Part 32

1309. The ablative of a town or country name is rarely attached immediately to a substantive, to denote origin: as, #Periphanēs Rhodō mercātor dīves#, Pl. _As._ 499, _Periphanes from Rhodes a chapman rich_. #videō ibī̆ hospitem Zacynthō#, Pl. _Mer._ 940, _I see the friend there from Zacynthus_. Rarely in Cicero: as, #Teānō Āpulō laudātōrēs#, _Clu._ 197, _eulogists from Apulian Teanum_; in Caesar twice. In Livy with #ab# only: as, #Turnus ab Arīciā#, L. 1, 50, 3, _Turnus from Aricia_. But the Roman tribe one belongs to, is regularly in the ablative: as, #Q. Verrem Rōmiliā, _sc._ tribū#, _V. a. pr._ 1, 23, _Verres of the tribe Romilia_.

1310. With a verb, country names regularly have a preposition, and always in Cicero, Sallust, and Livy: as, #ē Ciliciā dēcēdēns#, _Br._ 1, _going away from Cilicia_. The ablative alone is rare: as, #Aegyptō adveniō domum#, Pl. _Most._ 440, _from Egypt I come home_. Chiefly in Tacitus: as, #Aegyptō remeāns#, 2, 69, _coming back from Egypt_. In Caesar, by attraction: #cōgēbantur Corcȳrā atque Acarnāniā pābulum supportāre#, _C._ 3, 58, 4, _they were forced to fetch fodder from Corcyra and even Acarnania_.

1311. (2.) The ablatives #domō# and #rūre#, and in poetry #humō#, are used like proper names of towns: as,

(_a._) #domō excesserant#, 4, 14, 5, _they had gone away from home_. Also metaphorically: as, #domō doctus#, Pl. _Mer._ 355, _by home-experience taught_. (_b._) #rūre rediīt uxor mea#, Pl. _Mer._ 705, _my wife’s come back from out of town_. (_c._) #humō#, in Vergil first: as, #vix oculōs attollit humō#, O. 2, 448, _scarce from the ground her eyes she lifts_.

[Erratum: 1309 ... #Turnus ab Arīciā#, L. 1, 50, 3, 50, 3.]

THE ABLATIVE OF SOURCE, STUFF, OR MATERIAL.

1312. The verb #nāscor# and participles of origin take an ablative to denote parentage or rank in life.

Such participles are: #nātus#, #prōgnātus#, and #ortus#; in poetry and late prose, also #crētus#, #ēditus#, #generātus#, #genitus#, #satus#, and #oriundus#: as, (_a._) #Rōmulus deō prōgnātus#, L. 1, 40, 3, _Romulus, sprung from a god_. #dīs genite#, V. 9, 642, _thou sired of gods_. Of a parent, #ex# is sometimes used: as #ex mē hic nātus nōn est#, T. _Ad._ 40, _he’s not my son_; and of remoter ancestors, #ab#. (_b._) #locō nātus honestō#, 5, 45, 2, _respectably descended_. #summō locō nātus#, 5, 25, 1, _of high birth_, #familiā antīquissimā nātum#, 7, 32, 4, _a member of an old family_. Rarely with #dē#: as, #quō dē genere gnātust Philocratēs?# Pl. _Cap._ 277, _what is the parentage of Philocrates?_

1313. The ablative with an attribute, attached to a substantive, sometimes denotes stuff or material: as, #aere cavō clipeum#, V. 3, 286, _a targe of hallow bronze_. #perennī fronde corōnam#, Lucr. 1, 118, _a crown of amaranthine leaf_. #solidōque adamante columnae#, V. 6, 552, _and pillars of the solid adamant_. This construction borders closely on the ablative of quality (1375). Rarely without an attribute: as, #pīctās abiete puppīs#, V. 5, 663, _painted sterns of fir_.

1314. A substantive denoting stuff or material is generally put in the ablative with #dē# or #ex#; thus,

(_a._) Directly with a substantive: #pōcula ex aurō#, _V._ 4, 62, _cups of gold_. (_b._) Oftener with an auxiliary verb or participle: #sīgnum erat hoc Cupīdinis ē marmore#, _V._ 4, 5, _this statue of Cupid was made of marble_. #scūtīs ex cortice factīs#, 2, 33, 2, _with long shields made out of bark_. #ex ūnā gemmā pergrandī trūlla excavāta#, _V._ 4, 62, _a ladle scooped out of a single enormous semi-precious stone_.

1315. The ablative with forms of #faciō# and #sum# denotes that with which or to which something is done: as, #quid hōc homine faciās?# _Sest._ 29, _what can you do with such a fellow?_ #quid mē fīet?# T. _Andr._ 709, _what will become of me?_ But often the dative (1205): as, #quid tibī̆ faciam?# _Att._ 7, 3, 2, _what shall I do to you?_ Or the ablative with #dē#: as, #dē frātre quid fīet?# T. _Ad._ 996, _as to my brother, what will come to pass?_

THE ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, INFLUENCE, OR MOTIVE.

1316. The ablative is used to denote cause, influence, or motive: as,

#madeō metū#, Pl. _Most._ 395, _I’m drenched with dread_. #tū imprūdentiā lāberis#, _Mur._ 78, _you, sir, slip from inadvertence_. #maerōre et lacrimīs cōnsenēscēbat#, _Clu._ 13, _she just pined away in sorrow and tears_. #īrā incendor#, Pl. _Ps._ 201, _I’m getting hot with wrath_. #premor lūctū#, _Att._ 3, 22, 3, _I am bowed down with grief_. #quod ego nōn superbiā faciēbam#, _DO._ 1, 99, _I did not act thus from superciliousness, not I_. #nōn movētur pecūniā#, _V._ 4, 18, _he is not moved by money_. #boat caelum fremitū virūm#, Pl. _Am._ 232, _the welkin rings with roar of men_. #dēlictō dolēre, corrēctiōne gaudēre#, _L._ 90, _be pained by the sin, take pleasure in the reproof_. #aetāte nōn quīs optuērier#, Pl. _Most._ 840, _owing to age thou canst not see_. #Iovis iussū veniō#, Pl. _Am. prol._ 19, _at Jove’s behest I come_. #Sēiānus nimiā fortūnā sōcors#, Ta. 4, 39, _Sejanus giddy with over-prosperity_. #ferōx praedā glōriāque exercitus#, Ta. _H._ 1, 51, _the army flushed with booty and glory_. #exercitūs nostrī interitus ferrō#, _Pis._ 40, _the annihilation of our army by the sword_ (1301).

1317. Instead of the ablative, other constructions often occur, especially with verbs used transitively; such are:

(_a._) Prepositional phrases with #dē# or #ex#, in Varro and Livy with #ab#; also with #ob#, #per#, or #propter#: as, #multī in oppidum propter timōrem sēsē recipiunt#, Caes. _C._ 2, 35, 6, _a good many retreated to the town from fear_. Sometimes with #prae#: as, #prae amōre exclūstī hunc forās#, T. _Eu._ 98, _it was for love you turned him out of doors_: in classical Latin, usually of hindrance: as, #sōlem prae iaculōrum multitūdine nōn vidēbitis#, _TD._ 1, 101, _you won’t see the sun for the cloud of javelins_. (_b._) Circumlocutions with #causā#, less frequently with #grātiā# (1257). (_c._) Ablatives absolute, or participles, particularly auxiliary participles with an ablative to express cause, oftener motive, such as #captus#, #ductus#, #excitātus# or #incitātus#, #impulsus#, #incēnsus#, #īnflammātus#, #mōtus#, #perterritus#: as, #nōnnūllī pudōre adductī remanēbant#, 1, 39, 3, _some stuck by from shame_.

1318. The person by whom the action of a passive verb is done, is denoted by the ablative with #ab# or #ā#. Also occasionally with verbs equivalent to a passive, such as #cadō#, #intereō#, #pereō#, #vēneō#, &c., &c. Things or animals are sometimes represented as persons by the use of #ab#: as, #animus bene īnfōrmātus ā nātūrā#, _Off._ 1, 13, _a soul meetly fashioned by dame nature_. See 1476-1478.

1319. In poetry, an ablative denoting a person, with an adjective in agreement, is sometimes equivalent to an expression with an abstract substantive: as, #et adsiduō ruptae lēctōre columnae#, J. 1, 13, _and pillars by persistent reader riven_, i.e. #adsiduitāte lēctōris#, or #adsiduā lēctiōne#. #cūrātus inaequālī tōnsōre capillōs#, H. _E._ 1, 1, 94, _my locks by unsymmetric barber trimmed_.

THE ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON.

1320. (1.) The ablative may be used with a comparative adjective, when the first of two things compared is in the nominative, or is a subject-accusative.

Such an ablative is translated by _than_: as, (_a._) #lūce sunt clāriōra nōbīs tua cōnsilia#, _C._ 1, 6, _your schemes are plainer to us than day_. #ō mātre pulchrā fīlia pulchrior#, H. 1, 16, 1, _O daughter fairer than a mother fair_. Particularly in sentences of negative import: as, #quis Karthāginiēnsium plūris fuit Hannibale?# _Sest._ 142, _of all the sons of Carthage, who was rated higher than Hannibal?_ #nec mihī̆ est tē iūcundius quicquam nec cārius#, _Fam._ 2, 10, 1, _and there is nothing in the world nearer and dearer to me than you_. (_b._) #illud cōgnōscēs profectō, mihī̆ tē neque cāriōrem neque iūcundiōrem esse quemquam#, _Fam._ 2, 3, 2, _one thing I am sure you will see, that there is nobody nearer and dearer to me than you_.

1321. (2.) The ablative of comparison is similarly used when the first member of comparison is an accusative of the object: as,

#exēgī monumentum aere perennius#, H. 3, 30, 1, _I have builded up a monument more durable than bronze_. Particularly so in sentences of negative import: as, #hōc mihī̆ grātius facere nihil potes#, _Fam._ 13, 44, _you can do nothing for me more welcome than this_. Also with predicate adjectives dependent on a verb of thinking (1167): as, #Hērodotum cūr vērāciōrem dūcam Enniō?# _Div._ 2, 116, _why should I count Herodotus any more truthful than Ennius?_ Regularly when the second member of comparison is a relative: as, #quā pecude nihil genuit nātūra fēcundius#, _DN._ 2, 160, _nature has created nothing more prolific than this animal_, i.e. the sow.

1322. (3.) In poetry, the ablative of comparison may be used with the first member of comparison in any case: as, #Lūcīlī rītū, nostrūm meliōris utrōque#, H. _S._ 2, 1, 29, _after Lucilius’s way, a better man than thou or I_.

1323. (4.) In sentences of negative import, the ablative is sometimes used with #alter# and #alius#, as with a comparative: as, #neque mēst alter quisquam#, Pl. _As._ 492, _and there’s no other man than I_. #nec quicquam aliud lībertāte commūnī quaesīsse#, Brut. and Cass. in _Fam._ 11, 2, 2, _and to have aimed at nothing else than freedom for all_. But in prose, #quam# is commonly used.

1324. (1.) The second member of comparison is often introduced by #quam#, _than_, or in poetry by #atque# or #ac#. This member, whatever the case of the first member, is sometimes made the subject of a form of #sum# in a new sentence: as,

#meliōrem quam ego sum suppōnō tibī̆#, Pl. _Cur._ 256, _I give you as a substitute a better than I am myself_. #verba M. Varrōnis, hominis quam fuit Claudius doctiōris#, Gell. 10, 1, 4, _the words of Varro, a better scholar than Claudius ever was_. #ut tibī̆ maiōrī quam Āfricanus fuit, mē adiūnctum esse patiāre#, _Fam._ 5, 7, 3, _so that you will allow me to be associated with you, a bigger man than Africanus ever was_.

1325. (2.) When the first member is in the nominative or accusative, #quam# is commonly a mere coordinating word, with both members in the same case: as,

(_a._) #plūris est oculātus testis ūnus quam aurītī decem#, Pl. _Tru._ 490, _a single witness with an eye rates higher than a dozen with the ear_. (_b._) #tū velim exīstimēs nēminem cuiquam neque cāriōrem neque iūcundiōrem umquam fuisse quam tē mihī̆#, _Fam._ 1, 9, 24, _I hope you will be convinced that nobody was ever nearer and dearer to anybody than you to me_.

1326. An introductory ablative of a demonstrative or relative pronoun sometimes precedes the construction with #quam#: as, #quid hōc est clārius, quam omnīs Segestae mātrōnās et virginēs convēnisse?# _V._ 4, 77, _what fact is there better known than this, to wit, that all the women in Segesta, married and single, came streaming together?_

1327. The ablative is sometimes used with comparative adverbs also.

So particularly in sentences of negative import: as, #nihil lacrimā citius ārēscit#, Corn. 2, 50, _nothing dries up quicker than a tear_. Less frequently in positive sentences in prose: as, #fortūna, quae plūs cōnsilīs hūmānīs pollet, contrāxit certāmen#, L. 44, 40, 3, _fortune, who is mightier than the devices of man, precipitated the engagement_. Very commonly, however, #quam# is used with comparative adverbs.

1328. Designations of number or extent are often qualified by #amplius#, #longius#, or #plūs#, _over_, or by #minus#, _under_.

The word thus qualified is put in the case which the context would require without any such qualification: as, #plūs septingentī captī#, L. 41, 12, 8, _over seven hundred were taken prisoners_. #tēcum plūs annum vīxit#, _Q._ 41, _he lived with you over a year_ (1151). #cum equīs plūs quīngentīs#, L. 40, 32, 6, _with over five hundred horses_. Less frequently with #quam#. When these words are felt as real substantives in the nominative or accusative, the ablative of comparison may be used (1320): as, #plūs trīduō#, _RA._ 74, _more than three days_.

1329. In expressions of age with #nātus#, the adjectives #maior# and #minor# are used as well as #amplius# and #minus#, and with the same construction (1328): as, #annōs nātus maior quadrāgintā#, _RA._ 39, _over forty years old_. For other constructions, see the dictionary. Similarly #conlēctus aquae digitum nōn altior ūnum#, Lucr. 4, 414, _a pool no deeper than a finger’s breadth_ (1130). But commonly with comparative adjectives of extent, #quam# is used, or the ablative (1320): as, #palūs nōn lātior pedibus quīnquāgintā#, 7, 19, 1, _a marsh not wider than fifty feet_.

1330. With a comparative adjective or adverb, the ablatives #opīniōne#, #exspectātiōne#, and #spē#, and some others, chiefly in poetry, take the place of a sentence with #quam#: as,

#opīniōne melius#, Pl. _Cas._ 338, _better than you thought_. #minōra opīniōne#, Caes. _C._ 2, 31, 5, _more insignificant than is thought_. #lātius opīniōne dissēminātum est hoc malum#, _C._ 4, 6, _this infection is more sweeping than anybody dreams_. #spē omnium sērius#, L. 2, 3, 1, _later than was generally expected_.

II. THE LOCATIVE ABLATIVE.

(A.) THE LOCATIVE PROPER.

1331. (1.) Singular proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the locative to denote the place in or at which action occurs: as,

#quid Rōmae faciam? mentīrī nescio#, J. 3, 41, _what can I do in Rome? I don’t know how to lie_. #Corinthī et Karthāginī#, _Agr._ 2, 90, _at Corinth and at Carthage_. #Lacedaemonī#, N. _praef._ 4, _in Lacedaemon_. #Tīburī#, _Att._ 16, 3, 1, _at Tibur_. #Rhodī#, _Fam._ 4, 7, 4, _at Rhodes_. #mānsiōnēs diutinae Lēmnī#, T. _Ph._ 1012, _protracted stays at Lemnos_ (1301). Sometimes in dates: as, #data Thessalonīcae#, _Att._ 3, 20, 3, _given at Thessalonica_ (1307). The locative rarely means _near_: as, #Antiī#, L. 22, 1, 10, _round about Antium_. In Plautus only two singular town names with consonant stems occur, and these regularly in the locative, #Carthāginī# and #Sicyōnī#, three times each; once in a doubtful example, #Sicyōne#, _Cist._ 128. Terence has no examples of these stems. From Cicero on, the locative ablative is commoner with them (1343).

1332. With an adjective attribute also, the locative is used: as, #Teānī Āpulī#, _Clu._ 27, _at the Apulian Teanum_. #Suessae Auruncae#, L. 32, 9, 3, _at the Auruncan Suessa_. The appellative #forum#, _market place_, used, with an attribute, as a proper name, is sometimes put in the accusative with #ad#: as, #Claternae, ad Forum Cornēlium#, _Fam._ 12, 5, 2, _at Claterna and at Forum Cornelium_; sometimes in the locative ablative: #Forō Iūlī#, Plin. _Ep._ 5, 19, 7.

1333. When the locative is further explained by an appellative following, the appellative is put in the locative ablative, either alone, or with #in#: as, #Antiochīae, celebrī quondam urbe#, _Arch._ 4, _at Antioch, once a bustling town_. #Neāpolī, in celeberrimō oppidō#, _RabP._ 26, _at Neapolis, a town swarming with people_. An appellative in the ablative with #in# may be further defined by a proper name in the locative: as, #duābus in īnsulīs, Melitae et Samī#, _V._ 5, 184, _in two islands--at Melita and Samos_. #in oppidō, Antiochīae#, _Att._ 5, 18, 1, _within town walls--at Antioch_. #in sēcessū, Apollōniae#, Suet. _Aug._ 94, _out of town--at Apollonia_. Or in the ablative: as, #in oppidō Citiō#, N. 5, 3, 4, _in the town of Citium_. #in urbe Rōmā#, L. 39, 14, 7, _in the city of Rome_.

1334. In Plautus, singular town names with stems in #-ā-# or #-o-# are put in the locative ten or twelve times, in the ablative with #in# some fifteen times. Three such have only #in#, never the locative: #in Anactoriō#, _Poen._ 896, #in Seleuciā#, _Tri._ 901, #in Spartā#, _Poen._ 663; furthermore, #in Epidamnō#, _Men._ 267, 380 twice, #in Ephesō#, _B._ 309, _MG._ 441, 778, and #in Epidaurō#, _Cur._ 341, 429, _E._ 540, 541, 554, but also #Epidamnī#, _Men. prol._ 51, #Ephesī#, _B._ 336, 1047, _MG._ 648, and #Epidaurī#, _E._ 636. Terence, who has only #-o-# stems, uses the locative six times, the ablative with #in# four times: only with #in#: #in Andrō#, _Andr._ 931, #in Imbrō#, _Hec._ 171. Furthermore #in Lēmnō#, _Ph._ 873, 1004 but also #Lēmnī#, _Ph._ 680, 942, 1013. Also #Mīlētī#, _Ad._ 654, #Rhodī#, _Eu._ 107, #Sūniī#, _Eu._ 519.

1335. A town name is sometimes put in the ablative with #in# by assimilation with a parallel #in#: as, #in Illyricō, in ipsā Alexandrēā#, _Att._ 11, 16, 1, _in Illyricum, and at Alexandrea itself_. #Antiochum in Syriā, Ptolemaeum in Alexandrīā esse#, L. 42, 26, 7. _that Antiochus was in Syria, Ptolemy at Alexandria_. #in mōnte Albānō Lāvīniōque#, L. 5, 52, 8, _on the Alban mount and at Lavinium_. Also without assimilation: as, #nāvis et in Caiētā est parāta nōbīs et Brundusiī#, _Att._ 8, 3, 6, _we have a vessel all chartered, one in Cajeta and one at Brundusium_. #in Hispalī#, Caes. _C._ 2, 18, 1, _in Hispalis_.

1336. With country names, the locative is very exceptional: as, #Chersonēsī#, N. 1, 2, 4, _at the Peninsula_. #Aegyptī#, Val. M. 4, 1, 15, _in Egypt_. Similarly #Accheruntī#, Pl. _Cap._ 689, 998, _Mer._ 606, _Tru._ 749, _in Acheron_; #Accherunte# however once: #Accheruntest#, Pl. _Poen._ 431. In Sallust, #Rōmae Numidiaeque#, _I._ 33, 4, with assimilation of #Numidiae# to #Rōmae#.

1337. (2.) The locatives #domī#, #rūrī#, #humī#, and rarely #orbī#, are used like proper names of towns: as,

(_a._) #cēnābō domī#, Pl. _St._ 482, _I shall dine at home_. Metaphorically, #domī est#, #nāscitur#, or #habeō#, _I can get at home_, _I need not go abroad for_, or _I have in plenty_: as, #id quidem domī est#, _Att._ 10, 14, 2, _as for that, I have it myself_. With a possessive pronoun or #aliēnus# in agreement, either the locative is used, or the ablative with #in#; for #domuī#, as, _Off._ 3, 99, see 594; with other adjectives the ablative with #in#. (_b._) #rūrī#, T. _Ph._ 363, _up in the country_; for #rūre#, see 1344 and 1345. (_c._) #humī#, _on the ground_, or _to the ground_, in Terence first: as, #hunc ante nostram iānuam appōne :: obsecrō, humīne?# T. _Andr._ 724, _set down this baby at our door :: good gracious; on the ground?_ #iacēre humī#, _C._ 1, 26, _sleeping on bare ground_. (_d._) #orbī# with #terrae# or #terrārum#: as, #amplissimum orbī terrārum monumentum#, _V._ 4, 82, _the grandest monument in the wide wide world_.

1338. The locatives #bellī#, older #du͡ellī#, and #mīlitiae# are sometimes used in contrast with #domī#: as, #domī du͡ellīque#, Pl. _Cap. prol._ 68, #domī bellīque#, L. 2, 50, 11, #domī mīlitiaeque#, _TD._ 5, 55, #mīlitiae et domī#, T. _Ad._ 495, _at home and in the field_. Rarely without #domī#: as, #bellī#, _RP._ 2, 56, #mīlitiae#, S. _I._ 84, 2.

1339. (3.) Other appellatives rarely have the locative: as, #proxumae vīcīniae#, Pl. _B._ 205, _MG._ 273, _in the next neighbourhood_. #terrae#, L. 5, 51, 9, _in the earth_. With verbs of suspense, doubt, and distress, and with many adjectives, #animī#, _in soul_, is not infrequent; and #animī# being mistaken for a genitive, #mentis# is also used: as, #dēsipiēbam mentis#, Pl. _E._ 138, _I was beside myself_. Oftener #animō# (1344).

1340. Many original locatives have become set as adverbs: as, #peregrī#, _abroad_. Particularly of pronouns: as, #illī#, Pl. _Am._ 249, _off there_, oftener #illīc#; #istī# or #istīc#, #hīc#; sometimes further defined by an added expression: as, #hīc vīcīniae#, T. _Ph._ 95, _here in the neighbourhood_. #hīc proxumae vīcīniae#, _MG._ 273, _here in the house next door_. #hīc in Veneris fānō me͡a͡e vīcīniae#, Pl. _R._ 613, _here, in the shrine of Venus, in my neighbourhood_. #hīc Rōmae#, _Arch._ 5, _here in Rome_.

1341. The locative proper sometimes denotes time when: as, #lūcī#, _by light_, #temperī#, _betimes_, #herī# or #here#, _yesterday_, #vesperī#, _at evening_, #herī vesperī#, _DO._ 2, 13, _last evening_. In Plautus, #diē septimī#, _Men._ 1156, _Per._ 260, _on the seventh day_, #māne sānē septimī#, _Men._ 1157, _bright and early on the seventh_, #diē crāstinī#, _Most._ 881, _tomorrow_. Often with an adjective juxtaposed: as, #postrīdiē#, _the day after_, #postrīdiē māne#, _Fam._ 11, 6, 1, _early next day_, #cōtīdiē#, _each day_, _daily_, #prīdiē#, _the day before_.

[Errata: 1331 ... #mānsiōnēs diutinae Lēmnī# text unchanged: expected form diūtinae 1340 ... #hīc in Veneris fānō me͡a͡e vīcīniae# The vowels “eae” are joined with a single ligature]

(B.) THE ABLATIVE USED AS LOCATIVE.

PLACE IN, ON, OR AT WHICH.

1342. (1.) Plural proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the locative ablative to denote the place in or at which action occurs: as,

#mortuus Cūmīs#, L. 2, 21, 5, _he died at Cumae_. #Athēnīs tenue caelum, crassum Thēbīs#, _Fat._ 7, _in Athens the air is thin, at Thebes it is thick_. #locus ostenditur Capreīs#, Suet. _Tib._ 62, _the place is pointed out at Capreae_. Rarely with substantives of action (1301): as, #mānsiō Formiīs#, _Att._ 9, 5, 1, _the stay at Formiae_. With an attribute: #Athēnīs tuīs#, _Att._ 16, 6, 2, _in your darling Athens_. #Curibus Sabīnīs#, L. 1, 18, 1, _at the Sabine Cures_.

1343. (2.) Singular proper names of towns with consonant stems are oftener put in the locative ablative than in the locative proper: as,

#adulēscentium gregēs Lacedaemone vīdimus#, _TD._ 5, 77, _we have seen the companies of young men in Lacedaemon_. #Karthāgine#, _Att._ 16, 4, 2, _at Carthage_. #Tībure#, H. _E._ 1, 8, 12, _at Tibur_. #Nārbōne#, _Ph._ 2, 76, _at Narbo_. See 1331. So also #Acherunte#, Lucr. 3, 984, _in Acheron_. #Calydōne et Naupāctō#, Caes. _C._ 3, 35, 1, _at Calydon and Naupactus_, with #Naupāctō# attracted by #Calydōne#. With an attribute: #Carthāgine Novā#, L. 28, 17, 11, _at New Carthage_. #Acherunte profundō#, Lucr. 3, 978, _in vasty Acheron_.

1344. (3.) A few general appellatives are used in the locative ablative without an attribute, especially in set expressions, to denote the place where: as,

#terrā marīque#, _IP._ 48, _by land and sea_; less commonly #marī atque terrā#, S. _C._ 53, 2, _by sea and land_. #dextrā Pīraeus, sinistrā Corinthus#, Cael. in _Fam._ 4, 5, 4, _Piraeus on the right, Corinth on the left_. Rarely, #rūre#, Pl. _Cas._ 110, H. _E._ 1, 7, 1, _in the country_, for #rūrī# (1337). So #animō#, #animīs#, with verbs of feeling: as, #angor animō#, _Br._ 7, _I am distressed in soul_, or _I am heart-broken_. Metaphorically: #locō#, (_a._) _in the right place_, also #suō locō#, or #in locō#. (_b._) #locō#, _instead_; #numerō#, _in the category_, both with a genitive. #prīncipiō#, #initiō#, _in the beginning_.

1345. Certain appellatives, with an attribute, often denote the place where by the locative ablative; so especially #locō#, #locīs#, #rūre#, #librō#, #librīs#, #parte#, #partibus#: as, #remōtō, salūbrī, amoenō locō#, _Fam._ 7, 20, 2, _in a sequestered, healthy, and picturesque nook_. #idōneō locō#, 3, 17, 5, _in an advantageous spot_. #inīquō locō#, 5, 51, 1, _on unsuitable ground_. #campestribus ac dēmissīs locīs#, 7, 72, 3, _in level and sunken places_. #rūre meō#, H. _E._ 1, 15, 17, _at my own country box_. #rūre paternō#, H. _E._ 1, 18, 60, J. 6, 55, _on the ancestral farm_. #aliō librō#, _Off._ 2, 31, _in another book_.

1346. Substantives are often used in the locative ablative with #tōtus# in agreement, less often with #cūnctus#, #omnis#, or #medius#, to denote the place where: as, #tōtā Galliā#, 5, 55, 3, _all over Gaul_. #tōtīs trepidātur castrīs#, 6, 37, 6, _there is a panic all over the camp_. #omnibus oppidīs#, _V._ 2, 136, _in all the towns_. #omnibus oppidīs maritimīs#, Caes. _C._ 3, 5, 1, _in all the seaports_. #mediā urbe#, L. 1, 33, 8, _in the heart of Rome_. But sometimes #in# is used, or the accusative with #per#.