Part 104

Morphologically the last-named muscle belongs to the extensor group. In man and in the dog and many other animals it is an extensor in function.

Footnote 209:

In veterinary works these are frequently termed plantar nerves, which is an unfortunate misnomer. The writer inclines to the use of the old term metacarpal or common digital to designate the nerves as far as their divisions, and the term digital beyond this.

Footnote 210:

The special statements of this description refer to the system of the horse. A few important differential features will be mentioned in the account of the nervous system of the other animals.

Footnote 211:

The right and left plexuses communicate with each other, so that both lungs receive fibers from both vagi.

Footnote 212:

It has been customary to designate these in veterinary works as the semilunar or cœliac ganglia, but in the horse they evidently include the anterior mesenteric ganglia as well.

Footnote 213:

A good preparation of the ganglia in the horse is often difficult to obtain on account of aneurysm of the artery and the formation of a quantity of connective tissue about it.

Footnote 214:

Only the most salient differences as compared with the horse will be mentioned.

Footnote 215:

The origin of the lacrimal nerve is such that Ellenberger-Baum and Martin describe it as a branch of the maxillary nerve.

Footnote 216:

Lesbre terms this the tracheo-œsophageal branch, and considers that it must be regarded as an accessory or internal recurrent nerve.

Footnote 217:

This belongs to the upper eyelid, but is described here on account of its position.

Footnote 218:

According to Piersol the system of spaces and canaliculi in the substantia propria is completely filled by the cells and their processes, upon which the nutrition of the cornea largely depends. The lamina elastica anterior, formerly described as a distinct layer between the corneal epithelium and the substantia propria, does not exist as such, but there is a condensation of the superficial part, of the latter, which Rollett termed the anterior limiting layer; it is not elastic.

Footnote 219:

In albinos the pigment is absent here, as elsewhere, and the iris is pinkish in color.

Footnote 220:

For the minute structure of the retina reference must be made to histological works.

Footnote 221:

Ellenberger and Baum regard this as the homologue of the transversus and obliquus auriculæ of man.

Footnote 222:

There is, strictly speaking, no osseous part of the tube such as occurs in man. In the horse the cartilage extends to the tympanic orifice.

Footnote 223:

For the finer structure reference is to be made to the histological literature.

Footnote 224:

This muscle has been described in the Myology.

Footnote 225:

To prevent a possible misapprehension, it may be stated that the epidermis primarily molds the corium, and that the glands and hair-follicles are invaginations of the epidermis.

Footnote 226:

The hoof may be loosened and removed intact by allowing the foot to macerate or by boiling it.

Footnote 227:

The term foot is used here in the popular sense, _i. e._, to designate the hoof and the structures inclosed within it.

Footnote 228:

The wide groove at the heels, however, contains chiefly the matrix of the periople.

Footnote 229:

The lower punctum lacrimale is frequently absent and the corresponding duct therefore blind. There is often a duct or its remnant which opens below the inferior turbinal fold, but is not connected behind with the functional duct.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Page Changed from Changed to

149 arch; _t_, _t′_, superior arch; _t_, _t′_, superior ischiatic spine; _n_, ischiatic spine; _u_, acetabulum; _v_, epiphyseal line acetabulum; _v_, epiphyseal line

● Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. ● Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter. ● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. ● Enclosed bold font in =equals=. ● The caret (^) serves as a superscript indicator, applicable to individual characters (like 2^d) and even entire phrases (like 1^{st}). ● Subscripts are shown using an underscore (_) with curly braces { }, as in H_{2}O.