A practical course in botany

MATERIAL.—In addition to the four food tests described in Exps. 1-6, there should be provided some raw starch, a solution of grape sugar, the white of a hard-boiled egg, and any...

APPLIANCES.—Matches; wood splinters; gas jet or alcohol lamp; test tubes; a small quantity of mercuric oxide; a thermometer; a couple of two-quart preserve jars, and a smaller w...

MATERIAL.—For experiments in osmosis provide fresh and boiled slices of red beet, a fresh egg, a piece of ox bladder or some parchment paper; glass tubing, thread, twine, elasti...

EXPERIMENT 54. TO SHOW THE MOVEMENTS OF TWINING STEMS.—Raise a young hop or bean seedling in the schoolroom and allow it to grow about two decimeters—8 to 10 inches—in length be...

MATERIAL.—For determinate growth, have twigs of an alternate and an opposite-leaved plant showing well-developed terminal buds: hickory, sweet gum, cottonwood, poplar, chestnut,...

MATERIAL.—Leaves of different kinds showing the various modes of attachment, shapes, texture, etc. For stipules, leaves on very young twigs should be selected, as these bodies o...

MATERIAL.—For monocotyls, any flower of the lily family, such as tulip, dogtooth violet (_Erythronium_), trillium, star-of-Bethlehem, yucca, bear’s grass, and the like. The larg...

MATERIAL.—Green ears of corn or wheat, fresh pods of beans, young fruits of apple, grape, tomato, melon, buckeye, chestnut, or pecan. A young fruiting stem of squash, gourd, or...

=308. Definition.=—By _ecology_ is meant the relation of plants to their surroundings, which may be considered under three general heads: their relations to inanimate nature, to...

=331. Order of development.=—All the forms that have hitherto claimed our attention belong to the great division of Spermatophytes, or seed-bearing plants, designated also as _P...