papillifer, _D_, 360.

Papillula, 282.

Papillulatus, 282.

Parallelogrammicus, 272.

Parallelopipedus, 275.

Partitus, 304.

Patellatus, k, 334. _a´´_, 338.

Patens, _f´´_, 346.

Pateriformis, k, 334.

Patulus, _f´´_, 346.

Pectinatus, k, 330.

Pectunculatus, d´, 319.

Pediformis, h´´, 319.

Pedunculatus, A, 315. h, 324.

Pellitus, 286.

Penicillatus, 286.

Penicillus, 285.

Pentaëdrus, 274.

Pentagonus, 274.

Perfectus, 316.

Perforatus, _c´´_, 343.

Pergameneus, 266.

Persistens, _f´_, 353.

Petiolatus, k´´´, 351. C, 359.

Phoneticus, _g´_, 340.

Piceus, 290.

Pilosus, 283.

Pinguis, 268.

Plaga, 294.

Planus, 277. _f´´_, 345.

Plectrum, _f´´_, 348.

Plicatilis, _f´´_, 345.

Plicatus, 302. _c´´_, 343. C, 359.

Plumatus, k, 332.

Plumbeus, 292.

Plumosus, k, 333.

Plumulosus, 284.

Pollinosus, 283.

Polyëdrus, 274.

Polygonus, 274.

Polypus, 353.

Porcatus, 280.

Porosus, 278.

Porrectus, 307. A, 314. k, 326.

Porus, 278.

Postcostalis, _k´´´_, 351.

Posterior, h, 323.

Posticæ, _i´´_, 345. _d_†, 354.

Postpectoralis, _d_†, 353.

Præmorsus, 303.

Præocularis, k. 325.

Prasinus, 289.

Prehensorius, _d_†, 355.

Primores, _f´´_, 344.

Prismaticalis, k, 329.

Prismoidalis, 274.

Productus, 304. _a_, 337.

Prominens, A, 314.

Prominuli, h, 323.

Pronus, 308, 316.

Protomesus, _k´´´_, 352.

Pruinosus, 292.

Pubescens, 284.

Pulverulentus, 283.

Pulvinatus, _a_, 337.

Punctatus, 278.

Punctum, 278.

Puniceus, 288.

Pupa, i, 64.

Pupilla, 295. _hastata_, } 295. _suffulta_,}

Purpureus, 288.

Pyramidalis, 273.

Pyriformis, 275.

Quadrangulus, 270.

Quadratus, 272.

Quadriarticulatus, k, 334.

Quadrifidus, 304.

Quadripartitus, 304.

Quinquangulus, 270.

Radians, _k´´´_, 351.

Radiatus, 299. _k´´´_, 350.

Radius, _f´´_, 347.

Ramosus, 306. k, 330.

Ramulosus, _k´´´_, 351.

Raptorius, _f´_, 354.

Receptus, k, 327. _k´_, 341.

Reclinatus, 307.

Reconditus, A, 315.

Rectus, 307. k, 326.

Recumbens, 307.

Recurrens, _l´´´_, 350.

Recurvus, 307. k, 327.

Reflexus, 307. k, 327. _M´_, 361.

Rejectus, _k´_, 341.

Reniculus, 295.

Repandus, 305.

Resupinus, 308.

Reticulatus, 280. _k´´´_, 350.

Reticulosus, 279.

Retractilis, A, 315, 317.

Retractus, A, 315, 317. C, 359.

Retusus, 303.

Revelatus, _ê_, 339.

Reversus, 308. _f´´_, 347.

Revolutus, 307. k, 327.

Rhombiformis, 275.

Rhomboideus, 272.

Rigidus, 267. k, 327.

Rimosus, 278.

Rivosus, 280.

Rorulentus, 283.

Rosaceus, 310.

Roseus, 288.

Rostralis, k, 325.

Rostratus, A, 316.

Rotatorius, 310.

Rotundatus, 269, 303.

Ruber, 288.

Rubineus, 291.

Rufus, 288.

Rugosus, 281.

Sagittatus, 270.

Salebrosus, 281.

Saltatorius, _f´_, 354. C, 360.

Sanguineus, 288.

Scaber, 282.

Scopatus, _s´´_, 356.

Scopifer, k, 333.

Scopulatus, _t´´_, 357.

Scutatus, 283. _a´´_, 338.

Scutellatus, 341.

Scutelliformis, _u´_, 358.

Sectus, C, 359.

Secundarius, _i´´_, 345.

Securiformis, h´´, 320.

Segmentum, 306.

Semicompletus, i. 67.

Semicoronatus, 363.

Semireconditus, A, 315.

Septiformis, h´, 322.

Sepultus, c´, 318. _ê_, 339.

Sericeus, 292.

Serpentinus, _l´´´_, 349.

Serratus, 305. k, 329.

Sesquialterus, _k´´´_, 351.

Sessilis, 315. h, 323. C, 359.

Setaceus, k, 327.

Setarius, k, 332.

Setiformis, e´, 321. k, 327.

Setigerus, k, 331.

Setosus, 285.

Setulosus, 285.

Sexangulus, 270.

Sigmoideus, 270.

Signatura, 294.

Signatus, 294.

Simplex, d´, 318. h´, 322. k, 333. _r´´_, 356.

Simulans, _e_, 357.

Sinuato-undulatus, 299.

Sinuatus, 305.

Smaragdinus, 291.

Solidus, 267.

Sparsus, h, 322.

Spatulatus, 271.

Sphæricus, 272.

Sphærulatus, 282.

Spina, 309.

Spiniger, _c´´_, 342.

Spinosus, d´, 319.

Spiralis, k, 327.

Splendens, 292.

Spongiosus, 267.

Spurius, 306. i, 324.

Squamatus, _f´´_, 347.

Squamosus, 283.

Squarrosus, 304.

Stomapus, 317.

Stramineus, 287.

Striatus, 279.

Striga, 298.

Strigilatus, _a´´_. 339.

Strigosus, 298.

Stupeus, 283.

Stupulosus, 284.

Subereus, 266.

Subocularis, i, 324. k, 325.

Subulatus, h´´, 320. k, 331. _c´´_, 343.

Suctorius, c´, 318.

Sulcatus, 279.

Sulphureus, 287.

Supercilium, 296.

Superimpositus, C, 359.

Superior, h, 323. k, 325. _f´´_, 344.

Suspensus, 308.

Sutura, 306. _spuria_, 306.

Tabularis, _k´_, 341.

Tabulatus, _v´_, 358.

Tectus, _g´_, 340.

Telescopiformis, _M´_, 361.

Tensus, C, 359.

Tenuis, 268. k, 328.

Teres, 275.

Terminalis, 316.

Tessellatus, 297.

Testaceus, 288.

Testudinarius, 297.

Tetraëdrus, 274.

Tetragonus, 274.

Tetrapterus, 352.

Tetrapus, 352.

Thoraciformis, _i´_, 340.

Tomentosus, 284.

Topazinus, 291.

Torulosus, k, 334.

Trachelatus, _b_, 337.

Tramosericeus, 292.

Transcurrens, _v´_, 358.

Transversus, 306.

Trapezatus, 272.

Trapeziformis, 275.

Trapezoideus, 272.

Trapezoidiformis, 275.

Triangulus, 270.

Triarticulatus, k, 333.

Tricaudatus, _f´´_, 347.

Triëdrus, 274.

Trifidus, 304.

Trigonus, 274.

Trimerus, B, 335.

Tripartitus, 304.

Triqueter, 273.

Tritomesus, _k´´´_, 352.

Truncatus, 303. _c´´_, 342.

Tuberculatus, 281.

Tuberculum, 281.

Tubulosus, 267. e´, 321.

Tumidus, _f´´_, 345.

Turbinatus, 270.

Turbiniformis, 278.

Turritus, A, 314.

Umbilicatus, 278.

Umbra, 294.

Umbraculatus, A, 316.

Uncinatus, k, 331. l´´´, 350. _D_, 360.

Undosus, 279.

Undulatus, 298, 302.

Unguiculatus, c´, 318. d´, 319. h´´, 320. k, 331.

Unguiformis, c´, 362.

Unicolor, 300.

Ustulatus, 297.

Varicosus, l´´´, 349.

Variola, 278.

Variolosus, 278.

Velutinus, 284.

Venosus, 299.

Ventricosus, 268.

Vermiculatus, 279.

Verriculum, 286.

Verriculatus, 286.

Verruca, 281.

Verrucosus, 281.

Versatilis, 310. A, 315.

Versicolor, 300.

Verticalis, 306, 309. i, 324.

Verticillatus, k, 333.

Vibratilis, 310.

Villosus, 283.

Violaceus, 288.

Viridis, 289.

Vitta, 298.

Vittatus, 298.

FOOTNOTE:

[1696] Where the volume referred to is not indicated, the _fourth_ is to be understood. The reader will also be pleased to observe that the references to Partial Orismology are accompanied by the characteristic mark of each part, as given in the table, Vol. III.

INDEX

TO THE

GENERA AND SPECIES OF INSECTS

NOTICED IN THIS WORK.

Class I. INSECTA. iii. 28.

Subclass I. MANDIBULATA. iv. 375.

Order i. COLEOPTERA. iv. 377.

ABAX Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. ---- Striola iv. 237.

ACANTHOCINUS Mg. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. Mm. Lamia F. ---- ædilis iii. 513. ---- araneiformis iv. 285. ---- speculifer iii. 521, 599. ---- Tribulus i. 303. iii. 599.

ACANTHURUS Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Trichius F. Ltr. ---- hemipterus iii. 706.

ACILIUS Lch. Dytiscus L. F. Ltr. Mm. ---- cinereus. ---- sulcatus ii. 248. iii. 304, 694.

ACINOPUS Zgl. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Harpalus Bn. ---- megacephalus iii. 543.

ACROCINUS Il. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. _Prionus_ F. Macropus Thn. ---- accentifer iv. 42. ---- longimanus iv. 294.

ADELIUM Kby. Ltr. _Calosoma_ F. iii. 442. iv. 509.

ÆGIALIA Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Aphodius_ Il. F. _Psammodius_ Gyl. ---- globosa iv. 518.

ÆSALUS F. Ltr. _Lucanus_ Pnz. iii, 503, 677.

AGABUS Ahr. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Mm. Colymbetes Ltr. ---- serricornis iii. 323, 674.

AGATHIDIUM Il. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. Mm. _Anisotoma_ F. _Sphæridium_ Ol. _Volvoxis_ Kgn. ii. 230. iii. 41, 685.

AGRA F. Ltr. DeJ. _Attelabus_ L. _Colliuris_ DeG. Ol. _Carabus_ Ol. iii. 525. iv. 508.

AKIS Hst. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. _Pimelia_ Ol. iii. 599.

ALEOCHARA Kn. Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. i. 255. ii. 434. iv. 320, 520. ---- canaliculata iv. 337. ---- complicans ii. 230. ---- socialis iv. 273. ---- picea iv. 337.

ALURNUS F. Ltr. _Hispa_ L. F. iii. 166. iv. 508. ---- grossus iii. 34.

AMARA Bn. Ltr. Carabus L. F. Mm. ---- communis iv. 279. ---- vulgaris ii. 11.

AMARYGMUS Dn. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. Cnodulon F. Helops F. iii. 512. ---- æneus. (_Chalcites_) ii. 318.

AMBLYTERUS M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. F. iii. 425.

AMPHICOMA Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. ---- lineata iii. 685.

AMPHIMALLA Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. Melolontha F. ---- solstitialis i. 207, 287. ii. 5, 373. iv. 523.

ANCHOMENUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. Harpalus. ---- prasinus ii. 243, 436.

ANISONYX Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. iii. 689.

ANISOPLIA Mg. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Melolontha_ F. i. 196.

ANISOTOMA F. Kby. _Dermestes_ L. Mm. _Silpha_ Mm. _Agathidium_ Il. Ltr. iii. 41.

ANOBIUM F. Ltr. _Ptinus_ L. Mm. _Byrrhus_ Gff. i. 228, 384, 452. ---- paniceum i. 232, 386. ---- pertinax i. 237, 240, 274. ii. 232. ---- striatum i. 237, 240. ii. 382. ---- tessellatum i. 36. ii. 382.

ANOMALA Mg. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Melolontha_ F. _Euchlora_ Ltr. ---- Frischii iv. 518.

ANOPLOGNATHUS Lch. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. _Repsimus_ Lch. iii. 356, 363, 441. ---- dytiscoides iii. 336. ---- viridiæneus iii. 480.

ANTHEROPHAGUS Mg. Ltr. Tenebrio L. F. Mm. _Cryptophagus_ Hst. ---- pallens i. 241.

ANTHIA Web. F. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. iii. 325, 451, 686. ---- sexguttata iii. 33.

ANTHONOMUS Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Pallene_ Mg. ---- Pomorum i. 199. ii. 439.

ANTHOPHAGUS Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. _Carabus_ Mm. ---- caraboides iii. 505.

ANTHRENUS Gff. F. Ltr. _Byrrhus_ L. Mm. i. 135. iii. 234, 523. ---- Musæorum i. 240, 386. ii. 223. iii. 177.

ANTHRIBUS Gff. F. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Anthrodus_ Mg. _Amblycerus_ Thn. _Macrocephalus_ Ol. _Platyrhinus_ Blb. iii. 512. ---- albinus iii. 318. iv. 517. ---- brevirostris iv. 517. ---- cinereus iii. 318. ---- latirostris iv. 517.

APATE F. _Dermestes_ L. _Ligniperda_ Hst. _Bostrichus_ Ol. _Ips_ Mm. i. 235.

APHODIUS Il. F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Platycephalus_ Bng. i. 255. ii. 440. iii. 677. ---- analis iii. 680. ---- ciliaris iv. 523. ---- conflagratus iv. 294. ---- contaminatus ii. 439. ---- erraticus iv. 568. ---- _gagates_ iv. 406. ---- luridus iv. 289, 406. ---- _nigrosulcatus_ iv. 289, 406. ---- plagiatus iv. 294, 515. ---- testudinarius iv. 297, 521. ---- _varius_ iv. 406.

APION Hst. Kby. Grm. Ltr. Sch. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Attelabus_ F. _Rhinomacer_ Gff. Cl. _Apius_ Blb. _Oxystoma_ Du. iii. 523, 600, 665. ---- Astragali iv. 519. ---- ebeninum iv. 516. ---- flavifemoratum i. 178, 273. ---- flavipes i. 178. ---- frumentarium iv. 288. ---- Limonii iv. 519. ---- Malvarum iv. 324. ---- Ulicis iv. 499. ---- vernale iv. 324.

APOCOPTONA Kby. _Cerambyx_ L. Lamia F. _Stenocorus_ Pck. ---- Amputator iii. 318. ---- Putator iii. 318.

APODERUS Ol. Sch. Ltr. Attelabus L. F. Mm. _Rhinomacer_ Gff. _Curculio_ DeG. ---- Coryli iii. 411. ---- gemmatus iv. 281.

APOGONIA Kby. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. iv. 508. ---- gemellata iv. 318.

APTINUS Bn. DeJ. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. _Brachinus_ F. _Aptini_. Kby. iv. 402.

ARCHON Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Ltr. _Geotrupes_ F. Dynastes ML. iii. 445.

AREODA M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. iii. 690.

ASIDA Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. Gff. _Opatrum_ F. _Platynotus_ F. _Machla_ Hst. iii. 478. iv. 506.

ATEUCHUS Web. F. Ltr. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. _Copris_ Gff. _Actinophorus_ Stm. i. 255. ---- gibbosus iii. 330, 666. ---- pilularius i. 255. ii. 19, 519. ---- smaragdulus iii. 680.

ATRACTOCERUS PdeB. Ltr. _Necydalis_ L. _Lymexylon_ F. ii. 344. iii. 499, 560. iv. 571. ---- Gigas iii. 449. ---- necydaloides iii. 449.

ATTAGENUS Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. F. Mm. _Megatoma_ Hst. ---- Pellio i. 234. iii. 324.

BAGOUS Grm. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. F. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ Gyl. ---- atrirostris iv. 513.

BALANINUS Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. ---- Glandium i. 214. iii. 84. ---- Nucum i. 203, 357. ii. 271. iii. 84.

BEMBIDIUM Ltr. _Cicindela_ L. Mm. _Elaphrus_ F. iv. 320, 513.

BEROSUS Lch. _Dytiscus_ L. Hydrophilus F. Mm. _Hydrobius_ Ltr. ---- luridus iv. 289.

BLAPS F. Mm. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. iii. 345, 658. ---- lethifera. PLATE xxviii. Fig. 7. ---- Mortisaga i. 398. ii. 239. iii. 343.

BLEDIUS Lch. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. Oxytelus Grv. Ltr. ---- armatus iii. 326. iv. 518. ---- Stephensii iii. 326.

BLETHISA Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. ---- multipunctata iv. 515.

BOLBOCERUS Kby. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. F. Mm. _Odonteus_ Mg. iii. 432. ---- mobilicornis iii. 328. ---- quadridens iii. 328.

BOSTRICHUS F. _Dermestes_ L. _Ips._ Mm. _Tomicus_ Ltr. i. 235, 452. ---- typographus i. 212.

BRACHINUS Web. F. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 540. iv. 149. ---- bimaculatus iv. 280. ---- crepitans ii. 243. iv. 134. ---- Displosor ii. 243. ---- melanocephalus iii. 706.

BRACHYCERUS Ol. F. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. iii. 688. iv. 268. ---- apterus iii. 33. ---- barbarus iv. 281. ---- toxicophagus iii. 34.

BRENTUS F. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. iii. 33, 523. ---- dispar iii. 308. ---- maxillosus iii. 308.

BRONCHUS Grm. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. F. _Hyporhinus_ Blb. ---- quadridens iv. 281. ---- Tribulus iv. 281.

BROSCUS Pnz. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Cephalotes_ Bn. Ltr. ---- cephalotes iv. 280.

BRUCHUS L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Mylabris_ Gff. _Laria_ Scp. ---- Bactris iii. 667. ---- granarius i. 176. ---- pectinicornis i. 177. ---- Pisi i. 32, 176. ---- scutellaris i. 177.

BRYAXIS Lch. Dny. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. _Pselaphus_ Hst. iv. 319.

BUPRESTIS L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Cucujus_ Gff. i. 155, 236. ii. 318. ---- acuminata. PLATE xxvii. Fig. 3. ---- attenuata iii. 543. ---- bicolor iii. 33. ---- Chrysis iii. 687. ---- fascicularis ii. 322. ---- Gigas iii. 33, 598. ---- ocellata ii. 416. ---- rustica iv. 325. ---- splendida i. 236. iii. 202. ---- variabilis iii. 543. ---- vittata i. 317. iii. 597, 634.

BYRRHUS L. F. Ltr. _Cistela_ Gff. Mm. _Dermestes_ DeG. ii. 231. iii. 523, 658, 695.

BYTURUS Ltr. Dermestes L. F. Mm. _Ips._ Ol. ---- flavescens i. 298. ---- tomentosus i. 196.

CACIDULA Mg. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ F. Silpha Mm. _Coccinella_ Il. _Strongylus_ Hst. ---- pectoralis i. 228.

CALANDRA Cl. F. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Rhyncophorus_ Hst. iii. 512, 517. iv. 215. ---- granaria i. 172, 357. iii. 84. ---- Oryzæ i. 173. ---- testacea i. 173.

CALATHUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 690.

CALLICHROMA Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. F. iii. 602. ---- alpina iii. 521.

CALLIDIUM F. Ltr. Cerambyx L. Mm. _Leptura_ Gff. ---- Bajulus i. 235. ---- pygmæum i. 234. ---- violaceum ii. 287. iii. 120, 123.

CALOPUS F. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. i. 235.

CALOSOMA Web. F. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 442. ---- calidum iv. 500. ---- chinense iv. 500. ---- curvipes iv. 500. ---- Inquisitor ii. 243. ---- laterale iv. 500. ---- Maderæ iv. 567. ---- retusum iv. 501, 567. ---- Sycophanta i. 272, 278. ii. 321. PLATE. i. Fig. 1.

CANTHARIS Gff. Ltr. _Meloe_ L. Lytta. F. Mm. i. 38. iii. 525. iv. 233. ---- cinerea i. 186, 315. ---- marginata iii. 686. ---- vesicatoria i. 241, 315. ii. 224 iii. 394.

CARABUS L. F. Ltr. Mm. DeJ. _Buprestis_ Gff. i. 156. ii. 226, 244. iii. 159, 335, 575, 702. iv. 571. ---- arvensis iv. 514, 567. ---- auratus i. 272. ---- catenulatus iv. 282. ---- clathratus iv. 291. ---- cribellatus iv. 505. ---- glabratus iv. 511. ---- intricatus ii. 436. ---- lævigatus iv. 505. ---- nitens iv. 291, 514. ---- scabrosus (_Procerus_) iii. 33. ---- violaceus ii. 244. iii. 602.

CARPALIMUS Kby. Lch. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. _Oxytelus_ Grv. Ltr.? ii. 303.

CASSIDA L. &c. ii. 258. iii. 117, 152, 165, 683. ---- bicornis iii. 597. iv. 342. ---- bidens iii. 599. iv. 342. ---- maculata ii. 258. ---- perforata iii. 597. iv. 343. ---- spinifex iii. 597. ---- Taurus iii. 597. iv. 342. ---- viridis iii. 74.

CATASCOPUS Kby. M. L. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. F. iv. 508.

CATHERETES Il. _Dermestes_ L. F. _Sphæridium_ F. _Nitidula_ Ol. F. _Cercus_ Ltr. _Brachypterus_ Kgn. _Strongylus_ Hst. _Scaphidium_ Hst. _Silpha_ Thn. Mm. ---- gravidus i. 299. ---- Urticæ i. 299.

CEBRIO Ol. F. Ltr. _Cistela_ Rss. ---- Gigas iii. 518.

CENTRINUS Sch. _Curculio_ L. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Baris_ Grm. Ltr. Cryptorhynchus. ---- Spiculator iii. 328.

CERAMBYX L. F. Mm. Callichroma. Ltr. i. 235. ii. 387. iii. 120, 602, 683. ---- Ammiralis iv. 286. ---- moschatus ii. 246. iii. 570. iv. 147. ---- phyllopus iii. 667, 672. ---- sericeus iv. 147.

CERAPTERUS Swd. Ltr. _Paussus_ L. iii. 513, 517.

CERCYON Lch. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. Mm. _Sphæridium_ F. iv. 518. ---- hæmorrhoidale iv. 512.

CEROCOMA Gff. F. Ltr. _Meloe_ L. iii. 316. ---- Schæfferi iii. 515.

CERYLON Ltr. _Rhizophagus_ Hst. _Tenebrio_ L. _Lyctus_ F. _Ips_ Ol. iii. 613.

CETONIA F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. iii. 345, 417, 562. ---- aurata i. 212, 259, 316. iii. 227, 343, 601. ---- variegata iv. 283.

CEUTORHYNCHUS Shü. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. Rhynchænus F. _Falciger_ Mg. _Campylirhynchus_ Mg. ---- assimilis i. 188. ---- contractus i. 187, 450. ---- horridus iv. 518. ---- leucogaster iv. 69. ---- Natator iv. 513. ---- Sisymbrii iv. 283. ---- sulcicollis i. 188, 450.

CHÆTOPHORUS Kby. _Cistela_ Mm. ---- cretifer ii. 255. iv. 516.

CHASMODIA M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Cetonia_ F. iii. 566, 690. ---- viridis. PLATE xxvii. FIG. 33.

CHILOCORUS Lch. _Coccinella_ L. F. Mm. Ltr. ---- Cacti iv. 288.

CHIROSCELIS Lm. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. F. ---- bifenestrata ii. 416.

CHLÆNIUS Bn. DeJ. Ltr. Carabus L. F. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 539. ---- holosericeus iv. 515, 565. ---- nigricornis iv. 515, 565. ---- saponarius i. 316. ---- vestitus iv. 568.

CHLAMYS Kn. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Clythra_ Lai. F. _Bruchus_ F. iv. 504. ---- Bacca ii. 220. ---- monstrosa iv. 292.

CHLORIMA Grm. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. F. _Cyphus_ Sch. _Oxyderces_ Sch. _Platyomus_ Slb. Brachyrinus. ---- cretacea ii. 216. ---- nivea ii. 216.

CHLOROCALA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Cetonia F. Ltr. ---- africana iii. 648.

CHOLEVA Ltr. Sp. _Dermestes_ L.? DeG. _Mordella_ L. Mm. _Catops_ Pk. _Ptomaphagus_ Il. _Helops_ Pnz. _Cistela_ Ol. _Luperus_ Frö. iv. 302. ---- angustata iv. 567.

CHORAGUS Kby. Ltr. ---- Sheppardi ii. 311.

CHRYSOMELA L. &c. ii. 283. iii. 34, 165, 683. ---- cerealis iv. 298. ---- fastuosa iv. 298. ---- goëttingensis ii. 317. ---- hæmoptera iv. 208. ---- Polygoni iii. 25. iv. 268. ---- Populi ii. 242. iii. 141. ---- stolida iii. 518. ---- violacea iv. 115.

CICINDELA L. F. Ltr. DeJ. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. i. 156. ii. 222, 318, 345. iii. 117, 426, 660. iv. 403. ---- campestris iii. 113, 121, 123, 152, 301. ---- hybrida iv. 518. ---- sexguttata iii. 687. ---- sylvatica ii. 374. iv. 514.

CIONUS Cl. Ltr. Sch. Curculio L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. ---- Blattariæ iv. 565. ---- Scrophulariæ ii. 271. iv. 565. ---- Thapsi i. 453.

CIS Ltr. _Ptinus_ L. Mm. _Anobium_ F. _Dermestes_ Hst. _Bostrichus_ Kgn. iv. 520.

CISSITES Ltr. _Horia_ F. iv. 503.

CISTELA F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Tenebrio_ Gff. _Crioceris_ Mm. iii. 483. ---- ceramboides iii. 565.

CLAMBUS Fch. Ltr. Dermestes DeG. ---- Armadillus iii. 522, 684.

CLAVIGER Prs. Il. Ltr. iii. 517.

CLERUS Gff. F. Ltr. Mm. _Attelabus_ L. iii. 161, 682. ---- apiarius i. 440. ---- formicarius i. 274.

CLIVINA Ltr. DeJ. _Tenebrio_ L. _Scarites_ F. _Carabus_ Mm. ii. 361. iv. 338.

CLYTHRA F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Cryptocephalus_ Mm. _Melolontha_ Gff. ---- dentata iv. 292. ---- longimana i. 461. iii. 331.

CLYTUS F. _Leptura_ L. Mm. _Callidium_ Ltr. i. 235. ii. 387.

COCCINELLA L. &c. i. 265. iii. 79, 165, 684, 691. iv. 223, 501. ---- bipunctata ii. 248. iii. 188. ---- hieroglyphica i. 266. ---- renipustulata iii. 234. ---- septempunctata i. 314. ii. 9. ---- vigintiduopunctata ii. 227.

CŒLOSIS Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. _Geotrupes_ F. Oryctes Ltr.? _Dynastes_ M^cL. iv. 282.

COLLIURIS Ltr. DeJ. _Collyris_ F. _Cicindela_ DeG. iii. 525, 688.

COLYMBETES Cl. Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 686. iv. 512. ---- acuductus iv. 279. ---- adspersus iv. 279. ---- Hybneri iv. 279. ---- transversalis iii. 304, 694.

COPRIS F. Ltr. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. i. 255. iii. 417, 479, 566, 655, 658. ---- Antenor iii. 328. ---- bucephala iii. 670. iv. 409. ---- capucina iv. 409. ---- Carolina iii. 680. iv. 409. ---- Eridanus iv. 409. ---- Gigas iv. 503. ---- Hesperus iv. 409. ---- Jacchus iii. 567. ---- lunaris i. 256. ii. 237, 254. iii. 327. ---- Midas iii. 310. iv. 409. ---- Molossus iii. 567, 585. iv. 409. ---- nemestrinus iii. 327. ---- Œdipus iv. 409. ---- orientalis iii. 567. ---- reflexa iv. 409. ---- Sabæus iv. 409. ---- sexdentata iv. 409. ---- Tmolus iv. 503.

CORDYLIA Kby. _Curculio_ L. _Cordyle_ Thn. Calandra F. Ltr. _Rhyncophorus_ Hst. Sch. ii. 33. ---- Palmarum i. 301, 308. iii. 526, 671. iv. 182.

CORTICARIA Mm. _Tenebrio_ L. _Latridius_ Hst. Ltr. _Dermestes_ Pnz. ---- pulla i. 228.

CORYNETES Pk. F. _Dermestes_ L. _Clerus_ Gff. Mm. _Necrobia_ Ltr. ---- cæruleus i. 258. ---- ruficollis i. 258.

COSSYPHUS Ol. F. Ltr. iii. 596. iv. 314.

CRATOSOMUS Sch. _Curculio_ L. Cryptorhynchus Grm. iii. 311.

CREMASTOCHILUS Kn. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Trichius_ F. iii. 422.

CREOPHILUS Kby. Lch. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Grv. Mm. Ltr. _Emus_ Lch. iii. 437. ---- hirtus (_Emus_) iv. 317. ---- maxillosus i. 228. iii. 355.

CRYPTOCEPHALUS Gff. F. Ltr. Mm. _Chrysomela_ L. iii. 523. ---- duodecimpunctatus i. 461. ---- sericeus iv. 292.

CRYPTOPHAGUS Hst. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. F. _Ips_ Ol. _Corticaria_ Mm. i. 228. ---- fumatus iii. 334.

CRYPTORHYNCHUS Il. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Gorgus_ Sch. ii. 232. iii. 715. ---- corruscans i. 7. ---- Lapathi i. 196, 211. iv. 114. ---- Taurus (_Gorgus_) iii. 310.

CTENOSTOMA Klg. Ltr. DeJ. _Collyris_ F. _Caris_ Fch. iv. 509.

CUPES Ltr. F. iii. 510. iv. 508.

CURCULIO L. F. Mm. _Cleonus_ Sch. _Epimeces_ Blb. ---- _Corruptor_ i. 204. ---- _lignarius_ i. 235. ---- nebulosus ii. 216. iv. 514. ---- sulcirostris iv. 287.

CYBISTER Crt. Dytiscus L. F. Ltr. ---- Rœselii iv. 279.

CYCHRUS F. Ltr. DeJ. _Tenebrio_ L. _Carabus_ DeG. Mm.? ii. 387. iii. 442.

CYMATODES Kby. _Curculio_ L. F. _Cyphus_ Grm.? ---- undosus iv. 279.

CYMINDIS Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Tarus_ Cl. _Anomæus_ Fch. _Lebia_ Dft. iii. 690.

CYPHON Pk. F. _Chrysomela_ L. _Elodes_ Ltr. _Crioceris_ Mm. _Cistela_ Pnz. i. 87. iv. 315.

CYPHUS Grm. Sch.? Ltr. Curculio L. F. _Chlorima_ DeJ. ---- Hancocki iii. 435.

DASCILLUS Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Atopa_ Pk. F. _Ptinus_ DeG. _Crioceris_ Mm. _Cistela_ Ol. iii. 688.

DASYTES Pk. F. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Cicindela_ Gff. _Melyris_ Ol. _Tillus_ Mm. iv. 515. ---- ater iii. 689.

DERMESTES L. &c. i. 135, 257. iii. 535. ---- lardarius i. 228. ---- murinus iv. 499.

DIAPERIS Gff. F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. Mm. _Tenebrio_ DeG. ---- Boleti iii. 517. ---- hæmorrhoidalis iii. 310. ---- horrida iii. 309. ---- viridipennis iii. 311.

DIPHUCEPHALA DeJ. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. Agrostiphila M^cL. iv. 508. ---- aurulenta iii. 685. ---- sericea iii. 685.

DITOMA Hst. Ltr. _Lyctus_ F. _Ips_ Ol. _Corticaria_ Mm. iii. 517.

DITOMUS Bn. DeJ. _Aristus_ Zgl. Ltr. _Scaurus_ F. _Scarites_ Ol. ---- calydonius iii. 311.

DONACIA F. Hp. _Leptura_ L. Mm. _Stenocorus_ Gff. ii. 345. iii. 227. ---- ænea iv. 292. ---- fasciata iii. 226, 482. ---- Sagittariæ iv. 278. ---- vittata iv. 278.

DORCADION Sch. _Cerambyx_ L. _Lamia_ F. i. 235.

DORCATOMA Hst. F. Ltr. _Anobium_ Il. _Dermestes_ Pnz. _Serrocerus_ Kgn. iii. 517. ---- dresdensis iii. 323.

DORCUS M^cL. Ltr. Lucanus L. F. Mm. _Platycerus_ Gff. ---- parallelipipedus ii. 224. iii. 123.

DORYPHORA Il. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. F. _Erotylus_ F. iii. 393, 565, 594.

DORYTOMUS Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. M. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Eirhinus_ Sch. ---- longimanus iii. 331.

DRILUS Ol. Ltr. _Ptilinus_ Gff. F. iv. 520. ---- flavescens iv. 491.

DROMIUS Bn. DeJ. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iv. 303. ---- agilis iv. 565. ---- quadrimaculatus iv. 565. ---- truncatellus iv. 565.

DRYPTA Ltr. F. Cl. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. Mm. _Cicindela_ Ol. iii. 688. iv. 509.

DYNASTES M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. Ltr. _Geotrupes_ F. iii. 425, 494, 663. ---- Ægeon iii. 309, 326. ---- Alcides iii. 309, 326. ---- bilobus iii. 326. ---- Centaurus iv. 285. ---- Chorinæus iii. 326. ---- claviger iii. 326. ---- dichotomus iii. 310. ---- Endymion (_Strategus_) iii. 308. ---- Enema iii. 308, 310, 326. ---- Gedeon iii. 310, 326. ---- Geryon iii. 328. ---- hastatus iii. 326. ---- Hercules i. 11. iii. 33, 309, 326, 399. ---- Juvencus iii. 680. ---- Milon iii. 309, 328. ---- Neptunus iii. 327. ---- Oromedon ii. 237. iii. 310. ---- Pan iii. 308, 326. ---- Quadrispinosus. PLATE xxviii. Fig. 8. ---- retusus iii. 680. ---- Tityus iii. 309, 326.

DYTISCUS L. F. _Dyticus_ Gff. Ltr. ii. 283, 359. iii. 117, 130, 167, 455, 575. ---- circumflexus iv. 39. ---- latissimus iii. 33. ---- limbatus iii. 694. ---- marginalis ii. 252, 344. iii. 338, 343, 557, 564, 578, 585--, 693. iv. 8, 263, 498. ---- obovatus iii. 693.

ELAPHRUS F. Ltr. DeJ. _Cicindela_ L. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 453. iv. 513.

ELATER L. &c. i. 396. ii. 225, 313, 422. iii. 579. iv. 571. ---- flabellicornis iii. 320, 520. ---- fuscipes iii. 690. ---- ignitus ii. 410, 418. ---- lineatus iv. 298. ---- noctilucus i. 185. ii. 408, 418. ---- obscurus i. 180. ---- Segetis i. 180. iii. 141, 202. ---- sulcatus iii. 560, 690. ---- undulatus iii. 167.

ELEPHASTOMUS M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. F. Shr. iv. 508. ---- proboscideus iii. 309.

ELLENOPHORUS Mg. (_Helenophorus_?) Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. _Akis_ F. Pimelia Hst. ---- collaris ii. 247.

ELOPHORUS (_Helophorus_?) F. _Silpha_ L. _Hydrophilus_ DeG. Mm. _Dermestes_ Gff. ii. 291, 360. iii. 539. ---- aquaticus ii. 254. ---- stagnalis iv. 279.

ENDOMYCHUS Pk. F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Tenebrio_ Mm. iii. 166.

ENOPLIUM Ltr. _Tillus_ Ol. F. _Dermestes_ Rss. iii. 682. ---- damicorne iii. 323.

ENTIMUS Grm. Sch. _Curculio_ L. F. Ltr. ---- imperialis iii. 601, 660.

EROTYLUS F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. iii. 443, 608. ---- fasciatus iii. 565. ---- Gigas iii. 34.

EUCHIRUS Kby. Scarabæus L. F. Ltr. ---- longimanus (_Scarabæus_) iii. 331, 673.

EUCHLORA M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. _Anomala_ DeJ. iii. 356, 702. iv. 508. ---- viridis. PLATE xxvi. Fig. 20.

EUMOLPUS Kgn. F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Cryptocephalus_ Gff. i. 7. iii. 602. ---- Vitis i. 204.

EURHIN Il. _Curculio_ L. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Eurhinus_ Sch. _Macrorhinus_ Ltr. ---- cupratus i. 8.

EURHYNCHUS Kby. Eurhinus Kby. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. _Attelabus_ F. iii. 324, 662. ---- lævior. PLATE xxvi. Fig. 18.

EURYCHORA Lg. Thn. F. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. _Pimelia_ Ol. iii. 488, 599. iv. 508.

EURYNOTUS Kby. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. ---- muricatus iii. 692.

EUSCELES M^cL. _in lit._ _Scarabæus_ L. F. Ltr. i. 11. Cetonia. ---- macropus iii. 659.

EVÆSTHETUS Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. _Syntomium_ Cts. iii. 505. iv. 516.

GALERITA F. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. Ol. iv. 508.

GALERUCA Gff. F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. Mm. iii. 690. ---- Tanaceti iii. 223. iv. 268. ---- Vitellinæ iv. 111, 115.

GENIATES Kby. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. _Gematis_ DeJ. iii. 517. ---- barbatus iii. 422.

GENUCHUS Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. _Cetonia_ F. Ltr. iv. 510. ---- cruentus iii. 422, 515.

GEORYSSUS Ltr. _Pimelia_ Pk. F. ---- areniferus ii. 255. ---- pygmæus ii. 255.

GEOTRUPES Ltr. Scarabæus L. F. Mm. _Typhæus_ Lch. i. 287. ii. 353. iii. 397, 702. iv. 234. ---- autumnalis iii. 674. ---- dispar (_Typhæus_) iii. 309. ---- foveatus iv. 206. ---- stercorarius i. 33, 256, 350. ii. 231, 345, 373. iii. 398. iv. 183. ---- Typhæus (_T. vulgaris_ Lch.) iii. 327. ---- vernalis i. 288. ii. 469, &c.

GIBBIUM Scp. Ltr. _Ptinus_ L. F. _Bruchus_ Gff. _Scotias_ Czn. iii. 512, 658.

GLAPHYRUS Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. iv. 508.

GNATHOCERA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Cetonia F. Ltr. ---- bicornis iii. 487. ---- vitticollis iii. 382.

GNATHIUM Kby. Ltr. iii. 316.

GNOMA F. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. ---- Giraffa iii. 540.

GOERIUS Lch. Staphylinus L. F. Grv. Mm. ---- cyaneus iii. 438. PLATE i. Fig. 2. ---- olens ii. 234, 252. iii. 33, 90. iv. 43.

GOLIATHUS Lam. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Cetonia_ F. iii. 38, 487. ---- Cacicus iii. 659. ---- giganteus iii. 33. iv. 506. ---- micans iv. 506. ---- Polyphemus iii. 311. iv. 506. ---- pulverulentus iii. 310.

GRAPHIPTERUS Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. _Anthia_ F. iv. 508.

GYMNOPLEURUS Il. Ltr. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. _Ateuchus_ F. iii. 596, 702. iv. 495.

GYRINUS L. &c. ii. 4, 359, 367. ---- americanus iii. 443, 577. ---- minutus ii. 239. ---- Natator ii. 239. iii. 497. iv. 57. ---- villosus ii. 239. ---- Viola aquatica iv. 514.

GYROHYPNUS Kby. Lch. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Grv. _Xantholinus_ Dhl. Ltr. ---- sanguinolentus ii. 436.

HÆMONIA Mg. Ltr. _Leptura_ L. _Donacia_ F. Hp. _Macroplea_ Hff. ---- Zosteræ iv. 535.

HALIPLUS Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Mm. _Cnemidotus_ Il. _Hoplitus_ Cl. iii. 662. iv. 512. ---- elevatus iii. 449. iv. 514.

HALTICA Il. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. Mm. _Galeruca_ F. _Crioceris_ F. _Altica_ Gff. i. 178, 190. ---- Brassicæ iii. 323. ---- concinna i. 183. ---- Nemorum i. 187. ii. 439. ---- nodicornis iii. 323. ---- oleracea i. 388. ii. 308. ---- quadripustulata iii. 323.

HARPALUS Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. ii. 216. iii. 677. ---- ruficornis iv. 284.

HELEUS Ltr. iii. 497, 596. ---- Brownii iii. 538. ---- perforatus iii. 538.

HELLUO Bn. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. _Galerita_ F. iv. 508.

HELOBIA Lch. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Nebria_ Ltr. DeJ. iii. 520.

HELODES Pk. F. _Chrysomela_ L. Mm. _Prasocuris_ Ltr. iv. 513.

HELOPS F. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. Mm. _Blaps_ Mm. ii. 318. ---- chalybeus iv. 292. ---- nitens iii. 565. ---- quisquilius iv. 515.

HETEROCERUS Bc. F. Ltr. Mm. _Dermestes_ Thn. ii. 291. iii. 323.

HEXAGONIA Kby. _Carabus_ L. F. iii. 538.

HEXODON Ol. F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. iii. 445.

HISPA L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Crioceris_ Gff i. 11. iii. 487. ---- atra iii. 599. ---- spinipes iii. 333.

HISTER L. F. Pk. Mm. Ltr. _Attelabus_ Gff. i. 255. ii. 224. iii. 658. ---- cadaverinus iii. 153. ---- lævus iii. 432. ---- maximus iii. 425.

HOLOLEPTA Pk. Ltr. _Hister_ L. F. Mm. ---- maxillosa iii. 666.

HOPLIA Il. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Melolontha_ F. ii. 345, 368. iii. 689. ---- argentea ii. 5. ---- pulverulenta i. 179. ii. 5, 231.

HORIA F. Ltr. _Cucujus_ Swd. iv. 508. ---- maculata iv. 503.

HYDATICUS Lch. Dytiscus L. F. Ltr. Mm. Colymbetes. ---- Hybneri (_Colymbetes_) iii. 304.

HYDRÆNA Kgn. _Elophorus_ F. _Hydrachna_ Il. _Hydrophilus_ Mm. ii. 360. iv. 512. ---- longipalpis iv. 535. ---- marina iv. 514.

HYDROBIUS Lch. Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. Hydrophilus Gff. F. Mm. ---- fuscipes iv. 206.

HYDROCHARIS Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. Hydrophilus Gff. F. Mm. ---- lividus iii. 72.

HYDROPHILUS Gff. F. M. Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. _Hydrous_. L. Lch. ii. 291. iii. 38, 335. iv. 128. ---- caraboides iii. 247. ---- dytiscoides iv. 567. ---- piceus iii. 33, 73, 542. iv. 148.

HYDROPORUS Cl. Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 682. iv. 512. ---- lineatus iii. 304. ---- picipes iii. 304.

HYLESINUS F. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Ips_ Mm. _Scolytus_ Ol. _Bostrichus_ Pk. i. 235.

HYLECŒTUS Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. _Meloe_ L. _Lymexylon_ F. _Horia_ F. _Dircæa_ Pnz. _Lytta_ Hst. iii. 316, 677. ---- dermestoides iii. 146, 300. (_Cantharis._)

HYLURGUS Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Hylesinus_ F. _Ips_ DeG. Mm. Bostrichus Pk. i. 235. ---- piniperda i. 212.

HYPERA Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Phytonomus_ Sch. _Donus_ Mg. ---- Arator ii. 294. iii. 223. ---- Rumicis ii. 277. iii. 142, 214.

HYPHYDRUS Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. Mm. _Hydrachna_ F. iv. 512. ---- gibbus iii. 304. ---- ovalis iii. 304.

IMATIDIUM (_Himatidium_) F. Ltr. _Cassida_ L. iii. 152, 241. ---- Leayanum ii. 258. iv. 325.

IPS F. _Silpha_ L. _Dermestes_ L. _Nitidula_ Ol. Mm. _Lyctus_ Kgn. iv. 520.

LAGRIA F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Cantharis_ Gff. _Auchenia_ Mm. _Tenebrio_ DeG. iv. 284.

LAMIA F. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. Mm. i. 235. ii. 387. ---- capensis iii. 602. ---- curculionoides iii. 521. ---- fasciata iii. 602. ---- Gigas iii. 84. ---- marmorata iii. 666. ---- papillosa iii. 660. ---- Reticulator iii. 521.

LAMPRIMA Ltr. _Lucanus_ L. Shr. _Lethrus_ F. i. 7. iii. 417.

LAMPYRIS L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Homalisus_ St. ii. 225, 422. iii. 166. iv. 113. ---- hemiptera ii. 406. ---- ignita iii. 686. ---- Latreillii iii. 320, 520. ---- noctiluca ii. 294, 405, 423. iii. 329. ---- splendidula ii. 406.

LANGURIA Ltr. _Trogosita_ F. iii. 443.

LATRIDIUS Hst. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. _Dermestes_ L. F. _Ips_ Ol. Corticaria Mm. _Scaphidium_ Gyl. ---- _fascicularis_ (Trichopteryx) iii. 40. ---- lardarius i. 228. iii. 245. ---- porcatus i. 228.

LEBIA Ltr. DeJ. Bn. _Lamprias_ Bn. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 688, 690. ---- quadrimaculata ii. 438. ---- quadrinotata ii. 438.

LEIONOTUS Kby. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Ltr. ---- circumcinctus iii. 304.

LEISTUS Frö. Cl. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. Pogonophorus Ltr. _Manticora_ Jur. Cl. _Buprestis_ Gff. iii. 440.

LEMA F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Crioceris_ Gff. _Auchenia_ Mm. ---- Asparagi i. 31, 192. ---- melanopa ii. 386. ---- merdigera (_Crioceris_) ii. 257. iv. 139.

LEPIDIOTA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. Ltr. iv. 234. ---- Stigma iii. 445, 453.

LEPTURA L. F. Mm. Ltr. _Stenocorus_ Gff. i. 383. ---- quadrifasciata iii. 445. ---- rubra iii. 300. ---- testacea iii. 300.

LETHRUS Scp. F. Ltr. _Bulbocerus_ Acs. _Lucanus_ Lx. iv. 512. ---- cephalotes i. 204.

LICINUS Ltr. Cl. _Carabus_ L. F. iv. 515.

LIMNIUS Mü. _Elmis_ Ltr. _Chrysomela_ Mm. _Dytiscus_ Pnz. ii. 291. ---- æneus i. 462. ii. 256. ---- tuberculatus iv. 274.

LIPARUS Ol. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. _Molytes_ Sch. iii. 691. ---- anglicanus iv. 290.

LIXUS F. Sch. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Phoxus_ Blb. ---- paraplecticus i. 149. ii. 277. iii. 142, 270.

LOMECHUSA Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. iv. 303. ---- emarginata iv. 516. ---- strumosa. ii. 436.

LUCANUS L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Platycerus_ Gff. iii. 121, 299, 420. ---- Alces iii. 314. ---- Cervus i. 11. iii. 33, 202, 425. ---- Capreolus iii. 314. ---- Elephas iii. 314, 431. ---- femoratus iii. 313, 502. ---- _Pilmus_ (Phaleria?) i. 177. ---- serricornis iii. 314.

LYCTUS F. _Dermestes_ L. _Sylvanus_ Ltr. _Ips_ Ol. _Corticaria_ Mm. _Cucujus_ Kgn. _Bitoma_ Hst. ---- dentatus i. 173.

LYCUS F. Ltr. _Lampyris_ L. Mm. iii. 688. ---- Aurora iii. 516. ---- fasciatus iii. 516, 599. ---- minutus iii. 516. ---- palliatus iii. 601. ---- reticulatus iii. 516, 688.

LYMEXYLON F. Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. _Elateroides_ Shf. _Pterophorus_ Hst. iii. 316. ---- flavipes iv. 320. ---- navale i. 237.

MACRASPIS M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Cetonia_ F. iii. 566, 597. ---- tetradactyla iii. 441.

MACROCEPHALUS Ol. _Curculio_ L. _Anthribus_ F. Sch. _Amblyterus_ Thn. _Platyrhinus_ Cl. iii. 318, 512.

MACRODACTYLUS Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Melolontha F. ---- subspinosus iii. 667, 690.

MACRONATA Il. _Scarabæus_ L. _Cetonia_ F. _Gymnetis_ M^cL. Ltr. ---- chinensis iii. 553.

MALACHIUS F. Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. Mm. _Telephorus_ Shf. _Cicindela_ Gff. ii. 235. iii. 537. ---- bipustulatus iii. 322.

MALTHINUS Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. F. Mm. _Necydalis_ Gff. _Telephorus_ Ol. PLATE i. Fig. 4.

MANTICORA F. Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ DeG. _Cicindela_ Thn. Cl. iii. 540, 602. iv. 506. ---- Gigas. iii. 33.

MARMARINA Kby. _Scar abus_ L. Cetonia F. _Gymnetis_ M^cL. Ltr. ---- bajula iii. 553. ---- Lanius iii. 553, 566. ---- marmorata iii. 566. iv. 297.

MEGASOMA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Ltr. _Geotrupes_ F. Dynastes M^cL. ---- Actæon iii. 33, 308. ---- Elephas iii. 308, 327. ---- lanigerum iii. 327. ---- Typhon iii. 309.

MELASIS Ol. F. Ltr. _Elater_ L. _Ptilinus_ Kgn. iv. 215.

MELOE L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Proscarabæus_ Shk. iii. 160, 166, 441, 594. iv. 504. PLATE i. Fig. 5. ---- _Marci_ (Hylœcetus) iii. 301. ---- Proscarabæus i. 156. ii. 247. iii. 162. iv. 232. ---- variegatus. PLATE xxvii. Fig. 52. ---- violaceus i. 156.

MELOLONTHA F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. i. 287. iii. 435, 550. iv. 571. ---- Fullo iii. 323, 421. ---- Horticola (_Phyllopertha_) i. 196. ---- lanigera iv. 284. ---- _ruficornis_ (Amphimalla?) i. 168. ---- vulgaris i. 178, 207. ii. 5, 373. iii. 202, 344, 578, 589.

MICROPEPLUS Ltr. _Staphylinus_ Pk. F. _Omalium_ Gyl. _Nitidula_ Hst. Mm. iii. 504. ---- porcatus iv. 279.

MIMELA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. _Euchlora_ M^cL. Ltr. iii. 542. iv. 508.

MOLORCHUS F. _Necydalis_ L. Ltr. Mm. ii. 344. iii. 338, 603. PLATE i. Fig. 5.

MOLURIS Ltr. _Tenebrio_ DeG. L. Pimelia F. iii. 538, 599. ---- striata ii. 390.

MONOCHAMUS Mg. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. Lamia F. ---- subocellatus iii. 709. ---- Sutor (_Lamia_) iii. 318. iv. 326.

MORDELLA L. &c. i. 298. iii. 161, 677.

MORMOLYCE Hgn. _Carabus_ L. F. ---- phyllodes iv. 418.

MYCETOPHAGUS F. Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. _Tritoma_ Gff. _Boletaria_ Mm. _Dermestes_ Thn. _Silphoides_ Hst. _Cryptophagus_ Hst. i. 259. iv. 520.

MYLABRIS F. Blb. _Meloe_ L. i. 156, 315. iii. 602. iv. 503. ---- Cichorei i. 316.

NEBRIA Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. ---- complanata iii. 512.

NECROBIA Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Clerus_ Gff. Mm. _Corynetes_ Pk. F. iii. 682. iv. 571.

NECRODES Wlk. Lch. Ltr. _Silpha_ L. F. Mm. iii. 538.

NECROPHILA Kby. Silpha L. F. Ltr. iv. 509. ---- americana (_Silpha_) iii. 335.

NECROPHORUS F. Ltr. _Silpha_. L. Mm. _Dermestes_ Gff. i. 257. iii. 482, 658, 665. ---- mortuorum i. 386. ---- Vespillo i. 258, 352. ii. 373, 387, 515. iv. 262.

NECYDALIS L. F. Ltr. _Cantharis_ Gff. ii. 311. iii. 634. ---- barbipes iii. 674.

NEMOGNATHA Il. Ltr. _Zonitis_ F. iii. 315, 441.

NILIO Ltr. _Ægithus_ F. _Coccinella_ F. iii. 538. iv. 508.

NITIDULA F. Ltr. Mm. _Silpha_ L. _Dermestes_ Gff. _Peltis_ Mü. _Ostoma_ Lai. _Strongylus_ Hst. _Cychramus_ Kgn. _Volvoxis_ Kgn. i. 212. ii. 434. iii. 517. ---- grisea i. 211.

NOTERUS Cl. Ltr. _Dytiscus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 323. iv. 512.

NOTHIOPHILUS Du. Ltr. DeJ. _Cicindela_ L. Mm. _Elaphrus_ F. _Buprestis_ Gff. iv. 513. ---- aquaticus iv. 282.

NOTOCLEA Mm. _Chrysomela_ L. F. _Paropsis_ Ol. Ltr. iv. 343, 508.

NOTOXUS Gff. Ltr. _Meloe_ L. _Lytta_ Mm. _Anthicus_ Pk. F. iii. 447.

OCHODÆUS Mg. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. Pnz. Psephus M^cL. ---- chrysomelinus iii. 677.

OCYPUS Kby. Staphylinus. F. Grv. Ltr. Mm. iii. 437. ---- brunnipes ii. 241. iii. 438. ---- punctulatus iii. 438. ---- similis iii. 355, 438.

ODACANTHA Pk. F. Ltr. DeJ. _Attelabus_ L. _Carabus_ Ol. Mm. _Cicindela_ Pnz. iii. 540.

ŒDEMERA Ol. Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. Mm. _Necydalis_ L. Mm. ii. 311. iii. 600, 688. ---- cærulea iii. 332. ---- ceramboides iii. 332. ---- notata iii. 319. ---- Podagrariæ iii. 332.

ŒNAS Ltr. _Meloe_ L. _Lytta_ F. _Cantharis_ Ol. iii. 517, 675, 680.

OMALIUM Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. i. 255. iii. 504. ---- planum iii. 505. ---- Primulæ ii. 239. ---- rivulare ii. 239. ---- striatulum iii. 505.

OMOPHRON Ltr. DeJ. _Scolytus_ F. Cl. _Carabus_ Ol. ---- limbatum iv. 513.

ONITICELLUS Zgl. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Ateuchus_ F. Onitis F. ---- Apelles (_Onitis_) iii. 336.

ONITIS F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. iii. 333, 539, 653. ---- Aygulus iii. 666, 668. ---- cupreus iii. 666. ---- Sphinx iii. 232, 667, 672.

ONTHOPHAGUS Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Copris_ Gff. F. i. 255. iii. 337. iv. 502. ---- Aries iii. 310. ---- Bonasus iii. 311. ---- Camelus iii. 310. ---- cervicornis iii. 310. ---- nuchicornis iii. 311, 486. ---- nutans iii. 486. ---- Oryx iii. 311. ---- quadricornis iii. 311. ---- spinifer iii. 309. ---- Taurus i. 11. iii. 310. ---- Vacca iii. 310. ---- Xiphias iii. 309, 311, 486.

ONTHOPHILUS Lch. Ltr. Hister L. F. Mm. ---- striatus iv. 280. ---- sulcatus ii. 220.

OPATRUM F. Ltr. _Silpha_ L. _Tenebrio_ Gff. ---- sabulosum iv. 303, 515.

OPILO Ltr. _Attelabus_ L. _Clerus_ Gff. Mm. _Notoxus_ F. iii. 682.

ORCHESTES Il. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ Cl. F. Ltr. _Salius_ Grm. ii. 310. ---- Fragariæ i. 195.

OROBITIS Grm. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. _Attelabus_ F. _Rhynchænus_ Ol. ---- globosus iv. 516.

ORYCTES Il. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Geotrupes_ F. i. 11. iii. 689. iv. 153. ---- Grypus iv. 503. ---- nasicornis i. 303. iii. 88, 195, 202, 273. ---- Sylvanus iv. 282. (_Cœlosis_.)

OTIORHYNCHUS Sch. Curculio L. F. Mm. _Brachyrinus_ Ltr. Pachygaster Grm. _Micocerus_ Blb. _Brachyrhynchus_ Mg. ---- Ligustici iv. 282. ---- picipes i. 200, 205. ---- raucus i. 388. ---- sulcatus iv. 282.

OXYOMA Kby. _Cerambyx_ L. Lamia F. Ltr. ---- Batus iii. 597. ---- horrida iii. 597.

OXYPORUS F. Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. Mm. iii. 427. iv. 271, 420.

OXYTELUS Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. F. Mm. i. 255. ii. 303. ---- morsitans iv. 147. ---- rugosus iv. 147.

PACHYGASTER Grm. _Curculio_ L. F. Mm. Brachyrinus Ltr. _Otiorhynchus_ Sch. ---- niger iv. 290. ---- scabrosus iv. 278.

PACHYSOMA Kby. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. Ateuchus F. Ltr. iii. 658.

PÆDERUS F. Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. iv. 320.

PÆLOBIUS Sch. _Dytiscus_ L. Mm. _Hydrachna_ F. Cl. _Hygrobia_ Ltr. iv. 512. ---- Hermanni (_Hygrobia_) ii. 386. iv. 292.

PAMBORUS Ltr. DeJ. _Carabus_ L. F. _Buprestis_ Vo. iii. 673.

PARNUS F. Mm. _Dermestes_ Gff. _Dryops_ Ol. Ltr. _Elater_ Rss. ii. 291, 360. iii. 398, 524.

PASIMACHUS Bn. Ltr. DeJ. _Tenebrio_ L. _Scarites_ F. iii. 540, 674.

PASSALUS F. Ltr. _Lucanus_ L. iii. 445, 502, 551. ---- cornutus iii. 309.

PATROBUS Mg. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. iii. 520.

PAUSSUS L. Ltr. _Pausus_ Afz. i. 237. iii. 513, 517.

PAXILLUS M^cL. Ltr. _Lucanus_ L. _Passalus_ F. iii. 445.

PEDINUS Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. Mm. _Blaps_ F. _Helops_ Ol. ---- arenosus iv. 303.

PELECIUM Kby. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. PLATE xxvi. Fig. 32.

PELIDNOTA M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. ---- punctata iii. 690.

PELORUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. _Blaps_ F. _Zabrus_ Stm. iii. 676.

PELTIS Kgn. F. _Silpha_ L. _Thymalus_ Ltr. _Cassida_ Ol. F. _Ostoma_ Lai. ---- limbata iv. 142, 283.

PHALACRUS Pk. F. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. Mm. _Sphæridium_ F. _Anisotoma_ Il. iii. 685. ---- corruseus iv. 515.

PHALERIA Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. _Trogosita_ F. i. 177. iii. 311. ---- cornuta i. 174. iii. 309.

PHALIDURA M^cL. Curculio L. F. Kby. _Amycterus_ Dn. Sch. iii. 341. ---- mirabilis iii. 390.

PHANÆUS M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Copris_ F. _Lonchophorus_ Grm. iii. 336, 653, 688. iv. 404. ---- bellicosus iii. 327, 540. ---- Belzebul iii. 310. ---- carnifex iii. 325, 540. iv. 409. ---- Faunus iii. 328. ---- festivus iii. 566. ---- floriger iii. 326. iv. 409. ---- igneus iv. 409. ---- Kirbii iv. 409. ---- Mimas iv. 292. ---- splendidulus iii. 327. iv. 409. ---- Vindex iv. 409.

PHENGODES Hff. Ltr. _Lampyris_ Ol. F. iii. 321, 439, 514.

PHILEURUS Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Geotrupes_ F. iii. 689.

PHILONTHUS Lch. Staphylinus L. F. Grv. Ltr. Mm. ---- æneus iv. 292. ---- fuscipes iv. 147. ---- laminatus iii. 339. ---- micans iv. 147. ---- politus iv. 292. ---- splendens iii. 339. ---- suaveolens iv. 147.

PHLOIOTRIBUS Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Hylesinus_ F. _Scolytus_ Ol. i. 235.

PHOBERUS M^cL. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Trox_ F. iii. 445, 596. ---- horridus iv. 285.

PHOLIDOTUS M^cL. Ltr. _Lucanus_ L. F. iii. 314. ---- lepidosus iii. 431.

PHYLLOPERTHA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. Melolontha F. _Anisoplia_ Mg. Ltr. i. 196. ---- Horticola i. 207. iii. 690. iv. 40.

PIMELIA F. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. ii. 387. iii. 596. iv. 514. ---- muricata iv. 281.

PISSODES Grm. Sch. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ Cl. F. _Pissocles_ DeJ. Liparus. ---- Pini (_Liparus_) iii. 231.

PLATYNUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Harpalus_ Gyl. iii. 520.

PLATYPUS Hst. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Bostrichus_ Hlw. F. _Ips_ DeG. _Scolytus_ Ol. i. 235. iii. 517. iv. 571.

PLECTROPUS Kby. _Curculio_ L. F. _Leptocerus_ Sch. Ltr. _Naupactus_ Mg.? _Thylacites_ Grm.? iii. 659.

PŒCILUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. _Platysma_ Stm. Harpalus. ---- azureus iv. 237. ---- cupreus iv. 567.

POLYDROSUS Sch. _Polydrusus_ Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. F. Mm. _Dascillus_ Mg. Brachyrinus Blb. ---- Cnides iv. 289. ---- oblongus i. 199.

PRIOCERA Kby. Ltr. _Attelabus_ L. _Tillus_ F. iii. 386, 510, 692. ---- variegata ii. 323.

PRIONUS F. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. Mm. i. 235. iii. 432. ---- cervicornis i. 303. iii. 34, 314. ---- cinnamomeus iii. 597. ---- coriareus i. 212, 302. ii. 387. iii. 34. ---- damicornis i. 302. iii. 332. ---- depsarius iv. 496. ---- giganteus i. 236. ---- imbricornis iii. 513, 518. ---- lineatus iii. 543. ---- maxillosus iv. 281. ---- octangularis iii. 431. ---- scabricornis iv. 290.

PROCRUSTES Bn. Ltr. DeJ. Carabus L. F. ---- coriaceus iv. 579.

PSAMMODIUS Gyl. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Ips_ Mm. _Aphodius_ F. _Psammobius_ Ltr. i. 255.

PSELAPHUS Hst. Ltr. Lch. Dny. _Staphylinus_ L. Mm. _Anthicus_ F. ii. 303.

PTEROSTICHUS Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 667.

PTILINUS Gff. F. Ltr. _Ptinus_ L. Mm. _Anobium_ Il. _Serrocerus_ Kg. i. 237.

PTINUS L. &c. i. 384. iii. 443, 512. ---- Fur i. 234, 240, 386. ---- germanus iv. 526. ---- imperialis i. 10. iv. 526. ---- Lichenum iii. 307. ---- ovatus iii. 307. ---- _rubellus_ (Anobium) i. 232. ---- similis iii. 307. ---- testaceus iii. 307.

PTOMAPHILA Kby. Silpha L. F. Ltr. Shr. ---- lacrymosa iv. 281.

PTYCHODERES Sch. _Cerambyx_ L. Lamia F. Ltr. iii. 318.

PYGOLAMPIS Kby. Lampyris L. F. Ltr. iii. 534. ---- italica ii. 406, 420.

PYROCHROA Gff. F. Ltr. Mm. _Cantharis_ L. _Lampyris_ L. iv. 343. ---- coccinea iv. 288.

RAMPHUS (_Rhamphus_) Cl. Ltr. Sch. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Rhynchænus_ F. ii. 310. iii. 499.

RHAGIUM F. Ltr. Lch. _Leptura_ L. Mm. _Hargium_ Lch. i. 235. ---- fasciatum iii. 142. ---- Inquisitor (_Hargium_) ii. 435. ---- meridianum iii. 300. ---- mordax ii. 435.

RHINA Ltr. Sch. _Curculio_ L. _Lixus_ F. ---- barbirostris iii. 431, 499.

RHINOBATUS DeJ. Curculio L. _Lixus_ F. Ltr. _Rhinocyllus_ Grm. Sch. ---- antiodontalgicus i. 314.

RHINOSIMUS Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Anthribus_ F. _Salpingus_ Il. ---- ruficollis i. 235.

RHIPICERA Ltr. _Polytomus_ Dn. iii. 510, 520, 692. ---- marginata iii. 319, 518.

RHIPIPHORUS Bc. F. Ltr. _Mordella_ L. Mm. iii. 364, 443, 686.

RHYNCHÆNUS F. _Curculio_ L. _Pœcilma_ Grm. _Zygops_ Sch. _Eccoptus_ DeJ. Ltr. iii. 690. ---- Strix iii. 328.

RHYNCHITES Hst. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. Mm. _Attelabus_ F. _Mechoris_ Blb. _Rhinomacer_ Gff. Cl. i. 7, 202. ---- Alliariæ i. 196. iii. 77. ---- Bacchus i. 198, 204. iii. 76. iv. 517. ---- Betulæ iii. 332. ---- Populi i. 212. iii. 329. ---- spinifex iii. 599.

RUTELA Ltr. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. _Melolontha_ F. _Cetonia_ F. iii. 681. iv. 508.

RYSSONOTUS M^cL. Lucanus L. F. Kby. Ltr. iii. 502, 666. ---- nebulosus iii. 314, 431.

SAGRA F. Ltr. _Alurnus_ Ol. _Tenebrio_ Slz. ii. 310. iii. 364. ---- purpurea iii. 482.

SAPERDA F. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. Mm. i. 235. iii. 518. ---- fasciculata iii. 521. ---- hirsuticornis iii. 521. ---- hirtipes iii. 331, 659, 674. ---- præusta iii. 497. ---- plumigera iii. 521. ---- scopulicornis iii. 521.

SARROTRIUM F. Ltr. _Hispa_ L. Mm. ---- muticum iii. 521.

SCARABÆUS M^cL. L. _Ateuchus_ Web. F. Ltr. i. 255. iii. 337, 420, 497, 658. ---- _bimucronatus_ } Euchirus iii 331, 673. ---- _longimanus_ } ---- sacer i. 351. iv. 408. ---- variolosus iv. 278.

SCARITES F. Ltr. DeJ. _Tenebrio_ L. _Attelabus_ DeJ. ii. 361. iv. 505.

SCAURUS F. _Tenebrio_ L. iii. 488, 668.

SCHIZORHINA Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Cetonia F. Kby. Ltr. iv. 508. ---- atropunctata iii. 478. ---- Australasiæ iv. 294. ---- Brownii iii. 478.

SCIRTES Il. _Scyrtes_ Ltr. _Chrysomela_ L. Mm. Cyphon Pk. F. _Altica_ Mü. i. 87.

SCOLYTUS Gff. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Hylesinus_ F. _Ips_ Mm. _Ekkoptogaster_ Hst. i. 125. iii. 443, 708. ---- Destructor i. 212. iii. 711. ---- pygmæus iii. 711.

SCOTINUS Kby. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. iv. 508.

SERICA M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Melolontha_ F. _Omaloplia_ Mg. Ltr. ---- brunnea iv. 292. ---- Ruricola iv. 292.

SERROPALPUS Hel. Ol. Ltr. _Dircæa_ F. _Mordella_ Sha. _Cantharis_ Gml. iv. 206.

SIAGONIUM Kby. _Staphylinus_ L. F. _Oxytelus_ Grv. _Prognathus_ Ltr. ---- quadricorne iii. 314.

SILPHA L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Peltis_ Gff. _Oiceoptoma_ Lch. i. 257. ii. 239, 244. iii. 658. ---- lapponica i. 229. ---- opaca iv. 293. ---- recta iv. 280. ---- thoracica (_Oiceoptoma_) ii. 230.

SINODENDRUM F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. _Lucanus_ Mm. _Ptinus_ Mm. ---- cylindricum iv. 277. ---- pusillum i. 232.

SISYPHUS Ltr. M^cL. _Scarabæus_ L. _Ateuchus_ Web. F. _Copris_ Gff. i. 255.

SITARIS Ltr. _Necydalis_ L. F. Mm. _Cantharis_ Gff. ---- humeralis iv. 269, 343.

SITONA Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. F. Mm. Brachyrinus Blb. ---- diffinis iv. 287. ---- lineata i. 191. ---- tibialis i. 191.

SPHÆRIDIUM F. Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. Mm. i. 255, 259. iii. 673. ---- _dytiscoides_ iv. 567. ---- _glabratum_ iv. 567.

SPHENISCUS Kby. Ltr. iii. 565.

SPHODRUS Cl. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. ---- leucophthalmus iii. 331. iv. 301.

SPONDYLIS F. Ltr. _Attelabus_ L. _Cerambyx_ DeG. iv. 335.

STAPHYLINUS L. &c. ii. 283, 302, 318. iii. 437. ---- hybridus iii. 598. ---- murinus iii. 598.

STENOCORUS Gff. F. _Cerambyx_ L. Ltr. Mm. i. 235. iii. 514, 599. ---- _Putator_ (Apocoptona) iii. 318.

STENUS Ltr. F. Grv. _Staphylinus_ L. Mm. _Pæderas_ Ol. iii. 452. iv. 317.

STOMIS Cl. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. iii. 453.

STRATEGUS Kby. _Scarabæus_ L. Ltr. _Geotrupes_ F. Dynastes M^cL. ---- Alöeus iii. 298, 327. ---- Antæus iii. 298, 327. ---- Atlas iii. 327. ---- Endymion iii. 327. ---- Syphax iv. 349. ---- Titanus iii. 308, 327.

SYLVANUS Ltr. Dermestes L. F. _Ips_ Ol. _Corticaria_ Mm. _Colydium_ Pk. ---- frumentarius i. 230.

SYNCHITA Hlw. Lyctus F. _Monotoma_ Hst. _Corticaria_ Mm. ---- Juglandis ii. 228.

TACHINUS Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. Mm. _Oxyporus_ F. i. 255.

TACHYPORUS Grv. Ltr. _Staphylinus_ L. Mm. _Oxyporus_ F. i. 255.

TANYSPHORUS Grm. Sch. Ltr. _Curculio_ L. _Rhynchænus_ F. iv. 69. ---- Lemnæ iv. 513.

TELEPHORUS Shf. Ltr. _Cantharis_ L. F. Mm. _Cicindela_ Gff. i. 271. iii. 166, 658. ---- fuscus i. 271. ii. 415. ---- lividus ii. 308.

TENEBRIO L. F. Ltr. Mm. _Upis_ Hst. ---- Gigas iii. 33. ---- Molitor i. 134, 227. iii. 141, 329.

TETRAONYX Ltr. _Apalus_ F. iv. 508.

TETRAOPES Sch. Ltr. _Cerambyx_ L. _Lamia_ F. Tetrops Kby. iii. 499. ---- Tornator (_Lamia_) iii. 497.

THANASIMUS Ltr. _Attelabus_ L. _Clerus_ Gff. F. Mm. _Cleroides_ Shf. iv. 267. ---- formicarius iii. 682.

THYLACITES Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. F. Mm. iv. 268. ---- maritimus (_Curculio_). PLATE xv. Fig. 4. ---- scabriculus ii. 216. ---- setosus iv. 285.

TILLUS Ol. Ltr. Mm. _Chrysomela_ L. _Clerus_ F. iii. 447.

TIMARCHA Mg. _Chrysomela_ L. F. Ltr. Mm. iii. 386, 691. ---- tenebricosa ii. 244, 317. iv. 223.

TOMICUS Ltr. _Dermestes_ L. _Bostrichus_ F. _Ips_ DeG. Mm. _Scolytus_ Ol. i. 235.

TRACHYDERES Sch. Cerambyx L. F. _Prionus_ Ltr.? ---- dimidiatus iii. 543. ---- succinctus iii. 543. ---- thoracicus iii. 667.

TRECHUS Cl. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. iv. 321.

TRICHIUS F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Cetonia_ Ol. ---- Delta i. 10. iii. 685. ---- Eremita iv. 147. ---- fasciatus iv. 284.

TRICHOPTERYX Kby. _Dermestes_ DeG. _Silpha_ Mm. _Scaphidium_ Gyl. Latridius Hst. _Ptilium_ Shü. iii. 41. ---- atomarius iii. 40.

TROGOSITA F. Ltr. _Tenebrio_ L. Mm. _Platycerus_ Gff. iii. 443. ---- caraboides i. 172, 228. ---- mauritanica iii. 142. iv. 267.

TROX F. Ltr. _Scarabæus_ L. Mm. _Silpha_ L. i. 8. iii. 521. ---- arenosus iv. 285. ---- lutosus iv. 282. ---- sabulosus ii. 237, 386. ---- suberosus iii. 674.

TYLOSTAGMUS Kby. _Cerambyx_ L. Ltr. Stenocorus Gff. F. ---- bimaculatus iv. 266. ---- quadrimaculatus iv. 301.

XYLOBORUS Kby. _Cerambyx_ L. Prionus F. Ltr. Kby. iii. 543.

ZABRUS Cl. Bn. Ltr. _Carabus_ L. F. Mm. iii. 676. ---- gibbus i. 168.

Order ii. STREPSIPTERA. iv. 378.

STYLOPS Kby. Ltr. ii. 323. iv. 216, 517.

XENOS Rss. Kby. ii. 323. iii. 495, 501. iv. 216. ---- Peckii iii. 590.

Order iii. DERMAPTERA. iv. 379.

FORFICULA L. &c. ii. 346. iii. 34. ---- auricularia iii. 340.

LABIA Lch. Forficula L. F. Mm. Ltr.? ---- minor iii. 341. iv. 527.

LABIDURA Lch. Forficula L. F. Ltr.? ---- gigantea ii. 234. iii. 34.

Order iv. ORTHOPTERA. iv. 379.

ACRIDA Kby. _Gryllus_ (Tettigonia) L. Locusta Gff. F. Ltr. _Conocephalus_ Thn. Lch. ii. 310, 325, 395. iii. 396, 585. ---- varia iv. 271, 580. ---- verrucivora ii. 427. iv. 263. ---- viridissima i. 305. iii. 35. iv. 158, 237, 244.

ACRYDIUM Gff. F. _Gryllus_ (Bulla) L. _Tetrix_ Ltr. ii. 310, 326, 360. iv. 423.

BLATTA L. F. Ltr. _Dictyoptera_ Order Lch. i. 263. iii. 69, 168, 518, 558. iv. 223. ---- Americana ii. 324. ---- capensis ii. 324. ---- germanica i. 242. ii. 326. ---- gigantea i. 242. ii. 324, 380. iii. 34, 72. ---- lapponica i. 229. ---- Maderæ ii. 324. ---- Mouffeti ii. 325. ---- orientalis i. 242. ii. 239, 324. ---- Petiveriana ii. 324. iii. 604, 610. ---- picta iii. 608. ---- viridis iii. 604.

CONOCEPHALUS (Conocephala) Thn. Lch. _Gryllus_ (Tettigonia) L. _Locusta_ Gff. F. Ltr. iii. 396, 678. ---- erosus iii. 607.

EMPUSA Il. Ltr. _Mantis_ L. F. iii. 484. ---- gongyloides iii. 536, 667. ---- macroptera iii. 667. ---- pauperata iii. 668.

GRYLLOTALPA Ltr. _Gryllus_ (Acheta) L. Acheta F. ii. 254. iii. 39, 543, 584, 678. ---- vulgaris i. 193. ii. 347, 362, 394, 416. iii. 35.

GRYLLUS Gff. Ltr. _Gryllus_ (Acheta) L. Acheta F. i. 23. ii. 326. iii. 684. iv. 428, 571. ---- campestris i. 279. ii. 347, 362, 393. iii. 673. ---- domesticus i. 242. ii. 347, 362, 392. iii. 673. ---- monstrosus iii. 48, 635, 678. ---- umbraculatus iii. 312. iv. 316.

LOCUSTA Lch. Gryllus (_Locusta_) L. F. _Acrydium_ Gff. Ltr. i. 9, 215. ii. 325, 394. iii. 301, 669, 703. ---- carinata iii. 648. ---- cristata iii. 648. ---- Dux iii. 35, 397, 540. ---- italica ii. 14. ---- migratoria i. 219. ii. 16, 396. ---- morbillosa iii. 707. iv. 580. ---- _perspicillata_ iv. 566. (Acrida?) ---- tatarica i. 220.

MANTIS L. &c. i. 9, 275, 278. iii. 70. iv. 571. ---- fausta i. 279. ---- precaria iii. 607. ---- religiosa i. 278. iii. 343. ---- sinuata iii. 609. ---- strumaria iii. 536, 607.

MANTISPA Il. Ltr. _Raphidia_ L. Scp. _Mantis_ F. ii. 347. ---- pagana ii. 305.

MYRMECOPHILUS Sv.? Ltr. _Blatta_ Pnz. _Sphærium_ Chr. ---- Acervorum iii. 41.

PHASMA Ltn. F. Ltr. _Mantis_ L. _Spectrum_ Stl. i. 9. ii. 217. iii. 505, 678, 703. ---- dilatatum iii. 41, 90. ---- flabelliforme iii. 667. ---- Gigas iii. 34, 607. ---- Titan iii. 34.

PHYLLIUM Il. Ltr. Mantis L. F. _Phasma_ Ltn. _Spectrum_ Stl. ---- siccifolium ii. 218. iii. 667.

PNEUMORA Thn. Ltr. _Gryllus_ L. F. _Gryllus_ (Locustæ) Stl. ii. 391. iv. 506.

PROSCOPIA Ltr.? _Gryllus_ L. _Truxalis_ F. _Phasma_ Stl. iv. 316.

PTEROPHYLLA Kby. _Gryllus_ (Tettigonia) L. Locusta F. Stl. _Conocephalus_ Thn. ii. 218. iii. 619. ---- camellifolia ii. 218. ---- citrifolia ii. 218. ---- laurifolia ii. 218. iii. 373, 619. ---- myrtifolia ii. 218. ---- ocellata iii. 648. ---- salvifolia ii. 218. ---- trapeziformis iii. 607.

SCAPHURA Kby. Ltr. _Gryllus_ L. ---- Vigorsii iv. 159.

TRIDACTYLUS Ol. Ltr. _Gryllus_ L. _Acheta_ Cqt. _Xya_ Il. Chr. ii. 310. iii. 678. ---- paradoxus iii. 48.

TRUXALIS (Troxallis) F. Ltr. _Gryllus_ (Acrida) L. _Gryllus_ (Locustæ) Stl. _Acrydium_ DeG. ii. 310, 324.

Order v. NEUROPTERA. iv. 380.

ÆSHNA F. Ltr. _Libellula_ L. _Æschna_ Il. Chr. ii. 291, 351. iii. 703. iv. 224. ---- grandis iii. 128. ---- viatica ii. 351. iii. 454, 563.

AGRION F. Ltr. _Libellula_ L. ii. 10, 351. iii. 170. ---- lineare iii. 36. ---- Puella iii. 293. iv. 91.

ANAX Lch. _Libellula_ L. _Æshna_ F. Ltr. ---- Imperator i. 277. ii. 351. iii. 36.

ASCALAPHUS F. Ltr. _Myrmeleon_ L. _Libelloides_ Shf. _Papilio_ Scp. iii. 497, 649. iv. 416. ---- italicus iii. 620.

ATROPOS Lch. _Termes_ L. Psocus Ltr. F. _Pediculus_ Gff. ---- pulsatoria ii. 379. iv. 427.

BOREUS Ltr. _Panorpa_ L. F. Gryllus Pnz. iv. 480.

CALEPTERYX Lch. _Libellula_ L. Agrion F. Ltr. ---- Virgo (_Agrion_) iii. 128, 303.

CHAULIODES Ltr. _Hemerobius_ L. _Semblis_ F. iv. 480.

CHRYSOPA Lch. Hemerobius L. F. Ltr. iii. 96. ---- Perla ii. 240. iii. 94, 297.

CORDULIA Lch. Libellula L. F. Ltr. ---- ænea iii. 128. iv. 580.

CORYDALIS Ltr. _Corydalus_ PB. _Raphidia_ L. _Hemerobius_ F. iii. 412, 507. ---- cornuta iii. 36.

EPHEMERA L. &c. i. 66, 389. ii. 5, 365. iii. 67, 203, 295, 498. iv. 57, 571. ---- diptera (_Cloeon_, Lch.) iii. 325, 591. ---- fusco-grisea iv. 58. ---- vespertina iv. 58. ---- vulgata ii. 368. iv. 58, 94.

HEMEROBIUS L. &c. i. 264. ii. 432. iii. 154, 437, 495. ---- chrysops ii. 256.

LIBELLULA L. &c. ii. 292, 351. ---- depressa iii. 127, 302.

MYRMELEON L. F. Ltr. _Formicaleo_ Gff. i. 267, 425. ii. 287. iii. 154, 229, 437. iv. 128. ---- Formicaleo i. 431. ---- libelluloides iii. 36.

NEMOPTERA Ltr. _Panorpa_ L. F. iii. 642.

NYMPHES Lch. Ltr. iii. 693.

OSMYLUS Ltr. _Hemerobius_ L. F. iii. 629.

PANORPA L. &c. iii. 27, 170, 340. ---- communis i. 274. ii. 253.

PERLA Gff. Ltr. _Phryganea_ L. _Semblis_ F. iii. 507, 563. iv. 388. ---- bicaudata iii. 69.

PSOCUS Ltr. _Hemerobius_ L. _Phryganea_ Gff. _Psylla_ Gff. iii. 27, 519.

RAPHIDIA L. &c. iii. 108, 525. ---- ophiopsis i. 11.

SIALIS Ltr. _Hemerobius_ L. Semblis F. ii. 292. iii. 552. iv. 93. ---- lutaria i. 282. iv. 58.

TERMES L. &c. i. 244, 307, 506. ii. 31. iv. 571. ---- Arborum i. 507. ---- atrox i. 506. ---- bellicosus i. 245. ii. 42. ---- Destructor i. 507. ---- fatalis i. 245, 507. iii. 89, 300. ---- lucifugus ii. 43. ---- mordax i. 506. ---- Viarum ii. 42.

Order vi. HYMENOPTERA. iv. 382.

ACANTHOPUS Kg. Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Xylocopa_ F. iii. 306, 334, 680.

ALLANTUS Jur. Lch. Tenthredo L. F. Ltr. StF. ---- marginalis i. 386. ---- ovatus iii. 182. ---- Scrophulariæ ii. 225.

ALOMYIA Pnz. Ltr. Ichneumon L. Jur. _Cryptus_ F. ---- Debellator i. 269. ---- Stercorator i. 269.

ALYSIA Ltr. Ichneumon L. _Cryptus_ F. _Bassus_ Pnz. _Bracon_ Jur. _Cechenus_ Il. ---- Manducator i. 269. iv. 222.

AMMOPHILA Kby. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. F. _Pepsis_ F. ii. 363. iii. 305, 702. ---- cyanea ii. 380. ---- vulgaris i. 263, 346.

ANDRENA F. Ltr. Jur. _Apis_ L. Melitta (** c.) Kby. _Nomada_ Scp. ii. 240. iii. 305, 317, 624. iv. 216. ---- cineraria iii. 638. ---- hæmorrhoidalis iii. 303, 308. ---- spinigera i. 11. ii. 259. iii. 433.

ANTHIDIUM F. Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. β.) Kby. _Anthophora_ Il. _Megachile_ Spn. _Trachusa_ Jur. ---- manicatum i. 435. iii. 315.

ANTHOPHORA Ltr. _Apis_ L. (** d. 2. α.) Kby. _Megilla_ F. _Lasius_ Jur. i. 238. iii. 305. ---- pilipes iv. 286. ---- retusa iii. 303, 305, 659.

APIS L. F. Ltr. (** e. 1.) Kby. i. 238. iii. 421, 438, 658, 678. ---- acraensis i. 331. ---- Adansonii i. 331. ---- fasciata i. 331. ---- indica i. 331. ---- laboriosa i. 331. ---- ligustica i. 330. ---- mellifica i. 331, 376, 481. ii. 119. ---- unicolor i. 331.

ATHALIA Lch. Ltr. StF. Tenthredo L. _Hylotoma_ F. _Allantus_ Jur. ---- Centifoliæ ii. 10.

ATTA F. _Formica_ L. _Myrmica_ Spn. iii. 489.

AULACUS Jur. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. iii. 631.

BEMBEX F. Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Vespa_ Slz. ii. 221. ---- rostrata i. 262, 388. ii. 231.

BOMBUS Ltr. F. Apis L. (** e. 2.) Kby. _Bremus_ Jur. _Ptilopus_ Kg.? i. 378. iii. 315. iv. 501, 522. ---- alpinus iv. 498. ---- arcticus iv. 498. ---- lapidarius i. 498. ---- lapponicus iv. 498. ---- Muscorum i. 498. ii. 470. ---- Raiellus ii. 221. ---- Sylvarum ii. 114. ---- terrestris i. 498. ii. 264.

BRACON Jur. F. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. iii. 631.

CENTRIS F. Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Megilla_ II. _Lasius_ Jur. _Trachusa_ Kg. _Hemisia_ Kg. iii. 305.

CEPHUS Ltr. F. _Sirex_ L. _Astatus_ Kg. Trachelus Jur. iii. 517. iv. 515.

CERATINA Ltr. Jur. _Apis_ L. (** d. 2. α.) Kby. _Megilla_ F. Wlk. iii. 303. ---- albilabris i. 438.

CERCERIS Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Philanthus_ F. Jur. _Vespa_ Gff. _Bembex_ Rss. ii. 363. iv. 518. ---- auritus i. 387.

CHALCIS F. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Vespa_ L. ii. 311, 352. iii. 673. ---- sispes iii. 626.

CHELONUS Jur. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. F. iii. 631, 702.

CHELOSTOMA Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. γ) Kby. _Anthophora_ F. _Hylæus_ F. _Trachusa_ Jur. i. 238. iv. 517. ---- maxillosa (_florisomnis_) i. 356. ii. 259. iii. 317, 319, 338.

CHLORION Ltr. F. _Sphex_ L. Cst. _Pepsis_ Il. _Ampulex_ Jur. iii. 547, 573.

CHRYSIS L. &c. i. 445. ii. 221, 231. iii. 477, 547, 631. iv. 163. ---- dentata i. 262. ---- ignita iii. 702.

CIMBEX Ol. F. Ltr. StF. Lch. Tenthredo L. Jur. _Crabro_ Gff. _Clavellaria_ Lam. _Abia_ Lch. _Amasis_ Lch. iii. 322, 675. iv. 270. ---- axillaris iii. 519. ---- femorata iii. 699. ---- læta (_Amasis_) iii. 519. ---- lutea ii. 248, 323. ---- mammifera iii. 561. ---- nitens (_Abia_) iii. 187. ---- sericea (_Abia_) iii. 583.

CLAVELLARIA Lam. Lch. Tenthredo L. Jur. _Cimbex_ Ol. Ltr. StF. ---- Amerinæ iv. 112.

CLEPTES Ltr. F. Jur. _Sphex_ L. _Vespa_ Gff. _Ichneumon_ Rss. _Chrysis_ Ol. iv. 361.

CŒLIOXYS Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 1. α.) Kby. _Anthophora_ F. _Megachile_ Wlk. _Trachusa_ Jur. _Anthidium_ Pnz. _Heriades_ Spn. iii. 502. ---- conica iii. 337. iv. 273.

COLLETES Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Andrena_ F. Jur. _Hylæus_ Cuv. Melitta (* a.) Kby. _Evodia_ Pnz. iii. 314. ---- fodiens i. 434. ---- succincta i. 434.

CRABRO F. Jur. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Vespa_ L. i. 238. ii. 363. iii. 477. ---- clypeatus iv. 338. ---- cribrarius iii. 333, 337. ---- U. flavum ii. 240. ---- scutatus iv. 338.

CROCISA Jur. Ltr. _Apis_ L. (** a.) Kby. _Melecta_ F. _Nomada_ Rss. _Thyreus_ Pnz. iii. 556.

CRYPTOCERUS Ltr. _Formica_ L. _Manica_ Jur. iii. 524, 705.

CRYPTUS F. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. Jur. ii. 314. iv. 220. ---- compunctor iv. 230. ---- hemipterus iii. 598.

CYNIPS L. Jur. Ltr. _Diplolepis_ Gff. i. 211, 309, 446. iv. 162, 225. ---- apterus iii. 591. iv. 273. ---- erythrocephalus iii. 631. ---- Psenes i. 299. ---- Quercus inferus ii. 278. ---- Quercus Ramuli iv. 147. ---- Rosæ iv. 148. ---- Rubi iii. 631. ---- Scriptorum i. 318.

DASYPODA Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Megilla_ F. _Andrena_ Rss. _Melitta_ (** c.) Kby. _Trachusa_ Jur. iii. 305.

DIAPRIA Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. _Chalcis_ F. _Cynips_ Gff. _Chrysis_? Rss. _Psilus_ Jur. ---- purpurascens iii. 710.

DINETUS Jur. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. Shf. _Pompilus_ F. _Crabro_ Rss. iii. 317.

DOLERUS Jur. Ltr. Tenthredo L. F. StF. ---- Cerasi iii. 140, 155, 182.

DORYLUS F. Jur. Ltr. _Mutilla_ L. iii. 508, 550.

EPEOLUS Ltr. F. Apis L. (** b.) Kby. ---- variegatus ii. 259.

EPICHARIS Kg. Ltr. _Apis_ L. Ol. _Xylocopa_ F. _Bombus_ Il. iii. 305.

EPIPONA Ltr. Vespa L. F. Jur. _Odynerus_ Ltr. ---- spinipes i. 263, 348. iii. 318. iv. 225.

EUCERA Scp. F. Ltr. Apis L. (** d. 1.) Kby. _Lasius_ Jur. _Trachusa_ Jur. iii. 317, 523. ---- longicornis iv. 566.

EUGLOSSA Ltr. F. Apis L. _Centris_ F. _Bremus_ Jur. iii. 180, 334, 454. ---- cordata iv. 506. ---- surinamensis iv. 506.

EULOPHUS Gff. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. _Diplolepis_ F. _Cleptes_ F. _Cynips_ Ol. _Chalcis_ Lam. iii. 320. iv. 349. ---- damicornis iii. 304.

EUMENES Ltr. Vespa L. F. _Rygchium_ Spn. _Pterocheilus_ Kg. ---- Parietum i. 238.

EVANIA F. Ltr. Jur. _Sphex_ L. _Ichneumon_ DeG. iii. 531, 577, 701. iv. 223, 571.

FŒNUS F. Ltr. Jur. _Ichneumon_ L. iv. 271. ---- Jaculator iv. 218.

FORMICA L. &c. i. 234, 364, 476. iii. 91, 679. iv. 571. ---- æthiops i. 480. ---- analis i. 183. ii. 240. ---- brunnea i. 478. ---- bispinosa i. 315. ---- cunicularia ii. 79. iii. 226. ---- flava i. 480. ii. 89. ---- fœtida ii. 240. ---- fuliginosa i. 480. ii. 97, 240. ---- fusca i. 479. ii. 62, 104. iii. 226. ---- herculanea ii. 59, 71. ---- rufa i. 291, 476. ii. 50, 55, 67, 72, 92, 94, 96, 98, 103, 247. iv. 144. ---- saccharivora i. 184. ---- sanguinea ii. 71, 76, 81.

GYROSTOMA Kby. _Vespa_ L. F. Cyclostoma iii. 631. iv. 351. ---- Gigas iii. 36.

HALICTUS Wlk. Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Hylæus_ F. Melitta (** b.) Kby. iii. 312, 418, 702. iv. 518.

HERIADES Spn. Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. γ.) Kby. _Anthophora_ F. _Trachusa_ Jur. _Anthidium_ Pnz. i. 238. ---- Campanularum ii. 258. iii. 339.

HYLOTOMA Ltr. F. StF. Tenthredo L. _Cryptus_ Jur. iii. 322, 631. ---- Rosæ i. 194. iii. 76, 225. iv. 86.

ICHNEUMON L. &c. (N.B. _Genera et Subgenera ab aliis auctoribus nondum satis determinata._) i. 267, 342. iii. 251. ---- amictorius iv. 271. ---- _Aphidum_ (Anomalon Jur.) iv. 224. ---- _Atomos_ iii. 41. iv. 220. ---- _Cantator_ ii. 386. ---- _Coccorum_ iv. 224. ---- _inserens_ iv. 220. ---- _Larvarum_ iii. 234. ---- _Muscarum_ iv. 219. ---- _Ovulorum_ i. 267. iv. 220. ---- _penetrans_ iv. 349. ---- _Punctum_ iii. 41. iv. 220. ---- _Strobilellæ_ i. 356.

LABIDUS Jur. Ltr. _Mutilla_ L. _Dorylus_? F. iv. 508.

LARRA F. Jur. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. i. 263. iii. 506.

LEUCOSPIS F. Leucopsis Jur. Ltr. _Cynips_ DeL. _Vespa_ Slz. ii. 311. iii. 673, 702.

LITHURGA Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Centris_ F. Dasyga iii. 483.

LOPHYRUS Ltr. Lch. StF. Tenthredo L. _Hylotoma_ F. _Pteronus_ Jur. ii. 285. ---- Laricis iii. 319, 321. ---- Pini ii. 245. iii. 74.

LYDA F. StF. _Tenthredo_ L. _Pamphilius_ Ltr. _Cephaleia_ Jur. ii. 285. iii. 172. ---- erythrocephala iii. 140.

LYROPS Il. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Larra_ F. Jur. _Liris_ F. _Tachytes_ Pnz. _Andrena_ Rss. iii. 506, 710.

MASARIS F. Ltr. _Vespa_ L. iv. 508.

MEGACHILE Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. α.) Kby. _Anthophora_ F. _Xylocopa_ F. _Trachusa_ Jur. i. 238. iii. 306, 337, 418. iv. 522. ---- centuncularis i. 194, 442. iii. 315. ---- circumcincta iv. 284. ---- Lagopoda (_Apis_) ii. 123. ---- ligniseca iii. 340. ---- muraria i. 14, 438. ---- Willughbiella i. 442. iii. 315.

MELECTA Ltr. Apis L. (** a.) Kby. _Centris_ F. _Crocisa_ Jur. _Symmorpha_ Kg. iii. 305, 337, 556. iv. 517.

MELIPONA Il. Ltr. _Apis_ L. F. _Trigona_ Jur. iv. 510.

MELLINUS F. Ltr. _Vespa_ L. _Sphex_ DeG. i. 262. ---- arvensis i. 358. ---- tricinctus iii. 687.

MICROGASTER Ltr. Ichneumon L. Jur. _Cryptus_ F. ---- globatus i. 270. ---- glomeratus iii. 268.

MISOCAMPUS Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. Jur. _Diplolepis_ F. ---- Puparum i. 267. iv. 230.

MUTILLA L. F. Ltr. _Sphex_ DeG. _Apis_ Cst. iii. 548. iv. 308. ---- coccinea ii. 252. ---- europea ii. 387. iii. 324.

MYRMICA Ltr. _Formica_ L. F. _Manica_ Jur. ii. 68. iii. 679. ---- cœca iii. 324. ---- Cœspitum ii. 93. ---- omnivora i. 230, 273 ---- rubra ii. 69, 88, 96, 441. iii. 324.

MYRMECODES Ltr. _Tiphia_ F. iii. 479. iv. 480.

NEMATUS Jur. Ltr. Lch. StF. Tenthredo L. F. ---- capreæ i. 197. ---- flavus i. 198. iii. 80.

NOMADA Scp. F. Ltr. Apis L. (* b) Kby. _Vespa_ Gff. iii. 502, 624. ---- Goodeniana ii. 259. iii. 549. ---- ruficornis iv. 566.

ŒCODOMA Ltr. Formica L. _Atta_ F. iii. 678. ---- cephalotes i. 123, 209. ii. 101.

OMALUS Jur. _Sphex_ L. _Bethylus_ Ltr. F. _Ceraphron_ Pnz. iii. 630.

OPHION F. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. _Anomalon_ Jur. iv. 271. ---- luteum i. 269. iii. 95. iv. 221.

OSMIA Pnz. Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. δ.) Kby. _Anthophora_ F. _Trachusa_. Jur. ---- bicornis i. 440. iii. 479. ---- cærulescens i. 440. iii. 303. ---- Papaveris (_Megachile_) i. 15, 52, 440.

OXYBELUS Ltr. F. _Vespa_ L. _Sphex_ Shf. _Crabro_ Ol. iii. 631. ---- uniglumis iii. 556.

PANURGUS Pnz. Ltr. Apis. L. (* a.) Kby. _Dasypoda_ F. _Eriops_ Kg. _Trachusa_ Jur. iv. 514.

PARNOPES Ltr. F. _Chrysis_ L. Jur. ---- carnea i. 262. ii. 231.

PELECINUS Ltr. F. _Ichneumon_ L. ---- polycerator iii. 333.

PELOPÆUS Ltr. F. _Sphex_ L. _Pepsis_ Il. _Sceliphron_ Kg. iii. 660. ---- spirifex i. 358.

PEPSIS F. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Pompilus_ Jur. iii. 318, 507, 643. ---- argentata i. 8. ---- fuscipennis i. 8.

PERGA Lch. Ltr. StF. _Tenthredo_ L. _Cimbex_ Ol. F. iii. 559, 703. ---- Kirbii iv. 46.

PHILANTHUS F. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Vespa_ Gff. _Crabro_ Rss. _Simblephilus_ Jur. i. 263. iii. 631. ---- apivorus i. 164. ---- lætus i. 387.

PIMPLA F. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ L. Jur. iii. 702. iv. 162. ---- Manifestator i. 121, 356. iv. 217.

POLISTES Ltr. F. Vespa L. Jur. iv. 571. ---- gallica iv. 576. ---- nidulans i. 16, 506.

POLYERGUS Ltr. Formica L. F. Hbr. ---- rufescens ii. 76.

POMPILUS F. Jur. Ltr. _Sphex_. L. _Ichneumon_ Gff. _Cryptocheilus._ Pnz. i. 263. ii. 305. iii. 547. ---- Heros i. 121. ---- ocellatus iii. 36. ---- viaticus i. 121. ii. 254.

PONERA Ltr. Formica L. F. iii. 484, 679, 688. ---- contracta iii. 324.

PROCTOTRUPES Ltr. _Ichneumon_. L. _Codrus_ Jur. _Eriodorus_ Wlk. i. 269. iii. 630. iv. 162.

PRONÆUS Ltr. Sphex L. _Dryinus_ F. Pepsis PB. F. ---- cæruleus i. 263.

PROSOPIS Jur. F. _Apis_ L. _Andrena_ Ol. Vespa. Rss. Melitta (* b.) Kby. _Hylæus_ Ltr. iv. 148. ---- annulata iv. 299. ---- dilatata iii. 322. iv. 334.

PSILUS Jur. _Ichneumon_ L. _Chalcis_ F. _Diapria_ Ltr. _Chrysis_? Rss. ii. 352. iii. 630.

PTERYGOPHORUS Kg. Lch. StF. _Tenthredo_ L. _Hylotoma_ F. _Lophyrus_ Ltr. _Pteronus_ Jur. ---- cinctus iii. 321.

SAPYGA Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Hellus_ F. _Vespa_ Gff. _Sphex_ Vll. iv. 517.

SAROPODA Ltr. _Apis_ L. (** d. 2. α.) Kby. _Heliophila_ Kg. iii. 680.

SCHIZOCERA Ltr. _Tenthredo_ L. Hylotoma F. _Cryptus_ Jur. StF. Lch. ---- furcata (_Hylotoma_) iii. 320.

SCOLIA F. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Apis_ Shk. _Vespa_ Cst. iii. 40, 318. ---- cyanipennis iii. 36. ---- quadrimaculata ii. 226. ---- Radula iii. 642.

SIREX L. F. _Urocerus_ Gff. Ltr. _Ichneumon_ DeG. i. 237. iii. 172, 559. ---- Camelus i. 237. ---- Gigas i. 212, 238. iii. 488. ---- Juvencus i. 212. ---- Spectrum i. 237.

SPHECODES Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Apis_ Gff. _Proapis_ DeG. _Nomada_ F. _Andrena_ Ol. _Dichroa_ Il. _Melitta_ (** a.) Kby. iii. 312, 314, 317.

SPHEX L. Ltr. _Pepsis_ F. _Ichneumon_ Gff. i. 349. iii. 225, 660. ---- pennsylvanica i. 264.

STELIS Pnz. Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 1. β.) Kby. _Megilla_ F. _Anthophora_ Il. _Trachusa_ Jur. _Gyrodroma_ Kg. ---- punctatissima iv. 300.

STIGMUS Jur. Ltr. _Sphex_ L. _Pemphredon_ F. iii. 305.

STILBUM Spn. Ltr. _Chrysis_ L. F. Jur. iii. 561.

SYNAGRIS Ltr. F. _Vespa_ L. iii. 338. ---- cornuta iii. 314, 433.

SYSTROPHA Il. Ltr. _Apis_ L. _Eucera_ Scp. _Andrena_ Ol. _Hylæus_ F. _Anthidium_ Pnz. iii. 318.

TENTHREDO L. &c. i. 173. iii. 573. iv. 160. ---- Cerasi i. 197. ii. 225. ---- Pruni iii. 179.

THYNNUS F. Ltr. iv. 508.

TRIGONA Jur. Ltr. Apis L. F. _Melipona_ Il. iv. 510. ---- Amalthea i. 330.

TRYPOXYLON Ltr. F. _Sphex_ L. _Apius_ Jur. iv. 517.

VESPA L. &c. i. 372, 501. ii. 106. ----Crabro iii. 431, 549. ----holsatica i. 505. ----pallida iii. 508. ----vulgaris i. 501. ii. 327. iv. 499.

XIPHYDRIA Ltr. F. _Sirex_ L. _Urocerus_ Jur. _Hybonotus_ Kg. ii. 309. iii. 549. ---- Camelus (_Sirex_) i. 237.

XYELA Dn. Ltr. Cts. ---- pusilla ii. 309. iii. 450.

XYLOCOPA Ltr. F. Apis L. (** d. 2. β.) Kby Bombus F. i. 238. iii. 548, 648. iv. 501. ---- antiguensis iv. 502. ---- caffrus iv. 502. ---- iricolor iv. 300. ---- latipes iii. 306, 335. ---- Nigrita iii. 36. ---- Teredo iv. 503. ---- violacea i. 436. ii. 517. iv. 502.

Subclass II. HAUSTELLATA. iv. 373.

Order vii. HEMIPTERA. iv. 385.

ACANTHIA Ltr. _Cimex_ (Coleoptrati oblongi) L. Salda F. Lygæus. ---- littoralis iv. 514. ---- saltatoria ii. 312. iv. 514. ---- Zosteræ iv. 514.

ACHILUS Kby. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Deflexæ) L. iv. 508.

ALEYRODES Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. _Phalæna_ Gff. iii. 110, 498, 518. ---- Chelidonii iii. 89, 154.

ALYDUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Spinipedes) L. ---- calcaratus iii. 613.

APHIS L. &c. i. 175. ii. 14, 87. iii. 63, 182. iv. 166, 171. ---- Abietis i. 451. iii, 182, 465. ---- Alni iii. 76. ---- Betulæ ii. 429. ---- bursaria i. 451. ---- Cardui ii. 436. ---- Fagi iv. 136. ---- Pini i. 325. iii. 76. ---- Pistaciæ i. 451. ---- Pruni iii. 76. ---- Quercus ii. 90. iii. 465. ---- Radicum ii. 90. ---- Rosæ ii. 436, 454.

ARADUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Membranacei) L. _Acanthia_ Shk. _Coreus_ Shl. iii. 114, 484, 612, 615. ---- Betulæ iii. 329. ---- corticalis iv. 267. ---- depressus iii. 614. ---- laminatus iii. 711, 713.

BELOSTOMA Ltr. _Nepa_ L. F. _Cimex_ St. iii. 513, 571, 683, 689, 702. ---- grandis iii. 35, 524, 614. iv. 45.

CAPSUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Seticornes) L. _Lygæus_ Wlf. _Miris_ Shl. iii. 505, 612.

CENTROTUS F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Cruciatæ) L. iii. 239, 555. iv. 423. ---- clavatus ii. 222. iii. 535. ---- cornutus iv. 268. ---- globularis ii. 222. iii. 535. ---- spinosus ii. 222. iii. 535. ---- Taurus iii. 535, 709.

CERCOPIS F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Ranatræ) L. _Tettigonia_ Ol. iii. 606, 678. ---- bifasciata iv. 524. ---- sanguinolenta. PLATE xxviii. Fig. 21. ---- spumaria i. 194. ii. 11, 225, 311. iv. 117, 159.

CHERMES L. F. _Psylla_ Gff. Ltr. i. 392. ii. 312. iii. 464. ---- Abietis iii. 182. iv. 136. ---- Fagi (_Aphis_) iv. 136, 141. ---- Ficus iii. 109. ---- Fraxini. PLATE xxviii. Fig. 18. ---- Pyri iv. 576.

CICADA Ltr. (Manniferæ) L. Tettigonia F. i. 355. ii. 397. iii. 35, 109, 558, 636. iv. 159. ---- capensis ii. 402. ---- septendecim i. 206, 281, 306, ii. 399. ---- Tibicen ii. 399.

CIMEX Ltr. (Apteri) L. _Acanthia_ F. ---- lectularius i. 106. iii. 704. ---- _subapterus_ ii. 387.

CIXIUS Ltr. _Cicada_ (Ranatræ) L. _Flata_ F. _Derbe_ F.? iii. 518.

COCCUS L. F. Ltr. _Chermes_ Gff. i. 200, 202, 327. ii. 89, 225. iii. 300. ---- Arborum i. 200. ---- Cacti i. 231. ---- Hesperidum i. 195. iii. 77. ---- Ilicis i. 319. ---- Lacca i. 232, 324. iv. 142. ---- Persicæ i. 199. ---- polonicus i. 320. ---- Ulmi iii. 415. ---- Uva-ursi i. 321. ---- Vitis i. 205. ii. 331.

COREUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Spinosi) L. iii. 518. ---- marginatus ii. 374. iii. 109. ---- paradoxus ii. 219. iii. 612, 711.

CYDNUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Rotundati) L. ---- bicolor iii. 614. ---- Morio iii. 611.

DARNIS F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Cruciatæ) L. iii. 555, 610.

DELPHAX F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Ranatræ) L. iv. 325.

DICTYONOTA Cs. _Cimex_ (Membranacei) L. Tingis F. _Acanthia_ Shk. iii. 615. ---- crassicornis iv. 337.

DORTHESIA Bsc. Ltr. _Coccus_ L. F. iii. 182, 346. ---- characias iii. 183. ---- dubia iii. 183. ---- floccosa iii. 183.

EDESSA F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Rotundati) L. iii. 479, 567. ---- nigripes iii. 708.

FLATA F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Deflexæ) L. iii. 505, 610, 628, 634. ---- limbata i. 328. ---- phalænoides iii. 505. ---- reticulata iii. 505.

FULGORA L. &c. ii. 422. iii. 576, 648. ---- candelaria ii. 413. iii. 507. ---- Diadema iii. 508, 611. ---- laternaria ii. 397, 413. iii. 558. ---- pyrrhorhynchus ii. 414. ---- serrata iii. 508.

GALGULUS Ltr. _Nepa_ L. _Naucoris_ F. iii. 518.

GERRIS Ltr. _Cimex_ (Lineares) L. _Hydrometra_ F. _Aquarius_ Shl. i. 276. iii. 554. ---- lacustris ii. 360.

HYDROMETRA Ltr. F. _Cimex_ (Lineares) L. _Aquarius_ Shl. i. 276. iii. 500. ---- Stagnorum ii. 361.

HYLOPHILA Kby. _Cimex_ (Oblongi) L. _Salda_ F. ---- Nemorum i. 107.

JASSUS F. _Cicada_ (Ranatræ) L. _Tettigonia_ Ol. Ltr. iii. 507. ---- Lanio iii. 563.

ISSUS F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Ranatræ) L. PLATE xxviii. Fig. 20.

LEDRA F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Cruciatæ) L. _Membracis_ Ol. iii. 507. iv. 324. ---- aurita iii. 535.

LIVIA Ltr. _Chermes_ L. F. _Diraphia_ Il. iii. 518.

LYGÆUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Oblongi) L. iii. 612, 628, 658. ---- _brevicollis_ iii. 613. ---- brevipennis iii. 591. iv. 423. ---- cruciatus iii. 613. ---- cruciger iii. 332. ---- _Hyoscyami_ ii. 240. iii. 616. ---- Pharaonis iii. 35, 332, 673. ---- sexmaculatus iv. 45.

MEMBRACIS F. Ltr. _Cicada_ (Foliaceæ) L. iii. 555, 610. ---- cultrata iii. 535. ---- ensata iii. 535.

MIRIS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Oblongi) L. iii. 505, 612.

MYZOXYLA Ltr.? Aphis L. F. ii. 225. ---- lanigera i. 29, 201. iii. 182.

NABIS Ltr. _Cimex_ L. _Reduvius_ F. _Miris_ F. iii. 666.

NAUCORIS Gff. F. Ltr. _Nepa_ L. i. 275. iii. 83, 633.

NEPA L. F. Ltr. _Hepa_ Gff. i. 275. ii. 360. iii. 96, 513, 702. ---- cinerea i. 275. iii. 84, 94.

NOTONECTA L. &c. i. 275. ii. 359. iii. 614, 660. ---- glauca i. 107. iv. 277.

OTIOCERUS Kby. Ltr. _Cicada_ L. _Cobax_ Grm. iii. 478, 610. ---- Wintheri iii. 509.

PENTATOMA Ol. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Spinosi, Rotundati.) L. F. iii. 104, 611, 616, 628. ---- Baccarum iv. 131. ---- grisea i. 359. iii. 101. ---- hæmorrhoidalis iii. 340. ---- juniperina iii. 88. iv. 498. ---- oleracea iii. 301. ---- prasina iv. 289. ---- rufipes iv. 45.

PETALOPUS Kby. _Cimex_ (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. ---- foliaceus (_Lygæus_) ii. 348. iii. 672. ---- phyllopus (_Lygæus_) ii. 348. iii. 672.

PLEA Lch. Ltr. _Notonecta_ L. F. iii. 614.

PLOIARIA Scp. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Lineares) L. Gerris F. ---- vagabunda ii. 308.

PYRRHOCORIS Fln. _Cimex_ (Oblongi) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. ---- apterus ii. 436. (_Lygæus_) iii. 613.

RANATRA F. Ltr. _Nepa_ L. _Hepa_ Gff. iii. 500, 615, 682. ---- linearis iii. 94.

REDUVIUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Spinosi, Rotundati, Seticornes, Oblongi.) L. iii. 269, 506. ---- biguttatus iii. 555. ---- lugens iii. 555. ---- mutillarius iii. 555. ---- personatus i. 276. ii. 255, 293, 387. iii. 508. ---- serratus i. 108.

RHINUCHUS Kby. _Cimex_ (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. ---- compressipes iii. 613, 616, 672.

SCUTELLERA Lam. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Scutellati) L. Tetyra F. _Pentatoma_ Ol. _Thyreocoris_ Shk. iii. 554, 612, 628. ---- pedicellata iii. 516. ---- signata iii. 571. ---- Stockeri iv. 45.

SIGARA F. Ltr. _Notonecta_ L. _Nepa_ DeG. i. 275. ii. 360. iii. 683.

TETTIGONIA F. Kby. _Cicada_ (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. ii. 397.

TETTIX Kby. _Cicada_ (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. Tettigonia F. ii. 397.

TETYRA F. Kby. _Cimex_ (Scutellati) L. _Scutellera_ Lam. Ltr. _Pentatoma_ Ol. _Thyreocoris_ Shk. ---- scarabæoides iv. 499.

THRIPS L. &c. iii. 692. ---- physapus i. 128. ii. 13, 327.

TINGIS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Membranacei) L. _Acanthia_ Shk. iii. 612, 615. ---- Echii iii. 535. ---- Pyri iii. 535. ---- Teucrii i. 451.

VELIA Ltr. _Cimex_ (Lineares) L. _Hydrometra_ F. i. 276. iii. 658. ---- Rivulorum ii. 361.

XIPHOSTOMA Kby. _Nepa_ L. F. Ltr. _Hepa_ Gff. iii. 683.

ZELUS F. Ltr. _Cimex_ (Seticornes) L. iii. 525, 612.

Order viii. TRICHOPTERA. iv. 387.

LEPTOCERUS Lch. Phryganea L. F. Ltr. ii. 301. iv. 250. ---- atratus ii. 217. iii. 68, 678. ---- bimaculatus i. 465.

LIMNEPHILUS Lch. Phryganea L. F. Ltr. ---- rhombicus iii. 678.

PHRYGANEA L. &c. i. 464. ii. 261. iii. 285. iv. 238.

PROSOPONIA Lch. Phryganea L. F. Ltr. ---- Spencii (_personata_) iii. 488.

Order ix. LEPIDOPTERA. iv. 389.

ABRAXAS Lch. Phalæna (_Geometra_) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. _Zerene_ Tts. ---- grossulariata i. 197. ii. 446. iii. 188.

ACHATIA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Trachea_ Tts. _Achatea_ Cts. ---- spreta i. 209.

ACHERONTIA Ocr. Ltr. Sphinx L. F. _Spectrum_ Scp. ---- Atropos i. 34, 164, 186. ii. 237, 386, 510. iii. 36, 268, 469.

ACIDALIA Tts. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. ---- luteata iv. 302. ---- undulata iv. 299.

ACRONYCTA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. _Apatelæ_ Hü. ---- Aceris iii. 76, 224. ---- Alni iii. 176. ---- Psi i. 10. ii. 217, 416. iii. 146. ---- tridens iii. 146.

ÆGERIA F. _Sphinx_ L. Sesia Ltr. Ocs. _Trochilium_ Scp. ---- tipuliformis i. 197.

AGARISTA Lch. Ltr. _Papilio_ L.? iii. 678.

AGLIA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Attacus) L. _Attacus_ Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. _Echidnæ_ Hü. _Saturnia_ Shk. ---- Io iii. 180, 244, 248. ---- Tau iii. 118, 150, 155.

AGLOSSA Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Pyralis) L. Crambus F. iv. 389. ---- pinguinalis i. 135, 229, 239. iii. 156.

AGROTIS Hü. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- Exclamationis i. 392.

ALUCITA F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Alucitæ) L. ---- pentadactyla iii. 234.

APATELA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. _Acronycta_ Ocr. ---- leporina ii. 286. iii. 174.

APATURA F. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Nymphales Gemmati) L. _Nymphalis_ Ltr. _Argus_ Scp. _Maniola_ Shk. _Potamides_ Hü. ---- Iris ii. 350. iii. 114, 258. iv. 530.

APODA Hth. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. _Hepialus_ F. iii. 140, 165. ---- Asellus iii. 135. ---- Testudo ii. 276. iii. 135, 325.

ARCTIA Ltr. Lch. Stn. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Laria_ Shk. _Leucomæ_ Hü. Stn. _Porthesia_. Stn. _Liparis_ Ocr. ---- chrysorhea i. 473. ii. 21, 250. iii. 75. ---- phæorea i. 206, 476. ---- Salicis iii. 175, 223, 245.

ARGYNNIS F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (Nymphales Phalerati) L. _Argyreus_ Scp. _Dryades_ Hü. iii. 650. ---- Aglaia i. 11. ---- Lathonia i. 8, 11. ---- Paphia iii. 180, 202, 252. ---- Passifloræ i. 8. ---- Selene i. 11. ---- Vanillæ iii. 647.

ARTEMIS Kby. _Phalæna_ (Attacus) L. _Attacus_ Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. ---- Luna iii. 248, 641.

ATTACUS Grm. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Attacus) L. Bombyx F. iii. 636, 647. ---- Atlas iii. 36, 640, 645, 678. ---- Cynthia i. 335. ---- Cytherea ii. 648. ---- Erythrinæ iii. 180, 186. ---- Paphia i. 334. ii. 350. iii. 227, 281. ---- Polyphemus iii. 223, 645.

BISTON Lch. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. _Amphidasis_ Tts. ---- Betularia iv. 297.

BOARMIA Tts. Phalæna (_Geometra_) L. F. _Alcis_ Cts. ---- repandaria iv. 299.

BOMBYX F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. ---- Madrono i. 337. ---- Mori i. 334. iii. 274, 645. ---- vulnerans iii. 179.

BRASSOLIS F. Ltr. Papilio (_Danai Festivi_) L. ---- Cassiæ iii. 115, 151, 259.

BRYOPHILA Tts. _Phalæna_ (Pyralis) L. Pyralis F. Ltr. _Pœcilia_ Ocr. ---- strigula (_Noctua_) iii. 231.

CALLIMORPHA Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Lithosia_ F. Ocr. _Selina_ Shk. _Hippocritæ_ Hü. ---- rosea iii. 234.

CARADRINA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- ambigua (_Noctua_) iii. 228.

CASTNIA F. Ltr. _Papilio_ L.? iii. 506. iv. 508.

CATOCALA Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr.? _Blephara_ Hü. ---- Fraxini. PLATE xx. Fig. 11. ---- nupta iv. 296, 525. ---- pacta i. 335. iii. 259, 270. ---- Pronuba iii. 188. iv. 60. ---- Sponsa i. 335. iii. 259.

CERACAMPA Kby. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. ---- imperatoria iii. 251, 255. ---- regalis ii. 235. iii. 179, 251.

CERURA Shk. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Andriæ_ Hü. _Harpyia_ Ocr. ---- Furcula iii. 150. ---- Vinula ii. 248. iii. 98, 231, 275, 281. iv. 221.

CHARÆAS Stn. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. _Apamea_ Ocr. ---- Graminis i. 179.

CHARICLEA Stn. Cts. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. _Xylina_ Ocr. _Xylenæ_ Hü. ---- Delphinii i. 386.

CHEIMATOBIA Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. _Acidalia_ Tts. ---- brumata i. 209. ii. 440. iv. 523.

CINTHIA F. Papilio (_Nymphales Gemmati_) L. Vanessa Ltr. Ocr. ---- Cardui ii. 437. iii. 258, 260.

CLOSTERA Hff. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Pygæra_ Ocr. _Laria_ Shk. _Melalophæ_ Hü. ---- Anastomosis iii. 260.

COLIAS F. Ltr. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Danai Candidi) L. _Argyreus_ Scp. _Battus_ Scp. Pieris. Shk. ---- Edusa iv. 287. ---- Helice iv. 295.

COSSUS F. Ltr. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Hepialus_ Shk. _Teredines_ Hü. iii. 253. iv. 65, 181, 193. ---- labyrinthicus iii. 629. ---- ligniperda i. 302. ii. 297, 374, 471. iii. 200, 344. ---- Robiniæ iii. 137, 222, 282.

CRAMBUS F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. _Tinea_ Gff. _Harpella?_ Shk. iii. 637. iv. 345.

CUCULLIA Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. ---- Abrotani iii. 185. ---- Absinthii iii. 185. ---- Chamomillæ iii. 185. ---- Lactucæ iii. 185. ---- umbratica iii. 185. ---- Verbasci ii. 470. iii. 189, 254.

CYCLOPHORA Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. _Cabera_ Tts. ---- omicronaria iv. 294. ---- pendularia iii. 206. ---- punctaria iii. 206.

DANAÜS Ltr. _Papilio_ (Danai Festivi) L. _Euplœa_ F. _Battus_ Scp. _Limnades_ Hü. ---- Archippus iii. 146. ---- Gylippus iii. 146.

DASYCHIRA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Laria_ Shk. _Orgyia_ Ocr. Ltr. ---- fascelina iii. 175, 222, 245. ---- pudibunda iii. 175, 187, 245.

DEILEPHILA Ocr. Sphinx L. F. Ltr. _Spectrum_ Scp. ---- Elpenor iii. 186. ---- Euphorbiæ; iii. 189, 265. iv. 238. ---- Porcellus iii. 145. ---- Vitis iii. 145.

DEÏOPEIA Stn. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. Bombyx F. _Lithosia_ Ltr. Hth. _Euprepia_ Ocr. ---- pulchella i. PLATE III. Fig. 3.

DIURNEA Hth. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. _Tinea_ F. ---- Novembris iv. 523.

DREPANA Shk. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. ---- lacertinaria iii. 235.

ENDROMIS Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. Ltr. ---- versicolor iii. 100, 185, 321.

ENNOMOS Tts. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. ---- amatoria iii. 151. ---- cratægata iii. 98. ---- dolabraria iv. 297. ---- prunaria iv. 298. ---- _strigilata_? iii. 231.

EPISEMA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. _Noctua_ F. Ltr. Bombyx. ---- cæruleocephala i. 199. iii. 89, 235.

EREBUS Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. iii. 678. ---- Bubo iii. 652. ---- Strix iii. 36, 38, 145.

ERIOGASTER Grm. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. Ltr. _Gastropacha_ Ocr. _Lasiocampa_ Shk. _Lachneides_ Hü. ---- Catax iii. 219. ---- lanestris iii. 222, 264, 271.

ERYCINA F. Ltr. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Rurales) L. ---- Dorilas iii. 641.

EUDOREA Cts. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. Pyralis F. Ltr.? _Scoparia_ Hth. ---- Resinella? (_Scoparia_) i. 383.

EUPREPIA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Arctia Shk. Stn. Callimorpha Ltr. _Hypercampæ_ Hü. _Phragmatobia_ Stn. ---- Caja i. 130, 398. ii. 223, 249. iii. 195. ---- fuliginosa ii. 440. ---- villica i. 209. iii. 193, 219.

FUMEA Hth. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. Ltr. _Psyche_ Shk. _Canephoræ_ Hü. Noctua. ---- pulla ii. 262.

GALLERIA F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. _Tinæa_ Gff. iii. 637. ---- cereana i. 165, 388. ---- Mellonella i. 165, 234. ii. 263.

GASTROPACHA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Lasiocampa_ Shk. Ltr. _Eutrichæ_ Hü. iii. 636. ---- quercifolia ii. 219. iii. 36, 224.

GEOMETRA Hü. Stn. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. _Ennomos_ Tts.? ii. 288. iii. 139, 174, 637. ---- alniaria iii. 259. ---- _fuliginosa_ iii. 151. ---- lunaria iii. 134.

GONEPTERYX Lch. Papilio (_Danai Candidi_) L. _Colias_ F. Ltr. Pieris Shk. ---- Rhamni ii. 437. iii. 251, 301.

GRACILLARIA? Hth. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. Tinea. F. _Œcophora?_ Ltr. i. 383. ---- Clerkella i. 453. ---- Wilkella i. 453.

HADENA Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- Ligustri ii. 218.

HELICONIUS Ltr. _Papilio_ (Heliconii) L. _Acræa_ F. _Mechanitis_ F. iii. 629, 646.

HELICOPIS F. Papilio (Plebeii Rurales) L. Erycina Ltr. Hesperia F. ---- Cupido i. 8, 185. iii. 641. ---- Endymion iii. 641.

HEPIOLUS Il. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Hepialus F. Ltr. iii. 256. ---- hectus iii. 334. ---- Humuli i. 183. ii. 431. iii. 66, 269.

HERMINIA Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Pyralis) L. _Crambus_ F. iii. 323. ---- rostralis ii. 288.

HESPERIA Ltr. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. _Thymele_ F. Stn. _Pamphila_ F. Stn. _Erynnis_ Shk. _Battus_ Scp. _Urbani_ Hü. Satyrus iii. 629, 636. ---- Bixæ iii. 245. ---- Comma iv. 498. ---- Linea iv. 300. ---- Malvæ iii. 116. ---- Paniscus iv. 300. ---- Sylvanus ii. 301.

HIPPARCHIA F. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Danai Festivi, Nymphales Gemmati) L. _Satyrus_ Ltr. _Argus_ Scp. _Maniola_ Shk. _Oreades_ Hü. ---- Ægeria iii. 98, 652. ---- Davus iv. 295. ---- Hyperanthus iii. 84, 98. ---- Janira iii. 98. ---- Mæra iii. 104. ---- Pamphilus iv. 289. ---- Semele iii. 652. ---- Tithonus iv. 295.

HIPPARCHUS Lch. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. Geometra Tts. ---- papilionarius iii. 214. iv. 301.

HYDROCAMPA Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Pyralis) L. _Crambus_ F. _Nymphala_ Shk. _Pyralis_ Hth. Botys Ltr. ---- potamogata iii. 69. iv. 513. ---- stratiotata iii. 171. iv. 57, 75.

HYPERCAMPA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Euprepia_ Ocr. Callimorpha Ltr. Noctua. ---- Dominula (_Euprepia_) iii. 193. iv. 288.

HYPOGYMNA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Lasiocampa_ Ltr.? Laria Shk. _Liparis_ Ocr. _Psilura._ Stn. ---- dispar i. 208. ii. 295, 428. iii. 75. ---- monacha i. 209.

INO Lch. _Sphinx_ L. Procris F. Ltr. _Atychia_ Ocr. ---- Statices i. 205.

LASIOCAMPA Shk. Ltr. Stn. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Gastropacha_ Ocr. _Trichoda_ Hst. _Eutrichæ_ Hü. _Cnethocampa_ Stn. ---- Pini iii. 256. ---- Pityocampa i. 131. ii. 22. iii. 76. ---- processionea i. 130, 475. ii. 23. ---- Quercus iii. 270. ---- Rubi iii. 186, 298. ---- Stigma iii. 146.

LIMENITIS F. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Nymphales Phalerati) L. Nymphalis Ltr. _Battus_ Scp. _Naiades_ Hü. ---- Amphinome iii. 115, 151, 178. ---- Camilla iii. 115. ---- Populi iii. 181. ---- Sibylla iii. 115, 181.

LITHOSIA F. Ltr. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Setina_ Shk. _Hippocritæ_ Hü. Noctua iii. 156. iv. 341. ---- Quadra ii. 287. ---- rubricollis iv. 290.

LOBOPHORA Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. _Acidalia_ Tts. ---- hexaptera ii. 348. iii. 592.

LOPHOPTERYX Stn. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Notodonta Ocr. Ltr. ---- camelina ii. 234. iii. 151, 204.

LYCÆNA F. Ocr. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Rurales) L. _Polyommatus_ Ltr. _Battus_ Scp. _Cupido_ Shk. _Rustici_ Hü. iii. 629. ---- Hippothoe iii. 301, 650. ---- Virgaureæ iii. 650. iv. 515.

MACARIA Cts. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. ---- clathrata iv. 299.

MACROGLOSSA Ocr. Sphinx L. _Sesia_ F. _Macroglossum_ Scp. _Bombyliæ_ Hü. ---- Stellatarum ii. 226, 365, 379. ---- Œnotheræ iii. 268, 295.

MAMESTRA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- Brassicæ; i. 29, 189. ---- oleracea i. 189. ---- Persicariæ iii. 188.

MARGARITIA Stn. _Phalæna_ (Geometra, Tortrix) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. Pyralis. ---- Secalis i. 173. ---- urticata iii. 235.

MELITÆA F. Ocr. Papilio (_Nymphales Phalerati_) L. _Nymphalis_ Ltr. _Battus_ Scp. _Lemoniades_ Hü. Argynnis. ---- Artemis iii. 182. ---- Cynthia iii. 182. ---- Cinxia ii. 20, 451. iii. 114. ---- Dictynna iv. 297.

MINOA Tts. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. ---- lactearia iii. 214. iv. 287.

MISELIA Hü. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- Aprilina ii. 217.

MORPHO F. Ltr. Papilio (_Equites Achivi_) L. iii. 629. ---- Achilles iv. 296.. ---- Anchises iii. 184. ---- Idomeneus iii. 176, 252. ---- Menelaus iii. 115, 178, 252, 649. ---- Perseus iv. 296. ---- Telemachus iii. 649. ---- Teucer iii. 35, 115, 637.

NOCTUA Scp. F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. iii. 184, 637. ---- _frugiperda_ i. 174. ---- _subterranea_ ii. 262.

NOTODONTA Ocr. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Ptilodontes_ Hü. iii. 646. ---- Ziczac iv. 238.

NUDARIA Hth. _Phalæna_ (Attacus) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Setina_? Shk. _Callimorpha_? Ltr. _Lithosia_ Ocr. _Hippocritæ_? Hü. iii. 646. iv. 348, 389.

NYCTEROBIUS M^cLy. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ Lwn. F. i. 307, 392, 453.

ODENESTIS Grm. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Lasiocampa_ Shk. Ltr. _Gastropacha_ Ocr. _Eutrichæ_ Hü. iii. 636. Odenesis Sam. ---- potatoria i. 390. iii. 176.

ORGYIA Ocr. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. _Laria_. Shk. _Dasychiræ_ Hü. ---- antiqua iii. 329. ---- Gonostigma iii. 329.

OURAPTERYX. (_Urapteryx_) Lch. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. _Acæna_ Tts. ---- sambucaria iii. 248.

PAPILIO (Equites Trojani, Achivi) L. &c. iii. 651. ---- Anchises ii. 242. iii. 114. ---- Ajax iv. 298. ---- Cleopatra iv. 515. ---- Diomedes iii. 302. ---- Hector iii. 637. ---- Laodocus iii. 302. ---- Machaon ii. 242. iii. 35, 147. ---- _morsa_ iii. 116. ---- Paris iv. 293. ---- Podalirius iii. 641. ---- Polycaon iii. 302. ---- Priamus iii. 35, 650. ---- Protesilaus iii. 179. ---- Remus iii. 35. ---- Turnus iv. 298. ---- Ulysses iii. 302, 641, 650.

PARNASSIUS Ltr. Papilio (_Equites Heliconii_) L. _Doritis_ F. Ocr. _Argus_ Scp. _Battus_ Scp. _Pieris_ Shk. ---- Apollo ii. 242. iii. 149, 256, 645. iv. 496. ---- Mnemosyne iii. 256, 645.

PERICALLIA Stn. _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. Ltr. _Ennomos_ Tts. ---- Syringaria iii. 151.

PHALÆNA L. &c. ---- _ceraria_ i. 329. ---- _Rhexiæ_ i. 185.

PIERIS Shk. Ltr. Papilio (_Danai Candidi_) L. _Pontia_ F. Ocr. _Battus_ Scp. _Mancipia_ Hü. ---- Cratægi i. 206. ii. 432. iii. 188.

PLATYPTERYX Lsp. Ocr. Ltr.? _Phalæna_ (Geometra) L. _Phalæna_ F. _Drepana_ Shk. ---- cultaria iii. 260. ---- sicula iii. 260.

PLUSIA Hü. Ocr. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. _Phytometra_ Hth. ---- chrysitis iv. 291. ---- Festucæ iv. 291. ---- Gamma i. 192, 307. iii. 139. iv. 525.

PLUTELLA Shk. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. _Alucita_ F. Ltr. ---- asperella iv. 294.

PŒCILIA Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. _Bryophila_ Tts. _Jaspidiæ_ Hü. ---- Algæ ii. 217.

POLYOMMATUS Ltr. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Rurales) L. Lycæna F. Ocr. _Argyreus_? _Argus._ Scp. _Cupido_ Shk. _Rustici_ Hü. iii. 652. ---- Adonis i. 41. iii. 650. ---- Argiolus iii. 206. iv. 498. ---- Argus iii. 211, 301. ---- Corydon iii. 206. iv. 515.

PONTIA F. Ocr. Papilio (_Danai Candidi_) L. Pieris Shk. Ltr. _Battus_ Scp. _Ascia_ Scp. _Mancipia_ Hü. ---- Brassicæ i. 189. ii. 11, 448, 470. iv. 228. ---- Cardamines iii. 253, 258, 301. iv. 523. ---- Daplidice iv. 301. ---- Napi iv. 299. ---- Rapæ i. 191. iii. 185.

PSYCHE Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. Ltr. _Canephoræ_ Hü. ---- graminella i. 461. ---- vestita iii. 256, 307. iv. 165. ---- viciella i. 461.

PTEROPHORUS Gff. F. Ltr. _Phalæna_ (Alucita) L. _Alucitæ_ Hü. i. 10. iv. 347. ---- monodactylus iv. 271. ---- hexadactylus iii. 641.

PYRALIS F. Ltr. Phalæna (_Pyralis_) L. iii. 139, 174. ---- frumentalis i. 180. ---- Rhexiæ i. 185. ---- _strigulalis_ (Bryophila) iii. 231.

RECURVARIA Hth. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. Tinea F. Ltr. ---- sarcitella i. 232.

SATURNIA Shk. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Attacus) L. _Attacus_ Ltr. Bombyx F. _Herææ_ Hü. iii. 636. ---- Carpini i. 336. iii. 186. ---- Io iii. 180. ---- Pyri i. 336. ii. 248. iii. 104. ---- Spini iii. 80, 150, 216, 278. iv. 219.

SEMASIA Stn. _Phalæna_ (Tortrix) L. _Pyralis_ F. Ltr. Tortrix Hü. Erminea. ---- Pomonella iii. 123. ---- Wœberana i. 200, 383.

SESIA Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. _Ægeria_ F. _Trochilium_ Scp. Stn. ii. 349. iv. 348. ---- apiformis i. 212, 383. ---- crabroniformis i. 211.

SMERINTHUS Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. _Laothoë_ F. _Spectrum_ Scp. _Amorphæ_ Hü. ---- ocellatus iii. 145, 652. ---- Populi iii. 185. ---- Tiliæ iii. 187, 268. iv. 69.

SPHINX L. &c. i. 307. ii. 234, 350. iii. 330. ---- Auchenolus iii. 35. ---- Carolina i. 185. ---- Convolvuli iii. 254. ---- Iatrophæ iii. 145, 484. ---- Labruscæ iii. 145. ---- Ligustri iii. 187, 254, 265. ---- Phœnix iii. 647.

SPILOSOMA Stn. Cts. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. _Bombyx_ F. _Euprepia_ Ocr. _Hypercampa_ Hü. _Chelonia_ Gdt. Ltr. _Diaphora_ Stn. Arctia. ---- erminea iii. 174. ---- lubricipeda iv. 301, 580. ---- mendica (_Diaphora_) iii. 265. ---- ocularia iii. 175. iv. 341.

STAUROPUS Grm. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. _Harpyia_ Ocr. _Andriæ_ Hü. ---- Fagi ii. 251. iii. 133, 231.

THECLA F. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Rurales) L. _Pterourus_? Scp. _Polyommatus_ Ltr. _Cupido_ Shk. _Rustici_ Hü. Hesperia. ---- Betulæ iii. 206. ---- Jarbas ii. 251. ---- Pruni iv. 302. ---- Rubi iii. 206.

THYATIRA Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- derasa i. 386.

TINEA F. Ltr. _Tinæa_ Gff. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. i. 463. iii. 136. ---- corticella i. 199. ---- _granella_ i. 32, 172. ---- _Hordei_ i. 174. ---- insectella i. 241. ---- occultella iii. 41. ---- oleella i. 203. ---- palliatella i. 459. ---- pellionella i. 232, 386. ---- serratella i. 16, 459. ---- tapetzella i. 232, 386. ---- vestianella i. 232.

TORTRIX Hü. _Phalæna_ (Tortrix) L. _Pyralis_ F. Ltr. iii. 136, 282. ---- Avellana iv. 298. ---- chlorana iii. 277. ---- fasciana i. 205. ---- prasinana iii. 216, 277. ---- tuberculana iii. 229. ---- vitana i. 205.

TRICHODA Hü. _Phalæna_ (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. _Gastropacha_ Ocr. Lasiocampa Shk. _Clisiocampa_ Cts. ---- castrensis (_Lasiocampa_) ii. 427. iii. 80, 102. ---- Neustria ii. 22. iii. 80, 104.

URANIA F. Ltr. _Papilio_ (Equites Achivi) L. iii. 629. ---- Leilus iii. 178, 180, 258. ---- Patroclus iii. 641. ---- Riphæus iii. 641.

URIATA Kby. _Papilio_ (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. Hesperia Cuv. F. Ltr. ---- Proteus (_Uria_) iii. 255, 641, 645.

VANESSA F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (_Nymphales Phalerati_) L. _Battus_ Scp. _Graphium_ Scp. _Hamadryades_ Hü. iii. 653, 683, 689. ---- Antiopa iv. 498. ---- Atalanta iii. 84, 114, 178. ---- C. album i. 10. iii. 258. ---- Io ii. 437. iii. 213. iv. 232. ---- Polychloros iii. 110. ---- Urticæ iii. 101, 252. iv. 230, 555.

XANTHIA Hü. Ocr. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- Citrago iii. 651. ---- Fulvago iii. 651. ---- Ochraceago i. 383.

XYLINA Ocr. Xylenæ Hü. _Phalæna_ (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. ---- conspicillaris iv. 324. ---- exoleta iii. 188. ---- Linariæ i. 383. iii. 254. ---- Polyodon iv. 313. ---- radicea ii. 431.

YPSOLOPHUS (_Hypsolophus_) F. _Phalæna_ (Tinea) L. Tinea Hü. _Alucita_ Ltr. ---- granellus i. 174.

ZYGÆNA F. Ocr. Ltr. _Sphinx_ L. _Anthrocera_ Scp. Stn. i. 202. iii. 645. ---- Filipendulæ ii. 286. iii. 194, 227.

Order x. DIPTERA. iv. 390.

ANTHOMYIA Mgn. Ltr. Musca L. F. i. 230. ---- canicularis i. 137. ii. 272. ---- meteorica i. 148. ---- Radicum i. 189.

ANTHRAX F. Ltr. Mgn. _Musca_ L. iii. 643.

ASILUS L. &c. i. 396. iii. 37, 247. ----crabroniformis ii. 248, 357.

ASPISTES Hff. Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. ----berolinensis iv. 424.

BERIS Ltr. Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Stratyomis_ F. ----clavipes iii. 67, 336.

BIBIO Gff. Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. Hirtea F. iii. 666. iv. 571. ----hortulana i. 194. ----Marci (_Hirtea_) ii. 357.

BOMBYLIUS L. &c. ii. 379. iii. 643.

CECIDOMYIA Ltr. Mgn. _Tipula_ L. Chironomus F. i. 28, 211, 450. ----Barbareæ i. 451. ----Destructor iv. 227. ----Juniperi iv. 227. ----Loti i. 451. ----pennicornis i. 298. ----Tritici i. 172.

CERIA F. Ltr. Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Syrphus_ Rss. iv. 325.

CEROPLATUS Bc. F. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Platyura_ Mgn. ----tipuloides iv. 137.

CHIONEA Dn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. ----araneoides iii. 441.

CHIRONOMUS Mgn. F. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. i. 467. ii. 6. iv. 571. ----plumosus iii. 143, 153, 287. ----stercorarius ii. 275, 280.

CONOPS L. F. Ltr. Mgn. _Asilus_ Gff. _Empis_ Scp. iii. 467.

CORETHRA Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Chironomus_ F. ----crystallina iii. 111, 114. ----culiciformis ii. 282. iii. 248. iv. 67.

CRATERINA Olf. _Hippobosca_ L. F. Ornithomyia Ltr. _Stenepteryx_ Lch. ----Hirundinis i. 111. iii. 101.

CTENOPHORA Mgn. F. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. Ctenocera i. 259. iii. 448. ----pectinicornis iii. 246, 248.

CULEX L. &c. i. 112. iii. 82, 242, 286. iv. 425. ----annulatus i. 117. ----equinus i. 148. ----pipiens i. 113. ii. 281, 356.

CUTEREBRA Clk. Ltr. _Œstrus_ L. F. i. 166.

DILOPHUS Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Hirtea_ F. _Bibio_ Ol. iii. 369.

DIOCTRIA Mgn. F. Ltr. _Asilus_ L. _Erax_ Scp. ---- œlandica i. 274.

DIOPSIS L. &c. iii. 500. iv. 324.

DOLICHOPUS Ltr. F. Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Nemotelus_ DeG. ---- nobilitatus iv. 55.

ECHINOMYIA Du. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Tachina_ F. Mgn. ---- grossa iii. 37. iv. 50, 156.

EMPIS L. &c. i. 275, 396. iv. 571. ---- chioptera iii. 336. ---- pennipes iii. 673.

ERISTALIS Ltr. F. Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Helophilus_ Ltr. Elophilus iii. 478. iv. 351. ---- intricarius iv. 232. ---- tenax i. 256. iii. 550. iv. 196.

GASTEROPHILUS (_Gastrophilus_) Lch. Œstrus L. F. Clk. Ltr.? _Gastrus_ Mgn. iv. 66. ---- Equi i. 147, 253, 341. ---- hæmorrhoidalis i. 147.

HÆMATOPOTA Mgn. F. Ltr. _Tabanus_ L. iii. 325, 484. ---- pluvialis i. 110.

HELOPHILUS Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Eristalis_ F. Ltr.? Elophilus iii. 273. ---- pendulus i. 140. iii. 137. iv. 52.

HEPTATOMA Mgn. Ltr. F. _Tabanus_ L. iii. 325, 484.

HILARA Mgn. Ltr. Empis L. F. _Bibio_ Pnz. ---- maura ii. 7, 369.

HIPPOBOSCA L. &c. ii. 306. iii. 64, 471. ---- equina i. 149. ii. 224. iii. 65.

LEPTIS Mgn. F. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Nemotelus_ DeG. _Asilus_ Gff. Rhagio i. 267. iii. 477. ---- Vermileo i. 431. ii. 281. iv. 388.

LIMNOBIA Mgn. Ltr. Tipula L. F. ---- replicata ii. 273. iii. 116.

MERODON Mgn. Ltr. _Musca_ L. Eristalis F. ---- Narcissi i. 194.

MESEMBRINA Mgn. Musca L. F. _Eristalis_ F. _Volucella_ Ltr. _Syrphus_ Pnz. ---- meridiana iii. 89, 122. ---- mystacea ii. 241.

MUSCA L. F. Mgn. _Anthomyia_ Mgn. i. 396. iii. 325, 583. ---- Cæsar i. 257, 388. ---- domestica i. 48. ii. 357, 466. ---- _Hordei_ i. 173. ---- maculata iv. 297. ---- pagana iii. 643. ---- vomitoria i. 257. iv. 236, 263.

MYCETOPHILA Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Sciara_ F. _Musca_ Vll. ii. 7. iii. 234.

MYOPA F. Mgn. Ltr. _Conops_ L. _Asilus_ Gff. _Sicus_ Scp. _Stomoxoides_ Shf. ---- buccata iii. 479.

NEMOTELUS Gff. F. Ltr. Mgn. _Musca_ L. _Stratyomis_ Rss. iii. 478.

ŒSTRUS L. &c. i. 151, 153. iii. 181, 205. ---- Bovis i. 150. ---- Hominis i. 136. ---- nasalis i. 160. ---- Ovis i. 158. iii. 643. ---- pictus i. 159. ---- Tarandi. i. 160. ---- veterinus i. 161.

OINOPOTA Kby. _Musca_ L. _Anthomyia_ Ltr.? Mgn. ---- ventralis i. 230 (_cellaris_).

ORNITHOMYIA Ltr. _Hippobosca_ L. F. i. 385. ii. 506. ---- avicularia i. 111. iii. 506. iv. 87.

OSCINIS Ltr. F. Musca L. _Dacus_ F. ---- cellaris i. 230, 384. ---- Frit i. 174. ---- Germinationis iv. 499. ---- lineata i. 174. ---- Oleæ i. 203. ---- Pumilionis i. 169, 173.

OXYPTERUM Lch. Hippobosca L. F. _Ornithomyia_ Ltr. ---- Kirbyanum i. 152.

PHASIA Ltr. _Musca_ L. Thereva F. Mgn. ---- subcoleoptrata iii. 619.

PSYCHODA Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Trichoptera_ Mgn. _Bibio_ F. _Tinearia_ Shl. iii. 632, 644. iv. 425.

RHINGIA Scp. F. Mgn. Ltr. _Conops_ L. _Musca_ DeG. _Volucella_ Gff. iii. 478.

SARCOPHAGA Mgn. Musca L. F. Ltr. iii. 65. ---- carnaria i. 257. iii. 63, 201. iv. 49, 170.

SCATOPHAGA Mgn. F. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Pyropa_ Il. _Scatomyza_ Fln. i. 386. ---- Ceparum i. 192. ---- scybalaria i. 275. ---- stercoraria i. 275. iii. 96, 299.

SCATOPSE Gff. Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. Penthetria i. 152. iii. 632.

SCIARA Mgn. F. _Tipula_ L. _Molobrus_ Ltr. iii. 477. ---- Thomæ iii. 67.

SEIOPTERA Kby. _Musca_ L. _Ortalis_ Mgn. _Tephritis_ Ltr. F. ---- vibrans ii. 301, 355.

SEPEDON Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Bacchæ_ F. _Syrphus_ Rss. _Mulio_ Shl. iii. 258.

SEPSIS Fln. Mgn. Musca L. _Tephritis_ F. _Micropeza_ Ltr. ---- cynipsea ii. 241.

SICUS Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Tachydromia_ Mgn. F. ---- flavipes iii. 666.

SIMULIUM Ltr. _Simulia_ Mgn. Culex L. _Rhagio_, _Scatopse_ F. _Atractocera_ Pnz. _Tipula_ DeG. _Bibio_ Ol. _Hirtea_ Shl. i. 112, 118. iv. 495. ---- columbaschense i. 152. ---- maculatum i. 152. ---- reptans i. 128.

STOMOXYS Gff. F. Mgn. Ltr. _Conops_ L. _Musca_ DeG. _Empis_ Scp. i. 118, 253. iii. 469. ---- calcitrans i. 49, 110, 146.

STRATYOMIS Gff. F. Mgn. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Hirtea_ Scp. i. 385. iv. 351. ---- Chamæleon ii. 227, 282. iii. 99, 172, 258. iv. 54, 79.

SYRPHUS Ol. Mgn. Ltr. _Musca_ L. Scæva F. ii. 272. iii. 296, 702. iv. 138. ---- arcuatus iv. 131. ---- Pyrastri i. 387, 399. ii. 277. iii. 143. iv. 96. ---- Ribesii iii. 299.

TABANUS L. &c. iii. 225, 466, 501. ---- bovinus iii. 37, 478. ---- rusticus i. 146. ---- tarandinus i. 162.

TACHINA Mgn. Musca L. F. Ltr. ---- Larvarum i. 190, 270. iv. 231.

TANYPUS Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. _Chironomus_ F. ---- maculatus iii. 137. iv. 55. ---- monilis ii. 275. iii. 143.

TEPHRITIS Ltr. F. _Musca_ L. _Ortalis_ Mgn. ---- Cerasi i. 198.

TETANOCERA Du. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Scatophaga_ F. _Dictya_ Mgn. Phasia. ---- marginata iv. 299.

THEREVA F. Mgn. _Conops_ L. _Musca_ Shf. _Phasia_ Ltr. _Syrphus_ Rss. ---- hemiptera iii. 501.

TIPULA L. &c. i. 56. iii. 67, 122, 557, 679. iv. 571. ---- _amphibia_ ii. 279. iii. 137, 143. ---- cornicina i. 182. ---- crocata ii. 355, 378. ---- gigantea iii. 36. ---- lunata iii. 248. ---- oleracea i. 182, 252. ii. 357, 364, 448. iii. 284. ---- variegata ii. 363.

TRICHOCERA Mgn. Ltr. _Tipula_ L. F. ---- hyemalis ii. 438.

TRYPETA Mgn. _Musca_ L. Tephritis Ltr. F. ---- Cardui i. 450. iii. 273.

TYROPHAGA Kby. Cts. Musca L. _Piophila_ Mgn. Tephritis F. Ltr. ---- casei (_putris_) i. 229, 310. ii. 280.

VOLUCELLA Gff. Ltr. Mgn. Musca L. Syrphus F. i. 267. ii. 220. iii. 153. ---- bombylans ii. 221. ---- plumata ii. 277. iii. 137.

XYLOPHAGUS Mgn. F. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Nemotelus_ DeG. _Asilus_ Shl. iii. 643.

XYLOTA Mgn. Ltr. _Musca_ L. _Milesia_ F. Eumerus. ---- pipiens iv. 210.

Order xi. APHANIPTERA. iv. 391.

PULEX L. &c. i. 49. iii. 656. ---- irritans i. 100. ---- penetrans i. 49, 101.

Order xii. APTERA. iv. 392[1697].

Suborder i. HEXAPODA. iv. 392.

LEPISMA L. &c. iii. 106, 160, 167. ---- saccharina iii. 23.

MACHILIS Ltr. _Lepisma_ L. F. _Forbicina_ Gff. iii. 168, 391, 714. ---- polypoda ii. 316. iii. 23, 498.

MELITTOPHAGUS Kby. Pediculus L. F. ---- Melittæ i. 163. iii. 163.

MELOPHAGUS Ltr. _Hippobosca_ L. F. _Melophila_ Ntz. i. 157. iii. 23, 471. ---- ovinus iii. 65.

NIRMUS Hrm. Ltr. _Pediculus_ L. F. _Ricinus_ DeG. i. 163. iii. 97, 104. iv. 232. ---- Anseris iii. 489, 575. ---- Fringillæ iii. 513. ---- Pavonis iii. 320.

NYCTERIBIA Ltr. F. _Acarus_ L. _Hippobosca_ Vgt. _Phthiridium_ Hrm. iii. 20, 472, 656. ---- Vespertilionis i. 385. ii. 307. iii. 65.

PEDICULUS L. &c. i. 85. ---- _Apis_ iv. 232. ---- _cerambycinus_ iv. 234. ---- coccineus iv. 234. ---- Gryllotalpæ iv. 234. ---- humanus i. 83. ---- ricinoides i. 88. ---- rostratus iv. 234.

PHTHIRUS Lch. Ltr. _Pediculus_ L. F. iii. 26.

PODURA L. &c. iii. 168, 714. ---- aquatica ii. 315. ---- nivalis ii. 440.

SMINTHURUS Ltr. _Podura_ L. F. iii. 168, 714. ---- fuscus ii. 315, 319. */

Suborder ii. OCTOPODA. iv. 393.

ACARUS L. &c. i. 88. iii. 4, 8. ---- destructor i. 96, 241. ---- Dysenteriæ i, 90. ---- Farinæ i. 228. ---- Lactis i. 88, 97. ---- marginatus i. 141 ---- Scabiei i. 92, 95. ii. 328. ---- Siro i. 229, 310. ii. 226, 328. ---- vibrans ii. 302.

ASTOMA Ltr. _Acarus_ L. F. iii. 107, 653. ---- parasiticum iv. 237.

CARIS Ltr. _Acarus_ L. iii. 107, 653.

CHEILETUS Ltr. Acarus L. F. ---- eruditus i. 240. iii. 107.

CHELIFER Gff. Ltr. _Phalangium_ L. _Scorpio_ F. iii. 26, 657, 703. ---- cancroides ii. 365. iv. 236.

ERYTHRÆUS Ltr. Acarus L. _Gamasus_ F. _Trombidium_ Hrm. ---- telarius i. 203.

EYLAIS Ltr. _Acarus_ L. _Atax_ F. iv. 514.

GAMASUS F. Ltr. Acarus L. Hrm. _Trombidium_ Hrm. ---- Baccarum ii. 307. ---- Coleoptratorum iv. 234. ---- Gymnopterorum i. 163. ii. 265. ---- motatorius ii. 302.

GONYLEPTES Kby. Ltr. _Phalangium_ L. F. iii. 31, 37, 668, 701.

HYDRACHNA Mü. Ltr. _Acarus_ L. _Atax_ F. ii. 360. iv. 235, 514. ---- abstergens iii. 84, 92.

IXODES F. Ltr. Acarus L. iii. 472. ---- americanus i. 105. iii. 89. ---- Reduvius ii. 328. ---- Ricinus i. 104, 288. ii. 304.

LEPTUS Ltr. Acarus L. _Gamasus_ F. _Pediculus_ Scp. _Trombidium_ Hrm. iii. 653. ---- autumnalis i. 96, 103. ---- Phalangii iv. 237.

LIMNOCHARES Lch. _Acarus_ L. _Trombidium_ F. Hrm. iv. 514.

NYMPHON Ltr. F. _Phalangium_ L. _Pycnogonum_. O. F. ---- grossipes i. 166.

OBSIDIUM Lch. _Phalangium_ L. _Chelifer_ Gff. Ltr. _Scorpio_ F. iv. 398.

OCYPETE Lch. _Acarus_ L. iii. 107, 653.

PHALANGIUM L. F. _Opilio_ Hst. ii. 305, 329. iii. 461, 685. ---- cornutum iv. 238. ---- Opilio iii. 659. iv. 121.

TROMBIDIUM Hrm. F. _Acarus_ L. i. 89. iii. 95. iv. 320. ---- _aquaticum_ i. 393. ---- holosericeum i. 326. iii. 491. ---- tinctorium i. 326.

UROPODA Ltr. Acarus L. _Gamasus_ F. ---- vegetans i. 392. ii. 227. iii. 92. iv. 234.

Suborder iii. POLYPODA. iv. 394.

CERMATIA II. _Scolopendra_ L. F. Scutigera Lam. Ltr. _Iulus_ Pls. iii. 578, 685, 702. iv. 48.

CRASPEDOSOMA Lch. Ltr. _Iulus_ L. F. iii. 493, 653.

GEOPHILUS Lch. Ltr. Scolopendra L. F. ---- electricus i. 186, 259. ii. 225, 419. iv. 19. ---- phosphoreus ii. 415.

GLOMERIS Ltr. _Iulus_ L. F. _Oniscus_ Grn. F. _Armadillo_ Cuv. iv. 478.

IULUS L. &c. iii. 22, 25, 657. iv. 48, 418. ---- fœtidissimus iv. 148. ---- fuscus iii. 653. ---- maximus iii. 653. ---- sabulosus iii. 653. ---- terrestris ii. 241, 304. iii. 180. iv. 134.

LITHOBIUS Lch. Ltr. Scolopendra L. F. Hrm. ---- forficatus ii. 305. iii. 492.

POLLYXENUS (_Polyxenus_) Ltr. _Scolopendra_ L. F. _Iulus_ DeG. iii. 653. ---- lagurus iii. 107.

POLYDESMUS Ltr. _Iulus_ L. F. _Scolopendra_ Gff. iii. 395, 653. ---- complanatus i. 186. iii. 498.

SCOLOPENDRA L. &c. iii. 37. iv. 418, 571. ---- alternata iv. 48. ---- morsitans i. 126. iii. 490. iv. 16.

Class II. ARACHNIDA. iii. 30.

Order i. ARANEIDEA. iv. 396.

AGELENE Wlk. Ltr. Aranea L. F. ---- labyrinthica i. 420.

ARANEA L. &c. iii. 25, 27, 31. ---- arundinacea i. 422. ---- calycina i. 422. ---- domestica iv. 99. ---- _edulis_ i. 311. ---- _obtextrix_ ii. 340. ---- latens i. 420.

ARGYRONETA Ltr. Wlk. Aranea L. F. iii. 492. ---- aquatica i. 424, 470. iii. 398.

CARKINODES Kby. _Aranea_ L. F. Epeira Wlk. Ltr. ---- aculeata iii. 705. ---- cancriformis iii. 396, 705.

CLUBIONA Ltr. Wlk. Aranea L. F. iii. 490. ---- atrox i. 422. ---- holosericea i. 363, 422.

CTENIZA Ltr. Aranea L. F. Sau. Mygale Wlk. ---- cæmentaria i. 423, 467. iii. 491. ---- Sauvagesii (_Mygale_) i. 470.

DOLOMEDES Ltr. Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 492.

DRASSUS Wlk. Ltr. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 490.

DYSDERA Ltr. Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 489.

EPEIRA Wlk. Ltr. Aranea L. F. ---- Diadema i. 405, 412. iii. 491. ---- conica i. 419. ---- fasciata iii. 71. ---- reticulata i. 415.

ERESUS Wlk. Ltr. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 492.

LATRODECTUS Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. Theridion Ltr. iii. 492.

LYCOSA Ltr. Wlk. Aranea L. F. i. 363, 491. ---- pyratica i. 423. ---- saccata i. 361, 423. ---- Tarentula i. 127. iii. 490.

MYGALE Wlk. Ltr. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 37, 40, 491. ---- avicularia i. 422. iii. 490, 492. ---- calpeiana iii. 490.

NYSSUS Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. Ltr. ---- coloripes iii. 492.

PHOLCUS Wlk. Ltr. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 492, 681.

SALTICUS Ltr. Aranea L. F. _Attus_ Wlk. ---- scenicus i. 424. ii. 312.

SCYTODES Ltr. Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 489.

SEGESTRIA Ltr. Wlk. Aranea L. F. iii. 489. ---- perfida iii. 492. ---- senoculata i. 421.

SPARASSUS Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. _Micrommata_ Ltr. iii. 492.

SPHASUS Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. _Oxyopes_ Ltr. iii. 490, 492.

STORENA Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. Ltr. iii. 492.

TETRAGNATHA Ltr. Wlk. _Aranea_ L. F. iii. 492.

THERIDIUM Wlk. Ltr. Aranea L.F. ---- bipunctatum i. 421. ---- tredecimguttatum i. 127, 277, 420.

THOMISUS Wlk. Ltr. Aranea L. F. iii. 71. ---- venatorius i. 423, 470.

Order ii. SCORPIONIDEA. iv. 397.

SCORPIO L. &c. iii. 37, 695. iv. 61, 100, 133. ---- europæus iii. 343, 489. iv. 124. ---- maurus iii. 490. ---- occitanus iv. 123.

Order iii. GALEODEA. iv. 397.

GALEODES Ol. _Phalangium_ L. Solpuga Ltr. F. _Rhax_ Hrm. iii. 22, 683, 689. iv. 395. ---- araneoides i. 125. ---- fatalis i. 126. ---- intrepidus iii. 696.

Order iv. PHRYNIDEA. iv. 398.

PHRYNUS Ol. _Phalangium_ L. Tarantula Brn. F. iii. 31, 683. iv. 396.

THELYPHONUS Ltr. _Phalangium_ L. _Tarantula_ F. _Scorpio_ Grn. iii. 683, 703. iv. 396.

CRUSTACEA.

ARMADILLO Cuv. Ltr. Oniscus L. F. iii. 168. ---- ovalis iii. 653. ---- vulgaris i. 141. ii. 230. iii. 653. ---- zonatus iii. 493.

BOPYRUS Ltr. _Oniscus_ L. _Monoculus_ F. iv. 478.

CANCER L. &c. i. 300.

DAPHNIA Mü. Ltr. _Monoculus_ L. F. ---- pennata iv. 167.

LARUNDA Lch. _Oniscus_ L. _Cyamus_ Ltr. _Squilla_ DeG. _Pycnogonum_ F. iii. 27.

LIMNORIA Lch. Ltr. _Oniscus_ L. ---- terebrans i. 238.

ONISCUS L. &c. iii. 77, 168.

PORCELLIO Ltr. _Oniscus_ L. F. iii. 168. iv. 478.

THALASSINA Ltr. _Cancer_ L. _Astacus_ F. ---- Scorpio iii. 27.

N.B.--The reader is requested to observe that in the preceding Index, one object has been to point out, wherever it was possible, to what Linnean or Fabrician genus each of the genera included in it may be referred, though no species of it may have been known to those authors. Where a Synonym of any genus is printed in _Roman_ letters, it indicates that such genus is so denominated in the former Editions of this work. The first namer of a genus, together with any author who has written a monograph upon it, or on any tribe, and the more eminent systematists, are usually only quoted. If the reader finds any difference, as is sometimes the case, between the text and the Index, he will be pleased to correct the _former_ by the _latter_.--For instance, it was not discovered till too late, that the name _Uria_ was pre-occupied in Ornithology;--in the Index this name is altered to _Uriata_. Doubtful _species_ are printed in Italics.

FOOTNOTE:

[1697] It is to be observed, that the individuals of this Order belong some to _Mandibulata_, as _Nirmus_; others to _Haustellata_, as _Pediculus_; and others, as the _Polypoda_, in which the seven organs of a perfect mouth are multiplied, properly to neither of these subclasses.

ABBREVIATIONS, USED IN THE ABOVE INDEX, EXPLAINED.

_Acs._ Acharius. _Afz._ Afzelius. _Ahr._ Ahrens. _Blb._ Billberg. _Bjr._ Bjerkander. _Bn._ Bonelli. _Bc._ Bosc. _Bng._ Brongniart. _Brn._ Brown. _Chr._ Charpentier. _Cst._ Christ. _Cl._ Clairville. _Ck._ Clark. _Cqt._ Coquebert. _Cts._ Curtis. _Cuv._ Cuvier. _Czn._ Czenpinski. _Dg._ Dahlberg. _Dn._ Dalman. _DeG._ DeGeer. _DeJ._ DeJean. _DeL._ Delatour. _Dny._ Denny. _Ds._ Dorthes. _Dft._ Duftschmidt. _Du._ Dumeril. _F._ Fabricius. _Fln._ Fallen. _Fch._ Fischer. _Frö._ Frölich. _Gff._ Geoffroy. _Grm._ Germar. _Gml._ Gmelin. _Gdt._ Godart. _Grv._ Gravenhorst. _Grn._ Gronovius. _Gyl._ Gyllenhal. _Hgn._ Hagenbach. _Hth._ Haworth. _Hel._ Hellenius. _Hlw._ Hellwig. _Hst._ Herbst. _Hrm._ Hermann. _Hff._ Hoffmanseg. _Hp._ Hoppe. _Ho._ Host. _Hbr._ Huber. _Hü._ Hübner. _Il._ Illiger. _Jur._ Jurine. _Kby._ Kirby. _Kg._ Klug. _Kn._ Knoch. _Kgn._ Kugellan. _Lg._ Lagus. _Lai._ Laichart. _Lam._ Lamarck. _Lsp._ Laspeyres. _Ltr._ Latreille. _Lx._ Laxman. _Lch._ Leach. _Lwn._ Lewin. _Ltn._ Lichtenstein. _L._ Linnæus. _M^cL._ MacLeay. _Mm._ Marsham. _Mg._ Megerle. _Mgn._ Meigen. _Mü._ Müller. _Ntz._ Nitzsch. _Ocr._ Ochsenheimer. _Olf._ Olfers. _Ol._ Olivier. _O. F._ Otho Fabricius. _P. de B._ Pal. de Beauvois. _Pls._ Pallas. _Pnz._ Panzer. _Pk._ Paykull. _Pck._ Peck. _Prs._ Preysler. _Qu._ Quenzel. _Rss._ Rossi. _Slb._ Sahlberg. _St F._ Saint Fargeau. _Sam._ Samouelle. _Sau._ Sauvages. _Sv._ Savi. _Shf._ Schæffer. _Sha._ Schaller. _Sch._ Schönherr. _Shr._ Schreiber. _Shü._ Schüppe _Scp._ Scopoli. _Shl._ Shellenberg. _Shk._ Shrank. _Sp._ Spence. _Spn._ Spinola. _Stn._ Stephens. _St._ Steven. _Stl._ Stoll. _Stm._ Sturm. _Slz._ Sulzer. _Swd._ Swederus. _Thn._ Thunberg. _Tts._ Treitschke. _Vll._ Villers. _Vo._ Voet. _Vgt._ Voigt. _Wlk._ Walckenaer. _Web._ Weber. _Wi._ Wilkin. _Wlf._ Wolf. _Zgl._ Ziegler.

FOREIGN PROVINCIAL NAMES AND TERMS.

Aguautle i. 301. Alkermes i. 319. Asseen i. 334.

Bamburos i. 330. Bedeguar i. 448. iv. 225. Bemärkelse-mask i. 33. Bête de la Vierge i. 266. Bête Rouge i. 104. Blaazops ii. 391. Brulot i. 110. Brumm-Vogel ii. 374. Byer i. 334.

Cadelle i. 172. iii. 142. Cafafi i. 128. Cancrelas i. 269. Cangrejos ii. 412. Cantaride de' Gigli ii. 257. Chenille i. 185. Cheveux de Florence i. 287. Chigoe i. 49, 101. Chinche i. 106. Choni-la-chu i. 327. Ciron des paupières i. 88. Clairène iv. 213. Coddia i. 123. Comegen i. 241. Cooltee i. 177. Coya or Coyba i. 132. Cucuij ii. 408. Cupia i. 309.

Demoiselles i. 276. Dibben Fashook i. 315. Dragées iv. 213. Droguers or Draguers i. 248. Dupions iii. 218.

Faux Couvain iv. 211. Fils de la Vierge ii. 331.

Gards-drag ii. 271. Gram i. 177. Grillo ii. 297. Grugru i. 302.

Harpions iv. 212. Heer-wurm ii. 8. Hufen i. 168. Hummel-Biene i. 378.

Jiggers i. 101. Joharré i. 173.

Kakerlac i. 263. Kan-la-chu i. 327. Kermes i. 319. Koloo i. 177.

Lierman ii. 399. Luzette or Luisette iv. 213.

Macauco i. 303. Mantas blancas i. 128. Maringouins i. 112. Morts blancs iv. 212. Mosquito i. 112, 118. Moustique i. 112. Moutac i. 303. Muscardine iv. 213.

Nigua i. 101. Nopaleros i. 322. Noya i. 123.

Passis iv. 212. Paxtle i. 322. Pela i. 327. Pique i. 101.

Quabirámy' i. 329.

Rouge (La) iv. 212. Rouleuses iii. 206.

Sackträger i. 461. iii. 251. Saftmaal i. 297. Semilla i. 322. Skarnbosse i. 34. Stâkra i. 149. Stamm-raupe ii. 428. Sultan Jaraad ii. 17.

Tama-joura i. 309. Tardigrade iii. 22. Teignes à fourreau à manteau i. 459. Temazealla i. 323. Temporaneros i. 118. Tendaraman i. 127. Tets de choux i. 189. Tola or Thola i. 319. Torbist i. 34. Touffe iv. 212. Tripes iv. 212. Tsalt-salya i. 153. Tuna de Castilla i. 322. Tungua i. 101. Tusseldhootie i. 334.

Vaches à Dieu i. 266. Vinaigrier i. 67. Voupristi i. 156.

Wurm-tröchniss i. 213.

Zancudo i. 118. Zimb i. 153. ii. 376.

ENGLISH INDEX.

_Abstinence_ of insects, i. 398.

_Acariasis_, disease so called, i. 97; iv. 232, 234.

_Acid_, acetic, iv. 144: bombic, iv. 145: formic, iv. 144: malic, iv. 144.

_Acorns_, attacked by insects, i. 214.

_Acridophagi_, i. 304.

_Ælian_, iv. 435.

_Aëroscepsy_, iii. 46; iv. 248, 253.

_Affinity_, iv. 366: object of, 411.

_Air-reservoirs_, iv. 54, 191.

_Aldrovandus_, iv. 438.

_Anableps_, singular fish, iii. 498.

_Amnios_ and _Chorion_, analogue of in insects, iii. 61.

_Analogies_ in nature, kinds of, iv. 427: object of, 417: scale of in insects, 421.

_Analogies_, i. 7; iv. 414.

_Analogy_, argument from, iv. 245.

_Analysis_ (chemical) of insect substance, iii. 394.

_Anbury_, i. 450.

_Animals_, classifications of, iii. 2.

---- annulose, iii. 13; iv. 436: insectivorous, i. 261.

_Ant_, black, ii. 48: fire, i. 122: green, 122: hill or horse, 234; ii. 48, 96: jet, 48, 97: mason, 96: miner, 79: parasol, i. 209: red, ii. 48, 69: rufescent, 76: sanguine, 81: sugar, i. 183: turf, ii. 93: visitation, i. 123, 273: yellow, ii. 48, 89.

_Anteater_, i. 281.

_Antennæ_, iii. 508: whether analogous to ears, 46. iv. 240.

_Antipathies_, natural, i. 143.

_Antlion_, i. 425.

_Ants_, love of their young, i. 364: nests, 476: swarms, ii. 51: language, 59: wars, 68: slaves, 74: milch-cattle or _Aphides_, 87: emigrations, 91: recruits, 92: roads, 97: strength, 99: diversions,103: diseases of, iv. 208.

---- (white), ravages of, i. 244: nests, 506: history, ii. 31: colonies, 34: number of eggs, 36: soldiers, 39: sounds of, 41.

_Aphides._ See _Plant-lice_.

_Apparatus_ for taking and destroying insects, iv. 528.

_Apple_, attacked by insects, i. 199.

_Apricots_, attacked by insects, i. 202.

_Arachnida_, how they differ from insects, iii. 10: their respiration, iv. 60: circulation, 99: liver and intestinal canal, 122.

_Aristotle's_ system of animals, iii. 2: of insects, iv. 432.

_Armadillo_, feeds on locusts, i. 281.

_Armour_ (defensive) of insects, ii. 222.

_Arms_, fore legs why so called, iii. 544.

_Arrows_ (poisoned), how prepared, i. 133.

_Articulations_ of legs, iii. 654, 663, 669, 680.

_Artifices_ (defensive) of insects, ii. 254.

_Aspect_ (defensive) of insects, ii. 221.

_Ass_, remarkable anecdote of, ii. 496. note.

_Attitudes_ (defensive) of insects, ii. 229.

_Aurelia_, i. 65.

_Baits_, (insect) for Fishes, i. 286.

_Barley_, destroyed by insects, i. 173.

_Beans_ and _Peas_, destroyed by insects, i. 175.

_Bee_, carpenter, i. 436: clothier, i. 435: leaf-cutter, 36, 194, 442: mason, 438: poppy, 440.

_Bees_ (hive), affection for their young, i. 376: combs, 481: fables respecting, ii. 120: females, 122: larvæ of _workers_, how turned to _females_, 127: weight and bulk, 126: jealousy and battles of the female or queen, 140: her appearance how retarded, 144: homage paid her, 149: effects produced by the loss of her, 150: sound emitted by her, 383: fecundation, 169; iv. 167: swarms, ii. 158: males, number of, 168: slaughter of, 170: workers, tongue of, 174: wax-pockets, 175: collection of honey and pollen, 175: excursions, 184: scouts, 186: ventilation of their hive, 190: language, 197: anger and battles, 199, 204: enemies, i. 163; ii. 205: temperature, 209, 441; iv. 77: modifications of their instinct, ii. 475: degree of intellect, 489, 507; iv. 32: diseases, 211: kinds of, i. 330.

_Beetle_, pertinacity of one, ii. 232: asparagus, i. 192: bacon, i. 228: bloody-nose, ii. 244, 317: burying, i. 352; iv. 262: darkling, ii. 239: death-watch, i. 36; ii. 381: lily, 257: meal-worm, i. 227: oil, ii. 247: poplar, 242: rhinoceros, iv. 11: rove, i. 228; ii. 234, 241: turnip, i. 187: vine 204; iv. 512.

_Beetles_, blister, i. 38, 315; ii. 224: bombardier, 243; iv. 134, 149: capricorn, i. 235, 302; ii. 387: carnivorous, iv. 138: carrion, ii. 239: dung or pill, i. 351; ii. 231, 254; iii. 441, 455: elastic, ii. 313: herbivorous, iv. 138: knot-grass, 169: petalocerous, iv. 408: lamellicorn, iv. 251, 308, 435: predaceous, i. 271; ii. 317; iv. 401, 418: rove, ii. 234, 241, 302: stag, 221, 224; iv. 197: tiger, iii. 152: timber and labyrinth, i. 212, 235, 452; ii. 232: tortoise, ii. 258: water, i. 271; ii. 359; iii. 121, 455; iv. 263.

_Bile-vessels_ of insects, iv. 109.

_Black-jack_, what, i. 187.

_Blood_, showers of, caused by moths, i. 34: of insects, iv. 85, 97.

_Boatman_ (water), i. 107, 275.

_Bonnet_, iv. 455.

_Book-crab_, iv. 236.

_Books_, attacked by insects, i. 239.

_Bots_, i. 147.

_Boxes_ (store), described, iv. 537.

---- breeding, iv. 553.

_Brain_, _Acarus_ found in, i. 141: of insects, iv. 8.

_Breese_, i. 147.

_Bridle_, spinal, iv. 18.

_Bug_, bed, i. 106: chintz, 171: field, affection for its young, i. 359: harvest, 103: red, 185: water, i. 275; ii. 360: wheel, i. 108.

_Bugs_, galls of, i. 451: their scent, ii. 240.

_Buprestis_ of the ancients, what, i. 155.

_Butcher Bird_, i. 288.

_Butterflies_, blues, iii. 650: coppers, 650: fritillaries, 252, 651: skippers, ii. 301: Trojans and Grecians, iii. 302: mode in which their caterpillars suspend themselves when about to assume the pupa, 206.

_Butterfly_, admiral, iii. 84, 114: Adonis, i. 41; iii. 650: brimstone, 259: cabbage, i. 189; ii. 11; iv. 24, 228: Glanville fritillary, iii. 114: hawthorn, 98: large skipper, ii. 301: mountain, iii. 149: nettle, 252: orange-tip, 253: painted lady, 260: peacock, i. 9; iii. 213: purple emperor or high-flier, iv. 512, 530: silver-washed fritillary, iii. 252: swallow-tail, ii. 242, 291; iii. 212: tortoiseshell, iii. 110.

_Cabbage_ tribe, insect assailants of, i. 189.

_Cabinet_, directions for making, iv. 556.

_Camphor_, how to be used, iv. 559.

_Carrots_ and _Parsnips_, injured by a centipede, i. 185.

_Carus_ C. G. discovered a circulation in larvæ, &c. iv. 91.

_Case_ or _Caddis_ worms, i. 465; ii. 261, 298.

_Cased-nymphs_, i. 67.

_Catching_ insects, directions for, iv. 528.

_Caterpillars_, diseases of, iv. 214: how best destroyed, i. 30: how to preserve, 551: processionary, ii. 23: teazel, iii. 275: surveyors, attitudes of, ii. 233: what insects destroy, i. 268; iv. 228: spurious, ii. 285: clothing of, iii. 173.

_Cattle_, insects that attack, i. 145.

_Caul_ of insects, iv. 98, 151.

_Centipedes_, i. 126, 258, 311.

_Cephalopoda_, (Cuttle-fish) have three hearts, iii. 6.

_Chabrier_, eulogium of, iv. 186.

_Chafer_, carrion, ii. 386: cock, i. 178, 207; ii. 372: dung, 231, 237, 254: fern, 5: rose, 317: tree, 231.

_Cheese_ maggot, i. 229; ii. 280: mite, 226, 328.

_Cherry_, insects that attack, i. 197.

_Chestnut_, insects that attack, i. 203.

_Chrysalis_, i. 65.

_Cicada_, male, sound produced by, and its apparatus, ii. 398, 400.

_Circulation_, different modes of in the animal kingdom, iv. 81: whether any in insects, 86.

_Clairville's_ system, iv. 473.

_Classes_ of annulose animals, iii. 16; iv. 374: osculant, iii. 14.

_Climates_, insect, iv. 494.

_Clocks_ or _Dors_, ii. 306.

_Clover-seed_, destroyed by a weevil, i. 178.

_Cochineal_, i. 321.

_Cockroach_, i. 229, 242.

_Cocoon_, i. 68, 457; iii. 213: of bees, ii. 138: of saw-flies, 261: of Lepidoptera, iii. 274: of Ephemeræ, 395.

_Collar_ of certain insects, whether the analogue of the prothorax, iii. 546.

_Collier_, plant-louse of the bean, i. 176.

_Colours_ (brilliant), use of in insects, ii. 221.

_Commosis_, what? ii. 479.

_Concealment_, modes of in insects, ii. 254.

_Correlation_, iv. 366.

_Cossus_, Pliny's, i. 302.

_Cotton_, insects that injure, i. 185.

_Creation_, works of, have a double object, iv. 411.

_Crepuscular_ insects, iv. 525.

_Cricket_, field, ii. 393; iv. 110: house, i. 243; ii. 392: Indian, i. 243: mole, ii. 362, 394; iii. 584.

_Crop_ of insects, iv. 113, 115.

_Cuckow_, bee, i. 289: insects, 345.

_Cucumbers_, fecundated by bees, i. 299.

_Cupules_, iv. 179, 190.

_Currant_, insects that attack, i. 196.

_Cuvier's_ system, iv. 474.

_Dances_ of insects, ii. 5, 367.

_Death-watch_, i. 36; ii. 381.

_Deer_ infested by insects, i. 159.

_De Geer_ (Baron), system of, iv. 453.

_Developments_ of plants and animals, iii. 57.

_Devil's-horse_, ii. 218.

_Digger_ (entomological) described. iv. 529.

_Dimerous_ insects, iii. 684.

_Diptera_, three descriptions of, ii. 355.

_Diseases_ of insects:-- wounds, iv. 205: internal diseases, 208: parasitic, 214.

---- caused by lice, i. 83: by mites, 88: by larvæ, 97, 134.

_Dissection_ of insects, modes of, iv. 201.

_Distribution_ of insects:-- numerical, iv. 488: topographical, 494: local, 511.

_Diurnal_ insects, iv. 524.

_Dogs_, insects infesting, i. 162.

_Dors_, ii. 216, 306; iii. 332.

_Dragon_, flying, wings represent mid-legs of insects, iii. 591; iv. 428.

_Dragon-flies_, devourers of insects, i. 276: cloud of, ii. 10: wings of, ii. 350: remarkable apparatus of larva, &c., iii. 125: eyes of, 501.

_Drone_, or male bee, ii. 168.

_Drum_ of the cicada, ii. 400: of grasshoppers, 396.

_Dyes_ afforded by insects, i. 317.

_Earwigs_, common, sits on her eggs, i. 360: wings of, ii. 346: giant, ii. 234: lesser, iv. 527.

_Education_, effects of on ants and other insects, ii. 87; iv. 22.

_Eggs_ of insects, how fecundated, iv. 164: exclusion, iii. 66: situation, 70: substance, 86: number, 89: size, 90: growth, 91: shape, 93: sculpture, 97: colour, 99: gestation, iv. 168: have their parasites, iv. 219.

_Electricity_ affects gossamer web, iv. 137: excites insects, 141, 254.

_Emigrations_, of insects, ii. 7: of locusts, i. 225; ii. 14: of ants, ii. 91.

_Entomologist_, not cruel, i. 53: dress proper for, iv. 538.

_Entomology_, instances of its utility, i. 237: study of, value, 4: uses of a system of, 46.

_Entozoa nematoidea_, a kind of intestinal worms, iv. 237.

_Ephemeræ_, history of, i. 282: singular gyrations of, ii. 365: have an inner pupa case, iii. 295: respiratory organs, iv. 57: used as manure, i. 316.

_Eras_, entomological:-- of the ancients, iv. 430: of the revival of the science, 436: of Swammerdam and Ray, 441: of Linné, 447: of Fabricius, 460: of Latreille, 465: of MacLeay, 477.

_Evil_ (seeming), uses of, i. 250.

_Excrement_ of insects, iv. 125: larvæ of wasps, bees, &c. have none, 108, 116.

_Eyes_ of insects:-- simple, iii. 489: conglomerate, 492: compound, 493: structure of, 494: number, 497: situation, 499: figure, 500.

_Fabricius_, system of, iv. 461.

_Fishes_ insectivorous, i. 265, 289; ii. 272: attacked by an insect, i. 166.

_Flea_, i. 100: leap of, ii. 310: strength of, iv. 195.

_Flies_, singular disease of, iv. 209: aphidivorous, i. 399.

_Flowers_, insects that devour, i. 194.

_Fluid_ in _pseudo-cardia_ of insects, iv. 83, 90, note.

_Fly_, Abyssinian, i. 153: case-worm, ii. 301: cauliflower, i. 190: chamæleon, iii. 99; iv. 54: cheese, ii. 280: crane, 363; iii. 67; iv. 163: eye, i. 130: fire, i. 317; ii. 412, 422: flesh or carrion, i. 257; ii. 272, 357: forest, i. 149; ii. 306: gall, i. 317, 446; iv. 162: Hessian, i. 50, 170: horse, i. 109, 146: house, i. 129; ii. 357; 466, note: lace-winged, iii. 94: May, i. 282; ii. 236, 298: onion. i. 191: sand or burning, i. 110: scorpion, ii. 20, 56: snake, 305: swallow, i. 111: wheat, 169.

_Food_, insects that attack, i. 227: reservoir, iv. 104.

_Foot-cushions_ of insects, ii. 317, 322; iii. 691.

_Forceps_ described, iv. 533.

_Forest-trees_, insects attack, i. 207.

_Frog-hopper_ (froth), leaps of, ii. 311.

_Fungi_ parasitic on insects, iv. 215.

_Gad-fly_, deer and reindeer, i. 159: horse, 147: ox, 150: man, 136: rabbit, 166: sheep, 158.

----, has eight tracheæ, iv. 66.

_Gall-nuts_, i. 317, 446.

_Garments_, insects that attack, i. 232.

_Gecko_ (lizard), ii. 321.

_Gentles_, i. 64.

_Geometers_ or _Surveyors_, a kind of caterpillar, ii. 288; iv. 196.

_Gesner_, iv. 430.

_Gizzard_ of insects, iv. 106.

_Glow-worm_, common, ii. 405: iv. 149: Italian, ii. 420.

_Gnat_, agaric, ii. 7: common, i. 62, 112; ii. 281; iii. 82: gall, i. 211, 446: horse, 148: wheat, i. 28, 171: winter, ii. 438.

_Goliath_ beetles belt the globe, iv. 506.

_Gooseberry_, insects that attack, i. 196.

_Gossamer_ webs, ii. 330.

_Gould_ (Rev. W.), the historian of English ants, ii. 48.

_Grass_, insects that attack, i. 178: Indian, how made, i. 287, 337.

_Grasshopper_, ii. 390, 394: large green, i. 150; iv. 237.

_Gray_ (Mr.) characters of Linné's orders and genera of insects in Latin verse, iv. 457.

_Groups_ of animal kingdom, iv. 371: of insects, 398: characters of, 400: scale of, 402: composition of, 406: how to be investigated, 560: predominant, 500: dominant, 502: sub-dominant, 504: quiescent, 505: endemial, 506: osculant, iii. 12.

_Gyrations_ of insects, ii. 366.

_Habit_, what, iv. 564.

_Habitations_ of solitary insects, i. 434: of gregarious insects, 473.

---- curious ones of _Tineidæ_, i. 454.

_Hairs_, use of to aquatic insects, ii. 360.

_Handworm_, what, i. 92.

_Harvest-man_, iv. 121.

_Hawkmoth_, bee, i. 212: death's-head, 34, 164; ii. 237, 263: hornet, i. 212: humming-bird, ii. 365, 379: privet, 234, iii. 265: spurge, 265.

_Hawkmoths_, ii. 234, 251.

_Hearing_ of insects, organ of, iv. 244.

_Heart_ of insects, what represented by? iv. 83: of _Arachnida_, 99.

_Heat_ (vital) of insects, ii. 226: iv. 77.

_Heliocantharus_ of the ancients, i. 255. note.

_Herbage_ benefited by insects, i. 252.

_Herod_ (Agrippa) destroyed by larvæ, i. 98.

_Heteromerous_ insects, iii. 682.

_Honey_, i. 329; iv. 140.

---- _comb_, i. 482.

---- _dew_, i. 210.

_Hops_, insects that attack, i. 183.

_Hornet_, i. 121, 273.

_Horns_ of insects, use of, ii. 252.

_Horse_, insects that annoy, i. 145.

_Hovering_ of insects, ii. 364.

_Huber_, the historian of the hive-bee, i. 486.

---- P. the historian of ants, ii. 48.

_Humble-bees_, affection for their young, i. 378: mode of building their nests, 498: females, ii. 113: making cells, i. 499; ii. 116: males, 116: workers, 117: hive-bees persuade them to yield to them their honey, 117.

_Humeral_ piece of wings, iii. 619.

_Humming_ of insects, ii. 375; iii. 550, note.

---- in the air, ii. 373.

_Hybernation_ of insects:-- in the egg state, ii. 427: pupa state, 430: larva state, 431: perfect state, 432: places to which they resort for, 434: cold not the only cause of, 454.

_Hymenoptera_ (gregarious) not subject to the attack of ichneumons, iv. 225.

_Ichneumons_, i. 267; iv. 216, 230: how to extract from caterpillars, 554.

_Ignis fatuus_, ii. 417.

_Imago_, i. 68: motions-- walking, ii. 302: running, 306: jumping, 309: climbing, 316; against gravity, 318: flying, 342: swimming, &c., 359: burrowing, 361: development, iii. 290: hatched under a hen, iv. 555: sexual distinctions, iii. 298: age, 343.

_Insects_, apparatus for killing, iv. 540: annoyance of in what respects beneficial, i. 251: beneficial in removing nuisances; as dung, 254: carrion, 256: in keeping other insects, &c. within due limits, 261: as affording food to quadrupeds, 280: to reptiles, and fishes, 282: to birds, 287: to man, 301: as articles used in materia medica, 313: used for ornament, 317: as affording materials for dyeing, ink, &c., 317: as producing wax, 326: honey, 329: silk, 332: vitality of, ii. 446: cold and frost, effects upon, ii. 437, 446: definition of, iii. 28: breeding them, directions for, iv. 552: differ from _Crustacea_ and _Arachnida_, iii. 9: education, effects of upon, ii. 87: errors (vulgar) concerning, i. 33: _fossil_, iv. 570: _food_ of-- vegetable, i. 382; animal, 384; both animal and vegetable, 386; some univorous, 387; others omnivorous, 388; times of feeding, 391; organs by which they feed, 392; iii. 416: stratagems employed in procuring food-- by spiders, i. 403; by the ant-lion, 425; how best to _kill_ them when captured, iv. 536, 540: imitations they exhibit, i. 7; ii. 216: injuries they occasion to man, i. 80: other animals, 145; grain, 167; pulse, 175; herbage, 178; roots, 185; kitchen-garden, 189; flower garden, 194; fruit, 195; plantations, 207; to our food, 227; garments, 232; timber, 235; books and cabinets, 239: instincts, exquisiteness of, ii. 467; number of, 492; development of, 503: instruction afforded by insects, i. 16: integuments of, iii. 393: intellect of, ii. 507; iv. 21, 32: inventions they have anticipated, i. 14: means by which they defend themselves-- passive, ii. 216; active, 229: luminous insects, ii. 403: noxious, how to be destroyed, i. 28: number, (supposed) of insects existing, iv. 489: compared with that of plants, 489: of carnivorous and phytiphagous insects, 491: oviparous and ovo-viviparous insects, iii. 65: representative insects, iv. 508; rank of, 373: strength of, iv. 195: setting and preparing for cabinet, 543: table of relative size of, iii. 33: transformations of, i, 63: memory of, ii. 519.

_Insects_, proper and improper, ii. 303.

_Instinct_, change of in a spider, iv. 205, note.

_Itch_, cause of, i. 90.

_Itching_ produced by hairs of caterpillars, i. 130.

_Jaws_ of insects, i. 393: upper, iii. 313: under, 315.

_Jelly_, secreted by ditto, iv. 139.

_Journal_, entomological, how to make, iv. 569.

_Jurine_, system of, iii. 620; iv. 482.

_Kingdoms_ (animal and vegetable), analogies between, iv. 370: numerical arrangement of, 410.

_Knowledge_, two avenues to, i. 24.

_Lac_, an insect product, i. 324.

_Lady-bird_ or _Lady-cow_, i. 265; ii. 9, 227, 247.

_Lamarck_, system of animals, iii. 15: of insects, iv. 474.

_Lantern-fly_, noise of, ii. 397: whether luminous, 413.

_Larva_ of flies, i. 230: stinging, iii. 179: rat-tailed, i. 256: its respiratory apparatus, iv. 52.

_Larvæ_, substance of, iii. 110: head, 112: eyes, 116: antennæ, 118: mouth, 119: trunk and abdomen, 130: prolegs, 134: dorsal of gall-fly, ii. 278: appendages, iii. 144: figure, 155: kinds of, 159: primary forms of, 161: clothing of, 173: colour, 184: food of, 188: moulting, 189: growth of, 199: how they prepare to assume the pupa, 203: motions of apodous, ii. 269: of pedate, ii. 283.

_Latreille_, system of, iv. 465.

_Law_ (original) of the Creator, regulates the developments of insects, iii. 56.

_Leach_, Dr., system of, iv. 475.

_Legs_ of insects, parts of, ii. 283. iii. 660: number of, 652; ii. 307: acquisition of, by myriapods, iii. 23, 107, 159: antennæ supply the place of, ii. 308: relative location of, iii. 656: motatory, ii. 302.

_Lenses_, number of in compound eyes, iii. 494.

_Lepidoptera_, parasites of, iv. 228: colours, iii. 648: scales, 644.

_Linné_, system of animals, iii. 5: of insects, iv. 447.

_Lint_ collected by an ant, i. 315.

_Lister_, Dr. Martin, iv. 444.

_Liver_ of _Arachnida_, iv. 100, 122.

_Locusts_, ravages of, i. 215: followed by famine and pestilence, 217: benefits produced by, 252: used as food, 303: leap of, ii. 310: female killed by the male, iii. 347.

_Louse_, bat, ii. 307: bird, i. 163: iii. 97: common, i. 83: peacock, i. 163: sheep, i. 156: sugar, ii. 316: wood, 230.

----, leaf. See _Plant-louse_.

_Luminosity_ of insects, causes of, ii. 418; iv. 149.

_Lyonet_, anatomy of the cossus, iv. 455.

_MacLeay_, W. S., system of animals, iii. 12: of Annulosa, iv. 477: of Mandibulata, 479: of Petalocera, 481: columns of analogous Haustellata and Mandibulata, 421.

_Mænomenon_ of Pliny, what, ii. 178.

_Maggot_ of a fly, destructive to the sick, i. 138: jumping of cheese-fly, i. 229; ii. 280: of flesh-fly, i. 398.

_Maggots_, what, i. 64: jumping, ii. 280.

_Magnus_, Albertus, iv. 436.

_Maize_, insects that attack, i. 171, 174.

_Males_, two kinds of? iv. 173: secondary characters of, assumed by females, ii. 134.

_Man_, centre of the animal creation, iv. 369.

_Mandibles_ (unguiform) use of, ii. 272.

_Marrow_, Spinal, iv. 8.

_May-fly._ See _Fly_.

_Meal-worm_, i. 227; iii. 141.

_Medicine_, insects useful in, i. 315.

_Metamorphoses_ of insects, analogy between and the resurrection, i. 60, 72: use of, 77: analogies of those of plants and animals, iii. 57.

_Method_, what? iv. 365.

_Microscopes_, iv. 201, 570.

_Midges_, ii. 306.

_Migrations_ of insects, iv. 523.

_Milk_ produced by insects, ii. 242, 248; iv. 140.

_Mineral_ substances eaten by insects, i. 235, 380.

_Mite_, autumnal, or harvest bug, i. 96, 103: bee, 163: beetle, iv. 234: cheese, i. 229, 310; iii. 107: dysentery, i. 89: flour, 228: itch, 90: milk, 88: spider, iv. 236: spinning or red spider, i. 203: strawberry, ii. 307: vegetating, i. 392; iv. 234.

_Mites_ that infest collections of insects, &c. how best destroyed, iv. 140.

_Mitys_, what? ii. 479.

_Mole-cricket_, ravages of, i. 193: nest of, ii. 254: a burrower, 362: whether luminous, 416: wonderful apparatus for moving its arms, iii. 584.

_Monomerous_ insects, iii. 684.

_Moses_, knowledge of insects, i. 22; iv. 430.

_Mosquito_, a _Simulium_, i. 112, 118. See _Gnat_.

_Moth_, aquatic, iv. 56: barley, i. 174: brown-tail, 206, 209: clothes, 232, 462: emperor, 336; ii. 248: figure-of-eight, i. 199: fir, 131; ii. 22: fur, i. 233: ghost or hop, 183; iii. 66, 269, 305: gold or yellow-tail, i. 30; ii. 21, 250: gooseberry and currant, i. 197; ii. 446: grass, i. 179: great-goat, 211; ii. 297; iii. 119, 173, 200, 351: lackey, iii. 80: lappet, ii. 219; iii. 99: lobster, ii. 251: locust, iii. 282: procession, i. 130, 475; ii. 23: prominent, iii. 151: puss, ii. 248, 250; iii. 284; iv. 221: silk-worm, i. 334; iii. 89, 280: tapestry, i. 233: tiger, ii. 223, 249; iii. 175: wax, i. 165, 388: wolf, i. 172: wool, i. 233.

_Moth_, remarkable brush of, iv. 60: one resembling a caterpillar, 165.

_Mothing_, seasons of, iv. 524.

_Moths_, certain that construct curious habitations, i. 454, 462; ii. 471: minute, how to be taken, iv. 540.

---- greasy, how to restore, iv. 145.

_Mouffet_, iv. 439.

_Moulting._ See _Insects_.

_Muscles_ of insects, origin of, iv. 175: substance of, 175: shape, 177: colour, 178: kinds, 178: point of attachment, 179: motions, 180: muscles of larvæ, 181: of imago head and organs, 182: of trunk, 184: of wings, 186: of abdomen, 191: of viscera, 193.

----, of Arachnida, iv. 194.

_Myriapods_, have six legs only at first, iii. 23: analogues of serpents, 40; iv. 418.

_Myrtle_, attacked by a coccus, i. 195.

_Nature_, book of, Bible of man before the fall, i. 22.

_Nectar of flowers_, numerous insects devoted to its absorption, iv. 492.

_Nectarine_, attacked by insects, i. 202.

_Nerves_ of insects, number of, iv. 15: recurrent, 16.

_Nervous system_ of insects, mixed, iv. 21, 23: changes of in their metamorphosis, 23.

_Nervures_, of wings, iii. 292, 688.

_Net_, bag, iv. 529: fly or bat-fowling, 531: French, 529: Maclean's, 533: Paul's, 530: landing or water, 534.

_Neuters_, ii. 30; iv. 172.

_Nine-killer_, i. 288.

_Nocturnal_ insects, i. 391; iv. 526.

_Noises_ of insects, how produced, ii. 376: of beetles, &c. 386. See _Humming_.

_Nut_, weevil of, i. 203.

_Nymph_, i. 65: cased nymph, 67.

_Odours_, insect, ii. 238; iv. 146.

_Œstrus_ of the Greeks, what? i. 153. note.

_Oils_ produced by insects, iv. 139.

_Olive_, insects that attack, i. 203.

_Ophthalmia_, sometimes caused by insects, i. 88.

_Orange_, attacked by acoccus, i. 195.

_Orchard_ and _Fruitery_, insect enemies of, i. 195.

_Orders_ of insects, denominations of, i. 66, note: definitions of, iv. 377: which should precede, 425: osculant, 378.

_Orismology_ (term), iii. 527; iv. 257.

_Ovo-viviparous_ insects, iv. 170.

_Palpi_, of what sense organs, iv. 256.

_Paper_ made by wasps, i. 15, 501.

_Parasites_ of insects:-- _vegetable_, iv. 215: _Insect_; hymenopterous, i. 267; iv. 216: strepsipterous, i. 270; iv. 216: dipterous, i. 270; iv. 231: apterous, 232: _Worms_, 237.

_Passions_, human, symbolized by insects, ii. 28. note.

_Pax-wax_, iv. 183.

_Peaches_, insects that attack, i. 202.

_Pears_, insects that attack, i. 199.

_Peck_ (Professor), his description of the ovipositor of saw-flies, iv. 160.

_Penny_ (Dr. Thomas), iv. 439.

_Pentamerous_ insects, iii. 681.

_Perspiration_ of insects, iv. 151.

_Phosphorus_, iv. 149.

_Phthiriasis_, or lousy disease, i. 84; iv. 232.

_Phthirophagi_, i. 310.

_Pigeons_, insects that infest, i. 163.

_Pine-apple_, insects that attack, i. 203.

_Pissoceros_, what? ii. 174.

_Plant-lice_, extraordinary fecundity of, i. 175; iv. 166: numbers of, ii. 8.

_Plant-louse_-- of the apple, i. 29, 200: of the bean or Collier, 176: of the beech, 211: of the fir, 211, 451: of the hop, 183: of the larch, 211: of roots, ii. 90: of the rose, i. 194.

_Plants_, entrap flies, i. 293: fecundated by insects, 296: some yield poisonous honey, ii. 177.

_Pliny_, iv. 435.

_Plums_, insects that attack, i. 198.

_Pockets_ (wax), ii. 175.

_Poisons_, insect, iv. 143.

_Polymerous_ insects, iii. 685.

_Potatoes_, insects that attack, i. 186.

_Poultry_, insects that attack, i. 163.

_Praying-insects_ or _Mantes_, ferocity of, i. 278.

_Propolis_, what? ii. 183.

_Proportion_ (relative), of insects according to the kind of their food, iv. 492.

_Pubescence_ of insects, uses of, iii. 398.

_Pupæ_, kinds of, i. 65; iii. 237: Lamarck's and Latreille's division of, 241, note: integument of, 243: figure of, 245: parts of, 248: colour of, 258: age of, 260: sex of, 268: motions of, ii. 293; iii. 269: respiration of, iv. 74: extrication of, iii. 270: some copulate, 269.

_Pupiparous_ insects, iii. 64.

_Range_ (geographical) of insects, iv. 498.

_Raspberry_, insects that attack, i. 196.

_Ratel_ (honey), i. 281.

_Ray_ (John), system of insects, iv. 442.

_Reason_, some portion of in insects, ii. 508.

_Reaumur_, eulogium of, iv. 454.

_Resin_, insect, i. 329.

_Respiration_ of insects, how carried on, iv. 36: external signs of, 73.

_Rooks_, serviceable by destroying insects, i. 30.

_Rope and Pulley_ in insects, iii. 700.

_Rye_ attacked by insects, i. 173.

_Salmon_, louse of, i. 166.

_Saprophagous_ insects, iv. 491.

_Saw-flies_, how they deposit their eggs, i. 355: their ovipositor, 355; iv. 160: vast flights of, ii. 10: simulate death, ii. 233: eggs of, grow, iii. 91: why hymenopterous, iv. 382, 416: their scent organs, ii. 242, 248: slimy larvæ of, 225.

_Saw-fly_, barley, i. 173: cherry, 197: gooseberry, 197: rose, 194, 355: turnip, 187; ii. 10.

_Schwenckfeeld_, Dr., first faunist, iv. 440.

_Scolechiasis_, i. 99; iv. 232.

_Scorpion_, terrific attitude of, i. 124: ferocity of, 279: gills of, iv. 61: liver of, 123.

----, water, eggs of, iii. 94.

_Scripture_ (Holy), account of insects, iv. 431.

_Sculpture_ of insect integument, uses of, iii. 396, 654.

_Seasons_ of insects, iv. 520.

_Secretions_ of insects:-- silk, iv. 136: saliva, 137: varnish, 139: jelly, 139: oils, 139: milk, 134: honey, 140: wax, 141: poisons and acids, 143: odorous fluids and vapours, 146: phosphorus, 149: fat, 150.

_Semicomplete_ pupa, i. 67.

_Sensation_, organs of, iv. 1.

_Senses_ of insects, whether seven, iv. 241: they have the ordinary, 244: internal sense, 242: sight, 242: hearing, 243: antennæ, whether organs of, 247: touch, 255: smell, 257: taste, 264.

_Sensorium_, common, where resident, iv. 19.

_Seven_, a sacred number, iii. 15, note; iv. 241: quinary groups resolvable into, 409.

_Sheep_, insects that infest, i. 157.

_Shell-fish_, insects that infest, i. 166.

_Showers_ (bloody), produced by insects, i. 34.

_Shrike._ See _Butcher-bird_.

_Silk_, i. 332.

_Silk-worms_, kinds of, i. 334: diseases of, iv. 212: not attacked by ichneumons, 228: how to forward their exclusion, iii. 101.

_Skeletons_ (of small animals), how to obtain, i. 258. note.

_Skin_ of insects, iii. 400.

_Skunk_, ii. 238.

_Sleep_ of insects, iv. 199.

_Sloane_ (Sir Hans), encomium of, iv. 446.

_Slugs_ (wheat) how best destroyed, i. 181. note.

_Slug-worm_, i. 198.

_Soap_, manufactured from insects, i. 316.

_Societies_, of insects, imperfect, ii. 3: perfect, 27.

_Society_, Royal, iv. 446.

----, Linnean, iv. 459.

----, Zoological, 460.

_Solomon_, knew insects, i. 23; ii. 46.

_Sow-bug_, i. 140.

_Sparrows_, number of caterpillars they devour, i. 291.

_Species_, iv. 405: how to investigate, 563.

_Spectre_, large egg of, iii. 90.

_Sphinx_, why so named, ii. 234.

_Spider_, amphibious, i. 470: bird, 422; iii. 490: edible, i. 310: gossamer, ii. 330: large field or diadem, i. 405: red, 203: shepherd, ii. 305: small garden, i. 415: trap-door, 467: once tamed, iv. 23.

_Spiders_, hunters, i. 422: swimmers, 424: vagrants, 422: weavers or sedentaries, 403; iv. 31.

----, affection for their eggs, i. 361: webs, texture of and how spun, 403, 420; iv. 129: wonderful apparatus for spinning, i. 403: floating nest of, 423: nest under water, 470: web destroyed by fluid emitted by a caterpillar, ii. 245: sailing in the air, 331: effects of their venom, i. 131: cruelty, 279: gills of, iv. 61: liver of, 124: disease of, 214.

_Spines_ of caterpillars, sometimes venomous, iii. 179.

_Spiracles_ (false), iii. 712.

_Spirits-of-wine_, their use in destroying insects, iv. 536, 538, 541.

_Stamina_ of flowers, adhering to bees mistaken for fungi, iv. 215.

_Stick_, entomological, iv. 529.

_Stomach_ of insects, iv. 105: peculiar of bugs, 117.

_Strawberry_, whether attacked by insects, i. 195; ii. 307.

_Strength_ (muscular) of insects, iv. 195.

_Strepsiptera_ (order), denomination proper, iii. 589, note.

_Subclasses_, iv. 375.

_Subclimates_, iv. 497.

_Suborders_, iv. 400.

_Suckers_ on the feet of insects, ii. 318; iii. 692.

_Sugar-cane_, insect assailants of, i. 183.

_Swammerdam_, system of, iv. 441.

_Swine_, insects that infest, i. 159.

_System_, what? iv. 365.

---- (nervous), of animals, four primary types of, iv. 3: what analogous to, 20.

---- of the development of insect forms by Dr. Herold, refutation of, iii. 52, 191.

_Systems_ of insects, alary, iv. 447: eclectic, 465: maxillary, 460: metamorphotic, 441: quinary, 477.

_Tarantula_ spider, effects of bite, i. 127.

_Taste_, organs of in insects, iv. 264.

_Tetramerous_ insects, iii. 683.

_Thalerophagous_ insects, iv. 491.

_Tick_, American, i. 105, 146: dog, 104, 162; ii. 220, 304.

_Timber_, insects that attack, i. 234.

_Times_ of appearance of insects, iv. 523.

_Timour Beg_, anecdote of, ii. 100.

_Tobacco_, insects that attack, i. 185.

_Tool_ for cutting pins, &c. iv. 557.

_Torpidity_ of insects, iv. 78: causes of, ii. 437: their reviviscence from, 450.

_Touch_, organs of in insects, iv. 255.

_Trachea_ or wind-pipe of insects, iv. 62: analogy between and the spiral vessels of plants, iv. 70.

_Tree-creeper_, i. 290.

_Trees_, injured by insects, i. 207: particularly by a small beetle, 212.

_Trimerous_ insects, iii. 684.

_Trunk_ of insects, reasons assigned for the nomenclature of, iii. 527.

_Turnip_, greatly injured by insects, i. 187; ii. 10.

_Vacuum_ formed by the little caterpillar of a moth, i. 16, 458.

_Varnish_, produced by insects, iv. 139.

_Vegetables_, fly-catchers, i. 293.

_Vessel_ (dorsal), of insects, iv. 83, 96: varicose or bile, 109.

_Vine_, attacked by insects, i. 204; ii. 331; iv. 512.

_Virey_, Dr., system of animals, iv. 371: theory of instinct, 26.

_Wasp_, bee, ii. 221, 363: blue-sand, 380: caterpillar or sand, 363; iv. 138: common, i. 16; ii. 106: fly, 363: golden, 222, 231: mason, i. 348, 358, 444: spider, 347: ii. 354, 363.

_Wasps_, females, i. 372: love of their progeny, 373: nests of, 501: numbers of, 374; ii. 108: sentinels, 111: destruction of, 112: kept in hives, how they proceed, 112: walk against gravity, 327: how they act if their prey is too heavy, 514: fluid effused by, iv. 138: poison of, 145.

_Water_, stagnant, purified by larvæ, i. 259.

_Wax_ (bees'), i. 326, 487; iv. 141.

---- (coccus), i. 327.

_Weevil_, clover, i. 178: common, 172: dock, ii. 277: figwort, 271: millet, i. 173: nut, 203, 357: palm, 301; ii. 318: rice, i. 173: water-hemlock, 149.

_Weevils_, ii. 232, 318.

_Wheat_, numerous insects attack, i. 167.

_Wheel_, animal, ii. 447.

_Willughby_, encomium of, iv. 444.

_Winglets_, use of, ii. 354.

_Wings_ of insects, ii. 342; iii. 616: apparatus for steadying them, iii. 336.

_Wood-louse_ (timber), ravages of, i. 238.

_Wood-pecker_, i. 31, 290.

_Works_, Entomological, which useful to the entomologist, iv. 483, note.

_Worm_, wire, ravages of, i. 180, 188: hand or wheale, 92: wheat, or _Vibrio Tritici_, iv. 238.

_Worms_, intestinal, iv. 237.

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Transcriber's Notes:

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Inconsistent hyphenation is as in the original.