Part 12

1016. Battle of Ashdown, between Canute and Edmund.

1017. Danes under Canute conquer England.

1041. Danes expelled from England.

1066. England invaded by the Normans.

1066. Battle of Hastings, where Harold was slain, and William the Norman became king of England.

1074. The last Danish invasion of England, when they were bribed to depart.

1095. First Crusade--Jerusalem taken and re-taken.

1100. Jerusalem taken by Robert, duke of Normandy.

1147. Second Crusade.

1187. Jerusalem finally conquered by Saladin.

1189. Third Crusade--Siege of Acre.

1192. Battle of Ascalon, in Palestine.

1203. Fourth Crusade.

1204. Constantinople taken by the Latins.

1205. Zenghis Khan, till his death in 1227, gains various battles in Asia.

1215. Prussia subdued by the Mercian Knights.

1214. Battle of Bovines, 25 July.

1217. Battle of Lincoln, 19 May.

1218. The Fifth Crusade.

1219. Prussia revolted to Poland.

1261. Constantinople recovered by the Greeks.

1064. Battle of Lewis, 14 May.

1265. Battle of Evesham, 4 Aug.

1314. Battle of Bannockburn, 25 June.

1333. Battle of Halydown-Hill, 19 July.

1346. Battle of Cressy, 26 Aug.

Battle of Durham, when David, king of Scots, was taken prisoner, 17 Oct.

1347. Calais taken by the English, August 4.

1356. Battle of Poictiers, when the Fr. king and his son were taken prisoners, 19 Sept.

1357. John, king of France, taken prisoner by Edward the Black Prince, brought to England, and ransomed for 3,000,000 crowns, but being unable to pay this sum, he returned to England, and died in prison 1364.

1370. Timour (vulgarly called Tamerlane) appears a warrior, and conquers Asia, reigns 35 years.

1388. Battle of Otterburn, between Hotspur and earl Douglas, 31 July.

1403. Battle of Shrewsbury, 12 July.

1415. Battle of Agincourt, 25 Oct.

1421. Battle of Beauge, 3 April.

1423. Battle of Crevaut, June.

1424. Battle of Ferneuil, 27 Aug.

1429. Battle of Herrings, 12 Feb.

1453. Mahomed II. takes Constantinople, and begins the Turkish Empire in Europe, which put an end to the eastern empire.

Same year, the wars of the two Roses in England commence.

1455. Battle of St. Alban’s, 22 May.

1459. Battle of Blackheath, 23 Sept.

1460. Battle of Northampton, 10 July.

Battle of Wakefield, 24 Dec.

1461. Battle of Tourton, 29 March.

1464. Battle of Hexham, 15 May.

1469. Battle of Banbury, 26 July.

1470. Battle of Stamford, March.

1471. Battle of Barnet, 14 April.

Battle of Tewkesbury, 4 May.

1485. Battle of Bosworth, 22 Aug.

1487. Battle of Stoke, 6 June.

1494. Battle of Formonte, 6 July.

1497. Battle of Blackheath, 22 June.

1513. Battle of Flouden, 9 Sept. when James IV. king of Scots, was killed.

1515. Battle of Marignano, Francis I. gains victory, 14-15-25 Sept.

1516. Egypt conquered by the Turks.

1525. Battle of Pavia, Francis I. loses all but honor, 24 Feb.

1542. Battle of Solway, 24 Nov.

1547. Battle of Pinkey, 20 Sept.

1557. Battle of St. Quintin, 10 Aug.

1558. Calais retaken by the French, January 10.

1596. Cadiz, in Spain, taken by the English.

1632. Battle of Lutzen, Gustavus Adolphus, killed.

1641. Battle of Naseby, June.

1642. Battle of Edgehill, 24 Oct.

1643. Battle of Shatton, 16 May.

Battle of Lansdown, 5 July.

Battle of Roundawaydown, 13th July.

Battle of Newbury, 20 Sept.

1644. Indians, in New England, at war amongst themselves.

1644. Battle of Marston-moor, 2 July.

1650. Battle of Dunbar, 3 Sept.

1651. Battle of Worcester, 3 Sept.

1658. Ostend attempted to be taken by the French, but they were defeated with great loss.

1658. Dunkirk taken by the English, June 24.

1662. Battle of Steinkirk.

1675. Providence, the town of, in Rhode Island, almost destroyed by Indians.

1675. Medfield, town of, in Massachusetts, about half-burnt by the Indians, Feb.

1676. Northampton, and several other towns in Massachusetts, burnt and plundered by the Indians, March.

1679. Battle of Bothwell-bridge, 22 June.

1686. Buda taken from the Turks by the Imperialists.

1690. Battle of Staffarda, Catenat defeats the duke of Savoy.

Port Royal, in Nova Scotia, taken by the Massachusetts forces.

Battle of Boyne, Ireland, 1 July.

Casco fort, New Hampshire, taken by the French and Indians.

1691. York-town, in the province of Maine, burnt and plundered by the Indians, Jan. 25.

Battle of Aughrim, Ireland, 22d July.

1700. Port Royal, in Nova Scotia, retaken by the French.

1703. Deerfield in Massachusetts, burnt, and the inhabitants carried off by the French and Indians, as prisoners, February.

1704. Battle of Blenheim, 13 Aug.

1705. Battle of Cassano, passage of the Adda, by prince Eugene.

1706. Battle of Turin, prince Eugene defeats the French.

Battle of Ramillies, on Whitsunday.

Charleston, South Carolina, invaded by the French, who were repulsed with loss.

1708. Battle of Oudenard, 30 June.

Battle of Wynendale, 28 Sept.

1709. Battle of Malplaquet, Eugene defeats Villeroy.

Battle of Blarignies, 14 Sept.

Battle of Pultowa, Charles XII. defeated.

Canada unsuccessfully attacked by the New-Yorkers.

1710. Port Royal, in Nova Scotia, re-taken by the English, when it received the name of Annapolis.

1711. Canada attacked by the British troops and those of New England.

1712. Indian war in North Carolina.

1715. Battle of Dumblain, 12 Nov.

1717. Indians instigated by a Jesuit to make incursions upon the colony of Massachusetts.

1734. Dantzic taken by the Swedes.

1743. Dettingen, the battle of, won by the English and allies, in favour of the queen of Hungary, 26th June.

1744. Battle of Fontenoy, 30 Apr.

1745. Louisburgh taken by the Massachusetts forces, June 17.

Battle of Preston-pans, 21 Sept.

1746. Battle of Falkirk, 17 Jan.

Battle of Culloden, 16 Apr.

Madras taken from the English.

1747. Battle of Laffeldt, 20 July.

1749. Louisburg given up to the French.

1755. Fort Du Quesne, (now Pittsburgh) battle of, July 9.

1756. Oswego taken by the English.

Grenada, the island of, taken by Admiral Rodney, Feb.

Battle of Lobositz, 1 Oct.

1757. Battle of Rosbach, 5 Nov.

Battle of Reichenberg, 21 April.

Battle of Gros Jegerndorff, 30 Aug.

Battle of Breslau, 22 Nov.

Battle of Lissa, 5 Dec.

Battle of Hastenbeck, 26 July.

Battle of Kolin, 13 June.

Battle of Prague, 6 May.

1758. Fort Du Quesne (Pittsburg) taken by General Forbes.

Hanover desolated by the French.

Louisburgh re-taken, July 22.

Dresden taken by the Prussians.

Battle of Sandershausen, 23 July.

Battle of Crevelt, 23 June.

Battle of Meer, 5 Aug.

Battle of Zorndorff, 25 Aug.

Battle of Sandershagen, 10 Oct.

Battle of Munden, 11 Oct.

Battle of Hochkirken, 14 Oct.

1759. Battle of Kunersdorf, 12 Aug.

Niagara taken by the English, July 24.

Ticonderoga taken by the English.

Quebec taken by the English, September 13.

Canada taken by the English, September 13.

Arcot, Carnatic, taken by the English from the Hindoos.

Frankfort upon the Oder, the Prussians and Russians, 20,000 men on field of battle.

Dresden taken by the Imperialists.

Crown Point taken from the English.

Battle of Bergen, 13 April.

Battle of Zullichau, 23 July.

Battle of Coefeld, 1 Aug.

Battle of Minden, 1 Aug.

Battle of Torgau, 8 Sept.

Battle of Pretsch, 29 Oct.

Battle of Plains of Abraham, 13 Sept. Wolf killed.

Battle of Maxen, 20 and 21 Nov.

1760. Montreal taken by the English.

Battle of Cosdorff, 20 Feb.

Battle of Quebec, 28 April.

Battle of Grabensteyn, 4 June.

Battle of Corbach, 24 June.

Battle of Emsdorff, 9 July.

Battle of Warburg, 31 July.

Battle of Strehlen, 2 Aug.

Battle of Leignitz, 15 Aug.

Battle of Torgau, 2 Nov.

Dresden taken by the Prussians again.

Chamblee taken from the French by the British, Sept. 7.

1761. Cherokee Indians in Carolina, defeated by the Americans under Col. Grant.

Dominica taken by the English.

Battle of Langensaltz, 15 Feb.

Battle of Grümberg, 21 March.

Battle of Vellinghausen, 16 July.

Battle of Kirkdenckern, 15 July.

Battle of Einbeck, 24 Aug.

1762. Battle of Dobeln, 12 May.

Battle of Wilhelmstahl, 24 June.

Battle of Fulda, 23 July.

Battle of Friedberg, 30 Aug.

Battle of Freyberg, 10 and 29 Oct.

1773. Dantzic taken by the Prussians.

1774. Fort William and Mary, in New-Hampshire, seized by the inhabitants, who possessed themselves of a quantity of powder and military stores, Dec. 14.

1775. Cedars, fort at the, given up to the British by Major

Rutherfield, March 15.

Engagement at Concord and Lexington.

The grenadiers and light infantry of the British army at Boston, under colonel Smith, 10th foot, and Major Pitcairn, detached to destroy the magazines at Concord, 20 miles from Boston, 18-19 April.

Another detachment march under earl Percy, of 16 companies of infantry and a corps of marines, 19 April.

At Lexington, 15 miles from Boston, fell in with the continentals about five in the morning. The British fire on them and a skirmish is continued to Concord; the British are forced to retreat to Boston, driven before the Americans like sheep; the British lost 114 killed, and 127 wounded, beside 52 missing: the Americans had 62 men killed and wounded; about the third recovered of their wounds.

Ticonderoga taken by Ethan Allen, “in the name of Great Jehovah and the continental Congress,” containing 120 pieces of iron ordnance, between 6 and 24 pounders, 50 swivels, 2 ten inch mortars, 1 howitzer, 1 cohorn, 10 tons of leaden ball, 3 carts laden with flints, 30 new field carriages, a quantity of shells, 100 stand of small arms, 10 casks gun-powder, 2 pieces of brass artillery, 3 May.

Crown Point taken by the Americans, May 14.

Bunker’s-hill, the British began the attack about noon; the British lost 1440 men killed, 857 wounded; among the killed were 26 commissioned officers, and 81 among the wounded. The Americans had 452 men killed, 301 wounded and missing; among the killed was the gallant Dr. Warren, who commanded the American forces. The American fire was conducted with great judgment; and the British were blockaded in Boston, 17 June.

Charlestown, Massachusetts, burnt by the British, June 17.

Stonington, Connecticut, set on fire by the British, Sept. 3.

Canada invaded by the American forces, October.

Chamblee taken by the Americans commanded by Col. Brown and Major Livingston, October 18.

Falmouth, New England, destroyed by the British forces, October 18.

Chamblee fort, in Canada, attacked by the Americans, Oct. 20.

Chamblee taken by Montgomery, 124 barrels gun-powder, 6564 musket cartridges, 150 stand French made arms, 3 mortars, 61 shells, 83 stand English arms; and other valuable military and naval stores, 3 Nov.

Montreal taken by the Americans, Nov. 12.

St. John’s taken by Montgomery, 17 brass ordnance, 2 eight inch howitzers, 22 iron ordnance, shot, shells, powder, 800 stand small arms, and naval stores, 13 Nov.

Storm of Quebec, Montgomery falls, Arnold wounded, the Americans obliged to retreat, but encamp on the Plains of Abraham, 31 Dec.

Great Bridge in Virginia, battle of, in which the British were defeated, Dec.

1776. Norfolk, in Virginia, burnt by order of Lord Dunmore the British governor, and great damage sustained, Jan. 1.

Chamblee fort retaken by the British, Jan 18.

Highlanders, and regulators of N. Carolina, defeated with great loss near Moore’s Creek bridge, by Gen. Moore, Feb. 27.

Dorchester Point fortified in the night, so as to render Boston no longer tenable by the British, March 4.

Boston evacuated precipitately, the British leaving behind their arms, military stores and provisions; sir Archibald Campbell, with 1700 men, enters the harbor, and are made prisoners by general Washington, 18 March.

Crown Point re-taken by the British.

British attack on the Cedars, Arnold capitulates; Americans treated with barbarity; congress annuls the capitulation in consequence, 26 May.

British tories defeated at Moore’s creek, in North Carolina, by colonel Caswell, and the tory leader Macleod killed.

Portsmouth, Virginia, destroyed by the British, June 1.

General sir H. Clinton attacks Sullivan’s island, in concert with Sir P. Parker, and is defeated by general Lee, 15 June.

Montreal retaken by the British, June 15.

Charleston, S. C. attacked by a squadron of ships under Sir Peter Parker, and a body of troops under Generals Clinton and Cornwallis, who were defeated with great slaughter, June 25.

Battle of Long Island, or Flat bush; the American lines attacked by sir William Howe, with 20,000 men, and the American army suffers great loss from an injudicious disposition of the forces; the retreat however was conducted with admirable skill, in thirteen hours 9000 men with artillery, and all their equipage, crossed an arm of the sea a mile wide, in the face of a superior and victorious army. In this action the Americans had 2000 men killed and wounded, and 1000 taken prisoners. 26 Aug.

Fort on Sullivan’s Island, unsuccessfully attacked by the British, June 28.

New-York surrendered to the British forces, Sept. 15.

General Arnold opposes the force sent by Carleton from Canada against Ticonderoga, but is defeated on Lake Champlain; he makes an admirable retreat to Crown point, 11 Oct.

Battle of White Plains; generals Knyphausen, Cornwallis, and Percy, commanded columns; Howe commander in chief of the British, with 15,000 effectives; general Washington commander in chief of the American army, consisting of 5000 regulars, and 11,000 militia; the British attack the American entrenchments but are defeated, 28 Oct.

Fort Washington, near King’s Bridge, taken by the British, with a loss of 1000 men! 15 Nov.

Fort Lee, near New-York, taken by the British, Nov. 18.

Newport, R. Island, taken by the British, Dec. 7.

General Washington surprises the Hessians at Trenton; general William Irvine commanding the advance; general Cadwallader, the second column, and general Washington the principal division, general Greene and general Sullivan formed his suite; the enemy and their artillery were captured, 26 Dec.

Strength of British and American armies in 1776. British. Americans. Aug. 24000 16000 Nov. 26900 4500 Dec. 27000 3300

1777. Princetown, battle of, when the Americans under General Washington, defeated the British with great loss, Jan. 2.

Providence, the island of, taken by Commodore Hopkins, March.

Danbury, town of, in Connecticut, burnt by the British, and large quantities of continental stores destroyed, April 26. Ticonderoga taken by the British, 5 July.

Action at Hubberton, the British general Frazer attacks the retreating Americans under colonel Francis, and defeats them, 6 July.

Fairfield, in Connecticut, burnt by the British, July 7.

Bennington battle, 16 Aug.

General Stark defeats the Hessian general Baum, and colonel Breyman, on Walloon Creek, 16 Aug.

Fort Stanwix, alias Fort Schuyler, the siege of, raised by Sir

John Johnson and Lieut. Col. St. Leger, Aug. 22.

Eutaw Springs, the battle of, in which General Green defeats the British, Sept. 8.

Battle of Brandywine; the dispositions of the British were masterly in this action; the American army discomfitted and make a precipitate but circuitous retreat, 11 Sept.

Massacre at the Paoli, by sir Charles Grey, 20 Sept.

Philadelphia taken by the British under General Howe, Sept. 26.

Battle of Germantown; 800 English, 900 Americans killed and wounded; the British lost general Agnew and colonel Bird; the Americans, colonel Haslet, of Delaware state, a gallant officer, 4 Oct.

Battle of Stillwater, about 600 men killed on each side; no victory; the action as intrepid as any known for the numbers; Burgoyne retreats and entrenches himself at Saratoga, 17 September.

British entrenchments near Lake George attacked by general Gates, and the British completely beaten; the British general Frazer, and the Hessian colonel Breyman killed; Arnold who commanded on the right, was wounded in the tendon Achilles; Gates took 200 prisoners and 9 brass field pieces. Burgoyne makes a precipitate retreat to Saratoga, where he capitulates on the 17th of October, surrendering 5790 men, and 35 pieces of field artillery, &c. 17 Oct.

Esopus, in New-York, was totally destroyed by the British, with great quantities of stores, October 15.

Kingston, in Ulster county, New-York, burnt by the British, October 15.

Action at Red Bank, the Hessian general Donop killed, and the British attack frustrated, and the ship of war Augusta blown up, 22 Oct.

Forts Montgomery and Clinton taken by the British, October.

Martha’s Island, pillaged by the British, who carried off 300 oxen, and 2000 sheep.

Attack of Mud Fort, (now Fort Mifflin) by Cornwallis; gallantly defended by Col. Samuel Smith, 15 Nov.

Strength of British and American armies in 1777. British. Americans. March, 27000 4500 June, 30000 8000

1778. Battle of Savannah, 15 Jan.

Battle of Monmouth, the British retreat by forced marches to New York, 28 June.

Wyoming, out of 417 Americans stationed there, 360 were inhumanly butchered by a party of Tories and Indians, commanded by Col. John Butler, July 1.

Dominica taken by the French under the Marquis de Bouille, when 164 pieces of cannon and 24 brass mortars were found therein, Sept. 7.

Attack of Savannah, 28 Dec.

1779. Sunbury taken by Gen. Provost, Jan. 9.

Briars creek, American general Ashe defeated, 3 March.

Portsmouth, in Virginia, invaded again by the British, under Sir George Collier and General Matthews, who burnt vast quantities of property there, May 10.

Stoney Point and Verplanks taken by the British under general Vaughan, 30 May.

Stonoferry, in Carolina, the battle of, June 20.

Grenada taken by the French, July 6.

Norwalk, in Connecticut, burnt by the British, July 7.

General Wayne storms and takes Stony Point, 16 July.

Pawlus-hook taken by the Americans under General Lee, when 30 of the British were killed, and 160 made prisoners, July 19.

A conflagrating war carried into Connecticut, by governor Tryon and general Garth, New Haven taken; Fairfield, Norwalk, and Greenfield burnt to the ground, July.

Newhaven, town of, ravaged by the British, July.

General Lincoln attacks the British under colonel Maitland, 27 June.

Attack of the British lines at Savannah, by Lincoln and D’Estaign, who are repulsed and raise the siege, 9 Oct.

Fort of Omoa, key to the Bay of Honduras, taken by the British from the Spaniards, Oct. 20.

1780. Fort on Sullivan’s Island taken by the British, May 6.

Wachaws, North Carolina, where Colonel Tarleton surprised 300 Americans, of whom he killed by far the greatest number, May.

Charleston, South Carolina, taken by the British, after a siege of several weeks, by Gen. Clinton, 12 May.

Elizabethtown, New-Jersey, taken by the British, June 7.

Springfield attacked and burnt by the British from New York; the British severely handled and forced to retire, 23 June.

General Sumpter, after three repulses storms and takes the British post at Rocky Mount, on the Catawba river; but abandons it and attacks the post at Hanging Rock, 30 July.

Battle of Camden, Gates against Cornwallis, both armies set out at midnight, and their advanced guards began the action at 2 o’clock in the morning, 16 Aug.

Tarleton attacks Sumpter on the Wateree, a skirmish without any other effect than the display of enterprise and intrepidity on both sides, 18 Aug.

Augusta, Georgia, attacked by American general Clark, without success, 14 Sept.

Tarleton attacks Sumpter at Black Rock, on the Tyger river, and is defeated; both commanders severely wounded, Oct.

Battle of King’s Mountain, in which a party of American mounted riflemen collected from Kentucky, Georgia, and the Carolinas, attack and kill the tory leader Ferguson, and take 800 of his party prisoners, 7 Oct.

Clermont, S. C. taken by Colonel Washington, Dec. 4.

1781. Richmond, in Virginia, destroyed by the British under General Arnold, Jan. 5.

Hillsborough, in Carolina, the royal standard erected there by Lord Cornwallis, Feb. 20.

Colonel Henry Lee, with his legion, attacks a body of tories upon the Haw river, within a mile of Tarleton’s encampment, and cuts them to pieces, 25 Feb.

Battle of Guilford court house; general Greene commanded the Americans; general Cornwallis the British; a hard fought battle, the Americans defeated, but the victory was fatal to the victors, 15 March.

Fort Watson, South Carolina, taken by the Americans, April 15. Camden, battle at, in South Carolina, between General Green and Lord Rawdon, when the Americans retreated, April 25.

Petersburgh, in Virginia, the shipping and stores destroyed at, by Phillips and Arnold, April 26.

Fort Motte, in South Carolina, taken by the Americans, May 12. Camden, S. C. burnt by the British, May 13.

Fort Granby, in South Carolina, taken by the Americans, May 15.

Fort Cornwallis, at Augusta, taken by the Americans under Gen. Marion and Col. Lee, June 5.

Augusta, Georgia, taken by Col. Pickens and Lee, 5 June.

Battle of the Cowpens, general Morgan defeats Tarleton, whose whole force is cut to pieces; the British had 600 men killed on the field; the Americans 12 killed and 60 wounded, 7 June.

Battle of Ninety-six. 19 June.

Grotton, in Connecticut, burnt by Gen. Arnold, Sept. 6.

Battle or Hobkirks hill, general Greene and lord Rawdon, 8 Sept.

Eutaw Springs, the British under general Stewart, defeated by general Greene; the standard of the 3d British regiment, or old Bulfs, taken by the Americans; the American colonel Washington wounded and taken by the British, 8 Sept.

New London, Connecticut, burnt by Benedict Arnold, Sept. 13. Battles of Porto Novo and Mooteapollam, E. Indies.

1782. Floating batteries, the, destroyed before Gibraltar, Sept. 13.

Surrender of Yorktown, by Cornwallis, with his whole army, consisting of 7000 men, to the united armies of America and France, under the command of general Washington, which closed the battles of the American revolution, 17 Oct.

Mohawk river, battle at, when Colonel Willet defeated the British, Oct. 24.

1790. The Miami Indians defeat General Harmar with great loss, September 30.

1791. The Indians defeat Gen. St. Clair with great loss, Nov. 4.

Bangalore, battle of, Cornwallis captures the place.

1792. Ostend taken possession of by the French under Dumourier, Dec.

Nice taken by the French under General Anselm, Sept. 29.

Savoy, part of the king of Sardinia’s dominions, taken by the French under General Montesquieu, Oct.

Battle of Jemappe, Dumourier, French 40,000, Clairfayt, Austrians 28,000, Nov. 5.