A Manual of Elementary Geology or, The Ancient Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants as Illustrated by Geological Monuments

CHAPTER XXIV.

Chapter 2761 wordsPublic domain

THE COAL OR CARBONIFEROUS GROUP.

Carboniferous strata in the south-west of England--Superposition of Coal-measures to Mountain limestone--Departure from this type in north of England and Scotland--Section in South Wales--Underclays with Stigmaria--Carboniferous Flora--Ferns, Lepidodendra, Calamites, Asterophyllites, Sigillariae, Stigmariae,--Coniferae--Endogens--Absence of Exogens--Coal, how formed--Erect fossil trees--Parkfield Colliery--St. Etienne, Coal-field--Oblique trees or snags--Fossil forests in Nova Scotia--Brackish water and marine strata--Origin of Clay-iron-stone 308