CHAPTER XIX
THE EASTERN FJORDS
The _Vesta_ was late in arrival, and as the taking in of cargo occupied several hours, we did not get away from Husavik till the afternoon; we then headed straight for the Arctic Circle, passing the island of Lundey on the way out of Skjalfandi. When we entered within the Arctic Circle in the evening, the atmospheric conditions and the temperature were in keeping with our position on the earth's surface, for it was cold and bleak, and the night promised to be a dirty one; but the weather during the night was not so bad after all, and when I awoke in the morning it was to find the sunshine streaming into my cabin through the open port.
At Vopnafjord we remained from early morning till late at night. We climbed the hills at the back of the town and made our way over towards Nypsfjord. From an elevated spot we obtained a view looking into that fjord. It was not a scene of striking beauty, but I was interested to see that the entrance to the inner fjord was narrowed considerably by a spit that extended well into it, perhaps two-thirds across. This had been formed, as usual, by the sea beating in and banking up the detritus brought down by the river, the Vestradalsá. Up there on the rises I succeeded in stalking some sheep and in photographing them. I had tried several times before, but had always failed. Nearly all the sheep in Iceland are horned, while most of the cattle are without horns. There were several things of interest in Vopnafjord that I photographed--the interior of a cod-fish store being one of them; another was the home of "Socrates," a notification to that effect being prominent on the front of the house. There were several stores on a point near the middle of the town, and in front of them there were about a dozen fish-drying grids lying on the slope of the beach. Here at Vopnafjord we found the people to be most curious regarding us and our movements. It was Sunday, and having nothing to do, they displayed to the fullest extent the Icelander's worst characteristic, that of staring hard and persistently.
In the afternoon while cargo was being taken in, a little mild excitement was caused by the capsizing of nine bales of wool into the water, and by their subsequent rescue from drifting out to sea by a boat that went in pursuit.
Before departing from Vopnafjord we had an invasion of Icelanders. They came on board, boatloads at a time; the smoking-room was soon full of them, and there were crowds on deck. I was writing in a recess just above the companion-way to the saloon; small crowds descended by it to the regions below and did not reappear--goodness knows where they managed to stow themselves. A fellow-passenger came up from a visit to his cabin and informed me that he had stumbled over two of the Icelanders, who had taken possession of his cabin. Helvit!--to use the mild Icelandic swear-word--what about mine? I went down to see what was going on in _my_ cabin, and returned on deck breathing more freely (in two ways!), for I found that my cabin companion had early taken possession and had so far kept out all invaders, in spite of repeated attacks upon his stronghold. The atmosphere below was becoming quite oppressive, and one could almost have cut out a chunk of it!--hence, as I have stated, I breathed more freely on deck. But it occurred to me that if I took possession of my own bunk, I could help my companion in resisting future attacks of the enemy; so I went down again.
"There's a cry and a shout, and a deuce of a rout" going on generally, for we had arrived at Seythisfjord, and the invading horde was preparing to leave the vessel--it had come to take part in the ceremony of unveiling a monument that was to be performed that day, and to enjoy the subsequent festivities and gaieties. The trampling of feet above informed me that the natives were congregating round the companion-ladder. I shoved my head through the port-hole, and there, but a few yards off, were two or three boats. One was just pulling away very fully laden, another was loading up with passengers, and a third awaiting its turn to take on its human cargo. I went to my tub, and so, for a few minutes, escaped from the noise.
During breakfast I listened to the tales of woe as related by my fellow-passengers. One had had four of the natives camped in his cabin. In the morning they severally made use of his sponge and soap in performing their ablutions, while his tooth-brush only just escaped service. Whatever of his effects were lying loose about his cabin were subjected to inspection and examination: a bottle of "Elliman's" was uncorked and smelt, and the Icelanders seemed inclined to taste, but in their discretion refrained; had they but tested its virtues, they would no doubt have found it a most excellent pick-me-up. After performing his own toilet he went on deck, but on returning to his cabin a few minutes later, found two women in possession, and busy at his wash-basin. My fellow-passenger was a man who did not object to cleanliness in a general way, but for the native Icelander, both sexes, to take possession of his cabin and make use of his toilet things, was too much for his nerves. If he did not take a leaf out of the Icelanders' book and make use of their swear-word, Helvit! it was only because he was a clergyman; but I have no doubt that he thought that and much more of a similar kind!
Another passenger reported that he had lost one of his native companions in a very extraordinary way. I must state that some of the Icelanders have the disgusting habit of spitting in all sorts of places, and they are not, as a rule, particular where--to them the whole world is a spittoon! This passenger stated that he had found a big Icelander in his cabin the night before, who remarked that he was going to sleep there, and immediately afterwards made some noisy throaty sounds, inquiring where he could spit. On being informed that it was not customary for anybody to spit anywhere in a cabin, and that there was no place where _he_ could do so, he looked surprised and expressed himself to that effect. Much to this passenger's relief, the Icelander then took himself off from the cabin, and was seen there no more. No doubt the native had found some spot where he was able to indulge his habit to his heart's content.
I went ashore after breakfast, and landed just in time to see a procession of Icelanders and others. The occasion was the unveiling of a memorial stone that had been erected by the inhabitants of Seythisfjord and the surrounding country to the memory of a Norwegian, one Otto Andreas Wathue, who died in 1898. This man had been instrumental in making Seythisfjord a place of considerable importance, and its prosperity was due entirely to him.
The ceremony had drawn to Seythisfjord all the notabilities of the neighbourhood, as well as others from the near fjords, and a few from such distant places as Akureyri; it had also drawn thither two Danish men-of-war, and there were in port three vessels belonging to the United Steamship Company: the _Ceres_, the _Vesta_, and another. Some of the chief of the officers from the war-ships attended in their official capacity, while others from the Company's three vessels also attended the ceremony; several joined in the procession, which started from the veiled monument at the head of the fjord near the heart of the town. The Norwegian, Wathue, had lived on the south side of the fjord in a large house about a mile from the monument, and there the widow still lived. The procession made its way along the road by the side of the fjord, and then passed the house, where everybody saluted the widow, who, with her relatives and a few friends, was a spectator from an elevated grass plat. I was standing just beside the house taking snap-shots. My picture shows the head of the procession: some of the leading figures may be seen in the act of saluting the party assembled on the grass in front of the house. The procession halted a short distance beyond, and then returned to the starting-point at the monument, round which the members of it congregated. The ceremony of unveiling was performed after some speechifying had been got through and several poems, composed by Icelandic poets for the occasion, had been recited or sung. Those assembled then adjourned to the fête ground on the other side of the river, where dancing and running and other athletic sports were carried on during the rest of the day, and where fireworks were displayed in the evening. I took several photographs on the outskirts of the crowd round the monument while the ceremony of unveiling was going on; in them are two young women attired in the national costume. One is dressed in white and the other in a dark dress, but both have on the peculiar national state headdress.
We called at Northfjord in the early morning, and after less than an hour there, set sail for Eskefjord, arriving there just before breakfast-time. Though we remained for several hours, I did not get ashore, for there was so much uncertainty about the time of departure that we might have started at any moment; there was also the usual difficulty of getting a boat.
Faskruthsfjord is a very picturesque place; bold and peculiarly shaped mountains are all around. A liparite and tuff mountain on the southern side is noticeable chiefly for the inclined strata that lie upon its southern slopes. Behind the town a huge pyramid (a fine example of the result of denudation) towers high above. Faskruthsfjord is the chief resort of the French fishermen who carry on their avocation on the coast of Iceland, and though there are a few Icelanders in the settlement, yet the greater number are French.
During the latter part of the voyage we had a passenger, an Englishwoman, lying dangerously ill. The doctor from ashore, an Icelander, came on board here to see her, as other doctors had at other ports of call; but he did not go away decently as the others had--no, he remained on board drinking and smoking, and talking at the top of his voice, with a number of men from shore, the carousal being carried on just outside the cabin-door of his patient! A specimen of the customs of the country as observed by at least _one_ Icelander!
Our last port of call in Iceland was in Berufjord, where we arrived at about six in the morning. As it was rainy and misty, I could not well judge of the scenery. It looked an interesting place, and there were several sharp conical peaks showing dimly through the thick atmosphere. We put to sea about an hour later, in weather that promised to be blowy, and the promise was fulfilled, for we were soon in a fairly heavy sea, which increased as the day wore on; it continued bad until we approached the Faroes next day, when it cleared up, and we had bright, fine weather while amongst those islands.
We obtained excellent views of the various headlands at the north end of the Faroes; it was noticeable that all had perpendicular precipices facing the north, where the sea is continually at work eroding their bases. We passed through Kalsofjord, the channel between the island of Kalso on the west and those of Kuno and Bordo on the east. The islands have many corries, soft dykes, and mountains of pyramidal shape. There are several villages most picturesquely situated in the valleys and corries, but as we steamed along in mid channel we were not near enough for the camera to be of service.
We reached Thorshavn in the early afternoon, so I went ashore for an hour to have another look at the picturesque town and at the Faroese. In the evening we set sail for Leith.
APPENDIX I
NOTES ON PLANTS COLLECTED IN THE FAROES AND ICELAND
BY A. W. HILL, M.A.
The decumbent character of the vegetation and the practical absence of trees form the most striking features of the flora in both the Faroes and Iceland. In the Faroes the steep and rocky hillsides are very exposed and wind swept, and the vegetation is in consequence characteristically dwarfed, and most plants raise themselves but little above the general level of the grass.
The dwarfed habit was well shown by some plants, such as _Orchis maculata_, which was very common on the slopes, and was only a few inches high. The inflorescences did not, as a rule, bear more than five to ten flowers, which, however, were large and pale in colour. The ovaries in many cases were not twisted, so that the labellum was consequently uppermost.
Another example of the effect of the conditions on the vegetation was afforded by the dandelion _Taraxacum deus leonis_, which exhibited the prostrate habit exceedingly well, for in order to protect the flowers from the wind, the flower scapes were bent over and laid parallel to the surface of the ground and the inflorescence was exposed to the light by a right-angled bend of the scape just below the head of the flowers. The inflorescence was by this means protected from the wind by being kept just below the general level of the vegetation.
_Cardamine pratensis_ was also influenced in a similar way on the lower slopes, but at higher altitudes plants were found bearing single radical flowers on short stalks instead of the usual raceme.
We proceeded to Akureyri in the north of Iceland by way of the east coast, and it was interesting to notice the difference in the condition of the vegetation on the northern and eastern shores of the island. On the east coast, at Seythis-and Vopnafjords, the plants were stunted and for the most part only in bud; but in the north, at Husavik and Akureyri, similar plants were much earlier, and were not only in full flower, but were also much less stunted, and showed a more robust growth than those found on the eastern side. For example, _Plantanthera hyperborea_, which was in tight bud on the east coast, and also _Thymus_ and other plants, were in full flower at Husavik.
_Thalictrum alpinum_, which grows abundantly all over the hillsides, was found to be attacked by the æcidial stage of one of the rust fungi, _Puccinia septentrionalis_;[1] and at Seythisfjord, where it was especially noticed, it was found that only the topmost leaflets were affected, that is to say, only those leaflets which protruded above the general level of the vegetation, and which were in consequence infected by wind-blown spores. At Seythisfjord the leaflets were only slightly attacked, the fungus being in a young state; but at Husavik it was much more advanced, and the hypertrophied purple tissues were very conspicuous. The effect often extended some way down the petioles.
The case of the fungus is a further example of the greater forwardness of the plants in the north.
There can be no doubt that the characteristics of the east coast vegetation are due to the prevalence of cold winds and the occurrence of cold currents.
Whilst crossing the island several interesting features of the vegetation were noticed. Between Akureyri and our first camp (Thverá) several "forests" were passed through, consisting of _Betula nana_, _Vaccinium uliginosum_, and Willows, _Salix lanata_ and _S. glauca_ rising to a height of from nine to eighteen inches, with an undergrowth of other small plants.
The hillsides all round were covered by _Dryas octopetala_, which was by far the commonest plant in the northern half of the island, and it was abundant also on the east coast.
Travelling along the Oxnadal and then turning off towards Silfrastathir, _Dryas_ at first was the most conspicuous feature of the vegetation covering the rocky moraines and talus slopes; but about three miles from the head of the valley the _Dryas_ was replaced by _Cerastium alpinum_ and _Potentilla maculata_, which then in their turn became the dominant plants for a considerable distance. As we traversed the island we kept passing through well-marked zones of different plants, whose limits seemed largely to be determined by the character of the soil.
After crossing the "col" some very rough screes were passed, on which the Iceland poppy, _P. nudicaule_, was growing abundantly. The screes were formed of rough angular blocks with very little soil between them, and the poppy was only growing in the most barren spots; where moraines occurred the poppy did not grow. It was also found on the stony ground by the river at Silfrastathir.
The hillsides were covered in many places by large tracts of _Equisetum_ (_E. arvense_ and _E. pratense_). The various species of the Equisetaceæ seem to be among some of the commonest plants of the island. The swampy regions by the rivers are covered with _Equisetum_ and _Scirpus cæspitosus_; and they are very abundant on the mountains.
From the river until we reached Gilhagi, the flora showed no features of any particular note; but a meadow there with large plants of _Saxifraga cernua_ in full flower was a very beautiful sight.
On ascending from Gilhagi a change in the flora was gradually seen. After about 2000 feet _Pedicularis flammea_ appeared and became common; on the lower slopes the leaves were green and the plants tall, but at greater elevations the plants became short and stunted, with deep red leaves. The high ground was very much broken up, being of a deep hummocky character and covered by a dwarfed growth of Willows, _Empetrum_, Mosses, etc.
Passing over ground from which the snow had just melted, the willows were found to be either still quite bare or just coming out into leaf, but everywhere in such barren places cones of _Equisetum_ were seen sticking up on pale brown stalks some six inches above the soil; the sterile green shoots do not grow up until some time after the appearance of the cones.
All around Athalmansvatn the ground was very hummocky, the mounds being from a foot to eighteen inches high, with narrow depressions or ruts between. The elevation of this region was about 2500 feet, and as the snow had only recently melted, everything was in consequence backward, _Thalictrum_ and willows, etc., not yet being in flower.
Leaving Athalmansvatn a large tract of hummocky ground was crossed, covered chiefly by _Cassiope hypnoides_, _Empetrum_, Willows, _Salix lanata_ and _S. herbacea_, Grey Lichens, such as _Cladonia_, and Mosses. After this our route lay across a piece of the northern desert land or _Sandr_, which is a barren, sandy, and stony expanse. The soil was a light brownish loam, and was easily blown about by the wind, and scattered all over it were large angular or rounded blocks of stone. _Arabis petræa_ was the only plant occurring in any quantity over this region, and it formed a very conspicuous feature in the landscape, growing in rosettes closely adpressed to the soil with the racemes of flowers growing out horizontally.
As we travelled on in a southerly direction, _Silene acaulis_ appeared and then a little thrift, _Armeria sibirica_, and the _Arabis_ became less frequent. Here the soil was more sandy, and the strong wind blew clouds of dust. Still farther south, _Armeria_ reigned supreme over the desert; but occasional patches containing _Silene acaulis_, _Potentilla_, _Cerastium alpinum_, and _Silene maritima_ occurred. Where the soil became more loamy, _Arabis petræa_ again came in. At the edge of the desert the willows were seen encroaching on the sand, and soon a willow and birch (_Betula nana_) scrub was passed through, which in its turn gave place to moister land with _Empetrum_, _Pedicularis flammea_, etc.
Near Blandá, _Salir phyllicifolia_ was noticed for the first time. A good deal of hummocky ground was also passed over, and its characteristic and invariable features were noticed (_v_. later).
After passing over very rough morainic ground with snow still lying in patches and quite devoid of vegetation, we reached Hveravellir, a perfect oasis in the desert. The hot springs and fumaroles occur along a long line of fissure, and warm up the soil of a considerable tract of country in their neighbourhood. The effect on the vegetation is most striking, for a strip of verdant meadow-land occurs in the middle of bare country, covered in many places with snow at the end of June. All the flowers occurring there were in a very forward state, and a large number of different plants were obtained; some spots were yellow with buttercups, and the ground was carpeted with thyme in full bloom.
_Botrychium lunaria_ occurred in quantity, and a very small variety of _Ophioglossum vulgatum_, _O. vulgatum_, var. _polyphyllum_, was found in a warm place. _Selaginella spinosa_ was also abundant.
On the edges of this warm tract barren land occurred and in many places snow, so that there was a very sharp contrast between the warm and cold earth; and on the latter the willows were only just coming into leaf. This tract of country occurs at the edge of the great lava flow from Strytur.
Towards Strytur the lava was in places covered by "hummocky ground," which showed the usual features noticed elsewhere.
The characteristic plants seem invariably to be:--
*_Carex vulgaris_ (_rigida_), a creeping variety. *_Salix lanata._ *_Salix herbacea._ *_Cassiope hypnoides._ *_Empetrum nigrum_ (very abundant). *_Vaccinium uliginosum._ _Loiseleuria procumbens._ _Armeria sibirica._ _Silene acaulis_ (not very frequent). _Bartsia alpina._ _Pedicularis flammea._ *Two or three Lichens, species of _Cladonia_, and a Moss, _Rhacomitrium lanuginosum_.
Those marked with an asterisk appear to be invariably present, the others are not so constant, but some are usually found.
Shortly after leaving Hveravellir the watershed of the island was crossed, and a marked difference in the flora was noticed in the valley, Thjofadal, on the southern side of the ridge, owing no doubt to the much greater rainfall which occurs on this, the south-western, side of the island.
Among plants noticed in this region, which had not been met with before, were:--
_Draba alpina._ _Cardamine bellidifolia_, and _Ranunculus pygmæus_ (which grew upright in the valley, but was prostrate and creeping on the surrounding hillsides).
Fungoid diseases were very prevalent in the valley, and _Saxifraga cæspilosa_, which was extremely dwarfed on the high ridges, was in many places badly attacked by a rust fungus.
_Saxifraga cernua_ was also affected by the conditions in this region, for in other localities north of the watershed all the plants were found with the usual terminal flower, but here no terminal flower was developed, and the upright stems bore leaves and bulbils only.
_Epilobium latifolium_ occurred among the stones in the glacier streams, and a very decumbent form of _Epilobium alpinum_ was common on the hillsides.
The hills all round were formed of loose morainic matter, the slopes consisting of fine sandy earth with pebbles, and the vegetation is distributed on the hillsides in the form of banks and terraces, thus giving the hills a peculiar appearance with very gentle steps. In some cases the vegetation has spread and grown over the edges of the terraces, and by further growth hummocks have been formed.
The formation of hummocky ground on a morainic hillside appears to be somewhat as follows:--
If conditions, such as snow-line, wind, etc. (on a bare hillside of sandy and stony ground) permit, isolated plants begin to appear, and collect soil around them by their prostrate habit of growth and with their roots; in consequence of the loose nature of the soil, and owing to the action of snow or water, slipping frequently takes place, and the plants tend to keep up the earth. As the plants spread, terraces get formed and the plants bank up the loose earth, and the mountain-side is then broken up into broad steps. The vegetation continues to grow over the edges of the terraces, and in consequence more soil is collected by the plants, and small mounds result, and later on, if the slope is not too great, true hummocks may be formed. If the slope is steep, the hummocks are usually flat-topped, but this is also often due to snow, wind, etc.
The hummocky ground usually seen occurs in fairly level country, and its origin may probably have been somewhat different from that just described; the hummocks are from one to two feet high, and the ruts between are often so narrow that two hummocks have frequently united. The normal breadth of a hummock is from one to two feet across, and it is closely covered by _Empetrum_ or _Cassiope_, with _Carex vulgaris_, the Moss _Rhacomitrium lanuginosum_, and the other plants already enumerated.
Hummocky ground was also met with in meadows at Gilhagi (near Maelifell); here they were covered by grass and other meadow-plants, and _Saxifraga cernua_ grew in masses in the depressions. These hummocks were on a hillside, and may have been originally formed in the manner already described; but owing to some change in the snow-line, meadow-land plants may have wandered up the hillside, and ousted the characteristic plants of the hummocks.
Our journey from Thjofadal to Gránanes lay for the most part over the lava-flows from Strytur, which were covered by a close-growing vegetation, large tussocks of moss, very dwarf _Saxifrages, S. cæspitosa_, _Empetrum_, _Salix herbacea_, and other plants usually found on the hummocks. True hummocks were, however, rare.
Near our camp and before the Svatá was reached we came to the end of the lava and crossed a sandy tract, and the usual change in the flora was at once noticeable; large clumps of willows bound the sand together, around which the soil collected, forming mounds, and patches of _Armeria_, _Arabia petræa_, _Silene_, and _Arenaria_ were scattered about. In some places the willows were killed by having been buried in the blown sand.
Between Gránanes and Hvitarvatn the country is at first hummocky, and then covered by birch and willow scrub. On the hummocks, especially in the patches of moss, _Saxifraga Hirculus_ was not uncommon. The large tract of swampy ground at the edge of the lake was covered by masses of cotton grass. Leaving Hvitarvatn our way lay through willow scrub until the Hvitá was reached. After crossing the river the ground was very rough, being composed of morainic matter from the adjacent mountains and covered with large angular blocks of lava. The only flowers growing here were _Arenuria_, _Armeria_, _Thymus_ and _Dryas_ in isolated patches. As we travelled farther south, the plants were noticed to be taller and more vigorous than those seen in the interior, and the flora was more home-like in character. _Juniperus_, _Betula odorata_, _Calluna_, and _Arctostaphylos uva ursi_ were noticed for the first time.
Both birches (_B. odorata_, _B. nana_) were very plentiful, and from two to three feet high (in the north _B. nana_ was only six to nine inches high) willows were not common.
Between Sandá and Gullfoss another small desert area was traversed where earth-pillars occurred. The plants were hardly able to exist, as the smaller ones were blown away, and the willows and birches were in many places buried by the blown sand.
Around Gullfoss the vegetation was luxuriant, _Geum rivale_, _Geranium sylvaticum_, and _Alchemilla vulgaris_ covered the ground, and above _Rubus saxatilis_ and _Frugaria vesca_ were abundant, whilst _Arctostaphylos uva ursi_ also grew in profusion.
At Bratholt we reached civilisation again, and were presented with some of the lichen from which the orange dye, still used in the island, is obtained.
Between Geysir and Thingvellir we passed through one of the largest forests in the island; the hillsides were covered with birch-bushes, and in places they were quite six feet high; usually they did not rise to a height of more than three or four feet, and the topmost branches became entangled in our legs as we rode among the bushes. All four species of birch were noticed, and the scent of the bruised leaves was very pleasant. By way of undergrowth, the ground was carpeted with _Geranium sylvaticum_, _Ranunculus repens_, and large patches of _Orchis maculata_, etc. It was altogether a beautiful spot, and we spent nearly four hours wending our way through it. The river Bruará runs through the middle of this forest.
At Thingvellir _Gentiana nivalis_ was found among other plants.
The rarity of blue flowers in the part of the island visited by us, and indeed throughout the island, was very striking, as the only other blue flowers noticed, besides the gentian, were the _Veronicas_, and the _Myosotis_ and _Viola tricolor_ found at Akureyri, and _Campanula rotundifolia_ and _Pleurogyne rotata_, which were found on the east coast on the return journey. _Gentiana campestris_ and _G. nivalis_ were also found on the west coast. _White_, _pale pink_, and _yellow_ were the common colours, white being the predominant. The three most common orchids, _Habenaria albida_, _Habenaria viridis_, and _Plantanthera hyperborea_ were green and fairly inconspicuous. Perhaps the most striking flowers are the large rose-coloured _Epilobium latifolium_, which grows on bare islands of stones and black sand in the glacier streams, the yellow _Saxifraga Hirculus_, and _Dryas octopetala_, which covers vast tracts of country.
Between Thingvellir and Keykjavik is an extensive _Heithi_, over which we rode rapidly. There appeared to be no features of any special interest, and as the day was very wet it was not possible to study the flora carefully. On the beach at Reykjavik _Mertensia maritima_ is a fairly common plant.
The hot springs at Hveravellir and other places contain large quantities of algæ, mostly belonging to the blue-green family or _Cyanophyceæ_. Specimens were collected from various springs at Hveravellir, Kerlingarfjöll, and Geysir, and the temperature of the water in which they were growing was carefully recorded. As I was unable to examine them in detail, I sent them to Professor West of Cirencester, who has worked through my material and published a paper on hot-spring algæ in the _Journal of Botany_,[2] in which he gives a list of all the algæ we brought back from Iceland.
The highest temperature at which algæ were found was 85° C. (185° F.). Most of the forms found had not been previously recorded from Iceland, and there was one new species belonging to the genus _Aulosira_, _A. thermalis_. Full details of these interesting algæ will be found in the paper to which a reference has been given.
APPENDIX II
A LIST OF PLANTS COLLECTED IN THE FAROES AND ICELAND IN JUNE AND JULY 1900
Caltha palustris I. F. Ranunculus flammula F. hyperboreus I. Seythisfjord, Kerlingarfjöll. pygmæus I. Thjofadal. repens I. F. Thalictrum alpinum I. F.
Papaver nudicaule I. Near Silfrastathir on screes and among stones in river bed.
Arabis alpina I. Thjofadal. petræa I. The desert between Athalmansvatn and Hveravellir, near Gránanes. Cardamine bellidifolia I. Thjofadal. pratensis I. F. Cochlearia officinalis I. F. groenlandica I. Draba alpina I. Thjofadal. rupestris I. verna I. F. incana I. Silfrastathir, etc. tomentosa I.
Viola cricetorum I. F. palustris I. F. tricolor I. Akureyri.
Polygala vulgaris F.
Alsine arctica[3] I. Athalmansvatn, Thjofadal.
Cerastium alpinum I. trigynum I. Akureyri. triviale I. Halianthus peploides F. Klaksvig. Lychnis flos cuculi F. Silene acaulis I. F. Silene maritima I. Lychnis alpina I. Stellaria uliginosa I. Seythisfjord. Arenaria norvegica I. rubella I.
Montia fontana I. F.
Hypericum pulchrum F. Klaksvig.
Linum catharticum I.
Geranium sylvaticum I. F.
Vicia cracca I. Narfeyri.
Alchemilla alpina I. F. vulgaris I. F. Comarum palustre I. F. Dryas octopetala I. F. Geum rivale I. F. Fragaria vesca I. Potentilla anserina I. Reykholt. maculata I. tormentilla I. F. Rubus saxatilis I. Modruvellir, Gullfoss, etc. Sibbaldia procumbens I. Athalmansvatn, Hveravellir.
Hippuris vulgaris I.
Epilobium alpinum I. Thjofadal. latifolium I. Gránanes. palustre I. alsinefolium I. Kerlingarfjöll.
Rhodiola rosea I. Thjofadal. Sedum villosum I.
Saxifraga aizoides I. Vopnafjord. cernua I. Gilhagi and Thjofadal. cæspitosa I. F. Hirculus I. hypnoides I. nivalis I. oppositifolia I. rivularis I. Thjofadal, Sandá, etc. stellaris I. F. Parnassia palustris I. Hveravellir, near Springs, etc.
Angelica sylvestris I. Hydrocotyle vulgaris I.
Galium boreale I. uliginosum I. F.
Achillea millefolium I. F. Bellis perennis I. F. Erigeron alpinus I. Gnaphalium norvegicum I. Isafjord, Hveravellir. supinum I. Isafjord, Hveravellir. Taraxacum dens leonis I. F.
Campanula rotundifolia I. Vopnafjord, Seythisfjord.
Pyrola media I. Hveravellir, Sandá. Vaccinium uliginosum I. Arctostaphylos uva ursi I. Near Thingvellir. Cassiope hypnoides I. (Especially on hummocky ground.) Calluna vulgaris I. Near Thingvellir. Loiseleuria procumbens I. Seythisfjord, Athalmansvatn.
Pinguicula vulgaris I. Hveravellir, near Springs. F.
Gentiana campestris I. Helgafell. nivalis I. Thingvellir. Pleurogyne rotata I. Vopnafjord. Menyanthes trifoliata I. Vopnafjord, etc. Mertensia maritima I. Reykjavik. Myosotis arvensis I. Akureyri. versicolor F.
Bartsia alpina I. (On hummocky ground.) Euphrasia officinalis et. varr. I. F. Pedicularis flammea I. Gilhagi, Athalmansvatn. Rhinanthus minor I. Sandá. Veronica alpina I. saxatilis I. serpyllifolia I. F. officinalis I.
Thymus serpyllum I. F. Galeopsis tetrahit I. Geysir. Prunella vulgaris I. Grund.
Armeria sibirica I.
Plantago maritima I.
Konigia islandica I. Oxyria digyna I. Polygonum viviparum I. Rumex acetosa I. acetosella I.
Empetrum nigrum I.
Salix glauca I. herbacea I. F. lanata I. phyllicifolia I. S.W. Iceland. arctica I. and others, hybrids, etc., which could not be determined.
Betula nana I. alpestris I. intermedia I. odorata I.
Triglochin palustre I. Corallorhiza innata I. Vopnafjord and Husavik. Habenaria viridis I. F. albida I. Orchis maculata I. F. Plantanthera hyperborea I.
Tofieldia borealis I.
Juncus balticus I. trifidus I. Luzula campestris I. multiflora I. spicata I.
Scirpus cæspitosus I. Carex capillaris I. rigida I. vulgaris I. (Common on hummocky ground.) Elyna spicata I. Eriophorum capitatum I. angustifolium I.
Agrostis stolonifer I. Hveravellir. Aira alpina I. Elymus arenarius I. Skagastrond. Festuca ovina I. Hierochloe borealis I. Phleum alpinum I. Poa alpina I. Anthoxanthum odoratum I.
Juniperus communis, v. nana I. Near Thingvellir.
Selaginella spinosa I. Hveravellir, etc. Lycopodium alpinum I. Hveravellir. F. selago I.
Blechnum spicant F. Cystopteris fragilis I. Botrychium lunaria I. Ophioglossum vulgatum, var. polyphyllum I. Hveravellir.
Equisetum arvense I. pratense I.
INDEX OF PLACES
Akrafjall, 129
Akureyri, 24-32, 50, 109, 196, 211, 218, 224
Alftafjord, 168, 170
Almanna-gjá, 107-109
Althing, 107, 116, 118, 119
Arctic Circle, 8, 24, 207
Arhver, 134
Arnarfjord, 155, 182
Arnarvatnsheithi, 122, 143
Ásquidsá, 76
Athalmansvatn, 53, 219
Athalmansvötn, 53
Audakilsá, 132
Barnafoss, 138-140, 143, 151, 153-155
Bathstovukver, 203, 204
Baula, 133, 155, 156, 161
Baula, Little, 155
Beljandi, 56
Berserkjahraun, 172, 176, 178
Berufjord, 214
Biludalr, 182
Bláfell, 83, 85, 88
Blandá, 55, 56, 192, 220
Blonduos, 192, 193
Bone Cave, 143, 146
Bordo, 12, 215
Borgarfjord, 132
Borovig, 13
Bortheyri, 192
Bratholt, 92, 95, 223
Breithifjord, 166, 169, 171, 172, 181, 182
Brgnjudalsá, 127
Bruará, 102, 103
Copenhagen, 1, 118
Dalatangi Point, 17
Deildardalr, 194
Draghals, 130, 132
Draghalsá, 131
Drangey Island, 195
Drapuhlitharfjall, 174
Dufufell, 60, 85
Dyrafjord, 183
Efriskutur, 80, 82
Einarstathir, 199, 200
Eldborg, 163-165
Engey Island, 119
Esja, 123, 124
Eskefjord, 213
Eyjafjord, 25, 29, 32, 196, 197
Eyjafjorthará, 29, 198
Eyri, 187
Eyriks Jökull, 137, 140, 142, 144, 161, 192
Eyvindarlaekur, 200
Fagraskogarfjall, 163, 164
Falakvisl, 69, 82
Faroes, 1, 6, 9, 185, 214, 215, 217
Faskruthsfjord, 214
Faxafloi (or Faxafjord), 156, 166
Ferstikluhals, 129
Fiskivötn, 142, 143
Fjnoská, 198
Flatey, 181
Flateyri, 186
Fljotsheithi, 199
Flokadalsá, 134
Fossá, 127
Framnes, 184
Fremrikot, 40
Geirsholmi, 128
Geitá, 140, 141
Geysir, 95, 97-102, 223, 224
Geysir, Little, 101
Gilhagi, 49, 50, 219, 222
Gilsbakki, 138, 140, 149, 150, 152, 154
Glerá, 31, 32
Gothafoss, 198
Gránanes, 68-70, 79, 80, 222, 223
Gretisbali, 163
Grimsá, 133, 134
Grjotá, 158, 161-163
Grjotardalr, 158
Grjotarvatn, 161
Grund, 132, 133
Gulf Stream, 124
Gullfoss, 80, 89-93, 96, 139, 223
Haffjathurá, 166, 167
Hegranes, 193
Helgafell, 163, 170, 171, 173, 174
Helgastathir, 200
Herradsvötn, 42-44, 47, 48, 194, 195
Hitá, 163, 164
Hitardalr, 163
Hjartharholt, 156, 158
Hoff Jökull, 54, 60, 68, 69, 85, 193
Hofthavatn, 195
Horgá, 32, 33
Horgadalr, 32
Horn, The, 188
Hornstrandr, 188
Hrafna-gjá, 104, 107, 108
Hraun, 183
Hraundalur, 159
Hrutafell, 54, 63, 64, 66-68, 83, 84
Hrutafjord, 192
Hunafjord, 192, 193
Hunafloi, 192, 193
Husafell, 140, 142
Husavik, 24, 25, 196, 198, 204-207, 218
Hvalfjord, 127, 129
Hvammsfjord, 172
Hvamsheithi, 202
Hveravellir, 57, 59, 62, 85, 220, 221, 224
Hvitá, 85, 86, 88, 90, 92, 129, 133, 137, 139, 140-143, 150, 151, 153-155, 223
Hvitarvatn, 60, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 90, 223
Icicle Cave, 143, 144, 149, 150
Isafjord, 186-188
Jarlhettur, 91
Jokulvisl, 72, 73
Kaldá, 140, 164, 165
Kalfstindar, 103
Kalmanstunga, 140-142, 145
Kalso, 12, 215
Kalsofjord, 12, 14, 215
Karl rock, 195
Kerling rock, 195
Kerlingarfjöll, 54, 71-76, 78, 79, 82-85, 150, 224
Kjalfell, 54, 68
Kjalhraun, 63, 83
Kjarrá, 155, 156
Klaksvig, 11-13
Kolbeinsdalr, 194
Kolbeinstathafjall, 164
Kolbeinstathir, 165, 166
Kropprmuli, 134
Kuno, 12, 215
Kuvikr, 189
Lagafell, 122
Lang Jökull, 54, 60, 63, 64, 66, 67, 70, 79, 81-83, 85, 90, 108, 122, 140, 141, 161, 192, 193
Langá, 158
Langanes, 23
Langavatn, 160, 161
Laug, 135
Laugarvatn, 103
Laugarvatnshellirar, 103
Laxá, 124, 125, 127, 129, 200, 202
Laxadal, 125
Laxavogr, 125
Leirárvogar, 129
Leiruvogsá, 123
Leith, 1, 3, 215
Lille Dimon, 6, 9
Litlisandr, 52
Ljosavatn, 198
Ljosavatnskarth, 198
Logberg, 107, 109
Lundey Island, 207
Maelifell, 49, 222
Maelifellshnukr, 43, 45, 49, 194
Malmey Island, 195
Mithfjord, 192
Mjofifjord, 17
Mossfell, 122, 123, 129
Mount Tarawera (N.Z.), 58
Muláfjall, 127
Mular, 158
Muli, 200
Murderesses' Pool, 108, 109
Myrkar Jökull, 194
Narfeyri, 168, 169
Nes, 201, 202
North Atlantic Drift, 124
North Cape, 188
North Island (N.Z.), 77
North-West Peninsula, 182, 188, 193
Northfjord, 16, 17, 213
Northingafljot, 142, 143, 149, 150
Northrá, 40-42, 156
Northradal, 41, 42
Northtunga, 155
Nypsfjord, 207
Oddeyri, 27, 31, 32, 198
Onundarfjord, 186
Oxará, 108, 109
Oxnadalr, 33, 218
Oxnadalsá, 33, 40
Patreksfjord, 182
Pink Terraces of N.Z., 58
Rauthamisolkaldá, 167
Rauthimelr, 166
Rauthkollur, 66, 67
Reykholt, 133-137, 139
Reykholtsdal, 137
Reykir, 203, 204
Reykjadalr, 199
Reykjadalsá, 134, 136, 155, 200
Reykjarfjord, 189
Reykjavik, 25, 49, 50, 102, 109-115, 117, 119, 121, 122, 133, 135, 172, 175, 179, 224
Reykjavisl, 203
Reynivallahals, 127
Reynivellir, 125-127
Sandá, 90, 223
Sandfell, 125
Saurar, 174
Sautharkrokr, 193
Seythisfjord, 17, 20, 21, 209, 211-213, 218
Siglufjord, 195
Silfrastathr, 42, 45, 46, 47, 218, 219
Sithumuli, 155
Skagafjord, 194
Skagastrond, 193
Skalafell, 123
Skarthsheithi, 132, 161
Skeljafiall, 54
Skjalfandafljot, 199
Skjalfandi, 24, 207
Skorradalsvatn, 132
Skriflir, 135
Skrutharfell, 83
Skuo, 6
Skutilsfjord, 186
Snaefell Peninsula, 168
Snaefellsnes, 166
South Ronaldshay, 5
Stafholt, 156
Statharhraun, 152, 156, 158, 159, 162, 163
Stathr, 129
Store Dimon, 9
Stori Ás, 137
Strangákvisl, 55
Strokur, 97, 98
Stromo, 9
Strutr, 137, 138, 141, 142
Strytur, 60, 61, 63-66, 68, 82, 83, 221, 222
Stykkisholm, 170-172, 179
Sudero, 6
Sugandisey, 172, 173
Surtshellir Caves, 122, 141-145, 150, 154
Svarfholsmuli, 158-160
Svartá, 48, 49
Svatá, 69, 82, 85, 223
Sviná, 124
Svinadal, 124, 129
Svinaskarth, 124
Thingeyri, 183
Thingvallavatn, 105, 107, 110
Thingvellir, 95, 104-111, 122, 223, 224
Thjofadal, 63, 66, 67, 221, 222
Thjofadalsá, 63
Thjofafell, 68
Thorshavn, 9, 185, 215
Thorvaldsdalsá, 151
Thverá (river), 155
Thverá (in Oxnadal), 35, 37, 218
Thyrill, 127-129
Thyrillsnes, 128
Trangisvaag, 6-8
Tunga, 138, 140, 142, 150
Tungufljot, 97
Tunguhver, 134, 155
Tungusveit, 48
Unadal Jökull, 194
Unadalr, 194
Uxhaver Geyser, 202, 203
Vallholt, 105
Vathlaheithi, 197, 198
Vatnsnes, 192
Veithileysa, 189, 190
Vestmannsvatn, 200
Vestradalsá, 208
Vestri-Skarthsheithi, 156, 158-160, 201
Vopnafjord, 21-23, 207, 208, 218
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
Telegrams: 37 Bedford Street, 'Scholarly, London.' Strand, London. _October, 1903._
Mr. Edward Arnold's
New and Popular Books.
MY MEMOIRS.
By HENRI STEPHAN DE BLOWITZ. Edited by STEPHAN LAUZANNE DE BLOWITZ.
_Second Impression. Demy 8vo. With Portrait. 15s. nett._
Contrary to the general belief, the late M. de Blowitz, who was for nearly thirty years the Paris Correspondent of _The Times_, had been engaged for some time before his death in putting into shape for publication some of the more remarkable incidents of his career. These characteristic chapters of autobiography, which have been arranged for the press by M. de Blowitz's adopted son, the Editor of _Le Matin_, reveal some of the methods by which the best-known of modern Correspondents achieved his greatest journalistic triumphs. M. de Blowitz describes in his own inimitable manner his early youth; how he became a journalist; his interview with Alphonso XII., when the latter was proclaimed King of Spain; how he averted the German invasion of France in 1875; the part he played at the Berlin Congress, when he secured the publication of the Treaty in _The Times_ on the very morning that it was signed; the subsequent attempt made, through the agency of a woman, to discover how he did it; what the Sultan told him during his visit to Constantinople; and the circumstances of Prince Bismarck's retirement. On these and many other topics which have been the source of world-wide curiosity, M. de Blowitz takes the reader into his confidence. He was the only man who could have written such memoirs--or who would have written them as he has done.
LONDON: EDWARD ARNOLD, 37 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND.
FURTHER RECOLLECTIONS OF A DIPLOMATIST.
By the Right Hon. Sir HORACE RUMBOLD, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.M.G.
_Demy 8vo. 15s. nett._
Sir Horace Rumbold begins the Second Series of his Recollections in the year 1873, at the point to which he brought his readers in the volumes already published. He begins by describing his stay in Chile, where he filled the position of Minister, and had the handling of the well-known Tacna affair; it required all a diplomatist's skill to prevent this curious episode from developing into a serious crisis between Great Britain and Chile. Returning home in 1876, Sir Horace enjoyed a period of leisure that enabled him to meet in society all the most famous men and women of the day; about this time he began to keep a diary, 'of almost Pepysian fulness,' to the no small advantage of the readers of his 'Recollections.' Later on we follow him to appointments in Greece and Sweden, retaining, wherever he found himself, that cosmopolitan interest in his surroundings that has made his earlier book such charming reading.
Sir Horace has not had time to prepare more than one volume for this autumn, but he hopes in due course to complete his 'Recollections,' and bring them down to the date of his retirement from the Diplomatic Service.
ODDS AND ENDS.
By FRANCIS PIGOU, D.D., Dean of Bristol,
AUTHOR OF 'PHASES OF MY LIFE,' ETC.
_Demy 8vo. 16s._
This is another instalment of Dean Pigou's apparently inexhaustible fund of anecdote and reminiscence. Readers of his 'Phases of my Life' will be prepared to enjoy the feast of good stories set before them in this new volume. Whether the subject be Boyhood and Schoolboy Life, or Sunday Schools, or Preaching, or Parochial Missions, or Cathedrals, or The Relation of Disease to Crime, or Club-life, or Odd People I have met, and Odd Sayings and Doings, they will rely on finding abundance of good wit, good humour, and good sense; and they will not be disappointed.
THE DIARY OF SIR JOHN MOORE.
Edited by Major-General Sir J. F. MAURICE, K.C.B.
_Two vols. Demy 8vo. With Portrait and Maps. 30s. nett._
This Diary covers the whole of Sir John Moore's military career from the time when he first saw service in Corsica in 1793 to within a fortnight of his death at Corunna in 1809. It seems to have been written with the minute care and perspicacity that characterized all Moore's work, and has been printed with scarcely the change of a word from the original. It not only contains a vivid record of military events during a momentous period, but gives free expression to the writer's views on his contemporaries, civil and military, on the policy pursued by Ministers, and the means adopted to face the gravest danger that has ever threatened the existence of Great Britain as an independent Power.
But the Diary is, above all, interesting from the light it throws upon the character of Sir John Moore himself; no one can read unmoved the unconscious testimony to his own virtues of this great man's private reflections, intended for no eye but his own. In modesty, in devotion to duty, in integrity, in military skill, he stands out in striking contrast to most of his contemporaries.
The Diary has been edited by General Sir Frederick Maurice, K.C.B., with appropriate introductions to Moore's various campaigns in Corsica, the West Indies, Flanders, Egypt, Sweden, Sicily, and the Peninsula; while the abortive French invasion of Ireland provides not the least interesting chapter in a valuable book.
The portrait of Sir John Moore is reproduced from the picture by Sir Thomas Lawrence in the National Portrait Gallery.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ARMY.
By L. S. AMERY,
EDITOR OF '"THE TIMES" HISTORY OF THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA.'
_Crown 8vo. 5s._
This is a reprint of the striking articles originally published in _The Times_. It is believed that many will be glad to possess in a permanent form this important contribution to the literature of the subject, consisting as it does of a serious inquiry by one of the leading writers of the day into the military needs of the Empire and the means of satisfying them. The book is rendered additionally interesting by the incorporation of extracts from the evidence given before the War Commission, which justifies the author's argument in the most remarkable manner.
THIRTY SEASONS IN SCANDINAVIA.
By E. B. KENNEDY.
_Demy 8vo. With numerous Illustrations. 10s. 6d. nett._
'No one has properly seen Norway,' says Mr. Kennedy, 'until he has been up and sojourned on the roof of that grand country'; and surely Mr. Kennedy has a right to speak, for he has spent thirty seasons in exploring every part, not only of its 'roof,' but of its fjords, lakes, rivers, and islands, and knows perhaps as much as any living man of Scandinavia from the sporting point of view. In this record of his adventures he writes of every kind of sport with delightful freshness and appreciation. He is a true sportsman, and as one reads one realizes the secret of his keen enjoyment of his life; for he understands men and loves animals, and has that observant sympathy with Nature in all its forms which many men who live in the open air either lack or are unable to express in words. His pages teem with anecdotes of fishing, shooting, hunting, and _ski-ing_, and contain incidentally many valuable hints on camping and cooking. There is also much interesting information about the people, their manners and customs; nor are the lemmings, beavers, and ponies forgotten.
The book, which is illustrated with some remarkable photographs, cannot fail to delight all lovers of the rod and gun.
FRATRIBUS.
Sermons preached mainly in Winchester College Chapel.
By JOHN TRANT BRAMSTON, M.A.
_Crown 8vo. 5s. nett._
Mr. Bramston has found, from an experience as a Winchester College house-master extending over thirty-four years, that the preacher most likely to influence a school congregation is not the professor or the lecturer, or even the schoolmaster, but the man who will speak to the boys as _brothers_, and endeavour to look at the problems of school-life from their own point of view. Among the twenty-seven sermons in this volume are included some specially addressed to the younger boys at the outset of their career. It is believed that schoolmasters and parents alike will find the collection a valuable one.
ROUND KANGCHENJUNGA.
By DOUGLAS W. FRESHFIELD, F.R.G.S.,
LATELY PRESIDENT OF THE ALPINE CLUB.
_Royal 8vo. With Maps and numerous Illustrations. 18s. nett._
The magnificent range of Kangchenjunga is perhaps, in one sense, the best-known portion of the Himalaya Mountains, inasmuch as it is visible from the popular hill-station of Darjiling; but till quite recently it was almost unexplored and very inadequately mapped. The complete circuit of the great mountain had never been made, and its possibility was uncertain, till it was demonstrated by Mr. Freshfield's remarkable journey.
The map which was the first-fruit of that journey is in itself an invaluable addition to our geographical knowledge, but the volume which describes it has a far wider range of interest. Its results have been dealt with by Professor Garwood, but the book will appeal first and foremost to mountaineers and lovers of adventurous travel. The country traversed has also its own crop of frontier questions and political and racial problems, and these, too, are dealt with by Mr. Freshfield with his usual clearness, while his descriptive powers have found abundant scope in what is, perhaps, the most superb scenery in the world. In connection with the numerous photographs which adorn his narrative, it is enough to mention the name of Signor Vittorio Sella.
MEMORIES OF THE MONTHS.
THIRD SERIES.
By the Right Hon. Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart., M.P.
_Large crown 8vo. With Photogravure Illustrations. 7s. 6d._
It is now three years since the Second Series of 'Memories of the Months' appeared, and it is hoped that the public will welcome this fresh instalment, which, while dealing with Sport and Natural History on the same general lines as its predecessors, is, of course, entirely different from anything that has hitherto been published in the 'Memories.' Sir Herbert is, indeed, continually adding to his stock of Memories by fresh experiences, so that his books afford a valuable index to the condition of angling and deer-stalking at the time of writing; while it is rare to find a sportsman who has so keen an interest in all matters of Natural History, Forestry, etc.
This volume is uniform in style and binding with the First and Second Series.
THREE ROLLING STONES IN JAPAN.
By GILBERT WATSON.
_Demy 8vo. With numerous Illustrations. 12s. 6d. nett._
Japan is proverbially a young man's paradise, and when three young men wander through the country with the fixed intention of enjoying themselves, one expects to hear a glowing account of their proceedings. But it is not often that the story combines literary charm with its other merits. The adventures of these 'Rolling Stones' are not only interesting--that they could hardly fail to be--but are described with quite exceptional skill.
Mr. Watson gives a picture of Japan and its people which fills one with a great longing. Possessing an artist's appreciation of the beautiful as well as a keen sense of humour, he sketches his scenery and characters with a light and sympathetic touch. The heroine Karakamoko, a rickshaw-man's daughter, who accompanies the party as interpreter and guide, is a most fascinating creature, with whom the reader will inevitably fall in love.
The book is copiously illustrated with photographs.
AUSTRALIND.
A Narrative of Wanderings in Western Australia and the Maylay East.
By HENRY TAUNTON.
_One volume 8vo. 10s. 6d. nett._
There are few of the wilder aspects of life in Australia of which Mr. Taunton does not possess an intimate first-hand knowledge, and a remarkable knack of vivid writing has enabled him to turn his varied material to excellent account. Whether he is lying in wait for wild cattle, riding after wild horses, or striving gallantly to sit a buck-jumper, the reader hears and sees and struggles with him. Equally graphic are his sketches of Australian types and of the aborigines, and his chapters on pearl-fishing give an interesting picture of this curious industry.
IMPERIAL FISCAL REFORM.
By Sir VINCENT H. P. CAILLARD.
_Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. nett._
Sir Vincent Caillard has long been meditating a comprehensive work on Imperial Trade and Finance. But in view of the general inquiry into the fiscal policy of the Empire suggested by Mr. Chamberlain last May, he has postponed for a time the completion of this work, thinking that he would render greater service to those who wish to take part in the inquiry by showing them in less voluminous form the figures and arguments which have led him to his well-known economic conclusions.
The present book is especially remarkable for the care taken to eliminate the effect on trade of the South African War, and to keep in view the conditions prevailing in normal circumstances. A large portion of the earlier chapters have already appeared in a more condensed shape in the pages of the _National Review_, but the concluding chapters are entirely fresh matter, and have been written with the express purpose of discussing the scheme for the preferential treatment of the colonies, as understood up to the present time. Sir Vincent Caillard directs the attention of all who desire earnestly to search for the truth to two propositions: (1) That preferential treatment of the colonies must only be looked upon as a step towards Free Trade within the Empire; and (2) that it is a very great error to draw hard-and-fast conclusions from the present conditions of the world without any regard to the future.
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER.
A Guide to Personal Culture.
By PHILIP GIBBS.
_Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d._
This book is a revised and much enlarged edition of the volume of Essays on self-education, by Mr. Gibbs, already so favourably received by the public to whom the name of 'Self-Help' is familiar as that of an attractive writer in weekly newspapers. It contains a series of articles on the various elements which contribute to the true culture of the mind, short sketches of Great Writers and studies on Great Subjects, together with many valuable suggestions for serious inquiry into 'the things which matter' and upon which every thoughtful man or woman should have an opinion.
PAT M'CARTY, FARMER OF ANTRIM: HIS RHYMES.
By J. STEVENSON.
_Crown 8vo. 6s. nett._
A good deal has been written lately about the coming poet of Ireland. Without going so far as to claim that rôle for Pat M'Carty, we are confident that he will be welcomed as _an_ Irish poet, whose native notes are thoroughly racy of the soil. A poet must make his own way with his readers; but we can at least promise this to those who will give Pat a trial--that, whether they like him or not, they will find him something entirely unexpected.
LADY ANNE'S WALK.
By ELEANOR ALEXANDER.
_Large crown 8vo. With Photogravure Illustrations, 7s. 6d._
To Miss Alexander, residing in the historic palace of Armagh, with her father the Archbishop, and deeply sensitive to the _religio loci_, it was a natural and pretty fancy to find its embodiment in Lady Anne, who lived there in her day with a former Primate, her brother, and to weave about her memory pleasant pictures of an age and a generation that have passed away. But she draws her inspirations from other sources, too--from legend and old-world history, and from the present as well as from the past--the beauties of the venerable precincts as they are to-day, and the humours of its inhabitants and visitants. The result is a charming pot-pourri, which should appeal to all who are susceptible to the charm and romance of Ireland.
THE SAD END OF ERICA'S BLACKAMOOR
By F. CLAUDE KEMPSON.
_Super royal 4to. 3s. 6d._
This is a delightful children's picture-book, full of amusing fancy and clever black-and-white drawing. The 'story' is written in capitals by hand, and reproduced in facsimile.
NEW NOVELS.
_Crown 8vo. 6s. each._
THE BERYL STONES.
By Mrs. ALFRED SIDGWICK.
AUTHOR OF 'CYNTHIA'S WAY,' 'THE THOUSAND EUGENIAS,' ETC.
THE RIVER OF VENGEANCE.
By PHILIP LAURENCE OLIPHANT.
AUTHOR OF 'THE LITTLE RED FISH.'
GOD'S SCHOLARS.
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH.
THE NEBULY COAT.
By J. MEADE FALKNER.
AUTHOR OF 'MOONFLEET.'
THE LONGSHOREMEN.
By GEORGE BARTRAM.
THE KEY OF PARADISE.
By SIDNEY PICKERING.
AUTHOR OF 'VERITY.'
MR. PAGE'S WILD OATS.
By CHARLES EDDY.
AUTHOR OF 'WINIFRED AND THE STOCKBROKER' AND 'THE TAINT OF THE CITY.'
THE BOY, SOME HORSES, AND A GIRL. A Tale of an Irish Trip.
By DOROTHEA CONYERS.
NEW EDITIONS.
THE LIFE OF FATHER DOLLING. By the Rev. C. E. OSBORNE, Vicar of Seghill, Northumberland. Crown 8vo. 6s.
TALKS WITH MR. GLADSTONE. By the Hon. L. A. TOLLEMACHE. Large crown 8vo. With a Portrait of Mr. Gladstone. 6s.
A MEMOIR OF ANNE J. CLOUGH, PRINCIPAL OF NEWNHAM COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. By her Niece, BLANCHE A. CLOUGH. Crown 8vo. With Portrait. 6s.
ESSEX HOUSE PRESS PUBLICATIONS.
MR. EDWARD ARNOLD has much pleasure in calling attention to the fact that almost without exception these interesting books have all been bought up and become out of print before publication, while one or two that have found their way into the sale-rooms have commanded a high premium.
These books are printed by the Guild of Handicraft, at Essex House, on the hand presses used by the late Mr. William Morris at the Kelmscott Press. Members of Mr. Morris's staff are also retained at the Essex House Press, and it is the hope of the Guild of Handicraft by this means to continue in some measure the tradition of good printing and fine workmanship which William Morris revived.
Subscribers to the complete series of Essex House Publications are given priority for any new book issued, and the number of subscribers is constantly increasing. Intending subscribers and persons who desire to receive announcements of the forthcoming publications are recommended to enter their names as soon as possible.
_ORDERS MAY NOW BE GIVEN FOR THE FOLLOWING:_
=Wordsworth's 'Ode on the Intimations of Immortality.'= With frontispiece drawn by WALTER CRANE. Vellum Series. 150 copies. £2 2s. nett.
=Heine's 'Selected Songs.'= Edited by EDMOND HOLMES. This book will contain a frontispiece by REGINALD SAVAGE, and will be uniform in size with the 'Endeavour.' It will be printed in the original German. The edition will consist of 250 paper copies bound in boards at 1 guinea, and 12 vellum copies at 2 guineas each.
=The Guild of Handicraft Song-Book.= With cuts and music in four-page sheets at 1s. a sheet, to be issued in sets of ten at a time, or bound up subsequently by arrangement.
Cicero's 'De Amicitia' in Latin and English (John Harrington's translation, Elizabethan).
_COPIES MAY YET BE OBTAINED OF THE FOLLOWING:_
=The 'Parentalia' of Sir Christopher Wren.= The Life and Account of the Works of the Great Architect by his Son. Containing a series of illustrations of the remaining City Churches. £3 13s. 6d. nett.
=Benvenuto Cellini's Treatises on Metal Work and Sculpture.= By C. R. ASHBEE. 600 copies. A few still left. 35s. nett.
=Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress.= Edited from the earlier editions by JANET E. ASHBEE, with a frontispiece by REGINALD SAVAGE. Vellum cover. 750 copies. 30s. nett.
=American Sheaves and English Seed Corn.= By C. R. ASHBEE. 300 copies. 30s. nett.
=The Doings of Death.= Folio Volume of Large Woodcuts. By WILLIAM STRANG. 140 copies. £6 6s.
=The Old Palace of Bromley-by-Bow.= By ERNEST GODMAN. 350 copies, of which 200 are for the use of the Committee for the Survey of the Memorials of Greater London, leaving 150 for sale. 21s. nett.
=The Masque of the Edwards of England.= By C. R. ASHBEE. With a series of pictured pageants by EDITH HARWOOD. Limited to 300 copies at £3 3s. There are also 20 copies on vellum, coloured in water-colours by the artist, at £12 12s.
KING EDWARD THE SEVENTH'S PRAYER-BOOK.
This will be a sumptuous edition of the Book of Common Prayer, which, by gracious permission of His Majesty, will be entitled 'King Edward the Seventh's Prayer-Book.'
The new Prayer-Book will be hand printed at the Essex House Press, and, whilst conforming to the Authorized Version, will rank, as a piece of typography, with the Great Prayer-Book of Edward VI. It is to be in new type designed by Mr. C. R. Ashbee, with about one hundred and fifty woodcuts, and is to be printed in red and black on Batchelor hand-made paper. There will also probably be a special binding of green vellum with a gold block design and clasps.
Exceptional circumstances connected with the Book of Common Prayer render it essential that this work, in order to be of historic value, shall be issued with the imprint of the King's printers; the Prayer-Book will therefore be published by his Majesty's printers, Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode, acting under the Royal Letters Patent, who will superintend the work of the Essex House Press.
Mr. EDWARD ARNOLD, publisher to the Essex House Press, is now entering subscriptions for the work, and as the few available copies are being rapidly taken up, those who desire to possess this important work are recommended to apply as soon as possible.
The edition will be strictly limited to a total of four hundred copies for England and America, at a price of Twelve Guineas (£12 12s.) nett. There will also be five copies for England on vellum at Forty Pounds (£40) nett, all of which are already sold.
THE NATIONAL REVIEW.
Edited by L. J. MAXSE.
_Price 2s. 6d. net._
This important Review now occupies the foremost place among the monthly periodicals of the United Kingdom. Its circulation has shown a steady and continuous increase, and is at present more than double what it was five years ago. It has, moreover, established for itself a unique position from the tone of public-spirited independence in which it approaches the political and social questions of the day. The influence of the NATIONAL REVIEW, and the respect in which it is held, may be gauged from the attention given every month by the Press, both English and foreign, to the articles appearing in the current number, as well as from the list of contributors, some of whose names are given below.
The NATIONAL REVIEW pays special attention to Foreign Politics, and each number contains a series of Editorial Notes, summing up in a masterly fashion the more important 'Episodes of the Month' both at home and abroad. Another special feature is the prominence given to the affairs of the United States. Literature and Finance are also ably handled, and articles in a lighter vein are to be found in every number.
Some of the Contributors to the 'National Review.'
THE ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH. H. O. ARNOLD-FORSTER, M.P. LORD ALVERSTONE. RIGHT HON. H. H. ASQUITH, K.C., M.P. LORD AVEBURY. RIGHT HON. A. J. BALFOUR, M.P. SIR ROWLAND BLENNERHASSETT, Bart. RIGHT HON. ST. JOHN BRODRICK, M.P. SIR VINCENT CAILLARD. RIGHT HON. J. CHAMBERLAIN, M.P. ARTHUR CHAMBERLAIN. E. T. COOK. LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON. PROFESSOR A. V. DICEY, K.C. RIGHT HON. SIR MOUNTSTUART GRANT-DUFF. SIR EDWARD GREY, Bart., M.P. COL. LONSDALE HALE, R.E. RIGHT HON. LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, M.P. BENJAMIN KIDD. RUDYARD KIPLING. SIDNEY J. LOW. CAPTAIN A. T. MAHAN. J. A. FULLER MAITLAND. W. H. MALLOCK. GEORGE MEREDITH. DR. MAX NORDAU. H.M. KING OSCAR II. RIGHT HON. SIR HORACE RUMBOLD, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.M.G. THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY, K.G. SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B.
THE TIMES ATLAS.
This well-known and magnificent work, which is generally considered the finest reference Atlas that has ever been produced, is issued in the following Editions:
Handsome cloth binding 27s. 6d. nett. Half morocco, gilt edges 35s. nett. Fully bound Edition de Luxe 55s. nett.
_Published in the Spring of 1903._
RECOLLECTIONS OF A TOWN BOY AT WESTMINSTER, 1849-1855. By CAPTAIN F. MARKHAM, late Rifle Brigade. Demy 8vo. With Illustrations. 10s. 6d. nett.
NATURE'S LAWS AND THE MAKING OF PICTURES. By W. L. WYLLIE, A.R.A. With over eighty illustrations from drawings by the author, and a few finely executed reproductions of famous paintings in the National Gallery. Super royal 4to., 15s. nett.
WITH MACDONALD IN UGANDA. By MAJOR HERBERT H. AUSTIN, C.M.G., D.S.O., R.E., Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Demy 8vo. With numerous Illustrations and a Map. 15s. nett.
THE TALE OF A TOUR IN MACEDONIA. By G. F. ABBOTT. Demy 8vo. With Illustrations and a Map. Second Impression. 14s. nett.
JOURNALS OF FIELD-MARSHAL COUNT VON BLUMENTHAL, for 1866 and 1870-71. Edited by COUNT ALBRECHT VON BLUMENTHAL. Translated by MAJOR A. D. GILLESPIE-ADDISON. Demy 8vo. With Portraits and Maps. 12s. 6d. nett.
THE MINOR MORALIST. By Mrs. HUGH BELL. Second Impression. Crown 8vo., 4s. 6d. nett.
THE DEAN OF ST. PATRICK'S: A Play in Four Acts. By Mrs. HUGH BELL. Crown 8vo., 2s. 6d. nett.
NOVELS.
THE ABSURD REPENTANCE. By ST. JOHN LUCAS. Crown 8vo. 6s.
THE LITTLE RED FISH. By PHILIP LAURENCE OLIPHANT. Crown 8vo. 6s.
THE TAINT OF THE CITY. By CHARLES EDDY, Author of 'Winifred and the Stockbroker.' Crown 8vo. 6s.
THE TEMPLARS. By E. H. LACON WATSON. Crown 8vo. 6s.
STANDARD WORKS FOR THE LIBRARY.
THE ENEMIES OF ENGLAND. By the Hon. GEORGE PEEL. Second Impression. Demy 8vo., 12s. 6d. nett.
IMPERIUM ET LIBERTAS. By BERNARD HOLLAND. Demy 8vo., 12s. 6d. nett.
ENGLAND IN EGYPT. By VISCOUNT MILNER, High Commissioner for South Africa. With an additional chapter by Sir CLINTON DAWKINS. Eleventh Impression. Revised, with Maps. 6s.
TURKEY IN EUROPE. By ODYSSEUS. With Maps, 1 vol., demy 8vo., 16s.
STYLE. By WALTER RALEIGH, Professor of English Literature in the University of Glasgow. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo., 5s.
MILTON. By WALTER RALEIGH. Crown 8vo., cloth, 6s.
WORDSWORTH. By WALTER RALEIGH. Crown 8vo., cloth, 6s.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By WALTER RALEIGH. Second Edition. Crown 8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d.
THE HOUSE OF SELEUCUS. By EDWYN ROBERT BEVAN. 2 vols. With Portraits, Plates, and Maps. Demy 8vo., 30s. nett.
CROSS-BENCH VIEWS ON CURRENT CHURCH QUESTIONS. By H. HENSLEY HENSON, Canon of Westminster and Rector of St. Margaret's. Demy 8vo., 12s. 6d.
THE CHANCES OF DEATH, and other Studies in Evolution. By KARL PEARSON, F.R.S., Author of 'The Ethic of Free Thought,' etc. 2 vols., demy 8vo., Illustrated, 25s. nett.
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR. By C. LLOYD MORGAN, LL.D., F.R.S., Principal of University College, Bristol. With numerous Illustrations. Large crown, 10s. 6d.
HABIT AND INSTINCT: A STUDY IN HEREDITY. By Professor LLOYD MORGAN. Demy 8vo., 16s.
FOOD AND THE PRINCIPLES OF DIETETICS. By ROBERT HUTCHISON, M.D. Edin., M.R.C.P., Assistant Physician to the London Hospital and to the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. Fifth Impression. Illustrated. Demy 8vo., 16s. nett.
THE PRINCIPLES OF LANDED ESTATE MANAGEMENT. By HENRY HERBERT SMITH, Fellow of the Institute of Surveyors; Agent to the Marquess of Lansdowne, K.G., the Earl of Crewe, Lord Methuen, etc. With Plans and Illustrations. Demy 8vo., 16s.
OLD ENGLISH GLASSES. An Account of Glass Drinking-Vessels in England from Early Times to the end of the Eighteenth Century. With Introductory Notices of Continental Glasses during the same period, Original Documents, etc. Dedicated by special permission to Her Majesty the Queen. By ALBERT HARTSHORNE, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Illustrated by nearly 70 full-page Tinted or Coloured Plates in the best style of Lithography, and several hundred outline Illustrations in the text. Super royal 4to., £3 3s. nett.
POPULAR BOOKS.
A BOOK ABOUT ROSES. By the Very Rev. S. REYNOLDS HOLE, Dean of Rochester. Nineteenth Edition. Illustrated by H. G. MOON and G. S. ELGOOD, R.I. Presentation Edition, with Coloured Plates, 6s. Popular Edition, 3s. 6d.
A BOOK ABOUT THE GARDEN AND THE GARDENER. By Dean HOLE. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
THE MEMORIES OF DEAN HOLE. By Dean HOLE. With Illustrations from Sketches by Leech and Thackeray. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo., 6s.
A LITTLE TOUR IN IRELAND. By 'OXONIAN' (Dean Hole). Illustrated by JOHN LEECH. Large crown 8vo., 6s.
SEVENTY YEARS OF IRISH LIFE. By the late W. R. LE FANU. Popular Edition. Crown 8vo., 6s.
PHASES OF MY LIFE. By the Very Rev. FRANCIS PIGOU, Dean of Bristol. Sixth Edition. With Portrait. Crown 8vo., 6s.
FRANCIS: the Little Poor Man of Assisi. By JAMES ADDERLEY, Author of 'Stephen Remarx.' Second Edition. With Portrait of St. Francis. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
MONSIEUR VINCENT: a Short Life of St. Vincent de Paul. By JAMES ADDERLEY. With Devotional Portrait. Small crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
MEMORIES OF THE MONTHS (First, Second, and Third Series). By the Right Hon. Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart., M.P. With Photogravure Illustrations. Large crown 8vo., 3 vols. (sold separately), 7s. 6d. each.
POULTRY-KEEPING AS AN INDUSTRY FOR FARMERS AND COTTAGERS. By EDWARD BROWN, F.L.S., Secretary of the National Poultry Organization Society. Fourth Edition. Crown 4to., Illustrated, 6s.
FANCY DRESSES DESCRIBED. By ARDERN HOLT. An Alphabetical Dictionary of Fancy Costumes. With full accounts of the Dresses. About 60 Illustrations by LILIAN YOUNG, many of them coloured. Demy 8vo., 7s. 6d. nett.
A TEXT-BOOK OF NURSING FOR HOME AND HOSPITAL USE. By C. WEEKS SHAW. Revised and largely re-written by W. RADFORD, House Surgeon at the Poplar Hospital, under the supervision of Sir DYCE DUCKWORTH, M.D., F.R.C.P. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
COMMON-SENSE COOKERY: Based on Modern English and Continental Principles worked out in Detail. By Colonel A. KENNEY-HERBERT ('Wyvern'). Large crown 8vo., over 500 pages, 7s. 6d.
_BY THE SAME AUTHOR._
FIFTY BREAKFASTS: containing a great variety of New and Simple Recipes for Breakfast Dishes. Small 8vo., 2s. 6d.
FIFTY DINNERS. Small 8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d.
FIFTY LUNCHES. Small 8vo., cloth, 2s. 6d.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
MY ADVENTURES DURING THE LATE WAR: A Narrative of Shipwreck, Captivity, Escapes from French Prisons, and Sea Service in 1804-1814. By DONAT HENCHY O'BRIEN, Captain R.N. Edited by Professor C. W. OMAN. With Maps and Illustrations. Large crown 8vo., 7s. 6d.
ADVENTURES WITH THE CONNAUGHT RANGERS FROM 1809-1814. By WILLIAM GRATTAN, Esq., late Lieutenant Connaught Rangers. Edited by Professor C. W. OMAN. With Maps and Illustrations. Large crown 8vo., 7s. 6d.
WAGNER'S HEROES. By CONSTANCE MAUD. Illustrated by H. GRANVILLE FELL. Fourth Impression. Crown 8vo., 5s.
WAGNER'S HEROINES. By CONSTANCE MAUD. Illustrated by W. T. MAUD. Second Impression. Crown 8vo., 5s.
MEN OF MIGHT. Studies of Great Characters. By A. C. BENSON, M.A., and H. F. W. TATHAM, M.A., Assistant Masters at Eton College. Fourth Impression. Crown 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.
LAMB'S ADVENTURES OF ULYSSES. With an Introduction by ANDREW LANG. Square 8vo., cloth, 1s. 6d. Also the Prize Edition, gilt edges, 2s.
PATRIOTIC SONG: A Book of English Verse. Being an Anthology of the Patriotic Poetry of the English Empire from the Defeat of the Spanish Armada until the Death of Queen Victoria. Selected and arranged by ARTHUR STANLEY. Crown 8vo., 2s. 6d.
HISTORICAL TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE. By A. T. QUILLER-COUCH ('Q'). Author of 'The Ship of Stars,' etc. Crown 8vo., 6s.
FRIENDS OF THE OLDEN TIME. By ALICE GARDNER, Lecturer in History at Newnham College, Cambridge. Fourth Impression. Illustrated, 2s. 6d.
ROME: THE MIDDLE OF THE WORLD. By ALICE GARDNER, Second Edition. Illustrated, 3s. 6d.
ANIMAL SKETCHES: A Popular Book of Natural History. By Professor C. LLOYD MORGAN, F.R.S. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
TAILS WITH A TWIST. An Animal Picture-Book by E. T. REED, Author of 'Pre-Historic Peeps,' etc. With Verses by 'A BELGIAN HARE.' Oblong demy 4to., 3s. 6d.
ERIC THE ARCHER. By MAURICE H. HERVEY. With 8 full-page Illustrations. Handsomely bound, crown 8vo., 5s.
THE REEF OF GOLD. By MAURICE H. HERVEY. With numerous full-page Illustrations. Handsomely bound, gilt edges, 5s.
HARTMANN THE ANARCHIST; or, The Doom of the Great City. By E. DOUGLAS FAWCETT. With sixteen full-page and numerous smaller Illustrations by F. T. JANE. Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d.
EDWARD ARNOLD, 37 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Polygonum viviparum_ in the "host" for the Uredo stage of this fungus, and the disease was noticed on it in several places.
[2] "On some Algæ from Hot Springs," G. S. West, _Journal of Botany_, July 1902, p. 242.
[3] Not in _Warming's_ list, but given by _Babington_ from Akureyri.