Chapter 35

15. _Scalpellum vulgare_ (hermaphrodite), magnified three times.

(_a, a._) Complemental males.

(_b._) Rostrum, of which a separate enlarged figure (_b´_) is given.

15_a´._ Scutum of the hermaphrodite _Scalpellum vulgare_, internal view of.

(_a._) Fold on the occludent margin.

(_d._) Pit for the adductor muscle.

TAB. VI.

Fig.

1. _Scalpellum ornatum_, (female, magnified seven times.)

1_a´._ _Scalpellum ornatum_, Upper latus, viewed internally.

1_b´._ _Scalpellum ornatum_, Scutum of full-grown specimen, viewed internally, much magnified.

(_a._) Depression for the adductor muscle.

(_b._) Depression for the reception of the male.

1_c´._ _Scalpellum ornatum_, cutum of half-grown specimen, viewed internally, much magnified, on same scale with fig. 1 _b´_. The depression (_b_) for the reception of the male is here seen, in almost the first stage of formation.

1_d´._ _Scalpellum ornatum._ An imaginary section through the cavity (_x_) in which the male is lodged.

(_a._) Section of the shell of the scutum of the female.

(_b._) A layer of chitine homologous with the shell, and _partially_ lining the scutum.

(_c._) The inner lining (of chitine) of the sack of the female.

(_d._) A double fold of corium.

2. _Scalpellum rutilum_, (magnified two and a half times).

2_a´._ _Scalpellum rutilum_, Internal view of scutum, enlarged.

(_a._) Depression for the adductor muscle.

(_b._) Cavity for the reception of the male.

2_b´._ _Scalpellum rutilum_, External view of carina.

2_c´._ _Scalpellum rutilum_, Section across middle of carina.

3. Complemental Male of _Scalpellum Peronii_, greatly magnified.

4. Complemental Male of _Scalpellum villosum_, greatly magnified.

(_a´._) Natural size.

4, _a, b, c._ Ditto, valves separated.

(_a._) Scutum.

(_b._) Tergum.

(_c._) Carina.

5. Complemental Male of _Scalpellum rostratum_, a restored figure, greatly magnified. Scutum and rudimentary carina correct.

6. _Scalpellum Peronii_, one and a half the natural size.

(_a._) Rostrum a little more enlarged, front view of.

7. _Scalpellum rostratum_, magnified six times.

(_a._) Rostrum, front view of.

8. _Scalpellum villosum_, magnified one and a half the natural size.

8_a_, _b._ _Scalpellum villosum_

(_a._) Internal view of rostrum.

(_b._) Internal view of sub-rostrum.

TAB. VII.

Fig.

1. _Pollicipes cornucopia_, (one and a half nat. size.)

1_a._ _Pollicipes cornucopia_, internal view of valves.

2. _Pollicipes polymerus_, (one and a half nat. size.)

2_a._ _Pollicipes polymerus_, internal view of valves.

3. _Pollicipes mitella_, nat. size.

3_a´._ _Pollicipes mitella_, nat. size, internal views of

(_a._) Scutum, and of

(_b._) Tergum, showing articular fold.

3_b´._ _Pollicipes mitella_, Internal view of other valves, in a small specimen, showing the manner in which the valves of the lower whorl overlap each other.

(_a._) Upper latera.

(_b._) Carina,

(_c._) Sub-carina, both viewed a little obliquely.

(_d._) Rostrum,

(_e._) Sub-rostrum, both viewed a little obliquely.

4. _Pollicipes spinosus_, one and a half nat. size.

5. _Pollicipes sertus_, one and a half nat. size.

TAB. VIII.

Fig.

1. A piece of rock bored in two directions by _Lithotrya dorsalis_, with the calcareous basal discs in the upper cavity, serving as a bridge for crossing an old cavity. About twice natural size.

1_a´._ _Lithotrya dorsalis_, (nearly twice nat. size), with the basal calcareous cup adherent; (_a_), rostrum on same scale, seen externally.

1_b´._ _Lithotrya dorsalis_, rostrum and the rostral corners of the two scuta, together with a small portion of the subjacent membrane of the peduncle, with its calcareous scales; viewed externally, greatly magnified, showing the inferior crenated edges of the scales.

1_c´._ _Lithotrya dorsalis_, basal calcareous cup, one and a half the natural size; this is the largest specimen which I have seen.

2. _Lithotrya Nicobarica_, (magnified nearly twice;) attached to the rock, copied from Reinhardt; (_a_), rostrum on the same scale, with the other valves, seen externally; (_b_), section of the row of discs; (_c_), extreme point of the peduncle, extending beneath the row of discs.

2_a´._ Rock bored by _Lithotrya Nicobarica_, showing the row of calcareous discs, copied from Reinhardt.

3. _Lithotrya cauta_, magnified between seven and eight times; (_a_), scutum; (_b_), tergum.

3_c._ _Lithotrya cauta_, latus, greatly magnified.

3_d._ _Lithotrya cauta_, uppermost scales of the peduncle, greatly magnified.

3_e._ _Lithotrya cauta_, star-shaped discs of hard chitine, supported on a peduncle of the same substance, taken from the lower exterior surface of the peduncle, very greatly magnified.

4. _Lithotrya Rhodiopus_, (magnified five times,) internal views of; (_a_), scutum; (_b_), tergum; (_c_), latus; (_d_), carina.

5. _Lithotrya Valentiana_, (magnified between three and four times;) (_a_), internal view of scutum and tergum, locked together; (_b_), capitulum seen from vertically above; (_c_), internal view of carina; (_d_), section across the middle of the carina.

TAB. IX.

Fig.

1. _Lithotrya truncata_, (magnified four times.)

1_a´._ _Lithotrya truncata_, capitulum seen from vertically above, not so distinctly represented as in fig. 5 _b_, Pl. VIII.

1_b´._ _Lithotrya truncata_, internal views of valves; (_a_), rostrum, with a few subjacent scales of the peduncle; (_b_), scutum; (_c_), tergum; (_d_), carina.

2. A portion (about 1/10th of an inch square) of the surface of attachment of the peduncle of _Pollicipes polymerus_, seen from the outside, greatly magnified, showing the small circular (_bb_) patches of cement, poured out from the cement-ducts (_aa_) which lie within the peduncle.

2_a´._ A portion of a section, still more magnified, through the basal membrane of the peduncle, through one of the loops of the cement-ducts (_aa_), and through one of the circular patches (_b_) of cement.

3. Cement gland, duct, and ovarian tubes of _Conchoderma aurita_; (_aa_), ovarian tubes, with ova in process of formation; (_b_), cement-gland; (_c_), cement-duct.

4. _Conchoderma virgata_, enlarged, with one side of the capitulum and of the peduncle removed, to show the form and position of the body.

(_a._) tergum, edge of.

(_b._) mouth, with one of the palpi seen on the inner, upper corner.

(_c._) adductor scutorum muscle.

(_d._) orifice of acoustic (?) sack.

(_e._) scutum, occludent margin of.

(_f._) branching ovarian tubes within the peduncle.

(_g._) filamentary appendage on the prosoma.

(_h._) ditto, close to basal articulation of the first cirrus.

(_i._) ditto, on the pedicel of the first cirrus.

(_j._) ditto, on the pedicel of the third cirrus.

(_k._) ditto, on the pedicel of the fourth cirrus.

(_l._) ditto, on the pedicel of the fifth cirrus.

(_m._) edge of the carina.

(_n._) prosoma.

5. Apex of one of the filamentary appendages of _Conchoderma aurita_, greatly magnified, exhibiting the included branching testes.

6. Acoustic (?) sack of _Conchoderma virgata_, taken out of the acoustic meatus, with the diaphragm from the summit removed; greatly magnified.

7. Terminal part (magnified seven times), of the peduncle of an elongated specimen of _Scalpellum vulgare_, slit open, with the corium removed, showing the two cement-ducts (_aa_), and a row of circular patches (_bb_) of cement, by which the peduncle, along its rostral edge, is attached to the thin horny branches of the coralline. The larval antennæ are seen at the terminal point, and the two cement-ducts can be traced into them.

TAB. X.

_Figures all greatly magnified._

Fig.

1. Mandibles of _Pollicipes mitella_: exhibiting the upper (_a_) and lower (_b_) articulations, and the three principal muscles; the short upper cut off muscle runs to its attachment at the base of the palpus.

2. Mandibles of _Lithotrya dorsalis_, exhibiting four (_aa_) roughened, thin, ligamentous apodemes for the attachment of the muscles.

3. Mandibles of _Scalpellum Peronii_.

4. Mandibles of _Ibla Cumingii_.

5. Mandibles of _Lepas anatifera_.

6. Palpus of _Lepas anatifera_.

7. Palpus of _Pollicipes mitella_.

8. Palpus of _Alepas cornuta_.

9. Maxilla of _Lepas anatifera_.

10. Maxilla of _Lithotrya dorsalis_, exhibiting the horny, rigid apodeme (_a_) buried in muscles, together with the two other principal bundles of muscles.

11. Maxilla of _Ibla Cumingii_.

12. Maxilla of _Lithotrya Rhodiopus_.

13. Maxilla of _Pollicipes polymerus_.

14. Maxilla of _Pollicipes mitella_.

15. Maxilla of _Poecilasma eburnea_.

16. Outer maxilla of _Conchoderma virgata_; (_a_), orifice of the olfactory cavity, the inner delicate chitine membrane of which is seen within, the specimen having been treated with caustic potash.

17. Outer maxilla of _Pollicipes mitella,_ showing the two principal muscles, and the prominent, tubular, (_b_) olfactory orifices.

18. Caudal appendages, and basal segments of the sixth pair of cirri, of _Lepas anatifera_; (_a_), anus; (_b_), caudal appendages; (_c_), lower segment of pedicel of sixth cirrus; (_d_), upper segment of ditto; (_e_), basal segments of the two rami.

19. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of _Pollicipes sertus_.

20. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of _Scalpellum Peronii_.

21. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of _Scalpellum vulgare_.

22. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of _Pollicipes cornucopia_.

23. Caudal appendage (left-hand) _Lithotrya dorsalis_; (_a_), caudal appendage; (_c_), lower segment of pedicel of sixth cirrus; (_d_), upper segment of ditto; (_e_), segments of one of the rami.

24. Portion of caudal appendage of _Lithotrya dorsalis_, highly magnified.

25. _Pollicipes polymerus_; anterior ramus of the second cirrus.

26. _Lepas anatifera_; a segment of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (_a_), main anterior spines, of which there is a corresponding row on the opposite side; (_c_), dorsal tuft.

27. _Pollicipes polymerus_; a segment of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (_a_), main anterior spines, of which there is a corresponding row on the opposite side; (_b b_), calcareous shields on the dorsal surfaces, with tufts of fine spines near their upper edges.

28. _Alepas cornuta_; sixth cirrus of; (_a_) basal portion of one ramus, consisting of numerous segments; (_k_), the other and almost rudimentary ramus.

29. _Poecilasma fissa_; segments of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (_a_), anterior spines; (_c_), dorsal tufts.

INDEX.

Synonyms and doubtful species are printed in italics.

Abortion, extreme, in the male of Ibla, 202.

_Absia_, 332.

Acari, development of, 18.

Acoustic (?) organs, general description of, 53.

Adductor scutorum muscle, 39.

Affinities of the Lepadidæ, 64.

Alepas, Genus, 156. cornuta, 165. minuta, 160. parasita, 163. _squalicola_, 170. tubulosa, 169.

Allman, Professor, on Cyclops, 38.

_Anatifa_ vel _Anatifera_, Genus, 67, 99, 215. _crassa_, 107. _dentata_, 73. _elongata_, 374. _engonata_, 73. _hirsuta_, 203. _lævis_, 73, 77. _oceanica_, 92. _obliqua_, 264. _parasita_, 163. _quadrivalvis_, 203. _sessilis_, 81. _spinosa_, 324. _striata_, 81, 86. _substriata_, 77. _sulcata_, 86. _tricolor_, 77. _truncata_, 361. _univalvis_, 163. _villosa_, 367. _vitrea_, 92.

Anelasma, Genus, 169.

Antennæ, larval, 33. in the Lepadidæ, table of measurements, 286. of Ibla Cumingii, 191. of Lepas australis, 15. of Scalpellum vulgare, 237.

Appendages, caudal, 43. in larva, 19. filamentary, 38.

Asplanchna, male of, 292.

Attachment of Cirripedes, 33. of Scalpellum vulgare, 226. of Pollicipes polymerus, 310.

Balanidæ, affinities of, 64.

Bate, Mr. C. S., on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9-16.

Bopyrus, parasite allied to, 55.

_Branta_, 137. _aurita_, 141. _virgatum_, 146.

Brightwell, Mr., on the Asplanchna, 292.

_Brisnæus_, 332. _Rhodiopus_, 363.

Brugière, date of work of, 67.

Buoyancy, means of, in Lepas fascicularis, 95.

Burmeister, Professor, on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9, 13.

Burrowing powers of, in Lithotrya, 337.

_Calentica_, 215. _Homii_, 274.

Capitulum, general description of, 28.

_Capitulum_, Genus, 293. _mitella_, 316.

Carapace of the larva, 15.

Caudal appendages, 43. in larva, 19.

Cement-discs, in a straight row, in Scalpellum vulgare, 226. in Pollicipes polymerus, 310.

Cement-ducts, 34. in the larva, 20.

Cement-glands, incipient in larva, 24, 34.

Cement, nature of, 36.

Cement-tissue, modified as a float in Lepas fascicularis, 95.

Chitine, chemical nature of, 30.

Chthamalinæ, 2, 65.

_Cineras_, Genus, 137, 156. _bicolor_, 146. _Cranchii_, 146. _chelonophilus_, 146, 151. _megalepas_, 146. _membranacea_, 146. _Montagui_, 146. _Olfersii_, 146, 152. _Rissoanus_, 146. _vittatus_, 146.

Circulation, 46.

Cirri, general description of, 42. of young Cirripede, 22.

Cirripede, immature whilst within the larva, 20.

Cirripedes, sessile, affinities of, 64. sub-families of, 2. useful as food, 66.

_Clyptra_, 374.

Coates, Dr., on Lepas fascicularis, 96.

Conchoderma, Genus, 136. aurita, 141. Hunteri, 153. _leporinum_, 141. _virgata_, 146.

_Conchotrya_, 332. _Valentiana_, 371.

Cuming, Mr., obligations to, 181, 189. on the Cirripedes of the Philippine Archipelago, 65. on Balanus psittacus, 66.

Cup, basal calcareous, in Lithotrya, 338.

Dana, Mr. J. D., on the ovaria in certain Crustacea, 26. on the antennæ of larval Cirripedes, 15, 26.

Dichelaspis, Genus, 115. Grayii, 123. Lowei, 128. orthogonia, 130. pellucida, 125. Warwickii, 120.

Distribution, geographical, 65.

_Dosima_, 67. _fascicularis_, 92.

Dujardin, on the larvæ of Acari, 18.

Encyclopédie Method., date of, 67

Entozoons, sexes of, 201.

Epidermis of valves, 31.

Exuviation, 61, 63. of the larval eyes, 24. of the larval integuments, 20. of the membrane of peduncle in Lithotrya, 336.

Eyes, in the Lepadidæ, 49. of the larva, first stage, 10. last stage, 16, 24.

Families of Cirripedes, 2.

Farre, Dr., on the acoustic organs in Crustacea, 54.

Female organs of generation in the Lepadidæ, 56.

Filaments, 38.

Forbes, Prof. E., on the homology of the peduncle, 26.

Fræna, ovigerous, 59.

Ganglia, ophthalmic, 49.

Generation, organs of, in the Lepadidæ, 55.

Glands, supposed salivary, 57. on the ovigerous lamellæ, 60.

Goodsir, Mr., on the metamorphosis of Cirripedes, 9, 16. on the supposed male of Balanus, 55.

Gray, Mr. J. E., on the genus Dosima, 99. on the metamorphosis of Cirripedes, 9. on the inequality of the valves in Pæcilasma, 101, 103. on an unknown 7-valved Lepas, 374. on the genus Scalpellum, 216.

Growth, rate of, 63.

_Gymnolepas_, 137. _Cranchii_, 146. _Cuvierii_, 141.

Habitats, 65.

Hancock, Mr., on the burrowing of Cirripedes, 346. on the larva of Lepas, 11.

Hectocotyle, 200.

_Heptalasmis_, 115.

Hermaphroditism, peculiar kind of, 201.

Heteroura androphora, 201.

Homologies of the Cirripedia, 25-28.

Ibla, Genus, 180. Cumingii (female), 183. (male), 189. _Cuvieriana_, 203. quadrivalvis (hermaphrodite), 203. (complemental male), 207. general summary on its sexual relations, 281.

Impregnation of the females and hermaphrodites in Ibla and Scalpellum, 290.

King, Captain, on a new Scalpellum, 375.

Kölliker, on the males of Cephalopoda, 200.

Labrum, general description of, 40.

Lamellæ, ovigerous, 58.

Larvæ, general description of, 8.

Larva of Ibla quadrivalvis, 210.

Leidy, Professor, on the eyes of Cirripedes, 2, 49.

Lepas, Genus, 67. anatifera, 73. anserifera, 81, 86. australis, 89. australis, metamorphosis of, 14. _coriacea_, 146. _cornuta_, 141. _cygnea_, 92. _dilata_, 92. _dorsalis_, 351. fascicularis, 92. fascicularis, peduncle, remarkable structure of, 95. _Gallorum_, 298. Hillii, 77. _leporina_, 141. _membranacea_, 146. _mitella_, 316. _muricata_, 85. _nauta_, 81. pectinata, 85. _pollicipes_, 298. _scalpellum_, 222. _sulcata_, 86. _virgata_, 146.

Lerneidæ, males of, 200.

Leucifer, 28.

_Litholepas_, 332. _de Mont Serrat_, 351.

Lithotrya, Genus, 332. cauta, 356. dorsalis, 351. Nicobarica, 354. Rhodiopus, 363. truncata, 366. Valentiana, 371. powers of burrowing, 337.

Lovèn, Dr., on the habits of the _Alepas squalicola_, 178. on the homologies of Cirripedes, 26.

Lowe, Rev. R. T., on the fishes of Madeira and Japan, 106. on the Cirripedes of Madeira, 65.

Macgillivray, Prof., on Conchoderma, 140. on Lepas anserifera, 81.

_Malacotta_, 137. _bivalvis_, 141.

Male Cirripedes, discussion on, 281. of Ibla Cumingii, 189. ” quadrivalvis, 207. of Scalpellum ornatum, 248. Peronii, 270. rostratum, 262. villosum, 278. vulgare, 231. organs of generation in the Lepadidæ, 55.

Mandibles, general description of, 41.

Martin St. Ange, on the affinities of Cirripedes, 1. on a closed tube within the stomach, 45. on the generative organs, 55.

Maxillæ, general description of, 41.

Membrane covering valves, 30.

Metamorphoses, first stage, 9. second stage, 13. last stage, 14.

_Mitella_, Genus, 293.

Mouth, general description of, 39. of young Cirripede, 22. of the larva, first stage, 11. last stage, 17.

Muscles, 39. without striæ in Anelasma, and in embryonic Cirripedes, 172.

Nerves, general system of, 46. of Ibla Cumingii, 188.

Nomenclature of the parts of Cirripedes, 3. Rules of, 293.

_Octolasmis_, 115. _Warwickii_, 120.

OEsophagus, general description of, 44.

Orders of Cirripedes, 2.

Organs acoustic (?) general description of, 53. of the larva of Lepas, 15. female, of generation, in the Lepadidæ, 56. male, of generation, in the Lepadidæ, 55. olfactory, general description of, 52.

_Otion_, 137. _auritus_, 141. _Bellianus_, 141. _Blainvillianus_, 141. _Cuvieranus_, 141. _depressa_, 141. _Dumerillianus_, 141. _Rissoanus_, 141. _saccutifera_, 141.

Ova, 58.

Ovaria, incipient in the larva, 20, 24. in the Lepadidæ, 57.

Oviducts (supposed), 59.

Owen, Professor, on certain Entozoic Worms, 201. on the Conchoderma Hunteri, 154.

Oxynaspis, Genus, 133. celata, 134.

_Pamina_, 137. _trilineata_, 146.

Peach, Mr., obligations to, 240. on the movements of pedunculated Cirripedes, 33.

Peduncle, general description of, 31. origin and homologies of, 21.

Penis, general description of, 56. of Ibla quadrivalvis, 206.

_Pentalasmis_, vel _Pentalepas_, 67. _anseriferus_, 81. _dentatus_, 73. _dilatata_, 81. _Donovani_, 92. _fascicularis_, 92. _Hillii_, 77. _inversus_, 86. _lævis_, 73, 77. _radula_, 86. _spirulæ_, 86. _spirulicola_, 92. _sulcata_, 86.

_Pentalepas vitrea_, 92.

Poecilasma, Genus, 99. aurantia, 105. crassa, 107. eburnea, 112. fissa, 109. Kæmpferi, 102.

Pollicipes, 293. cornucopia, 298. elegans, 304. mitella, 316. _Mortoni_, 307. _obliqua_, 264. polymerus, 307. _ruber_, 304. _scalpellum_, 222. sertus, 327. _sinensis_, 375. _Smythii_, 298. spinosus, 324. _tomentosus_, 274. _villosus_, 274.

_Polylepas_, 215, 293. _mitella_, 316. _sinensis_, 375. _vulgare_, 222.

Primordial valves, 22.

Prosoma, shape of, 39.

Proteolepas, 3, 26.

Pupa, locomotive or last larval state, in Cirripedes, 18.

_Ramphidiona_, 293.

Range, geographical, 65.

Rate of growth, 63.

Reinhardt on the burrowing of Lithotrya, 346.

Reproduction, organs of, in the Lepadidæ, 55.

Rotifera, sexes of, 292.

Rules of nomenclature, 293.

Sack, description of, 31. origin of, 15, 23.

Scalpellum, genus, 215. _lævis_, 376. _læve_, 222. _Sicilice_, 222. ornatum, (female,) 244. (male,) 248. _papillosum_, 375. Peronii, 264. (male,) 270. rostratum, 259. (male,) 262. rutilum, 253. (male,) 258. villosum, 274. (male,) 278. vulgare, 222. larva of, 9. (complemental male,) 231. general summary on sexual relations, 281.

Schmidt, Dr., on chitine, 30. on the muscles in young crustacea, 172.

_Senoclita_, 137. _fasciata_, 146.

Sexes, discussion on, in Ibla and Scalpellum, 281.

Siebold, Dr. C. Von, 201.

_Smilium_, 215. _Peronii_, 264.

Spermatozoa in Scalpellum vulgare, 236.

Sprengel, Ch. K., on compositous flowers, 203.

Steenstrup, Prof., on the homology of the peduncle, 26. on the non-hermaphroditism of Cirripedes, 55.

Stomach of larva, 19. general description of, 44.

Stroem on a seven-valved Lepas, 374.

Syngamus trachealis, 201.

Testes in the Lepadidæ, 55.

_Tetralasmis_, 180. _hirsutus_, 203.

_Thaliella_, 215. _ornata_, 244.

Thompson, Mr. W., on Lepas anatifera, (var.) 74. on the exuviations of sessile Cirripedes, 63. obligations to, 240. Mr. Vaughan, on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9, 10.

_Trilasmis_, genus, 99. _eburnea_, 112.

_Triton_, genus, 156. _fasciculatus_, 163.

Upopi, or young acari, 18.

Vesiculæ seminales, 56.

Valves, general description of, 28.

Valves, chemical nature of, 30. horny, colour changed by pressure, 184. primordial, 22.

Wagner, R., on the male organs of generation, 55.

_Xiphidium_, 215.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Throughout

Ditto is often represented by ---- or . . . . or ”.

Page ix

Enclycopædia of Anatomy and Physiology

‘Enclycopædia’ changed to ‘Encyclopædia’.

Page xii

CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA.

These changes were not added, due to the general nature of most of the comments.

Page xii

Pæcilasma is used throughout (et passim) most of the text.

It should read Poecilasma.

No change from the original.

Page 27

pedunculum mutatæ et invoucrum

‘invoucrum’ changed to ‘involucrum’.

Page 57

touch the cæca were such exist

‘were’ changed to ‘where’.

Page 75

References to Mouth parts read Pl. IX, where I believe that Pl. X was meant. No change except for inserted links that refer to plate X.

Page 136

Magaz. der Gesellsch. Natuforsch.

‘Natuforsch’ may be ‘Naturforsch’.

Page 222

Bold T used to represent a dagger here.

Page 238