Part 58

#Caesarem arbitrārī profectum in Ītaliam; neque aliter Carnūtēs interficiundī Tasgetiī cōnsilium fuisse captūrōs, neque Eburōnēs, sī ille adesset, ad castra ventūrōs esse#, 5, 29, 2, _that he thought Caesar was gone into Italy; otherwise, the Carnutes would not have formed their design of killing Tasgetius, and the Eburones, if he were at hand, would not be assaulting the camp_. Here the context shows that #ventūrōs esse# represents the imperfect subjunctive. But ordinarily it might seem to represent the future indicative. Hence, to avoid ambiguity, the Romans generally did not try to express present time in apodoses of this class in indirect discourse.

2332. The perfect infinitive is exceptionally used; this is based upon the indicative in apodosis (2104).

#memoriā teneō solitum ipsum nārrāre sē studium philosophiae ācrius hausisse, nī prūdentia mātris incēnsum animum coërcuisset#, Ta. _Agr._ 4, _I remember that he used to say that he had drunk in the study of philosophy with too great eagerness, had not his discreet mother checked his ardent soul_ (2105 or 2107).

2333. #possum#, in the apodosis of a conditional period of action non-occurrent (2101), is regularly put in the perfect infinitive in indirect discourse: as,

#Platōnem exīstimō, sī genus forēnse dīcendī trāctāre voluisset, gravissimē potuisse dīcere#, _Off._ 1, 4, _I think that if Plato had only chosen to cultivate forensic eloquence, he might have been a most impressive speaker_ (2103). #cum dīcerent sē potuisse in amplissimum locum pervenīre, sī sua studia ad honōrēs petendōs cōnferre voluissent#, _Clu._ 153, _saying they might have risen to the proudest position, if they had only chosen to apply their energies to a political career_ (2103).

2334. #futūrum fuisse ut# with the imperfect subjunctive is rarely used in apodoses of the passive voice (2331): as,

#Theophrastus accūsāsse nātūram dīcitur quod hominibus tam exiguam vītam dedisset: quōrum sī aetās potuisset esse longinquior, futūrum fuisse ut omnī doctrīnā hominum vīta ērudīrētur#, _TD._ 3, 69, _it is said that Theophrastus took nature to task ‘for giving man such a short life; if the period could have been longer man’s life would have been informed with knowledge of every sort’_ (2099). See also Caes. _C._ 3, 101, 2.

[Erratum: 2331 ... Aegyptiōrum trucīdātum īrī Aēgyptiōrum]

(C.) PRONOUNS.

THE PERSONAL PRONOUN.

2335. For the use of the nominatives #ego# #tū#, #nōs# #vōs#, see 1029. The genitive plurals #nostrū̆m# and #vestrū̆m# are used as partitive, #nostrī# and #vestrī# as objective genitives: as,

#nēmō nostrūm#, _RA._ 55, _not one of us_ (1242). #ab utrīsque vestrūm#, _Fam._ 11, 21, 5, _by each of you_ (1243). #grāta mihī̆ vehementer est memoria nostrī tua#, _Fam._ 12, 17, 1, _your remembrance of me is exceedingly agreeable to me_ (1260). #nostrī nōsmet paenitet#, T. _Ph._ 172, _we’re discontented with our lot_ (1283). For the adjective instead of the possessive or objective genitive, see 1234, 1262.

[Erratum: 2335. . missing]

THE REFLEXIVE #sē# AND #suus#.

2336. The reflexive regularly refers to the subject of the verb: as,

#fugae sēsē mandābant#, 2, 24, 2, _they betook themselves to flight_. #animō servit, nōn sibī#, Pl. _Tri._ 308, _he serves his passions, not his better self_. #est amāns suī virtūs#, _L._ 98, _virtue is fond of itself_. #dūcit sēcum ūnā virginem#, T. _Eu._ 229, _he is leading a girl along with him_. #Caesar cōpiās suās dīvīsit#, Caes. _C._ 3, 97, 3, _Caesar divided his forces_. For #sē ipse#, see 2376; for #sē# or #suus quisque#, 2397.

2337. The reflexive sometimes refers to a word not the subject, when that word is specially emphasized or easily made out from the context. This holds chiefly of #suus#, which is used with great freedom: as,

#Alexandrum uxor sua occīdit#, _Inv._ 2, 144, _Alexander was murdered by his own wife_. #dēsinant īnsidiārī domī suae cōnsulī#, _C._ 1, 32, _let them cease to waylay the consul in his own house and home_. #suās rēs Syrācūsānīs restituit#, L. 29, 1, 17, _he restored their property to the Syracuse people_.

2338. In the construction of the accusative with the infinitive (2175), the reflexive is regularly used when the subject of the infinitive refers to the subject of the verb: as,

#Vārus imperium sē habēre dīxit#, _Lig._ 22, _Varus said that he had authority_. #id sēsē effectūrōs spērābant#, 7, 26, 2, _they hoped to accomplish it_ (2235).

2339. The reflexive, in this construction, sometimes refers to an emphasized word not the formal subject of the verb: as,

#canum custōdia quid sīgnificat aliud nisi sē ad hominum commoditātēs esse generātōs?# _DN._ 2, 158, _the watchfulness of the dog--does not it show that he was created for the convenience of man?_

2340. When the subject of the infinitive is different from that of the verb, the reflexive sometimes refers to the subject of the verb, sometimes to that of the infinitive: as,

#Ariovistus respondit omnēs Galliae cīvitātēs ad sē oppugnandum vēnisse#, 1, 44, 1, _Ariovistus answered that all the states of Gaul had come to attack him_, i.e. Ariovistus. #nēminem sēcum sine suā perniciē contendisse#, 1, 36, 6, _that no man had contended with him without his own undoing_; #sēcum# refers to Ariovistus, the subject of the main verb #respondit#, #suā# to #nēminem#.

2341. In subordinate subjunctive clauses of purpose, indirect discourse, or indirect question, the reflexive refers to the subject of the main sentence: as,

#huic mandat, ut ad sē quam prīmum revertātur#, 4, 21, 2, _he instructs him to come back to himself as soon as possible_. #excruciābit mē erus, quia sibī nōn dīxerim#, Pl. _MG._ 859, _my master’ll torture me ‘because I have not told him.’_ #Paetus omnīs librōs, quōs frāter suus relīquisset, mihī̆ dōnāvit#, _Att._ 2, 1, 12, _Paetus made me a present of all the books ‘that his brother left.’_ For the use of #is# for #sē#, see 2370.

2342. The reflexive, in such subordinate clauses, sometimes refers to an emphatic word not the main subject: as,

#identidem fēlīcem Priamum vocābat, quod superstes omnium suōrum exstitisset#, Suet. _Tib._ 62, _he was for ever calling Priam ‘Fortune’s darling, because he outlived all his kith and kin.’_

2343. The reflexive referring to the main subject is sometimes irregularly used in subordinate indicative clauses.

#Epamīnōndās ē̆ī, quī sibī̆ successerat, exercitum nōn trādidit#, _Inv._ 1, 55, _Epaminondas did not deliver the army to his successor_. #centum bovēs mīlitibus dōnō dedit, quī sēcum fuerant#, L. 7, 37, 3, _he gave a hundred oxen to the soldiers who had been with him_.

EQUIVALENTS FOR A RECIPROCAL PRONOUN.

2344. The place of a reciprocal pronoun, _each other_, is supplied by #inter nōs#, #inter vōs#, #inter sē#, or by #alter# or #alius# followed by another case of the same word: as,

#inter nōs nātūrā cōniūnctī sumus#, _Fin._ 3, 66, _we are united with each other by nature_. #Cicerōnēs puerī amant inter sē#, _Att._ 6, 1, 12, _the Cicero boys are fond of each other_. #cum alius aliī subsidium ferret#, 2, 26, 2, _when they were helping each other_. For #uterque#, see 2400. The reciprocal idea is sometimes expressed by the form of the verb: as, #fulvā lūctantur harēnā#, V. 6, 643, _they wrestle with each other on the yellow sand_ (1487).

2345. From Livy on, #invicem inter sē#, #invicem sē#, or #invicem# alone, is often used in the expression of reciprocal relations: as,

#invicem inter sē grātantēs#, L. 9, 43, 17, _mutually congratulating each other_. #invicem sē antepōnendō#, Ta. _Agr._ 6, _mutually preferring one another_. #ut invicem ardentius dīligāmus#, Plin. _Ep._ 7, 20, 7, _that we may love each other more ardently_.

THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN.

2346. The possessive of the personal and reflexive pronoun is regularly omitted, unless it is required for emphasis or contrast: as,

#ōra manūsque tuā lavimus, Fērōnia, lymphā#, H. S. 1, 5, 24, _our hands and faces in thy rill, Feronia, we bathe_. The possessive sometimes has the meaning of _proper_, _appropriate_, _favourable_; as, #suō locō dīcam#, Quintil. 1, 1, 36, _I shall tell in the proper place_. For the possessive pronoun used instead of the possessive or objective genitive, see 1234, 1262.

THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN.

#hīc.#

2347. #hīc# points out what is near the speaker in place, time, or thought: as,

#hī domum mē ad sē auferent#, Pl. _Men._ 847, _these fellows will hale me off to their house_. #nōn mē exīstimāvī in hōc sermōne usque ad hanc aetātem esse ventūrum#, _Br._ 232, _I did not think that in this discourse I should get down to the present generation_. #reliquum omne tempus huius annī#, _V._ 1, 30, _all the rest of this year_.

2348. #hīc# sometimes points out the speaker with pathos, or with emphasis, particularly in comedy.

#haec arma et hunc mīlitem propitiō flūmine accipiās#, L. 2, 10, 11, _receive these arms and this soldier in thy gracious stream_, the prayer of Horatius Cocles to Father Tiber. #tibī̆ erunt parāta verba, huic hominī verbera#, T. _Hau._ 356, _you’ll get a chiding, this child a hiding_. #fēcisset nī haec praesēnsisset canēs#, Pl. _Tri._ 172, _and he’d have done it, unless this dog had got scent of it in time_, where the speaker means himself.

2349. The neuter plural #haec# sometimes means _the realm_, _our country_, _our state_, _the [Roman] world_: as,

#haec, quae iam prīdem vastāre studēs#, _C._ 1, 21, _the realm which you have long sought to lay in ruins_. #quī haec dēlēre cōnātī sunt#, _C._ 4, 7, _who have tried to destroy the state_. #servus est nēmō quī nōn haec stāre cupiat#, _C._ 4, 16, _there lives no slave that wills not our country should abide_.

2350. #hīc#, as expressing a familiar, every-day thing, occasionally has a shade of contempt, either alone, or with #volgāris#, #cottīdiānus# or the like: as,

#mittit hominī mūnera satis largē, haec ad ūsum domesticum#, _V._ 4, 62, _he sent him some presents--pretty liberal ones, commonish things for household use_. #mittō hāsce artīs volgārīs, coquōs, pistōrēs#, _RA._ 134, _I’ll skip your everyday common occupations--such as cooks, bakers, &c., &c._ #taedet cottīdiānārum hārum fōrmārum#, T. _Eu._ 297, _I’m sick of your everyday beauties_.

2351. When #hīc# relates to the words of a sentence, it points out what has preceded or is to follow, or emphasizes a word referred to by a preceding relative.

For #hīc# used to introduce a new sentence, see 2129.

#haec habuī dē senectūte quae dīcerem#, _CM._ 85, _this was what I had to say on Old Age_. #sed haec hāctenus; nunc ad ostenta veniāmus#, _Div._ 2, 53, _so much for this; let us now go on to portents_. #fēcit pācem hīs condiciōnibus#, N. 8, 3, 1, _he made peace on the following terms_. #dīcitur locūtus in hanc ferē sententiam esse#, L. 6, 40, 2, _it is said that he spoke to somewhat the following effect_. #quaesierat ex mē Scīpiō quidnam sentīrem dē hōc quod duo sōlēs vīsōs esse cōnstāret#, _RP._ 1, 19, _Scipio had asked me what I thought about this, that it was generally agreed that two suns had been seen_.

2352. #hīc# and #ille# are often opposed, particularly in contrasts of classes: as,

#laudātur ab hīs, culpātur ab illīs#, H. _S._ 1, 2, 11, _one side praises him, the other condemns_. #illud est album, hoc dulce, canōrum illud, hoc bene olēns, hoc asperum#, _Ac._ 2, 21, _that is white, this is sweet, that sonorous, this fragrant, this rough_. #ōrātor, nōn ille volgāris sed hīc excellēns#, _O._ 45, _an orator, not of the common sort, but the superior one of whom we are speaking_.

2353. In transitions, #ille# introduces a new thing, #hīc# denotes _the aforementioned_: as,

#sed haec vetera; illud vērō recēns, Caesarem meō cōnsiliō interfectum#, _Ph._ 2, 25, _but this is all ancient history; here, however, is something new, that Caesar was killed at my suggestion_.

2354. When #hīc# and #ille# refer to two different persons or things named in the sentence, #hīc# commonly refers to the nearer word, #ille# to the remoter word; or #hīc# sometimes refers to what is nearer the mind of the speaker, even though it be remoter in the sentence.

(_a._) #Caesar beneficiīs ac mūnificentiā magnus habēbātur, integritāte vītae Catō. Ille mānsuētūdine et misericordiā clārus factus, huic sevēritās dignitātem addiderat#, S. _C._ 54, 2, _Caesar was esteemed great for his liberality and generosity, Cato for his unsullied life. The former became famous through his humanity and mercy, the latter’s dignity was heightened by his austerity._ (_b._) #cavē Catōnī antepōnās nē istum quidem ipsum quem Apollō, ut ais, sapientissimum iūdicāvit: huius enim facta, illīus dicta laudantur#, _L._ 10, _suffer not Cato to find a rival even in your man himself, whom, as you say, Apollo declared wisest of mankind; for our Cato is renowned for deeds, the other for doctrines_.

2355. #hīc# and #ille# are used together, chiefly in poetry, to explain something past by a present thing: as,

#hunc illum poscere fāta reor#, V. 7, 272, _this I think is he whom the fates require_. #hunc illum fātīs externā ab sēde profectum portendī generum#, V. 7, 255, _this was the man whom destiny foretold should fare from foreign home to be his son-in-law_.

#iste.#

2356. #iste# points out something near to, belonging to, or imputed to the person addressed: as,

#cum istā sīs auctōritāte, nōn dēbēs adripere maledictum ex triviō#, _Mur._ 13, _carrying the influence that you do, you ought not to take to street-corner abuse_. #multae istārum arborum meā manū sunt satae#, _CM._ 59, _many of the trees you see there were planted by my own hand_. #salem istum quō caret vestra nātiō, inrīdendīs nōbīs nōlītōte cōnsūmere#, _ND._ 2, 74, _do not waste in ridiculing us that wit which your fraternity sadly needs_. Often with #tuus# or #vester#: as, #īsdem hīc sapiēns dē quō loquor oculīs quibus iste vester intuēbitur#, _Ac._ 2, 105, _the sage of whom I speak will look with the same eyes as the sage you boast of_.

2357. From its use in addressing opponents or in talking at them, #iste# is common in contemptuous phrases: as,

#tū istīs faucibus, istīs lateribus, istā gladiātōriā tōtīus corporis firmitāte#, _Ph._ 2, 63, _you with that gullet of yours, those swollen flanks, that prizefighter’s bulky make-up_. #nōn erit ista amīcitia, sed mercātūra quaedam#, _ND._ 1, 122, _such a thing will not be a friendship, but a sort of traffic_.

#ille.#

2358. #ille# points to what is remote in place, time, or thought: as,

#ergō illī intellegunt quid Epicūrus dīcat, ego nōn intellegō?# _Fin._ 2, 13, _do those gentlemen then understand what Epicurus means and I not?_ #populus Rōmānus nihil aequē atque illam veterem iūdiciōrum vim gravitātemque requīrit#, _Caecil._ 8, _the Roman people miss nothing so much as the ancient vigour and firmness attaching to public trials_. #hīs autem dē rēbus sōl mē ille admonuit ut brevior essem#, _DO._ 3, 209, _but on these topics yonder sun has warned me to be pretty brief_. For other examples, see 2352-2355.

2359. #ille# is used to point out a celebrity, often one of the past. So, particularly without a proper name, in allusive style, referring to what is famed in story.

(_a._) #hīc est ille Dēmosthenēs#, _TD._ 5, 103, _this is the famous Demosthenes_. #Athēniēnsis ille Themistoclēs#, _DO._ 2, 299, _Themistocles the great, of Athens_. #illud Solōnis#, _CM._ 50, _Solon’s memorable words_. #Mēdēa illa#, _IP._ 22, _Medea famed in story_. (_b._) #vīribus ille cōnfīsus periīt#, J. 10, 10, _the man in the story lost his life through confidence in his strength_. #illae rēgiae lacrimae#, Plin. _Ep._ 3, 7, 13, _the monarch’s historic tears_, of Xerxes.

2360. Indicating change of subject, #ille# is _this other man_. In such cases it is often best expressed in English by a proper name or a descriptive word.

#ad sē adulēscentem iussit venīre. at ille, ut ingressus est, cōnfestim gladium dēstrīnxit#, _Off._ 3, 112, _he gave orders to admit the young man. But this other, the moment he entered, drew his sword._ #rūsticus expectat dum dēfluat amnis: at ille lābitur et lābētur#, H. _E._ 1, 2, 42, _he is a peasant waiting for the river to go down: but the river flows and will flow on_.

2361. In concessions, #ille# often precedes #quidem#; in translation no pronoun is required.

#librī scrīptī incōnsīderātē ab optimīs illīs quidem virīs, sed nōn satis ērudītīs#, _TD._ 1, 6, _books rashly written by men respectable enough but of insufficient education_. #est tarda illa medicīna, sed tamen magna#, _TD._ 3, 35, _it is a powerful remedy, though slow in its working_. #hīc#, #is#, and #iste# are used rarely in this way.

2362. In poetry #ille# may serve: (1.) To repeat a thing with emphasis: as,

#arma virumque canō Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam vēnit, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō#, V. 1, 1, _arms and the man I sing, from Troja’s shore the first to come to Italy, much tossed that man by land and sea_.

2363. (2.) To emphasize the second of two ideas: as,

#nunc dextrā ingemināns ictūs, nunc ille sinistrā#, V. 5, 457, _now with his right redoubling blows, now mighty with his left_. #nōn tamen Euryalī, non ille oblītus amōrum#, V. 5, 334, _still not Euryalus forgetting, no, not he his love!_

2364. (3.) As a provisional subject, to anticipate the real subject, and keep the attention in suspense till the real subject comes with emphasis: as,

#ac velut ille canum morsū dē montibus altīs āctus aper substitit#, V. 10, 707, _and e’en as he, goaded by bite of hounds from mountains high, the boar hath paused_.

THE DETERMINATIVE PRONOUN.

#is.#

2365. #is# refers to something named in the context. When some feeling is to be expressed, such as admiration, or oftener contempt, #homō# is often put for #is#.

(_a._) #petit ā rēge et eum plūribus verbīs rogat ut id ad sē mittat#, _V._ 4, 64, _he solicits the king and begs him at considerable length to send it to him_. #nōndum mātūrus imperiō Ascanius erat, tamen id imperium ĕ̄ī ad pūberem aetātem incolume mānsit#, L. 1, 3, 1, _Ascanius was not yet old enough for the throne, but that throne was kept safe for him till he came of age_. (_b._) #ego hominem callidiōrem vīdī nēminem quam Phormiōnem. veniō ad hominem, ut dīcerem argentum opus esse#, T. _Ph._ 591, _a shrewder man than Phormio I never saw, not I! I went to him to tell him that I needed money_. #nēquam esse hominem et levem sciēbam#, _Sest._ 22, _I knew the fellow was worthless and frivolous_.

2366. (1.) #is# refers to something named before or after: as,

#eius omnis ōrātiō versāta est in eō, ut scrīptum plūrimum valēre oportēre dēfenderet#, _DO._ 1, 244, _his whole speech turned on the contention that the written word should be paramount_. #Melitēnsis Diodōrus est; is Lilybaeī multōs iam annōs habitat#, _V._ 4, 38, _Diodorus is from Melita; he has lived many years at Lilybaeum_. For other examples of is used to connect sentences, see 2129.

2367. With a connective, #is# denotes an important addition: as,

#vincula et ea sempiterna#, _C._ 4, 7, _imprisonment and that too perpetual_. #annum iam audientem Cratippum idque Athēnīs#, _Off._ 1, 1, _after a year’s study under Cratippus, and that too in Athens_. #erant in eō plūrimae litterae nec eae volgārēs#, _Br._ 265, _he was a man of very deep reading and that of no common sort either_.

2368. (2.) #is# indicates something explained or restricted by a relative or indefinite, #quī#, #quīcumque#, #sī quis#: as,

#haec omnia is fēcī, quī sodālis Dolābellae eram#, _Fam._ 12, 14, 7, _all this I did, I that was Dolabella’s bosom friend_ (1807). #ūnus ex eō numerō quī ad caedem parātī erant#, S. _I._ 35, 6, _one of the number that were ready to do murder_ (1804). #neque is sum quī mortis perīculō terrear#, 5, 30, 2, _but I am not the man to be scared by danger of death, no, not I_ (1818). #quīcumque is est, ē̆ī mē profiteor inimīcum#, _Fam._ 10, 31, 3, _whoever he may be, I proclaim myself his enemy_ (1814). #cum ipse Aliēnus ex eā facultāte, sī quam habet, aliquantum dētrāctūrus sit#, _Caecil._ 49, _seeing that even Alienus is to suppress some part of that eloquence, if any he may have_. See also 1795, 1798. For #id quod#, see 1811.

2369. For the use of #is# instead of a relative repeated in a different case, see 1833.

2370. #is# sometimes is loosely used for the reflexive #sē# (2341); here the point of view of the writer shows itself.

#Mīlēsiōs nāvem poposcit, quae eum Myndum prōsequerētur#, _V._ 1, 86, _he asked the Milesians for a ship to escort him to Myndus_. #suōs omnēs castrīs continuit ignēsque fierī prohibuit, quō occultior esset eius adventus#, Caes. _C._ 3, 30, 5, _he confined his troops to camp and forbade the kindling of fires, in order to keep his coming a greater secret_.

THE PRONOUN OF IDENTITY.

#īdem.#

2371. #īdem#, _the same_, often connects two different predicates to the same person or thing. In this case, it may be variously rendered by _likewise_, _also_, _all the same_, _on the other hand_, _at once_, _very_, _nevertheless_.

#ūtēbātur eō cibō quī et suāvissimus esset et īdem facillimus ad concoquendum#, _Fin._ 2, 64, _he made use of such food as was both very dainty and likewise very easy to digest_. #ita fīet ut nōn omnēs quī Atticē, eīdem bene dīcant#, _Br._ 291, _so it will be found that not all who speak Attic are also good speakers_. #multī quī ut iūs suum et lībertātem tenērent volnera excēpērunt fortiter et tulērunt, īdem omissā contentiōne dolōrem morbī ferre nōn possunt#, _TD._ 2, 65, _many who have met heroically and endured wounds, to preserve their rights and their freedom, are nevertheless, when no contest is involved, unable to bear the pain of a disease_.

2372. #īdem# is often used with other pronouns, #hīc#, #iste#, #istūc#, #ille#: as,

#haec eadem centuriōnibus mandābant#, 7, 17, 8, _they confided these same sentiments to their centurions_. #multae aliae idem istuc cupiunt#, Pl. _MG._ 1040, _many other ladies want just what you want_.

2373. _The same as_ is expressed by #īdem# followed by #quī#, #atque# or #ac#, #ut#, #quasi#, #cum#, sometimes in poetry by the dative.

#īdem sum quī semper fuī#, Pl. _Am._ 447, _I’m the same man I’ve always been_. #pōmārium sēminārium ad eundem modum atque oleāgineum facitō#, Cato, _RR._ 48, _make your fruit-tree nursery in the same way as your nursery for olive-trees_ (1653). #eīsdem ferē verbīs ut disputātum est#, _TD._ 2, 9, _in pretty much the same words as were used in the actual argument_ (1937). #ut eōdem locō rēs sit quasi ea pecūnia lēgāta nōn esset#, _Leg._ 2, 53, _so that the position is the same as if the money had not been bequeathed_ (2120). #tibī̆ mēcum in eōdem est pistrīnō vīvendum#, _DO._ 2, 144, _you must live in the same mill as I_. #Homērus eādem aliīs sōpītu’ quiētest#, Lucr. 3, 1037, _Homer sleeps the same sleep as others_.

THE INTENSIVE PRONOUN.

#ipse.#

2374. #ipse#, _self_, is used in contrasts.

2375. #ipse# may contrast the chief person with subordinates, or a person with any thing belonging to him.

#Catilīna ipse pertimuit, profūgit; hī quid exspectant?# _C._ 2, 6, _Catiline, their head, has fled in abject terror; his minions here, what wait they for?_ #ē̆ī mūnītiōnī, quam fēcerat, T. Labiēnum lēgātum praefēcit; ipse in Ītaliam magnīs itineribus contendit#, 1, 10, 3, _he put Labienus, his lieutenant, in charge of the fortification he had made; he hurried, himself, to Italy with forced marches_. #tēmētī nihil adlātum intellegō :: at iam adferētur, sī ā forō ipsus redierit#, Pl. _Aul._ 355, _I see there’s no wine brought :: but it soon will be, if the governor comes back from down town_. #‘ipse dīxit;’ “ipse” autem erat Pȳthagorās#, _DN._ 1, 10, _‘the old man said so;’ now “the old man” was Pythagoras_. #nāvis tantum iactūrā factā, incolumēs ipsī ēvāsērunt#, L. 30, 25, 8, _the vessel only was lost, and the sailors escaped in safety_.