part i (1874), pl. ii. It contains the _pericope de adultera_ in

St. John, but in the Vulgate, not the Old Latin, text.

_r_2. CODEX USSERIANUS II [ix or x], also in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin (A. iv. 6). Contains the four Gospels, St. Matt. in the Old Latin and in a text allied to _r_1; St. Mark, the early part of St. Luke, and the small portion (only five leaves) extant of St. John, present a text very near the Vulgate. Dr. Abbott inserted a collation of this MS. in the second volume of his book, and also a facsimile. _Mut._ Matt. i. 1-18, ii. 6-iv. 24; v. 29-xiii. 7; xiv. 1-xvi. 13; xviii. 31-xix. 26; xxvii. 58-xxviii. 20; Mark iii. 23-iv. 19; v. 31-vi. 13; Luke i. 1-13; ii. 15-iii. 8; vi. 39-vii. 11; xi. 53-xii. 45; xiv. 18-xv. 25; xvi. 15-xvii. 7; xxii. 35-59; xxiii. 14-xxiv. 53; John i. 1-v. 12; vi. 24-viii. 7; x. 3-xxi. 25.

_s._ FRAGMENTA AMBROSIANA [vi], now in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, where they are bound up in a volume (C. 73 inf.) containing various treatises; they belonged originally to the Monastery of St. Columban at Bobbio. Four leaves only remain, containing Luke xvii. 3-29; xviii. 39-xix. 47; xx. 46-xxi. 22. They have been edited by Ceriani, Monumenta sacra et profana, tom. i. fasc. i (Milan, 1861), and again in Old Lat. Bibl. Texts, vol. ii; a facsimile is given by the Palaeographical Society, series i. plate 54.

_t._ FRAGMENTA BERNENSIA [v], palimpsest fragments, now at Berne, where they are bound up in a volume numbered 611; exceedingly difficult to decipher, as the later writing is parallel to the original text. Contain Mark i. 2-23; ii. 22-27; iii. 11-18. They were first published by Professor H. Hagen under the title “Ein Italafragment aus einem Berner Palimpsest des VI. Jahrhunderts” in Hilgenfeld’s “Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie,” vol. xxvii. p. 470 ff. (Leipzig, 1884); reprinted in Old Latin Bibl. Texts, vol. ii, with rather important alterations in the conjectural restitution of the missing half-columns.

_v._ FRAGMENTUM VINDOBONENSE [vii], at Vienna, where it is bound up at the beginning of a volume numbered Lat. 502 and entitled “Pactus legis Ripuariae;” it contains John xix. 27-xx. 11, but the writing is much faded. Transcribed by the Bishop of Salisbury and the Rev. H. J. White in 1887, and published in Old Latin Bibl. Texts, vol. iii.

_aur._ CODEX AUREUS or HOLMIENSIS, in the Royal Library at Stockholm; Gospels [vii or viii], 195 leaves, complete with the exception of one leaf, which contained Luke xxi. 8-30. According to an inscription in Old English on the title-page, the book was purchased by Alfred the Alderman from the pagans [Danes?] when Alfred was king and Ethelred archbishop (A.D. 871-89), for the use of Christ Church, Canterbury. It afterwards found its way to Madrid, where Sparvenfeldt bought it in 1690 from the Library of the Marquis de Liche. Edited, with facsimiles, by Belsheim (Christiania, 1878), who classes it as Old Latin; but it is really a Vulgate text, though with a certain admixture of Old Latin readings. Hort’s _holm_. (Introd., Notes, p. 5).

_a_2. FRAGMENTA CURIENSIA [v or vi], formerly preserved amongst the Episcopal archives at Chur or Coire, now placed in the Reatisches Museum of the same city. M. Batiffol was the first to suggest that these fragments belonged to the same MS. as _n_; and though this view was combated at first by Mr. White, it was reasserted strongly by Dr. Corssen (Göttingsche gel. Anzeigen, 1889, p. 316), and further examination has shown that it is correct. The fragments contain Luke xi. 11-29; xiii. 16-34; they were first discovered by Professor Hidber, of Berne, then described by Professor E. Ranke in the “Theol. Studien u. Kritiken,” 1872, pp. 505-520, and afterwards edited by him in full, Curiensia Ev. Lucani Fragmenta Latiua (Vienna, 1874).

δ. CODEX SANGALLENSIS, the interlinear Latin of Cod. Δ, stands remarkable especially for its alternative renderings of the Greek, such as ’uxorem uel coniugem’ for τὴν γυναῖκα Matt. i. 20, and in almost every verse. How far the Latin text of these MSS. is independent, and how far it is a mere reproduction of the Greek, or whether the Greek has in turn been influenced by the Latin, is one of those elaborate and obscure problems which are still very far from solution. The reader is referred to Prof. J. Rendel Harris’ work, The Codex Sangallensis (Cambridge, 1891), for an interesting discussion of these alternative readings.

_In the Acts_ we have Codd. _d m_ as in the Gospels; _e_ the Latin version of Cod. E (Laudianus) of the Acts, and also:—

_g._ COD. GIGAS HOLMIENSIS [xiii], a Bohemian MS. of the whole N. T., now at Stockholm, so called from its great size. Contains the Acts and Apocalypse in the Old Latin version, the rest of the N. T. in the Vulgate. Mr. Belsheim published the Acts and Apocalypse in full and a collation of the other books (Christiania, 1878). His edition was carefully revised for the Bishop of Salisbury by Dr. H. Karlsson in 1891.

_g_2. FRAGMENTUM MEDIOLANENSE [x or xi], from a lectionary; discovered by Ceriani in the Ambrosian Library at Milan and published by him in “Monumenta Sacra et Profana,” tom. i. fasc. ii. p. 127 (see also preface, pp. vi and vii). Contains Acts vi. 8-vii. 2; 51-viii. 4; i.e. lection for St. Stephen’s day.

_h._ PALIMPSESTUS FLORIACENSIS [vi or vii], now in the Bibl. Nat. at Paris, where it forms foll. 113 to 130 of a volume containing various treatises and numbered Lat. 6400 G; it was formerly numbered 5367, and was as such quoted by Sabatier, tom. iii. p. 507 ff., who had collated the first three pages. An inscription on fol. 130 shows it to have belonged in the eleventh century to the famous Benedictine Abbey of Fleury on the Loire. Mr. A. Vansittart deciphered and published some more in the “Journal of Philology” (vol. ii, 1869, p. 240, and vol. iv, 1872, p. 219), and M. H. Omont published four pages of the Apocalypse in the “Bibl. de l’École des chartes” (vol. xliv. 1883, p. 445). Belsheim published an edition of the fragments in 1887 (“Appendix Epist. Paulin. ex cod. Sangerm.,” Christiania); and finally M. Berger published a most careful and complete edition in 1889 (Le Palimpseste de Fleury, Paris, Fischbacher). The MS. contains fragments of the Apocalypse, the Acts, 1 and 2 Peter, and 1 John; in the order above mentioned. Of the Acts in M. Berger’s edition we obtain the following:—iii. 2-iv. 18; v. 23-vii. 2; 42-viii. 2; ix. 4-23; xiv. 5-23; xvii. 34-xviii. 19; xxiii. 8-24; xxvi. 20-xxvii. 13. Facsimile given by Berger.

_s._ COD. BOBIENSIS [v or vi], at Vienna, consisting of a number of palimpsest leaves preserved loose and numbered Lat. 16 (_see_ “Tabulae Codd. MSS. praeter graecos et orientales in bibl. Palatina Vindob. asservatorum,” 1863-1875). They were brought with other MSS. to Vienna from Naples in 1717, and formerly belonged to the famous Monastery at Bobbio. Described by Denis (Codd. MSS. theolog. bibl. Palat. Vindob., tom. ii. p. 1, col. 628) and later by von Eichenfeld (Wiener Jahrb. der Literatur, 1824, Bd. xxvi. p. 20); then by Tischendorf in the same periodical (1847, Bd. cxx. p. 36). Finally published in full by Belsheim (Fragmenta Vindobonensia, Christiania, 1886), who printed all the fragments of this very hard palimpsest which Tischendorf had been able to decipher, and the leaves which he himself had been able to make out in addition. We thus obtain Acts xxiii. 18-23; xxv. 23-27; xxvi. 22-xxvii. 7; 10-24; 28-31; xxviii. 16-28. The same MS. also contains fragments of St. James and 1 Peter; _see_ below.

_In the Catholic Epistles_ we have:—

_ff._ CODEX CORBEIENSIS [x], of the Epistle of St. James, now in the Imperial Library at St. Petersburg, where it was numbered Qv. i. 39. Formerly belonging to the Corbey Library, where it was numbered 635, it was about 1638 transferred to St. Germain des Prés and was numbered 717 in Dom Poirier’s catalogue (made about 1791); and finally was taken to St. Petersburg by Peter Dubrowsky about 1805 (see above on _ff_1, p. 46). The Epistle was published in 1695 by Martianay in the same volume which included _ff_1; later by Mr. Belsheim (Der Brief des Jacobus, Christiania, 1883); and again, after revision by Professor V. Jernstedt, by Bishop Wordsworth in “Studia Biblica,” vol. i.

There are also _h_, containing 1 Pet. iv. 17-2 Pet. ii. 6; 1 John i. 8-iii. 20; _m_ as in Gospels; _s_ as in Acts, containing James i. 1-25; ii. 14-iii. 5; 13-iv. 2; v. 19, 20; 1 Pet. i. 1-12; ii. 4-10.

_q._ One of the sets of fragments at Munich [vii], published by Ziegler (_see_ below): they consist of two leaves, giving us 1 John iii. 8-v. 21, and containing the three Heavenly Witnesses (1 John v. 7), placed, however, _after_ v. 8, as in the Vulgate _Codex Cavensis_ (_see_ Ziegler, p. 5 f.); these leaves are in the collection of fragments marked Clm. 6436 (Fris. 236). Later in the same year Ziegler published more fragments from the same MS., which had been used in covering some other books; these give us 1 Pet. i. 8-19; ii. 20-iii. 7; iv. 10-v. 14; 2 Pet. i. 1-4. See Sitzungsberichte der k. b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, 1876, Heft v. pp. 607-660.

_In the Pauline Epistles_ we have _m_ as in the Gospels. Codd. _d_ _e_ _f_ _g_ are the Latin versions of Codd. DEFG of St. Paul, described above, Cod. D (Clarom.); Cod. E (Sangerm.); Cod. F (Aug.); Cod. G (Boern.). To these must be added

_gue._ COD. GUELFERBYTANUS [vi], fragments of Rom. xi. 33-xii. 5; 17-xiii. 5; xiv. 9-20; xv. 3-13, found in the great Gothic palimpsest at Wolfenbüttel (Evann. PQ), published with the other matter by Knittel in 1762, and more fully by Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana, pp. 155-158. In the eighth edition of his N. T. he adds readings from Rom. xiii. 3, 4, 6; 1 Tim. iv. 15.

_r._ COD. FRISINGENSIS [v or vi], consisting of twenty-one leaves at Munich, numbered Clm. 6436 (Fris. 236), and containing Rom. xiv. 10-xv. 13; 1 Cor. i. 1-iii. 5; vi. 1-vii. 7; xv. 14-43; xvi. 12-2 Cor. ii. 10; iii. 17-v. 1; vii. 10-viii. 12; ix. 10-xi. 21; xii. 14-xiii. 10; Gal. ii. 5-iii. 5; Eph. i. 16-ii. 16; Phil. i. 1-20; 1 Tim. i. 12-ii. 15; v. 18-vi. 13; Hebr. vi. 6-vii. 5; 8-viii. 1; ix. 27-xi. 7. Eight of these leaves were examined by Tischendorf in 1856, who drew attention to their importance in the “Deutsche Zeitschr. f. christliche Wissenschaft u. chr. Leben,” 1856, n. 8; he incorporated many of their variant readings into his N. T., and intended to publish the fragments. They were published by L. Ziegler with _q_ and _r_2 (Italafragm. d. paulinischen Briefe, Marburg, 1876); see E. Wölfflin, Freisinger Itala (S. B. of Munich Acad. 1893, Heft ii).

_r_2. A single leaf from Munich [vii], containing Phil. iv. 11-23; 1 Thess. i. 1-10; published by Ziegler, _see_ above; also numbered Clm. 6436 (Fris. 236).

_r_3. COD. GOTTVICENSIS [vi or vii], fragments of Romans and Galatians, from the Benedictine Abbey of Göttweig on the Danube, and consisting of two leaves taken from the cover of another book. They are numbered 1. (9) foll. 23, 24 in the Library Catalogue, and contain Rom. v. 16-vi. 4; 6-19; Gal. iv. 6-19; 22-v. 2. Published by H. Roensch in Hilgenfeld’s Zeitschrift, vol. xxii (1879), pp. 224-238.

_In the Apocalypse_ we have _m_ of the Gospels and _g_ of the Acts; also _h_ of the Acts (_see_ above), containing i. 1-ii. 1; viii. 7-ix. 11; xi. 16-xii. 14; xiv. 15-xvi. 5 (Lachmann cites Primasius’ version as _h_).

To these thirty-eight codices must be added extracts from the Latin Fathers, of which the Latin interpreter of Irenaeus, Tertullian, Cyprian, Augustine, Priscillian, and Primasius are the most important for the history of the version. For Tertullian, considerable labour will be saved to the student by the work of H. Roensch (Das neue Testament Tertullians, Leipzig, 1871), who has arranged in order his quotations, direct and indirect; for Cyprian, Hartel’s excellent edition (vol. iii in the Vienna Corpus) is marred by his having edited the Testimonia, which consist of direct quotations from the Bible, arranged under various heads, from a late and inferior MS. (_see_ O. L. Bibl. Texts, ii. p. xliii). The works of Priscillian, who suffered death as a heretic in 385, have been quite lately discovered and edited by Dr. G. Schepss (vol. xviii in the Vienna Corpus); the quotations in them bear a strong resemblance to those of the so-called “Speculum” of St. Augustine (_m_), and are mainly from the Epistles. Primasius, bishop of Hadrumetum (d. 558?), was the author _inter alia_ of a commentary on the Apocalypse; in this he incorporated nearly the entire text of that book, and as this text agrees almost word for word with the citations found in Cyprian’s Testimonia, we thus obtain a complete African text of a book in which so many MSS. are defective. In addition to this he quoted largely from another Latin translation of the Apocalypse—that of the Donatist Ticonius—whose version seems to be a good specimen of a later text approximating more closely to the Vulgate; these have also been published quite recently by Professor Haussleiter (Zahn’s Forschungen, iv. Teil, Leipzig, 1891).

When we come to arrange these authorities for the Latin version before Jerome, we find a complicated and difficult task before us; for few of our MSS. present a consistent type of text. We will confine ourselves therefore to grouping them in the three great families described by Dr. Hort (Introd. p. 78), whose division has been accepted by most textual critics, and to pointing out how here and there even that division must be accepted with some modification.

The _African_ family is comparatively easy to fix, from the rich store of biblical quotations found in the African Fathers. Tertullian indeed does not give us so much help as we should have expected, as he seems to have largely used a Greek Bible and translated it into Latin himself. Cyprian’s quotations, however, are valuable, as he apparently confined himself strictly to the Latin Bible current in his time; he may be taken as the standard of the early African version; to him we must add, for the Gospels, the Bobbio MS. (_k_) and the Codex Palatinus (_e_), which, however, represents a stage somewhat later than _k_; for the Acts, the Fleury palimpsest (_h_); for the Apocalypse, Primasius and _h_; and a later and revised stage in the so-called “Speculum” (_m_), and in the quotations from Ticonius preserved in Primasius.

Existing simultaneously with the African family we find another type of text current in Western Europe, though whether it is a revision of the African text or is of independent origin, it is hard to say. This type Dr. Hort calls the _European_. It is represented in the Gospels by _b_, which may be taken as the typical European MS.; by _a_ in St. Matthew, _i_ (Luke and Mark), _n_ and _a_2 (giving us fragments of all the Gospels from the same MS.); _t_ in St. Mark; in a slightly revised form by _h_ of St. Matthew; in a form marked by special local characteristics, in the Irish MSS. _r_1 and _p_ (St. John); to a certain extent also by _q_ (i.e. in its renderings, and turns of expression, as distinct from the type of Greek text underlying it); of the early Fathers, the Latin version of Irenaeus may probably be referred to this family.

For the European text in the Acts, Dr. Hort cites the Gigas Holmiensis (_g_), and the Milan Lectionary _g_2, and the Bobbio fragments at Vienna (_s_); for the Epistles, the Corbey MS. of St. James (_ff_), though this has possibly a tinge of Africanism in it (_see_ Bp. Wordsworth and Dr. Sanday in “Studia Biblica,” i. pp. 113, 233); and _g_ again for the Apocalypse.

The _Italian_ family presents us with a type of text mainly European, but doubly revised; first in its renderings, “to give the Latinity a smoother and more customary aspect,” and secondly in its underlying text, which has been largely corrected from the Greek; in both these points the Italian MSS. are a sort of stepping-stone between the European MSS. and Jerome’s Vulgate; and as many of the Biblical quotations in Augustine’s works agree closely with them, it is distinctly probable that it was this revision which he praised as the Itala. To this group we would assign _f_ in the Gospels, and less notably _q_; in the Epistles the Freisingen fragments _q_ of St. John and St. Peter, and _r_ _r_2 of St. Paul’s Epistles, and the Göttweig fragments _r_3 of Romans and Galatians.

But it will be seen that this arrangement leaves a large number of MSS. unaccounted for; many of the Old Latin MSS. present texts which it is impossible to class either as African, European, or Italian. Some of them possess all three characteristics; some have been half corrected from the Vulgate; and local variation, independent translation from the Greek, and in the case of the Graeco-Latin MSS., assimilation _to_ the Greek, have still further complicated matters. Among these mixed texts must be placed _a_ in SS. Mark, Luke, and John (with occasional Africanisms, and a large element quite peculiar to itself); _c_, which gives us a text very near the Vulgate in St. John; _d_, that apparently insoluble problem; _ff_1 and _f_2_g_1_s_δ; _l_, a text which to a large extent is almost pure Vulgate, but which at the same time preserves a number of readings, mostly interpolations, that are quite peculiar.

We must bear in mind too that even the MSS. which seem to represent most consistently one type of text, show here and there strange vacillations; _e_, African throughout as it seems at first sight, must have been copied from an ordinary European MS. in the last few chapters of St. Luke; the parent MS. of _r_ obviously did not contain the _pericope de adultera_, for that passage has been supplied in a Vulgate text; and other instances might be added.

(2) Jerome’s revised Latin Version, commonly called the Vulgate.

The extensive variations then existing between different copies of the Old Latin version, and the obvious corruptions which had crept into some of them, prompted Damasus, Bishop of Rome, in A.D. 382, to commit the important task of a formal revision of the New, and probably of the Old Testament, to Jerome, a presbyter born at Stridon on the confines of Dalmatia and Pannonia, probably a little earlier than A.D. 345. He had just returned to Rome, where he had been educated, from his hermitage in Bethlehem, and in the early ripeness of his scholarship undertook a work for which he was specially qualified, and whose delicate nature he well understood(62). Whatever prudence and moderation could do in this case to remove objections or relieve the scruples of the simple, were not neglected by Jerome, who not only made as few changes as possible in the Old Latin when correcting its text by the help of “ancient” Greek manuscripts(63), but left untouched many words and forms of expression, and not a few grammatical irregularities, which in a new translation (as his own subsequent version of the Hebrew Scriptures makes clear) he would most certainly have avoided. The four Gospels, as they stand in the traditional Greek order without Western variation, revised but not re-translated on this wise principle, appeared in A.D. 384, accompanied with his celebrated Preface to Damasus (“summus sacerdos”), who died that same year. Notwithstanding his other literary engagements, it is probable enough that his recension of the whole New Testament for public use was completed A.D. 385, though the proof alleged by Mill (N. T., Proleg., § 862), and by others after his example, hardly meets the case. In the next year (A.D. 386), in his Commentary on Galat., Ephes., Titus, and Philem., he indulges in more freedom of alteration as a translator than he had previously deemed advisable; while his new version of the Old Testament from the Hebrew (completed about A.D. 405) is not founded at all on the Old Latin, which was made from the Greek Septuagint; the Psalter excepted, which he executed at Rome at the same date, and in the same spirit, as the Gospels. The boldness of his attempt in regard to the Old Testament is that portion of his labours which _alone_ Augustine disapproved(64) (August, ad Hieron. Ep. x. tom. ii. p. 18, Lugd. 1586, A.D. 403), and indeed it was never received entire by the Western Church, which long preferred his slight revision of the Old Latin, made at some earlier period of his life. Gradually, however, Jerome’s recension of the whole Bible gained ground, as well through the growing influence of the Church of Rome as from its own intrinsic merits: so that when in course of time it came to take the place of the older version, it also took its name of the _Vulgate_, or common translation(65). Cassiodorus indeed, in the middle of the sixth century, is said to have compared the new and old Latin (of the New, perhaps of both Testaments) in parallel columns, which thus became partially mixed in not a few codices: but Gregory the Great (590-604), while confessing that his Church used both “quia sedes Apostolica, cui auctore Deo praesideo, utrâque utitur,” (Epist. Dedic. ad Leandrum, c. 5), awarded so decided a preference to Jerome’s translation from the Hebrew, that this form of his Old Testament version, not without some mixture with his translation from the Septuagint (Walton, Polyglott, Prol. x. pp. 242-244, Wrangham), and his Psalter and New Testament as revised from the Old Latin, came at length to comprise the Vulgate Bible, the only shape in which Holy Scripture was accessible in Western Europe (except to a few scattered scholars) during the long night of the Middle Ages.

But it was not a pure Vulgate text that was thus used; the old versions went on side by side with it for centuries, and even when they were thus nominally superseded, fragments of them found their way into probably all existing MSS. We have already remarked (in _c_ _g_ &c.) how the same MS. will present us with an Old Latin text in some books of the New Testament, and with a Vulgate text in others; we shall note the same phenomenon in other MSS., especially the British and Irish (see the MSS. numbered 51, 67, 78, 85, 87 below), which preserve on the whole a pure Hieronymian text, but are coloured here and there from the earlier versions. Variation was still further increased by the apparently numerous local or provincial recensions which were made, sometimes anonymously, sometimes under the editorship of famous men. Many of the Irish MSS., for instance, seem to have been corrected immediately from the Greek; but the two most notable recensions of the text came, not, as we might have expected, directly from Rome, but from Gaul; they are those of Alcuin and Theodulf in the ninth century. That of Alcuin was undertaken at the desire of Charles the Great(66), who bade him (A.D. 797) review and correct certain copies by the best Latin MSS. without reference to the original Greek. Charles’ motive was not so much critical as a wish to obtain a standard Bible for church use, and consequently of simple and intelligible Latin. Alcuin obtained bibles for this purpose from his native Northumbria, the scene at the beginning of the eighth century of an earlier recension of the text; for it was to their monasteries at Wearmouth and Jarrow (_see_ below, p. 71) that Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrid had brought the bibles and other books collected in Rome and elsewhere during their journeys; and it was in Northumbria that the magnificent Anglian texts (such as those numbered 29, 64, 82, 91, &c.) were written, perpetuating the pure Vulgate text contained at that time in the Roman MSS.(67)

At Christmas in 801, Alcuin presented Charles with a copy of the revised Bible(68); specimens of this revision are to be found in the MSS. numbered below, 5, 9, 25, 37, 117, and others.

About the same time, Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans (787-821), undertook a similar revision, and not of a less scientific character, but followed a different method. Theodulf, himself a Visigoth and born near Narbonne, seems to have done little more than introduce into France the Spanish type of MSS., which was mixed, confused, full of interpolations, and of very slight critical value(69); this however he corrected carefully and enriched with a large number of marginal readings. This revision is preserved for us in the Theodulfian Bible at Paris (no. 18 below), less correctly in its sister volume at Puy (no. 24), the Paris MS. (no. 22 below), and partly also in the correction of the Bible of St. Hubert (no. 6).

Two centuries later the text had again degenerated, and our Primate Lanfranc (1069-89) attempted a similar task, perhaps rather with a view to theology than textual criticism (“secundum orthodoxam fidem studuit corrigere”)(70). In 1109 Stephen Harding, third abbot of Citeaux, made a further revision, partly from good Latin MSS., partly from the Greek, partly, in the Old Testament, from the Hebrew, as he obtained help from some learned Jewish scholars(71). In 1150 his example was followed by Cardinal Nicolaus Maniacoria(72). As these individual efforts seemed to have but slight success, the task was taken up in the thirteenth century more fully and systematically by bodies of scholars, in the so-called “Correctoria Bibliorum;” here the variant readings with their authorities, Greek, Latin, ancient, modern, and citations from the Fathers, were carefully registered. The most noticeable examples of these correctoria are (1) the “Correctorium Parisiense” prepared by the Paris theologians. Roger Bacon had a poor opinion of the work done by these students; for some time the MSS. of the Bible that were copied and bought and sold in Paris, he says, were corrupt; they were bad to begin with, and copied carelessly by the booksellers and their scribes, while the theologians were not learned enough to discover and amend the mistakes(73). This correctorium is also frequently, but according to Denifle (p. 284) wrongly, called _Senonense_, as if it was undertaken at the instance of the Bishop of Sens; there is, however, no _correctorium Senonense_, only the _correctiones Senonenses_, i.e. corrections made in the Paris Correctorium by the Dominicans residing at Sens; (2) the “Correctorium” of the Dominicans, prepared under the auspices of Hugo de S. Caro, about 1240, the final corrected form of which is now preserved at Paris, B.N. Lat. 16719-16722 (_see_ below, p. 70, no. 23)(74); this, however, was again an attempt, not so much to get at Jerome’s actual text as, to bring the Latin text into accordance with the Greek or Hebrew(75); (3) a better and more critical revision, the “Correctorium Vaticanum,” a good MS. of which is in the Vatican Library (Lat. 3466); the author of this has done his best to restore Jerome’s reading throughout, although well learned in Greek and Hebrew; and he has with some probability been identified by Vercellone with a scholar much praised by Roger Bacon as a “sapientissimus homo,” who had spent nearly forty years in the correction of the text(76) (Denifle suggests Wilh. de Mara).

These remedies, partial and temporary as they were, seemed all that was possible before the invention of printing; and, indeed, by an unfortunate chance, the worst of the three correctoria, the “Parisiense,” was made use of by Robert Stephen.

Among the earliest productions of the press, Latin Bibles took a prominent position; and during the first half-century of printing at least 124 editions were published(77). Of these perhaps the finest is the earliest, the famous “forty-two line” Bible, issued at Mentz between 1452 and 1456, in two volumes, and usually ascribed to Gutenberg(78). This is usually called the “Mazarin Bible,” from the copy which first attracted the notice of bibliographers having been discovered in the Library of Cardinal Mazarin; in the New Testament, the order of books is Evv., Paul., Act., Cath., Apoc. Mr. Copinger enumerates twenty-five copies on vellum and paper as still known to exist; there are two in the British Museum. The first Bible published at Rome is dated 1471, and was printed by Conrad Sweynheym and Arnold Pannartz, two vols., folio; the first octavo edition, or “poor man’s Bible,” was printed at Basle in 1491 by Froben. The early editions, however, reproduced the current mediaeval type of text, or copied from each other, the only exceptions being those printed by Froben, whose copies, says Mr. Copinger, were sought after, for their accuracy, by the best scholars in Europe, and whose edition of 1502 with the “glossa ordinaria” sometimes stands quite alone in possessing the true reading. The first, edition with a collection of various readings appears to be one published at Paris in 1504(79), followed by others at Venice and Lyons in 1511, 1513; and a definite revision of the text was attempted by Cardinal Ximenes, in the famous Complutensian Polyglott (1514, &c.; see Chap. V)(80), in which he made use of the Bible of Alcalá (_see_ below, no. 42); but though an advance was made on previous editions, the text was still far from pure. Erasmus, in his famous edition of the Greek Testament, appended a Latin translation; this he made himself directly from the Greek, but in his notes he discusses the current Vulgate text and gives readings from MSS. which he had examined; of these he mentions those at the Royal Library at Mechlin, St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, Corsendonk Austin Priory, Constance Cathedral, St. Donatian (Abbaye des Dunes) of Bruges; of these the first and third only can be now identified, _see_ below, pp. 84, 81, nos.(81) 134, 109. The first edition of a really critical nature was that of Robert Stephen, in 1528; for this he used three good MSS., the _Exemplar S. Germani parvum_ (Par. lat. 11937), the Corbey Bible (Par. lat. 11532-3), and the Bible of St. Denis (Par. lat. 2); _see_ below, nos. 22, 20, 10; and he published a more important edition in 1538-40 (reprinted 1546), in which he made use of seventeen MSS., of which the following(82), numbered 19, 21, 22, 100 below, have been identified. _This edition is practically the foundation of the Modern Vulgate_, and is cited by Wordsworth as ϛ. Later, John Hentenius, in his folio edition of the Bible, (Louvain, 1547, and often reprinted); cited by Wordsworth as [Gothic: H] seems to have used about thirty-one MSS. and two printed copies; but as no various readings are cited from individual MSS., they cannot well be identified; _see_ his preface. Lucas Brugensis (_see_ his catalogue at the end of the Hentenian Bible of 1583, p. 6) also gives a long list of MSS., which seem impossible to be identified(83), and we must also bear in mind the corrected editions published by Th. Vivian (Paris), and Junta (Venice), 1534 (both are small copies of the New Testament, corrected occasionally from the Greek), Isidore Clarius (Venice, 1542), J. Benedictus (Paris, 1558), Paul Eber (1565), and Luke Osiander (1578).

When the Council of Trent met, the duty of providing for the members of the Church of Rome the most correct recension of the Latin Bible that skill and diligence could produce was obviously incumbent on it; and in one of its earliest sittings (April 8, 1546) the famous decree was passed, ordaining that of the many published editions of the Holy Scripture “haec ipsa vetus et vulgata editio, quae longo tot saeculorum usu in ipsa ecclesia probata est” should be chosen, and “in publicis lectionibus, disputationibus, praedicationibus, et expositionibus pro _authentica_ habeatur” (Sess. iv. Decr. 2); and directing that “posthac sacra Scriptura, potissimum vero haec ipsa vetus et vulgata editio quam emendatissime imprimatur.” No immediate action, however, was taken in the matter, and for forty years the editions were still printed and published by private scholars; the Hentenian, for the time being, becoming almost the standard text of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope Pius IV had indeed begun the task of correcting the Vulgate Bible, but without immediate result, and under his successors the matter still rested, till the accession of Sixtus V (1585-90)(84), a Pope as energetic in his labours on the Holy Scripture as in other spheres of activity. He appointed a commission on the subject, under the presidency of Cardinal Carafa; and after they had presented the Pope with the result of their work, in the beginning of 1589, he devoted himself personally to the study, reading through the whole Bible more than once, and using his best endeavours to bring it to the highest pitch of accuracy. The result of this appeared in a folio edition of the Bible in three volumes, in 1590(85), accompanied by a Bull, in which, after relating the extreme care that had been taken in preparing the volume, Sixtus V declared that it was to be considered as the _authentic_ edition recommended by the Council of Trent, that it should be taken as the standard of all future reprints, and that all copies should be corrected by it. The edition itself (cited by Wordsworth as [Gothic: S]) was not without faults, and indeed received a good number of corrections by hand after the proofs were printed off; it presents a text more nearly resembling that of Robt. Stephen than that of John Hentenius. In a few months, however, Sixtus was dead; a number of short-lived Popes succeeded him, and in Jan. 1592, Clement VIII ascended the throne. Almost immediately he gave orders for the copies of the Sixtine Vulgate to be called in; it has been hitherto supposed _simply_ on account of its inaccuracy, but Professor Nestle (pp. 17 ff.) argues reasonably enough that this ground is insufficient, and suggests that the revocation was really due to the influence of the Jesuits, whom Sixtus had offended by placing one of Bellarmine’s books on the _Index Librorum prohibitorum_. Be that as it may, in the same year the Clementine edition of the Vulgate (Wordsworth’s [Gothic: C]) was published, differing from the Sixtine in many places, and presenting a type of text more nearly allied to Hentenius’ Bible. To avoid the appearance of a conflict between the two Popes, the Clementine Bible was boldly published under the name of Sixtus, with a preface by Bellarmine asserting that Sixtus had intended to bring out a new edition in consequence of errors that had occurred in the printing of the first, but had been prevented by death; now, in accordance with his desire, the work was completed by his successor. The opportunity, however, was too good a one for Protestants to miss, and Thomas James in his “Bellum Papale sive Concordia discors” (London, 1600), upbraids the two Popes on their high pretensions and the palpable failure of at least one, possibly both of them(86).

From this time forward the Clementine Vulgate (sometimes under the name of Clement, sometimes under that of Sixtus, sometimes under both names)(87) has been the standard edition for the Roman Church; by the Bull of 1592, every edition must be assimilated to this one, no word of the text may be altered, nor even variant readings printed in the margin(88).

Thus the modern attempts at a scientific and critical revision of this version have come from students mainly outside the communion of the Roman Church.

The design of Bentley for a critical Greek Testament is described below (Chap. V); it was obvious that for its prosecution the MSS. of the Vulgate would have to be collated as carefully as those of the Greek text itself; and accordingly the variant readings of a good number were collected by Bentley himself, nos. 3, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 82, 83, 85, 155, 160; other MSS. were collated by his friend and colleague John Walker, who worked much at Paris in 1719 and the following years; to him we owe collations of nos. 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 52, 96, 97, 102, 151, 164, while he obtained collations of the Tours MSS. (nos. 106, 107, 108, 166) from L. Chevalier, through their common friend Sabatier; and of the Oxford MSS. (nos. 86, 87, 89, 90, 148, 161), from David Casley. Walker died, however, in November, 1741, six months before the great Bentley, and the projected edition came to naught(89). Their collations have not been published, but are contained in the following volumes, in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge: B. 17. 5 containing collations by Walker, Chevalier, Casley, and Bentley; and B. 17. 15 containing collations by Bentley; and they have been made use of by Bishop Wordsworth in his edition of the Vulgate(90).

Two attempts are being made now to restore the text of St. Jerome: that of Dr. Peter Corssen, of Berlin, and the Oxford edition under the hands of the Bishop of Salisbury. Dr. Corssen’s published results at present consist only of the Epistle to the Galatians (“Epistula ad Galatas,” Berlin, Weidmann, 1885), but he has been spending several years in the accumulation of material, and other books of the New Testament will probably be published before very long. The Bishop of Salisbury after nearly eleven years’ preparation, in conjunction with the Rev. H. J. White and other friends, published the first volume of his edition, containing St. Matthew’s Gospel, in 1889; St. Mark following in 1891, and St. Luke in 1892; and it is hoped that the rest of the New Testament may be published in due course. More than thirty MSS., those numbered 5, 6, 18, 21, 28, 29, 37, 41, 51, 56, 64, 67, 68, 72, 77, 78, 82, 85, 86, 87, 91, 97, 98, 106, 115, 128, 129, 130, 132, 147, 148, 153, 154, 159, 175 below, have been carefully collated throughout for this edition, and a large number of others are cited in all the important passages, besides _correctoria_, and the more noticeable of the earlier printed Bibles.

To enumerate all the known MSS. of the Old Latin version was an easy task; to enumerate those of the Vulgate is almost impossible. It is computed that there are at least 8,000 scattered throughout the various Libraries of Europe, and M. Samuel Berger, the greatest living authority on the subject, has examined more than 800 in Paris alone. Nor would an exhaustive enumeration be of much critical value, as a large number of comparatively late MSS. probably contain the same corrupt type of text.

In the following list it is hoped that most of the really important MSS. are included; the writer has had the unwearied and invaluable aid of M. Samuel Berger(91), besides that of many other kind friends, in its compilation. It has been thought best to arrange the MSS. on a double system; _first_ according to their contents:—A. Bibles, whole or incomplete; B. New Testament; C. Gospels; D. Acts and onwards; E. Epistles and Apocalypse; and _secondly_ under each of these heads, A-E, according to countries (alphabetically):—Austria, British Isles, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States.

For other lists the student is referred to Le Long, Bibliotheca Sacra, ed. 1723, vol. i. p. 235; Vercellone, Variae Lectiones, Romae, 1860, vol. i. p. lxxxiii f., ii. p. xvii f.; Berger, p. 374 f.; and for a fuller treatment of the history and text of the Vulgate, to Bishop Westcott’s article “Vulgate” in Smith’s Bible Dictionary; Kaulen, Geschichte d. Vulgata, Mainz, 1865; Fritzsche, “Lateinische Bibelübersetzungen” in Herzog, Realencyclopädie, second ed., vol. viii; P. Corssen in Die Trierer Adahandschr., Leipzig, 1889; and the important work of S. Berger, Histoire de la Vulgate pendant les premiers siècles du moyen âge, Paris, 1893; to economize space, this will be quoted below simply as “Berger.”

After the list of MSS. are added indices of the various notations by which respectively Bentley, Tischendorf, Wordsworth, &c., have cited them.

A. BIBLES.

a. _Austria: Vienna._

1. Imperial Library, Lat. 1190. Bible [early ix], probably copied in the Abbey of St. Vedast at Arras, during the time of the Abbot Rado (795-815); Alcuinian poems. _See_ M. Denis’ Catalogue, i. p. 167, and Berger, p. 108 f.

b. _British Isles: British Museum._

2. Reg. I. B. xii. Bible [xiii], written in 1254 by William of Hales for Thomas de la Wile, “Magister Scolarum Sarum.” Cited by Bishop Wordsworth as W, and incorporated by him into his _apparatus criticus_ as furnishing a fair specimen of the current mediaeval text.

3. Reg. I. E. vii, viii. Bible [x], in two large folio volumes, the first few pages of each volume, and the last pages of the second, being supplied in a twelfth-century hand; contains stichometry to several of the books, both in the Old and in the New Testaments; order of New Test., Ev., Act., Cath., Paul. (Laod. after Hebr.), Apoc.; Bentley’s R.

4. Harl. 4772, 4773. Bible [xiii], in 2 vols., formerly belonging to the Capucin Monastery of Montpellier; the second volume appears to be somewhat later than the first. The MS. both in handwriting and text seems to come from the south of France. _See_ Berger, p. 76.

5 5. Addit. 10,546. The noble Alcuinian Bible [ix], known usually as “Charlemagne’s’ Bible,” or the Bible of Grandval (near Basle); became the property of the British Museum in 1836. Probably written about the time of Charles the Bald; a good specimen of the Alcuinian revision; _see_ the Museum Catalogue, i pl. 42, 43, and Westwood, Pal. Sacra Pict., p. 25. Wordsworth’s K; collated by the Revs. G. M. Youngman and H. J. White.

6. Addit. 24,142. Bible [ix], formerly belonging to the Monastery of St. Hubert in the Ardennes; written in small minuscule hand, strongly resembling that of the Theodulfian Bible (_see_ below, no. 18), three columns to a page; contains Old Test., and in New Test. Ev., Paul., Cath., as far as 1 Pet. iv. 3. Facsimile in “Catalogue of Anc. MSS. in the B. M.” p. 5, pl. 45. Wordsworth’s H.

7. Addit. 28,107. The second volume of a Bible in large folio [dated 1097], 240 leaves, from St. Remacle’s at Stavelot, near Liège; with peculiar capitula, and a stichometry. _See_ Lightfoot, Journal of Philology, vol. iii. no. 6, p. 197 f.; Facsimile in Palaeogr. Soc. ii. pl. 92, 93.

c. _France: Dijon._

8. Public Library, 9 bis. Bible, 4 vols, [xii], corrected throughout by Stephen Harding, third abbot of Citeaux; _see_ above, p. 60.

_Paris._

9. B. N. Lat. 1, formerly 35,612. Bible [middle ix], 423 leaves, fol., 50 x 38 cent., minuscule. This splendid MS., with pictures and initials, was presented to Charles the Bald by Vivian, abbot of St. Martin of Tours, and was for a long time in the Cathedral treasury at Metz; it was given by the Chapter of Metz to Colbert in 1675. _See_ Delisle, Cab. des MSS., iii. p. 234 ff.; Berger, p. 215 f.; Le Long, i. p. 237. Alcuinian text.

10. B. N. Lat. 2, formerly 3561 (not, as Le Long and Walker say, 3562). The Bible of St. Denis or of Charles the Bald [ix], 444 leaves, fol., minuscule, with fine initial letters, contains verses in praise of Charles the Bald; in the N. T. the Apoc. is wanting. _See_ O.L. Bibl. T., i. p. 55; Delisle, Cab. des MSS., i. p. 200, and pl. xxviii. 1, 4, 5; Les Bibles de Théodulfe, p. 7; De Bastard, c-civ; Jorand, Grammatogr. du ixe siècle, Paris, 1837; Silvestre, Pal. Univ., clxxi; Berger, p. 287 f. Walker’s ε; used previously by R. Stephen in his Bible of 1528.

11. Lat. 3, formerly Reg. 3562. Bible [middle ix], fol., thick minuscule; parts of the Apoc. have been supplied by a later hand. Belonged first to the Monastery of Glanfeuil, then to the Abbey of St. Maur des Fossés near Charenton, the library of which was acquired by the St. Germain Abbey in 1716; a good specimen of the Alcuinian revision. _See_ Delisle, Cab. des MSS., pl. xxv. 1, 2, xxix. 4; Berger, p. 213 f. Walker’s η.

12. Lat. 4, formerly Colbert 157, 158, then Reg. 357112.13; 2 vols., fol., 53.5 x 33 cent, [ix or x]; 42 contains 193 leaves, with Psalms, Ev., Act., Cath., Apoc., Paul. This MS. was given to Colbert by the Canons of Puy, and called “Codex Aniciensis.” The first hand presents an Alcuinian text, but a second hand has added a large number of remarkable variant readings, especially in the Acts and Cath. Epp. It appears to belong to Languedoc. _See_ Berger, p. 73.

13. Lat. 6. Bible in 4 vols. [x], fol., 48 x 33.5 cent., from the Abbey of Rosas in Catalonia. The fourth volume (64) contains the New Test. (113 f.) in following order, Ev., Act., Cath., Paul. (Laod. between Col. and Thess.), Apoc. Valuable text, the first hand contains a large number of interesting and Old Latin readings; and in the Acts, the second hand has added a number of Old Latin variants in the margin. From the Noailles Library; _see_ Berger, p. 24.

14. Lat. 7, formerly Reg. 3567, one of Card. Mazarin’s MSS. Bible, fol., 51 x 34.5 cent. [xi probably], with fine illuminations; order of books in New Test., Ev., Act., Cath., Paul., Apoc. Interesting text in the Acts, and strongly resembling the second hand of Lat. 42, this MS. was also probably written in Languedoc. Facsimile in De Bastard. _See_ Berger, p. 73.

15. Lat. 45 and 93, formerly Reg. 3563-4. Bible [late ix], fol., thick minuscule; no. 93 has 261 leaves, the New Test. (Ev., Act., Cath., Paul., Apoc.), commencing on fol. 156. This MS. belonged originally to the Monastery of St. Riquier on the Somme; interesting text, especially in the Acts and Cath. Epp. Walker’s θ. Berger, p. 96 f.

16. Lat. 47, formerly Reg. 3564a (Faurianus 32, i.e. in the library of Antoine Faure). Part of a Bible [xi], fol., 176 leaves minuscule; closely resembling no. 11 (Lat. 3) in text and perhaps even more valuable; much _mut._ in N. T. Walker’s κ.

17. Lat. 140. Bible [xv], written in Germany, and bearing the name and arms of a Tyrolese, Joachim Schiller ab Herdern. Order of books in the New Test., Ev., Paul., Apoc., Cath., Act. Interesting text, especially in the Acts, where it is more or less mixed; examined by S. Berger.

18. Lat. 9380. Bible [ix], in beautiful and minute minuscule. The famous Theodulfian Bible, formerly belonging to the Cathedral of Orleans, and bearing such a strong resemblance to the other Theodulfian Codex at Puy (_see_ below, no. 24), that M. Delisle declares many pages look almost like proofs struck from the same type. It bears a strong resemblance also to the St. Hubert Bible (Brit. Mus. Add. 24,142, _see_ no. 6), though it is written in a smaller hand; the Hubert text has been throughout assimilated to this. _See_ Berger, p. 149 f.; Delisle, Cab. des MSS., pl. xxi. 3, and Les Bibles de Théodulfe, Paris, 1879. Wordsworth’s Θ; collated by Revs. C. Wordsworth and H. J. White.

19. Lat. 11,504-5, formerly St. Germain 3, 4, afterwards 16, 17. Bible [ix], fol., 199 and 215 leaves, minuscule; dated 822. New Test. contains Ev., Act., Rom., 1 and 2 Cor., Gal., Eph., Phil., Col., 1 and 2 Thess., 1 Tim.; then a lacuna; Apoc., Cath. _See_ O.L.B.T., i. p. 57; Del., Cab. des MSS., pl. xxiv; Berger, p. 93. Walker’s ο2; he collated Act., Cath., Paul., Apoc.

20. Lat. 11,532, 11,533, formerly at Corbey, afterwards St. Germain 1, 2, then 14, 15; 2 vols. Bible [ix], fol., minuscules; probably written after 855 A.D., the year of the accession of Lothair II, who is mentioned in an inscription at the end of the book. Order of books in the New Test., Ev., Act., Cath., Paul., Apoc. Walker’s ν; he collated Act., Cath., Paul., Apoc., not Ev.; see Wordsworth, O.L.B.T., i. p. 57; Berger, p. 104 f.

21. Lat. 11,553, described above (p. 47) as _g_1. Old Latin text in St. Matthew; in the rest of the New Test, a Vulgate text, but with strong admixture of Old Latin elements. Order of books in New Test., Ev., Act., Cath., Apoc, Paul. Wordsworth’s G, Walker’s μ; _see_ also Berger, p. 65 ff.

22. Lat. 11,937, formerly St. Germain 9, then 645. First volume of Bible [ix], 4to, 179 leaves, containing the Old Test., but incomplete. This MS. was the “Germ, parv.” of R. Stephen, who cites it also in Matt, v-viii; the volume, however, containing the New Testament has since disappeared. _See_ Delisle, Les Bibles de Théodulfe, p. 28.

23. Lat. 16,719-16,722. Bible [xiii], in 4 vols., corrected throughout by the Dominicans under the auspices of Hugo de St. Caro, _see_ above, p. 60, often called the Bible of St. Hugo de St. Caro.

_Puy._

24. Cathedral Library. The famous Bible [viii or ix], written under the direction of Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans, and closely resembling the Paris Codex B. N. Lat. 9380, though not of equal critical value (_see_ above, p. 69, no. 18). Described by Delisle, Les Bibles de Théodulfe; _see_ also Le Long, i. p. 235; Berger, p. 171 f.

d. _Germany: Bamberg._

25. Royal Library, A. I. 5. Bible [ix], large folio, 423 leaves. One of the finest examples of the Alcuinian recension, and a typical specimen of the second period of Caroline writing and ornamentation. Written in the monastery of St. Martin at Tours. Apocalypse wanting. _See_ Leitschuh, Führer durch d. kgl. Bibl. zu Bamberg, 1889, p. 82. Wordsworth’s B2 in Acts &c.; collated by the Rev. H. J. White.

_Metz._

26. Public Library, no. 7. Second half of Bible [early ix], minuscule. Mixed text, with Languedocian and Irish characteristics. _See_ Berger, p. 100.

_Würzburg_(92).

27. Mp. th. fol. max. 1. Bible [xi], 403 leaves, large folio, formerly belonging to the Cathedral Library. Contains the whole Bible except Pauline Epp. and Book of Baruch, which, together with the Epistle to the Laodiceans, have been abstracted.

e. _Italy: La Cava._

28. Corpo di Cava (near Salerno); Benedictine Abbey. The well-known “Codex Cavensis” of the whole Bible [prob. ix], written in Spain, probably in Castile or Leon, in small, round Visigothic minuscules, by a scribe Danila; a copy was made by the Abbate de Rossi early in this century, and is now in the Vatican (Lat. 8484). A good representative of the Spanish type of text, and closely resembling the Codex Toletanus (no. 41). _See_ Dom Bernardo Gaetani de Aragona, Cod. diplomat. Cavensis, vol. i, Naples, 1873; Silvestre, Pal. univ., iii; L. Ziegler, Sitzungsber. der k. bayr. Akad. der Wissenschaften phil. phil. Klasse, Munich, 1876, p. 655 f.; Pertz, Archiv, v. p. 542. Collated by Bishop Wordsworth. Tischendorf’s _cav._, Wordsworth’s C.

_Florence._

29. Laurentian Library. The far-famed Codex Amiatinus of the whole Bible [end of vii or beginning of viii], 1029 leaves, large folio. Till lately it was supposed to have been written by a sixth century scribe in Italy; but now, principally through the acuteness of G. B. de Rossi and the late Professor Hort, it has been proved that it was written by the order of the abbot Ceolfrid either at Wearmouth or Jarrow, and sent by him as a present to the Pope at Rome in 715 A.D. Afterwards placed in the Monastic Library at Monte Amiata, whence it was again sent to Rome for collation at the time of the Sixtine revision (_see_ p. 64). The New Testament was badly edited by F. F. Fleck, 1840; carefully, though not without a few slips, by Tischendorf in 1850 (second ed. with some emendations 1854); and by Tregelles in his Greek New Test. 1857. Facsimiles in Zangemeister and Wattenb., Exempla codd. lat., pl. 35, and Palaeogr. Soc. ii. pl. 65, 66. Of the recent literature on this MS., and especially on the first quaternion, with its lists of the books of the Bible closely resembling those of Cassiodorus, _see_ G. B. de Rossi, La Biblia offerta da Ceolfr. Abb. al Sepolcro di S. Pietro, Rome, 1887; H. J. White, The Codex Amiatinus and its Birthplace, in “Studia Biblica,” ii. p. 273 (Oxford, 1890); P. Corssen, Die Bibeln des Cassiodorus und der Cod. Amiatinus, in the “Jahrb. f. prot. Theologie,” 1883 and 1891; Th. Zahn, Gesch. d. ntl. Kanons, ii. p. 267 f. Tischendorf’s _am._, Wordsworth’s A.

_Milan._

30. Ambrosian Library, E. 26 _inf._ Part of a Bible [ix or x], commencing with Chron. and finishing with Pauline Epp. Probably written at Bobbio. Mixed text, especially interesting in St. Paul’s Epp.; does not contain the last three verses of Romans; _see_ Berger, p. 138.

31. E. 53 _inf._ Bible [ix or x], much mutilated; 169 leaves, containing the sacred books in the following order: Octateuch, Jerem., Acts, Cath., Apoc., Kings, Solomon, Job, Tobit, Judith, Esther, Esdras, Maccabees, Ezek., Dan., minor prophets, Isa., Pauline Epp.; i.e. the order in which they are read in ecclesiastical lessons during the year. Formerly at Biasca, a village in the valley of Tessin on the St. Gothard. Vulgate text, but mixed with Old Latin elements; interesting as containing not only the Ep. to the Laodiceans but also the apocryphal correspondence between St. Paul and the Corinthians (cp. the Laon MS., no. 161). _See_ Carrière and Berger, La correspondance apocr. de St. Paul et des Corinthiens, Paris, 1891.

_Monte Cassino._

32. Monastery of Monte Cassino: codd. 552 and 557 are mentioned by Corssen (Ep. ad Galatas, Berlin, 1885, p. 15) as worthy of note: 552 Bible [xi], 557 Bible [xii-xiii], but both containing an ancient text. Order of books in both is Ev., Act., Cath., Apoc., Paul. (Ev. lacking in 552). _See_ also “Bibliotheca Casinensis,” ii. pp. 313-352.

_Monza._

33. Collegiate Archives, G. 1. Bible [ix], written at Tours by the scribe Amalricus, who was Archbishop of Tours: specimen of the Alcuinian recension and resembling in text and in outward appearance and writing the Parisian Bible, B. N. Lat. 3 (no. 11 above). _See_ Corssen, Epist. ad Galatas, p. 10; Berger, p. 221.

_Rome._

34. Vat. Lat. 5729, Codex Farfensis. Bible [xi], in one enormous volume; in good preservation, written in three columns. _See_ Vercellone, Var. Lect., ii. p. xvii, and Le Long, i. p. 235; the latter wrongly cites it as 6729.

35. Bible of S. Maria ad Martyres (La Rotonda, Pantheon). Bible [x], large folio. The books in the New Test. are in the following order: Ev., Act., Cath., Apoc., Paul.; used by Vercellone.

36. The splendid Bible [ix] preserved in the Library of “S. Paul without the walls;” belonged to Charles the Bald, and preserves an Alcuinian text, strongly resembling V. _See_ Vercellone, Var. Lect., i. p. lxxxv; Le Long, i. p. 237; Berger, p. 292.

37. Vallicellian Library, B. vi. Bible [ix], 347 leaves, large 4to, Caroline minuscules. The Church of Sta. Maria in Vallicella belongs to the Oratorian Fathers, and Bianchini himself was an Oratorian; he refers to this MS. in the “Evang. Quadr.,” ii. pl. viii. p. 600, and it is probably the best extant specimen of the Alcuinian revision. Bp. Wordsworth collated it, and cites it as V; _see_ also Berger, p. 197.

f. _Spain: Leon._

38. Cathedral Library, 15. Fragments of Bible [vii], palimpsest; 40 leaves, semi-uncial, under some writing in a Visigothic hand of the tenth century. Contains in New Test. portions of Acts, 2 Cor., Col., and 1 John. Vulgate base but with Old Latin elements, especially in 1 John. Discovered by Dr. Rudolf Beer, who is proposing to publish the fragments. _See_ Berger, p. 8.

39. Cathedral Library, 6. Second volume of a Bible [x], formerly belonging to the Convent of SS. Cosmas and Damian in the Valle de Torio, and thought to date from the time of Ordogno II (913-923); written by two scribes, Vimara, a presbyter, and John, a deacon; minuscule, like Cavensis, only larger. Order of books in the New Test. is Ev. (followed by a commentary), Act., Paul. (including Laod.), Cath., Apoc.; examined by Bp. Wordsworth in 1882. _See_ Berger, p. 17.

40. Church of San Isidro; Codex Gothicus Legionensis. Bible [x], folio, dated 998 of the Spanish era, i.e. 960 A.D.; minuscule of the same type as Cavensis, only larger. Order of books in the New Test.: Ev., Paul., Cath., Act., Apoc. Written “a notario Sanctioni presbitero,” and was collated on behalf of the Sixtine revision of the Vulgate for Card. Carafa, and by him called the Codex Gothicus; this collation is preserved in the Vatican, Lat. 4859. Examined by Bp. Wordsworth in 1882. _See_ Berger, p. 18.

_Madrid._

41. National Library. Bible [x? Berger would date it viii], in three columns, the famous “Codex Toletanus.” According to a notice in the MS. itself, its “auctor possessorque” (auctor = legal owner?), Servandus of Seville, gave it to his friend John, Bishop of Cordova, who in turn offered it in the year 988 to the see of Seville; thence it passed in time to Toledo and ultimately to Madrid. It is written in Visigothic characters, and presents the Spanish type of text, strongly resembling the Cod. Cavensis (no. 28). Collated for the Sixtine revision by Chr. Palomares, whose work, written in a Hentenian Bible of 1569, is now preserved in the Vatican (Lat. 9508); it was not, however, used in that revision, as it reached Cardinal Carafa too late. Bianchini published the collation in his “Vindiciae Can. Script.,” Rome, 1740, pp. xlvii-ccxvi (= Migne, Patr. Lat., tom. xxix). Bp. Wordsworth collated the New Testament in 1882. _See_ Berger, p. 12; Merino, Escuela Paleogr., pl. v. pp. 53-9, Madrid, 1780; Muñoz y Rivero, Paleografia Visigoda, pl. viii, ix, Madrid, 1881; Ewald and Loewe, Exempla Scr. Visig., pp. 7, 8, pl. ix. Tischendorf’s _tol._; Wordsworth’s T.

42. University Library, no. 31: Codex Complutensis, i.e. of Alcalá (= Complutum). Bible [ix or x]; in the New Test. Laod. follow Hebrews. Plainly a Spanish text, but with peculiar readings in the Epistles, and especially in the Acts. Purchased at Toledo by Cardinal Ximenes; described by Berger, p. 22, and Westcott, Vulgate, p. 1705.

43. University Library, no. 32. Second volume of a Bible [ix-x], folio, containing from the Proverbs to the Apocalypse, in a Visigothic hand; the ornaments somewhat resembling those of the Codex Cavensis. It formerly belonged to Cardinal Ximenes: _see_ Berger, p. 15.

44. Royal Academy of History (Calle del Leon 21), No. F. 186. The second volume of a Bible [x], small folio, written by the monk Quisius. It formerly belonged to the Abbey of St. Emilianus (S. Millan de la Cogolla), between Burgos and Logroño. Order of books in New Test.: Ev., Act., Paul., Cath., Apoc. (fragmentary). The handwriting resembles Cavensis, though it is slightly larger, and the text also belongs to the Spanish group. Examined by Bp. Wordsworth in 1882; _see_ Berger, p. 16.

g. _Switzerland: Berne._

45. University Library, A. 9. Bible [xi], originally belonging to Vienne in Dauphiné. Contains an interesting text in Cath. Epp. and Acts, where it seems to be much under Theodulfian influence or that of the texts belonging to the South of France; the corrections too are interesting. _See_ Berger, p. 62 f.

_Einsiedeln._

46. Einsiedeln Library, no. 1. Bible [early x], possibly copied at Einsiedeln; corrected in accordance with a text like that of St. Gall 75. _See_ Berger, p. 132.

47. Einsiedeln Library, nos. 5-7. Bible [x], also corrected and bearing strong resemblance to the one above; same order of books as in 31.

_St. Gall._

48. Stiftsbibliothek, no. 11 [viii]. A collection of extracts composed for the use of the monks; written by the monk Winithar. Vulgate text but with a mixture of Old Latin readings. _See_ Berger, p. 121 f.

49. Stiftsbibliothek, no. 75. [ix], large folio; contains complete Bible; corrected by the abbot Hartmotus. _See_ Berger, p. 129.

_Present position unknown._

50. Bible [xiii, but copied from an early exemplar], edited by Matthaei (N. T.) in the Act., Epp., Apoc.; _see_ his preface to Cath. Epp., p. xxx f.; belonged to Paul Demidov. Formerly at Lyons; Tischendorf’s _demid._

B. NEW TESTAMENTS.

a. _British Isles: Dublin._

51. Trin. Coll. The Book of Armagh. New Test. [ix], written by Ferdomnach in a beautiful and small Irish hand. Order of books: Evv., Paul. (Laod. after Col.), Cath., Apoc., Acts. The New Test. was transcribed for Bp. Wordsworth by the Rev. G. M. Youngman; the late Dr. Reeves, Bp. of Down, intended to edit it, and his work is now (1893) being prepared for the press by Professors Gwynn and Bernard, of Dublin. _See_ also “National MSS. of Ireland,” i. pp. xiv-xvii, plates xxv-xxix; Berger, p. 31 f. Wordsworth’s D.

b. _France: Paris._

52. B. N. Lat. 250, formerly Reg. 3572; from Saint-Denis. New Test. [ix], folio, minuscule: Evv., Act., Cath., Paul. (Laod. after Col., which in turn is after Thess.), Apoc. Walker’s λ; he collated Cath. and Apoc. Alcuinian text, _see_ Berger, p. 243.

53. Lat. 254. New Test. [xii]; has been described above as _c_ (p. 45). Text is Old Latin in the Gospels, Vulgate in the rest of the New Test. _See_ Berger, p. 74.

54. Lat. 321, formerly belonging to Baluze. New Testament [early xiii], written in the South of France, probably between Carcassonne and Narbonne. Very interesting text; in the Epistles and Acts there are a large number of Old Latin readings; the text of the Acts is especially mixed; orthography incorrect. Berger, p. 77.

55. Lat. 342, formerly Colbert 6155. New Testament [early xiii], written in the South of France; contains large mixture of Old Latin readings throughout; examined by Berger.

c. _Germany: Fulda._

56. Abbey of Fulda in Prussia. The well-known Codex Fuldensis [vi] of the New Testament, written for Bishop Victor of Capua, and corrected by him A.D. 541-546. The Gospels are arranged in one narrative, based on the order of Tatian’s Diatessaron, but with a Vulgate text; the Ep. to the Laodiceans follows that to the Colossians. Described by Schannat in 1723 (Vindemiae Literariae Collectio, pp. 218-21), collated by Lachmann and Ph. Buttmann in 1839, and edited in full by E. Ranke (Marburg, 1868); _see_ also Th. Zahn, Tatian’s Diatessaron, Erlangen, 1881, pp. 298-313; S. Hemphill, The Diatessaron of Tatian, Dublin, 1888, pp. x, xi, xxiv-v. Facsimiles in Ranke, and Zangem. and Wattenb., Exempla, p. 34. Tischendorf’s _fuld._; Wordsworth’s F.

d. _Sweden: Stockholm._

57. Royal Library: Codex Gigas Holmiensis [xiii]; Old Latin text in Acts and Apoc., Vulgate in the New Testament; described above, p. 51.

C. GOSPELS.

a. _Austria: Vienna._

58. _theo_ or _theotisc_ refers to the Latin version of the “Fragmenta Theotisca versionis ant. Evang. S. Matthaei ... ediderunt Steph. Endlicher et Hoffmann Fallerslebensis; Vindobonae, 1834” (2nd edit. cura T. F. Massmann; Viennae, 1841); 15 leaves [viii], containing St. Matt. viii. 33 to the end of the Gospel, but much mutilated; the _recto_ side of each leaf contains the Theotisc or Old German version, mixed with Gothic, the _verso_ contains the Latin; quoted by Tischendorf in Matt. xx. 28, where it has the common Latin addition. _See_ also J. A. Schmeller, Ammonii Alexandrini Harmonia Evangeliorum, Vienna, 1841.

b. _British Isles: British Museum._

59. Reg. I. A. xviii. Gospels [x], 199 leaves, written in Caroline minuscules, originally belonging to King Athelstan, who gave it to St. Augustine’s monastery at Canterbury; _mut._ after John xviii. 21; _see_ British Museum Catalogue, p. 37. Bentley’s O.

60. Reg. I. B. vii. Gospels [viii], 155 leaves, written in England. The Rev. G. M. Youngman, who has examined this MS. carefully, says the text is very interesting, though rather mixed; has been corrected throughout. Bentley’s H in Trin. Coll. Cam. B. 17. 14. _See_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 19, pl. 16, and Morin, Liber Comicus, p. 426, 1893.

61. Reg. I. D. ix. Gospels [x], a handsome 4to volume of 150 leaves, the capitals throughout written in gold, and the initial page to each Gospel finely illuminated; contains prefatory matter and Capitulare, but is _mut._ after John xxi. 18. Formerly belonged to King Canute, as an Anglo-Saxon inscription on fol. 43 _b_ testifies. _See_ Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS., p. 141; Pal. Sacra Pict., pl. 23. Bentley’s A.

62. Reg. I. E. vi. Gospels [end of viii], imperfect; 77 leaves, half uncial characters, written in England; formerly belonging to St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, and in all probability the second volume of the famous “Biblia Gregoriana” mentioned by Elmham. _See_ Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS., pl. 14, 15; British Museum Catalogue, p. 20, pl. 17, 18; Palaeogr. Soc, i. pl. 7; Berger, p. 35. Bentley’s P.

63. Cotton Tib. A. ii [early x], written in Germany; Gospels, 216 leaves, written in Caroline minuscules, once the property of King Athelstan; _see_ British Museum Catalogue, p. 35. Bentley’s E.

64. Cotton Nero D. iv. The magnificent Lindisfarne Gospels [vii or viii], rivalling even the Book of Kells (no. 78) in the beauty of their writing and the richness of their ornamentation. Written by Eadfrith, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 698-721 A.D., and other scribes; preserve a very pure text, agreeing closely with the Codex Amiatinus (no. 29), sometimes against all other known Vulgate MSS. The Latin is accompanied by an interlinear version in the Northumbrian dialect. Edited, rather carelessly, for the Surtees Soc., by Stevenson and Waring, 1854-65; and W. W. Skeat, The Gospel of St. Matthew; Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Cambr., 1887; _see_ also Westwood, Anglo-Saxon and Ir. MSS., pp. 33-9, pl. 12, 13; Palaeogr. Sacra Pict., p. 45; Palaeogr. Soc., i. pl. 3-6, 22; Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 15, pl. 8-11; Berger, p. 39; Morin, Liber Comicus, p. 426. The Surtees text revised by the Rev. G. M. Youngman. Wordsworth’s and Bentley’s Y.

65. Cotton Otho B. ix. Gospels [x?], nearly destroyed by fire; there are twelve small fragments containing portions of prefatory matter, and of SS. Matt., Mark, and John, in small Caroline minuscules, but with a large capital at the beginning of St. Mark and interlaced ornamentation. Bentley’s D.

66. Cotton Otho C. v. St. Matt. and St. Mark [probably viii], written in Saxon hand, and _possibly_ part of the same MS. as Bentley’s C (_see_ no. 76). This Manuscript is now simply a collection of the shrivelled fragments of sixty-four leaves which survived the fire of 1731; the last leaf contains Mark xvi. 6-20. _See_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 20; the editors, however, doubt whether it is part of the same MS. as no. 76. Bentley cites these fragments as φ.

67. Egerton 609. Gospels [viii or ix], formerly belonging to the Monastery of Marmoutier (Majus Monasterium) near Tours, where it was numbered 102. It is written, however, in an Irish hand and presents an Irish type of text; it is much _mut._, especially in St. Mark. _See_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 30. Cited by Calmet, Tischendorf, &c., as _mm_; collated again by the Rev. G. M. Youngman, and cited by Wordsworth as E.

68. Harl. 1775. Gospels [vi or vii], in small but very beautiful uncial hand, and with an extremely valuable text. Formerly numbered 4582 in the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris; stolen from thence by Jean Aymon, it passed into the possession of Harley, Earl of Oxford, and then to the British Museum. Collated in part by Griesbach, Symbolae Criticae, i. pp. 305-26, Halae, 1785; by Bentley or Walker; later by the Rev. G. Williams; and for Bp. Wordsworth’s Vulgate by the Rev. H. J. White; for facsimiles _see_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 14, pl. 3; Palaeogr. Soc., i. p. 16. Wordsworth’s and Bentley’s Z; Tischendorf’s _harl_.

69. Harl. 1802. Gospels [xii], 156 leaves, a small Irish MS., with copious marginal notes, written by the scribe Maelbrigte; stolen from Paris by Jean Aymon. Bentley’s W.

70. Harl. 2788. Gospels [end of viii or beginning of ix], 208 leaves folio, an extremely fine MS., written throughout in golden uncials, except the prefatory matter, which is in minuscules; the vellum and also the colours used in the illumination are all wonderfully bright and fresh. _See_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 22, pl. 39-41; Corssen, Ada-H. S. p. 86; Bentley’s M in Trin. Coll. Cam. B. 17. 5.

71. Harl. 2826. Gospels [ix or x], 150 leaves, Caroline minuscules; formerly belonging to the monastery of Eller, near Cochem, on the Mosel; _see_ Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 32. Bentley’s H in Trin. Coll. Cam. B. 17. 5.

72. Addit. 5463. Gospels [viii or ix], from the nunnery of St. Peter at Beneventum, formerly belonging to Dr. Richard Mead; written in a fine revived uncial hand. The MS. has usually been supposed to have been written at Beneventum, but Berger doubts this (p. 92). Cited by Bentley as F, by Wordsworth as [Symbol: BF ligature]. Facsimiles in Brit. Mus. Catalogue, p. 18, pl. 7, and Palaeogr. Soc., i. p. 236.

_Cambridge._

73. University Library, I. i. 6. 32. The Book of Deer; Gospels [viii or ix], small but rather wide 8vo, 86 leaves, but _mut._; contains Matt. i. 1-vii. 23; Mark i. 1-v. 36; Luke i. 1-iv. 12; John, complete. Belonged originally to the Columbian monastery of Deer in Aberdeenshire: in 1697 belonged to Bp. J. Moore (of Norwich and Ely), and with the rest of his library was bought for the University of Cambridge in 1715. Contains many old and peculiar readings (Westcott, p. 1694). Described by Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS., pp. 89-90; edited in full with facsimiles by J. Stuart (for the Spalding Club), Edinburgh, 1869.

74. Univ. Libr. Kk. 1. 24. St. Luke and St. John [prob. viii], written in Irish hand; collated by Bentley, who cites it as X, and noticed by Westcott, Vulgate, pp. 1695 and 1712; it contains a valuable text.

75. Trin. Coll. B. 10. 4. Gospels [ix], large 4to, written apparently by the same scribe as Brit. Mus. Reg. I. D. ix (no. 61). This is Bentley’s T; according to Westcott (p. 1713) it is good Vulgate, with some old readings.

76. Corpus Chr. Coll. CXCVII. Fragments of St. Luke [viii], possibly from the same MS. as Bentley’s φ; _see_ above, no. 66, and also Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS., p. 49; this MS. has been described, and the fragments of St. John published, by J. Goodwin, Publications of the Cambr. Antiq. Soc., no. xiii, 1847. Bentley’s C.

77. Corpus Chr. Coll. CCLXXXVI Evan. Gospels [vii], formerly belonging to the monastery of St. Augustine at Canterbury, and alleged to have been sent by Pope Gregory to Augustine. They contain an interesting text, the first hand being corrected throughout in accordance with a MS. of the type of the Codex Amiatinus. _See_ Westwood, Anglo-Sax. and Ir. MSS., pp. 49, 50; Pal. Sacra Pict., pl. 11. 1-4; Palaeogr. Soc., i. pl. 33, 34, 44. Collated by the Rev. A. W. Streane. Bentley’s B; Wordsworth’s X.

_Dublin._

78. Trinity College A. 1. 6. Gospels [vii or viii], commonly known as the Book of Kells; given to Trinity College, Dublin, by Archbishop Ussher. This MS. is principally known as being perhaps the most perfect specimen of Irish writing and illumination in existence, but it also contains a valuable text, though marked with the characteristics of the Irish family. A collation is given by Dr. Abbott in his edition of the Codex Usserianus, or _r_1 (_see_ p. 50). Facsimiles in Palaeogr. Soc., i. pl. 55-8, 88, 89; Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS. pp. 25-33, pl. 8-11, and Pal. Sacra Pict., pl. 16, 17; also National MSS. of Ireland, i. pp. x-xii, pl. vii-xvii. Wordsworth’s Q.

79. Trinity Coll. A. 4. 5. The Book of Durrow. Gospels [end of vi], 8vo, semi-uncial, the text is allied to Amiatinus; cited by Bp. Wordsworth as _durmach_. According to an inscription on what was the last page, the MS. was written by St. Columba himself in the space of twelve days; the inscription however, like the rest of the book, is probably copied from an earlier exemplar. A collation of this MS. is given by Professor Abbott in his edition of _r_1 (_see_ p. 50); _see_ also his article “On the colophon of the Book of Durrow” (Dublin Hermathena, 1891, p. 199).

80. Trin. Coll. The Book of Moling. Gospels [viii or ix], small 4to, much the same size, writing, and ornamentation as the Gospels of Macdurnan (_see_ 84); but so defaced by damp as to be quite illegible in parts.

81. Royal Irish Academy. The Stowe St. John, formerly in the Ashburnham Library; originally belonging to a Church in Munster. Irish handwriting and text. _See_ Berger, p. 42.

_Durham._

82. Cathedral Library, A. ii. 16. Gospels [vii or viii], 134 leaves; said to have been written by Bede, and may very possibly have come from the monastery at Jarrow; _mut._ in parts; text allied to the Cod. Amiatinus. Cited by Bentley as K, by Wordsworth (who makes use of it only in St. John) as Δ.

83. Cathedral Library, A. ii. 17. St. John, St. Mark, and St. Luke [prob. viii], with another fragment of St. Luke xxi. 33-xxiii. 34. _See_ Westwood, A.-S. and Ir. MSS., p. 47; Bentley’s [xi], but to be distinguished from his [xi] in Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 17. 5, which is St. Chad’s book at Lichfield (_see_ no. 85).

_Lambeth._

84. Lambeth Palace Library. The Gospels of Macdurnan [x], 216 leaves, Irish writing and ornamentation; an inscription (fol. 3 _b_), in square Saxon capitals, states that it was written by a scribe named Maeielbrith Mac-Durnain. _See_ Westwood, Pal. Sacra Pict., pl. 13, 14, 15.

_Lichfield._

85. Chapter Library. Gospels [vii or viii], traditionally ascribed to St. Chad, who was Bishop of Lichfield; formerly the MS. was at Llandaff on the altar of St. Telian; 110 leaves, Irish, half-uncial; the writing and ornamentation are very beautiful and resemble the Books of Kells, Lindisfarne, &c.; the text belongs to the Irish group of MSS. Contains Matt., Mark, and Luke i. 1-iii. 9. A careful collation, with full introduction, and three facsimiles, was published by Dr. Scrivener (Cambridge, 1887); _see_ also Palaeogr. Soc., i. pl. 20, 21, 35; Westwood, Anglo-Sax. and Ir. MSS., pp. 56-58, pl. 23, and Pal. Sacra Pict., pl. 12. Bentley’s [xi] in Trin. Coll. B. 17. 5; Wordsworth’s L.

_Oxford._

86. Bodl. 857, and Auct. D. 2. 14. Gospels [vii], formerly belonging to St. Augustine’s Library at Canterbury, and generally known as “St. Augustine’s Gospels;” British text. _See_ Westwood, Palaeogr. Sacra Pict., pl. 11, no. 5. Casley’s ψ; Tischendorf’s _bodl._; Wordsworth’s O, collated for him by F. Madan and Rev. G. M. Youngman.

87. Bodl. Auct. D. 2. 19. Gospels [ix], commonly called the “Rushworth Gospels” or “Gospels of Mac Regol,” written by an Irish scribe, who died A.D. 820; has an interlinear Anglo-Saxon version; the Latin text belongs to the Irish type. _Mut._ Luke iv. 29-viii. 38; x. 19-39; xv. 16-xvi. 26. Collation given in the edition of the Surtees Soc., The Lindisfarne and Rushworth Gospels, by Stevenson and Waring, 1854-65; and by W. W. Skeat, The Gospel of St. Matthew; Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Cambridge, 1887. Casley’s χ; Wordsworth’s R.

88. Bodl. Laud. Lat. 102. Gospels [x], 210 leaves, fol., Saxon minuscule; formerly at Würzburg, where it was bought at the instance of Archbishop Laud. Mixed text, but with traces of Irish influence. _See_ Berger, p. 54.

89. Corp. Christi Coll. 122. Gospels [prob. xi], an Irish MS.; _mut._ John i. 1-33; vii. 33-xviii. 20. Bentley’s C in Trin. Coll. Cam. B. 17. 5; collated for him by Casley; British type of text.

90. St. John’s Coll. 194. Gospels [xi], in very small hand: collated by Casley and cited by Bentley as γ.

_Stonyhurst._

91. Stonyhurst, Jesuit College. The Gospel of St. John [vii]; originally the property, according to a legend which goes back to the thirteenth century, of St. Cuthbert, in whose coffin it was found; it was preserved in Durham Cathedral till the time of Henry VIII. A minute but exquisitely written uncial MS., with a text closely resembling A; facsimiles in Palaeogr. Soc., i. pl. 17; Westwood, Palaeogr. Sacra Pict., pl. 11, no. 6. Wordsworth’s S.

c. _France: Angers._

92. Angers Public Library, no. 20. Gospels [ix-x], written in a French hand, but showing signs of Irish influence both in its ornamentation and text. _See_ Berger, p. 48.

_Autun._

93. Autun, Grand Séminaire, no. 3. Gospels [dated 755], written for Vosavius by Gundohínus; uncial hand. Vulgate text but with a good many variations. _See_ Berger, p. 90.

_Avignon._

94. Gospels in the monastery of St. Andrew near Avignon: extracts in Martianay (Vulgata ant. Latina), 1695, and Calmet (Commentaire litt., vii), 1726: cited by Tischendorf as _and_. The MS. has disappeared. _See_ Berger, p. 80.

_Paris._

95. B. N. Lat. 256. Gospels [vii], in uncial hand; Vulgate text but with a good many Old Latin readings. _See_ Berger, p. 91.

96. Lat. 262, formerly Reg. 3706, from Puy. Gospels [ix], with prefatory matter, fol., 247 leaves, thick minuscule; _mut._ in parts. Walker’s ο1.

97. Lat. 281 and 298. Gospels [viii], known as “Codex Bigotianus,” in fine uncial hand, formerly at Fécamp; probably written in France, but both the text and the calligraphy show traces of Irish influence. It is _mut._ in parts; collated by Walker, who cites it as π, and again by Wordsworth, who cites it as B. _See_ Delisle, Cab. des MSS., atlas, pl. x. 1, 2; Berger, p. 50.

98. Lat. 9389. Gospels [viii?], 223 leaves, 4to, formerly belonging to the Benedictine Abbey of St. Willibrord at Echternach; written in an Irish hand, with the interesting subscription on the last page, “Proemendaui ut potui secundum codicem de bibliotheca eugipi praespiteri quem ferunt fuisse sci hieronimi indictione vi p(ost) con(sulatum) bassilii ū c. anno septimo deximo = A.D. 558.” This, however, must have been in the exemplar from which it was copied, as the MS. itself is at least two centuries later. It presents the Irish type of text, but has been carefully corrected throughout, and the marginal readings represent another type. _See_ Delisle, Cab. des MSS., pl. xix. 8; Pal. universelle, pl. ccxxvi; Westwood, Anglo-Sax. and Ir. MSS., p. 58, pl. xxi; Berger, p. 52 f. Cited by Wordsworth as [Symbol: EP ligature] collated by the Rev. H. J. White.

99. Lat. 10,439. St. John’s Gospel [viii], formerly belonging to the Cathedral of Chartres, where it was found in the reliquary containing the sacred vest. A small manuscript, in uncial writing; mixed text, the earlier chapters Old Latin, the rest Vulgate. _See_ Berger, p. 89.

100. Lat. 11,955, formerly St. Germain 777, then 663 or 664. 2. St. Matt. and St. Mark [viii?], 54 leaves, 4to, golden uncials on purple vellum; _mut._ Matt. i. 1-vi. 2; xxvi. 42-xxvii. 49; Mark i. 1-ix. 47; xi. 13-xii. 23. Walker’s α; Tischendorf’s _reg._; _see_ O. L. Bibl. Texts, i. p. 55; Delisle, Cab. des MSS., atlas, pl. i. 2.

101. Lat. 11,959. Gospels [ix], from St. Maur des Fossés. Found by Sabatier in the St. Germain Library and collated by him; cited by Tischendorf as _foss_.

102. Lat. 13,171, formerly St. Germain numbered successively 18, 666, and 223. Gospels [ix], 4to, 223 leaves, small round minuscule. Walker’s φ.

103. Lat. 17,226. Gospels [vii], in uncials. Vulgate text, but with a certain number of old readings in it. _See_ Berger, p. 90.

104. Nouvelles acquisitions lat. 1587 (Libri 14). Gospels [vii-ix], from St. Gatien’s, Tours, then in the Ashburnham Library, now at Paris. Quoted by Calmet (Nouv. Dissertations, pp. 448-488), 1720, and by Bianchini, Ev. Quadr.; contains a number of Old Latin readings, and on the whole rather resembles Br. Mus. Egerton 609 (no. 67) in text. Usually cited as _gat. See_ Berger, p. 46.

105. Nouv. acq. lat. 2196. Evangeliarium [xi], from Luxeuil, written about 105 A.D. by Gerard, abbot of the Benedictine monastery there: sold at Didot’s sale in 1879 to the National Library at Paris; cited by Mabillon, Sabatier, and Tischendorf as _lux. See_ Delisle, Mélanges de Paléographie, p. 154 (1880).

_Tours._

106. Public Library 22; formerly at Saint Martin. Gospels [viii or ix], in gold letters, interesting text. Quoted by Sabatier in Mark, Luke, and John. Walker’s ρ, Tischendorf’s mt., Wordsworth’s [Symbol: MT ligature]; collated for his edition of the Vulgate by the Rev. G. M. Youngman. _See_ also Berger, p. 47.

107. Public Libr. 23, formerly St. Martin 174. Gospels [ix], 192 leaves, minuscule. Collated by L. Chevalier, and cited by Walker as σ. _See_ Dorange, Cat. des MSS. de Tours, 1875, p. 9.

108. Public Libr. 25, formerly Marmoutier 231 according to Delisle. Gospels [xii], but mut. in many parts and wanting after John vii. 5; Collated by Chevalier. Walker’s τ.

d. _Germany: Berlin._

109. Royal Library, MS. Theol. lat. 4to, no. 4. Gospels [ix or x], with prefatory matter; 164 leaves, 25 x 20 cent., minuscule. This MS. formerly belonged to the Augustinian College of Corsendonk near Turnhout in Brabant, and is the “Corsendonkense Exemplar” of Erasmus, used by him in his second edition, with notes in his own hand. _See_ O. L. Bibl. Texts, i. p. 53.

_Erlangen._

110. Gospels at Erlangen, used by Sanftl, Dissertatio etc., Ratisbon, 1789, p. 76, and cited by Tischendorf as _erl_.

_Karlsruhe._

111. Grand Ducal Library, Cod. Augiensis 211. Gospels [ix], formerly at Reichenau; text strongly marked by Irish readings. _See_ Berger, p. 56.

_Mayhingen._

112. Library of Prince Œttingen-Wallerstein. Gospels [viii], from the Abbey of St. Arnoul at Metz; has a note at the end “Laurentius vivat senio”; the Laurentius referred to being probably the scribe of the celebrated Echternach martyrology. _See_ Berger, p. 52.

_Munich._

113. Royal Libr. Lat. 13,601 = Cim. 54. Gospels [xi], 119 leaves, folio, from Niedermünster; magnificent pictures and illuminations; _see_ Kugler, Museum, 1834, p. 164; Woltmann, Gesch. d. Malerei, i. 258; Berth. Richl, Zur Bayr. Kunstgesch., i. 16.

114. Lat. 14,000, Cim. 55. Gospels [ix, dated 870], folio, from St. Emmeram’s, Ratisbon. This magnificent book is written in golden uncials on fine white vellum, a good deal of purple being employed in the earlier pages; there are splendid illuminations before each Gospel. Collated by C. Sanftl, Dissertatio etc., Ratisbon, 1789. Tischendorf’s _em_.

115. Royal Library. Gospels [vii], from Ingolstadt; _mut._ in many places, especially in St. Matthew, where it only preserves xxii. 39-xxiv. 19; xxv. 14 _ad fin._ Collated by Tischendorf, who cited it as _ing_. His collation is in the possession of Bp. Wordsworth, who cites the MS. as I.

_Nuremberg._

116. Dr. Dombart in Hilgenfeld’s Zeitschr., 1881, p. 455 f., has drawn attention to some fragments [probably vi cent.] of St. Luke and St. John now in the Germanisches Museum at Nuremberg; they consist of twenty-eight leaves detached from the covers of books and contain, though _mut._, Luke v. 19-xxiv. 31, John i. 19-33, written in a most beautiful uncial hand, perhaps not surpassed by any other MS. The text seems to be allied to Amiatinus, but with a considerable mixture of Old Latin readings. More fragments from the same MS. are to be found in the Libri collection; _see_ “Catalogue de la partie réservée de la collection Libri” (1862), p. 45, no. 226, pl. lviii.

_Trier._

117. Stadtbibliothek, no. xxii. Gospels [end of viii], 172 leaves, folio, written partly in uncials but mostly in Caroline minuscules; this is the famous “Codex Aureus,” or “Adahandschrift,” and is a truly magnificent copy. A full description, both of the palaeography and of the critical value of the text, is given in the fine monograph published at Leipzig in 1889, and entitled “Die Trierer Adahandschrift;” by several authors. The dissertation on the text is by Dr. P. Corssen.

_Wolfenbüttel._

118. A Wolfenbüttel palimpsest [v], quoted occasionally in the Gospels by Tischendorf as _gue. lect._ _See_ “Anecdota sacra et profana,” p. 164 f.

_Würzburg._

119. University Library, Mp. Th. q. 1 _a_. Gospels [early vii], 152 leaves, 4to, formerly belonging to the Cathedral Treasury; fine uncial writing, and beautiful ivory carving on the covers. According to tradition this MS. belonged to St. Kilian and was found in his tomb; _see_ however Berger, p. 54. _Mut_. Matt. i. 1-vi. 8; John xx. 23-xxi. 25. Facsimile in Zangemeister and Wattenb., Supplem. ad Exempla codd. lat., pl. lviii-lviii _a_.(93)

120. Mp. th. q. 1. Gospels [x], 194 leaves, 4to, formerly belonging to the Benedictine monastery of St. Stephen. A splendid MS.

121. Mp. th. q. 4. Gospels [xi], 168 leaves, 4to, probably once the property of the monastery at Neumünster. A fine MS. and strongly resembling Mp. th. f. 66 (no. 124).

122. Mp. th. f. 61. St. Matthew [viii], 34 leaves, folio, Anglo-Saxon writing with interlinear glosses; the text is largely intermixed with Old Latin readings. _See_ the monograph of K. Köberlin, Eine Würzb. Evang. Hdschr.; Progr. d. Studienanstalt bei S. Anna in Augsburg, 1891.

123. Mp. th. f. 65. Gospels [viii or ix], 182 leaves, folio, formerly belonging to the Cathedral Treasury. Fine minuscule.

124. Mp. th. f. 66. Gospels [viii or ix], 207 leaves, folio, formerly belonging to the Cathedral Treasury. Fine minuscule; was a special treasure of Bishop Heinrich.

125. Mp. th. f. 67. Gospels [vii or viii], 192 leaves, folio, probably from the Cathedral Treasury; semi-uncial, and ivory carving on the cover; there are occasional corrections in an early hand, and the first hand has a large intermixture of Old Latin readings; _mut_. after John xviii. 35, and does not contain John v. 4.

126. Mp. th. f. 68. Gospels [vi or vii], 170 leaves, folio, formerly belonging to the Cathedral Treasury; fine and large uncial, and ivory carving on the cover; corrected frequently in a later minuscule hand, but the reading of the first hand is always visible, and agrees largely with Amiatinus, though in St. John’s Gospel there is a good proportion of Old Latin readings.

127. Mp. th. f. 88. Gospels [xii or xiii], 194 leaves, folio; according to an inscription on fol. 194 the MS. was brought from Rome by a Cardinal to the Council of Basle, and used by him there; and then was bought for the Cathedral at Würzburg and handsomely bound.

e. _Holland: Utrecht._

128. Utrecht. At the end of the famous “Utrecht Psalter” are bound up some fragments [vii or viii] of St. Matthew (i. 1-iii. 4) and St. John (i. 1-21), written in an Anglian hand, strongly resembling that of the Codex Amiatinus. Facsimiles are given in the well-known edition of the Psalter, which was photographed by the autotype process and published in London in 1873. Wordsworth’s U.

f. _Italy: Cividale._

129. Cividale, Friuli. Gospels [vi or vii]. St. Matthew, St. Luke, and St. John are at Cividale in Friuli, from which the MS. is named “Codex Forojuliensis”; St. Mark partly at Venice in a wretched and illegible plight, partly at Prague. This last portion (xii. 21-xvi. 20) was edited by J. Dobrowsky (Prague, 1778), and is cited by Tischendorf as _prag._; the other Gospels are edited by Bianchini in the “Evang. Quadruplex,” ii. app., p. 473 f., and are cited by Tischendorf as _for._; the MS. is cited throughout by Wordsworth as J. St. John is _mut._ xix. 29-40; xx. 19-xxi. 25. Facsimile in Zangem. and Wattenb., pl. 36.

_Milan._

130. Ambrosian Library, C. 39 inf. Gospels [vi], 288 leaves, uncial; with the numbers of the Sections and Canons in small Greek uncials, and some early and interesting lectionary notes in the margins; the text is also very interesting and valuable. _Mut._ Matt. i. 1-6; 25-iii. 12; xxiii. 25-xxv. 41; Mark vi. 10-viii. 12. In a later hand [ix] are Mark xiv. 35-48; John xix. 12-23; also a repeated Passion lesson, John xiii-xviii. Wordsworth’s M; transcribed for his edition of the Vulgate by Padre Fortunato Villa, one of the “Scrittori” of the Library.

131. Ambrosian Library, I. 61 sup. Gospels [viii], Irish hand; interesting text; it has been corrected throughout, and the corrections are as interesting as the original text, giving us good specimens of “Western” readings; _see_ Berger, p. 58.

_Perugia._

132. Chapter Library; part of St. Luke’s Gospel [vi], in a purple MS.; contains Luke i. 1-xii. 7, but much _mut._ Edited by Bianchini, Evang. Quadr., ii. app., p. 562; Tischendorf’s _pe._; Wordsworth’s P.

_Turin._

133. Gospels [vii?], at Turin, used by Tischendorf and cited by him as _taur._; _see_ “Anecdota Sacra et Profana,” p. 160.

g. _Spain: Escurial._

134. Gospels [xi], 170 leaves, double columns, written apparently at Spires on the Rhine, in gold letters; now in the Escurial, not numbered, but exhibited under glass; the “Aureum exemplar” of Erasmus; _see_ Old Lat. Bibl. Texts, i. p. 51.

h. _Switzerland: Berne._

135. University Library, no. 671. Gospels [ix or x], written in a small and graceful Irish hand; mixed text. _See_ Berger, p. 56.

_Geneva._

136. No. 6. Gospels [viii or ix], Anglo-Saxon text. Berger, p. 57.

_St. Gall._

137. Stiftsbibliothek. No. 17 [ix-x], part of a 4to volume of 342 pages, two MSS. bound up together; pp. 3-117 contain the Gospel of St. Matthew; pp. 118-132, St. Mark i. 1-iii. 27 with preface.

138. No. 49 [ix], 4to, 314 pages. Gospels, with prefatory matter.

139. No. 50 [ix-x], 4to, 534 pages. Gospels, with prefatory matter and capitulare.

140. No. 51 [viii], folio, 268 pages, Irish semi-uncial. Gospels; illuminated title-pages and initials, strongly resembling the style of the Books of Kells and Lindisfarne (nos. 78, 64). Vulgate text, but with Old Latin readings, especially in the earlier chapters of St. Matthew. _See_ Berger, p. 56.

141. No. 52 [ix], folio, 286 pages. Gospels, with prefatory matter.

142. No. 53 [ix-x], folio, 305 pages. Gospels, with title-pages and initials finely illuminated; written by Sintram, a Deacon at St. Gall, and known as the “Evangelium longum”; remarkable also for its handsome binding with ivory carvings.

143. No. 60 [viii], folio, 70 pages, Irish writing. St. John’s Gospel, with illuminated title-page and picture of St. John; this is one of the thirty “libri scottice scripti,” mentioned in the ninth century catalogue of the Library; Tischendorf transcribed part of this MS.

144. No. 1394; the book of fragments that contains the Old Latin fragments, _n o p_ (_see_ p. 49). Pages 101-104 are two leaves small folio [ix] in Irish minuscules, and contain St. Luke i-iii; transcribed by Tischendorf.

145. No. 1395 [vi], being pp. 7-327 of a 4to MS., containing 90 leaves and a number of fragments of a MS. of the Gospels in Roman minuscules; only Matt. vi. 21-John xvii. 18 remain. The scribe says that he had two Latin MSS. before him, and a Greek MS. to which he occasionally referred. _See_ below, no. 180. Tischendorf’s _san_.

i. _United States: Oswego N. Y._

146. Library of Th. Irwin, Esq. Gospels [viii], gold letters on purple vellum, formerly in the Hamilton Collection (No. 151); falsely ascribed to Abp. Wilfrid of York († 709); _see_ Berger, p. 259.

D. ACTS, EPISTLES, APOCALYPSE.

a. _British Isles: British Museum._

147. Add. 11,852. Pauline Epp. (including Laod.), Act., Cath., Apoc. [ix], 215 leaves, small 4to, Caroline minuscule. Written for Hartmotus, Abbot of St. Gall (872-884): it afterwards belonged to the Library of Raymund Kraft at Ulm, and was described by J. G. Schelhorn in 1725 and Häberlin in 1739; bought at Frankfort by Bp. Butler: _see_ Dobbin, Cod. Montfort., Introd., p. 44; and the careful examination by E. Nestle, Bengel als Gelehrter, pp. 58-60, Tübingen, 1892. Wordsworth’s U2; collated by the Rev. H. J. White.

_Oxford._

148. Bodl. 3418. The Selden Acts, Seld. 30 [vii or viii], mut. xiv. 26-xv. 32. A most valuable uncial MS., collated by Casley, who cited it as χ, and by Bp. Wordsworth, who cites it as O2. _See_ Westcott, Vulgate, p. 1696.

b. _France: Paris._

149. B. N. Lat. 305; Acts, Cath., Paul. (Laod. between Col. and Thess.), Apoc. [xi], texts resembling B. N. 93 (_see_ above, no. 15); probably written at Saint Denis. Berger, p. 100.

150. Lat. 309; Acts, Epp., Apoc. [xi], in following order: Pauline Epp. (with Laod. _after_ Thess.), Acts, Cath., Apoc. The text, especially in the Acts, resembles that of B. N. 93 (_see_ above, no. 15). Berger, p. 99.

151. Lat. 13,174. Formerly St. Germain 23, then 669; Acts, Cath., Apoc. [ix], 139 leaves, 4to, thick minuscule. Valuable text, and contains an interesting note on the passage 1 John v. 7; Berger, p. 103. Walker’s γ.

152. Lat. 17,250. Acts and Apocalypse [early xii]; 126 leaves, 32 x 23 cent.; a corrector, apparently of the thirteenth century, has added in the Acts a number of interesting additions from an extremely old version. Formerly at Navarre, and bought in 1445 by Nic. de la Mare from Jean de Mouson. Examined by S. Berger.

c. _Germany: Munich._

153. Royal Lib. Lat. 6230. Formerly Freisingen 30. Acts, Cath., and Apoc. [early ix?], 126 leaves, large rough Caroline minuscules. Described in the Munich Catalogue as tenth century, but it seems nearer the beginning of the ninth; has a good text, but rather mixed, especially in the Acts, where there are strange conjunctions of good and bad readings. Wordsworth’s M2. Collated by the Rev. H. J. White.

d. _Switzerland: St. Gall._

154. Stiftsbibliothek. No. 2 [viii], part of a thick 4to volume of 586 pages (not leaves), containing various matter; pp. 301-489 contain Acts and Apoc. in a large minuscule hand, written by the monk and priest Winithar; text interesting, but mixed. Wordsworth’s S2 in Acts and Apoc. Collated by the Rev. H. J. White.

155. No. 63 [ix], 4to, 320 pages. Acts, Epistles, and Apoc. divided as follows: foll. 2-163 Pauline Epp.; 163-244 Acts; 245-283 Catholic Epp. (but not 2 and 3 John), the “three heavenly witnesses” in 1 John v. 7 being added by a contemporary corrector; 283-320 Apocalypse.

156. No. 72 [ix], folio, 336 pages, containing St. Paul’s Epp., Acts, Cath. Epp., and Apoc.

157. No. 83 [ix], large folio, 418 pages; a fine MS., written by the order of Grimaldus and presented by him to the Library. Contains St. Paul’s Epp., Acts, Cath. Epp., and Apoc., with prefatory matter.

158. No. 1398a [xi], folio. A collection of fragments, of which ff. 230-255 contain fragments of Acts i. 1-v. 36.

E. EPISTLES (CATH., PAUL.) AND APOC.

a. _British Isles: British Museum._

159. Harl. 1772. Epistles and Apoc. [viii], Col. after Thess., and lacking Jude and Laod.; the Apoc. is _mut._ xiv. 16-fin. Formerly at Paris, from whence it was stolen by Jean Aymon. Written in a French hand, but showing traces of Irish influence in its initials and ornamentation; the text is much mixed with Old Latin readings; it has been corrected throughout, and the first hand so carefully erased in places as to be quite illegible. Collated in part by Griesbach, Symb. Crit., i. pp. 326-82, and by the Rev. H. J. White; _see_ also Berger, p. 50. Bentley’s M in Trin. Coll. Cam. B. 17. 14; Wordsworth’s Z2.

_Cambridge._

160. Trin. Coll. B. x. 5 [ix], the Neville MS., 4to, Saxon hand: St. Paul’s Epp., beginning 1 Cor. vii. 32. Bentley’s S.

_Oxford._

161. Bodl. Laud. Lat. 108 [ix], 4to, 117 leaves, Irish hand. Contains St. Paul’s Epp. with prefatory matter (ending at Heb. xi. 34), in following order: Rom., 1, 2 Cor., Gal., Eph., Phil., 1, 2 Thess., Col., 1, 2 Tim., Tit., Philem., Heb. A valuable text, corrected apparently by three hands; the original text Old Latin, but has been much erased; in many cases agrees with _d_ (Claromontanus) against most, or all, other MSS. _See_ Westcott, Vulgate, p. 1696. Casley’s χ; Wordsworth’s O3.

b. _France: Laon_

162. Public Library, no. 45. Epistles and Apoc. [xiii], from the monastery of St. Vincent near Laon. 141 leaves, 4 to, containing latter part of the Old Testament, and the Epp. Apoc. in following order: Rom., 1, 2 Cor., Gal., Eph., Phil., Col., 1, 2 Thess., 1, 2 Tim., Tit., Philem., Heb., Apoc., James, 1, 2 Pet., 1, 2, 3 John, Jude; and then the apocryphal Petitio Corinthiorum a Paulo apostolo, and 3rd Ep. to the Corinthians. _See_ Bratke in Theol. Lt. Zeitung, 1892, p. 585 ff.

_Orleans._

163. Public Library, no. 16. Consists of a number of fragments of five Biblical MSS.; the two last contain portions of 1 Cor., 1 Thess., Eph., and Phil. [viii?]. Berger, p. 84.

_Paris._

164. B. N. 107. The Latin version of Cod. Claromontanus. Walker collated Rom. and 1 Cor. as far as x. 4; he cites it as δ.

165. Lat. 335. Pauline Epp. [viii], in Lombard characters. A valuable MS. Wordsworth’s L2.

166. Lat. 2328. Codex Lemovicensis. Catholic Epp. [ix], mixed text; contains 1 John v. 7, with the “Three Heavenly Witnesses,” but in a mutilated form. Wordsworth’s L3.

167. Lat. 9553. Formerly Tours 116. St. Paul’s Epp., with other matter [xi], 114 leaves, long minuscule; _see_ Delisle, Notice sur les MSS. disparus de la Bibl. de Tours, no. iv. p. 17 (1883). Collated by Chevalier; Walker’s υ.

c. _Germany: Bamberg._

168. Royal Library, A. ii. 42. Apocalypse and Evangelistarium [x], written in the monastery of Reichenau; a gift from the Empress Kunigunde to the Collegiate foundation of St. Stephan. Noticeable especially for the large number of pictures (fifty-seven) with which the MS. is ornamented; it is perhaps one of the most interesting specimens we have of the pictorial art of this period. _See_ Leitschuh, Führer durch d. kgl. Bibl. zu Bamberg, 1889, p. 89 ff.

_Munich._

169. Royal Library, Lat. 4577. St. Paul’s Epp. [viii?], with prefatory matter; Col. after Thess., and followed by Laod.; Heb. at end.

170. Lat. 6229, formerly Freisingen 29. St. Paul’s Epp. [viii or ix], with prefatory matter. Order as above. The text of this MS. appears to be like 169, and is excellent in the Romans, mixed in the other Epp.; there is an interesting stichometry; examined by Berger.

171. Lat. 14179. St. Paul’s Epp. [ix or x]; interesting text.

_Würzburg._

172. University Library, Mp. Th. f. 12. Epistles of St. Paul [ix], with Irish glosses. A well-known MS. The glosses have been published by Professor Zimmer (Glossae Hibernicae, Berlin, 1881), and by Mr. Whitley Stokes, with a translation (The Old Irish Glosses of Würzburg and Carlsruhe, Austin, Hertford, 1887); selections published and translated by the Rev. T. Olden (The Holy Scriptures in Ireland a thousand years ago, Dublin, 1888).

173. Mp. Th. f. 69. Pauline Epp. [viii], with Irish initials; Col. after Thess.

d. _Italy: Monza._

174. Collegiate Archives, no. 1-2/9. Fragments of a Bible [x], Lombard writing; all that is left in the New Test. is part of the Epistles of St. Paul. Probably copied from an ancient MS.; Col. follows Eph.; text strongly resembles that of Milan E. 26 inf. (no. 30 above). Berger, p. 139.

_Rome._

175. Vat. Reg. Lat. 9. Pauline Epp. [vii], 114 leaves, 30.3 x 20.3 cent., uncial. Collated for Bp. Wordsworth’s Vulgate by Dr. Meyncke, and cited as R2; _see_ also Bianchini, Vindiciae, p. cclxxxiii. Colossians are placed after Thessalonians; _see_ Berger, p. 85.

_Verona._

176. Chapter Library, no. 74. St. Paul’s Epistles [x], a text strongly agreeing with the first corrector of Cod. Fuldensis (_see_ above, p. 75, no. 56); Corssen, Ep. ad Galatas, Berlin, 1885, p. 19.

e. _Switzerland: St. Gall._

177. Stiftsbibliothek, no. 64. [ix], a 4to MS. of 414 pages, of which ff. 1-267 contain St. Paul’s Epp.

178. No. 70. [viii], folio, 258 pages, written by the monk Winithar, of which ff. 1-250 contain St. Paul’s Epp. (Hebrews being placed after 2 Timothy). _See_ Berger, p. 117.

179. No. 907. [viii], 4to, 320 pages, large hand, written by the monk Winithar; pp. 237-297 and 303-318 contain the Epistles of James, Peter, and John, and Apoc. i. 1-vii. 2.

180. No. 908. 219 pages 4to [vi], of which pp. 77-219 form a very valuable palimpsest MS.; the original writing, a Martyrology in Roman semi-uncial hand; over this, St. Paul’s Epp. in uncials, beginning Eph. vi. 2 and finishing 1 Tim. ii. 5. Transcribed by Tischendorf and quoted by him as _san_.

181. No. 1395 _See_ above, no. 145. Pages 440-441 in the same collection contain fragments of Col. iii. 5-24 in a large Irish hand.

We now subjoin the various notations of these MSS., Bentley’s, Walker’s, Casley’s, Tischendorf’s, Wordsworth’s:—

Bentley’s notation.

A = 61. B = 77. C = 76. C in Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 17.5 = 89. D = 65. E = 63. F = 72. H = 60. H in Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 17.5 = 71. K = 82. M = 159. M in Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 17.5 = 70. O = 59. P = 62. R = 3. S = 160. T = 75. W = 69. X = 74. Y = 64. Z = 68. φ = 66. ξ = 83. ξ in Trin. Coll. Camb. B. 17.5 = 85.

Walker’s and Casley’s notation.

α = 100. γ (Walker) = 151. γ (Casley) = 90. δ = 164. ε = 10. η = 11. θ = 15. κ = 16. λ = 52. μ = 21. ν = 20. ο1 = 96. ο2 = 19. π = 97. ρ = 106. σ = 107. τ = 108. υ = 167. φ = 102. χ (Evv.) = 87. χ (Act.) = 148. χ (Epp.) = 161. ψ = 86.

Tischendorf’s notation.

_am_. = 29. _and_. = 94. _bodl._ = 86. _cav._ = 28. _demid._ = 50. _em._ = 114. _erl._ = 110. _for._ = 129. _foss._ = 101. _fuld._ = 56. _gat._ = 104. _gue. lect._ = 118. _harl._ = 68. _ing._ = 115. _lux._ = 105. _mm._ = 67. _mt._ = 106. _pe._ = 132. _prag._ ( = _for._) = 129. _reg._ = 100. _san._ (_Ev._) = 145. _san._ (_Ep._) = 180. _taur._ = 133. _theotisc._ = 58. _tol._ = 41.

Wordsworth’s notation.

A = 29. B = 97. B2 = 25. [Symbol: BF ligature] = 72. C = 28. D = 51. Δ = 82. E = 67. [Symbol: EP ligature] = 98. F = 56. G = 21. H = 6. Θ = 18. I = 115. J = 129. K = 5. L = 85. L2 = 165. L3 = 166. M = 130. M2 = 153 [Symbol: MT ligature] = 106 O = 86. O2 = 148. O3 = 161. P = 132. Q = 78. R = 87. R2 = 175. S = 91. S2 = 154. T = 41. U = 128. U2 = 147. V = 37. W = 2. X = 77. Y = 64. Z = 68. Z2 = 159.