Part 31

Such are chiefly adjectives meaning (_a._) _desirous_, (_b._) _knowing_, or _remembering_, (_c._) _participating_, _controlling_, or _guilty_, (_d._) _full_, and most of their opposites: as, (_a._) #aurī cupidus#, Pl. _Poen._ 179, _eager for gold_. #sapientiae studiōsōs, id est enim philosophōs#, _TD._ 5, 9, _devotees of wisdom, for that is what ‘philosophers’ means_. So also #aemulus#, #avidus#, #fastīdiōsus#, #invidus#. (_b._) #gnārus rē̆ī pūblicae#, _Br._ 228, _familiar with government_. #rē̆ī mīlitāris perītissimus#, 1, 21, 4, _a master of the art military_. #hominēs adulēscentulōs, inperītōs rērum#, T. _Andr._ 910, _mere hobbledehoys, not up in the world’s ways_. #imperītus mōrum#, _RA._ 143, _behind the times_. #immemor beneficiōrum, memor patriae#, _Ph._ 2, 27, _forgetful of kindnesses, never forgetting his country_. So also #cōnscius#, #cōnsultus#, #īnscius#, #īnsolēns#, #īnsolitus#, #īnsuētus#, #iēiūnus#, #prōvidus#, #prūdēns#, #rudis#. (_c._) #praedae participēs#, Caes. _C._ 3, 82, 1, _sharing in the booty_. #manifestus tantī sceleris#, S. _I._ 35, 8, _caught in committing this atrocious crime_. #expers glōriae#, _IP._ 57, _without a share in the glory_. So also #adfīnis#, #compos#, #cōnsors#, #exhērēs#, #potēns#, #reus#. (_d._) #negōtī plēnus#, Pl. _Ps._ 380, _full of business_. #fōns plēnissimus piscium#, _V._ 4, 118, _a fountain swarming with fish_. #refertō praedōnum marī#, _IP._ 31, _when the sea was crammed with corsairs_. So also #fertilis#, #inops#, #līberālis#, #nūdus#, #prōfūsus#.

1264. In poetry and late prose, a great many other adjectives of these meanings, besides those mentioned above, are also used with the genitive. Such are principally: (_a._) #avārus#, #cūriōsus#, #incūriōsus#, #sēcūrus#. (_b._) #nescius#, #praesāgus#, #praescius#, #scītus#. (_c._) #exsors#, #immūnis#, #impos#, #impotēns#, #innocēns#, #innoxius#, #īnsōns#, #noxius#, #suspectus#. (_d._) #abundāns#, #dīves#, #egēnus#, #inānis#, #indigus#, #largus#, #parcus#, #pauper#, #prōdigus#, #sterilis#, #vacuus#.

1265. With #cōnscius# and the genitive of a thing, the dative of a person is sometimes added: as, #tot flāgitiōrum exercituī meō cōnscius#, Ta. 1, 43, _a participant with my army in so many outrages_. Sometimes #cōnscius# has the dative of a thing: as, #mēns cōnscia factīs#, Lucr. 3, 1018, _the mind of guilt aware_.

1266. (2.) The genitive of the object is often used with present participles which express permanent condition.

These participles are chiefly from verbs which have a transitive use. Not common in old Latin: as, #amantem uxōris#, Pl. _As._ 857, _devoted to his wife_, #fugitāns lītium#, T. _Ph._ 623, _inclined to dodge a suit at law_. Very common in Cicero: as, #semper appetentēs glōriae praeter cēterās gentīs fuistis#, _IP._ 7, _you have always been more hungry for glory than any other nation_. Especially in set expressions: as, #homo amantissimus patriae#, _Sull._ 34, #vir amantissimus rē̆ī pūblicae#, _C._ 4, 13, _ever a devoted patriot_. #negōtī gerentēs#, _Sest._ 97, _business men_. #aliēnī appetēns#, _DO._ 2, 135, S. _C._ 5, 4, _always hankering after other people’s things_. In Caesar seldom: as, #fugiēns labōris#, _C._ 1, 69, 3, _apt to shirk exertion_.

1267. The genitive is hardly ever found with adjectives in #-āx# (284): as, #huius re͡i mendācem#, Pl. _As._ 855, _untruthful in this point_. But in poetry, from Vergil and Horace on, and in late prose, a few genitives occur with adjectives whose parallel verbs have a transitive use, such as #capāx#, #edāx#, #tenāx#, &c.: as, #tempus edāx rērum#, O. 15, 234, _thou all-devourer--time_.

1268. Some of the adjectives which usually take the genitive have occasionally other constructions.

Thus, with #adfīnis# the dative also occurs (1200), rarely with #aemulus# (1183); the ablative with adjectives of fulness, as #dīves#, #plēnus#, and #refertus# (1387); #iūre# with #cōnsultus# and #perītus# (1385). For #vacuus#, &c., see 1306. Prepositional constructions also occur with these adjectives, such as the accusative with #ad# or #in#, or the ablative with #ab#, #dē#, or #in#: see the dictionary.

1269. For the genitive, with words denoting relationship, connection, friendship, or hostility, see 1203; with #similis#, 1204. With #dignus# and #indignus#, _worthy_ and _unworthy_, the ablative is regularly used (1392); rarely the genitive: as, #nōn ego sum dignus salūtis?# Pl. _Tri._ 1153, _don’t I deserve a greeting too?_ #indignus avōrum#, V. 12, 649, _unworthy of my sires_.

1270. (3.) In poetry and late prose, the genitive is used very freely with many adjectives of various meanings, often merely to indicate what they apply to: as,

#nēmō mīlitāris rē̆ī callidior habēbātur#, Ta. _H._ 2, 32, _at soldiering nobody was thought to have a greater knack_. #vetus operis ac labōris#, Ta. 1, 20, _an old hand at the toil and moil of army life_. #aevī mātūrus Acestēs#, V. 5, 73, _Acestes, ripe in years_. #sērī studiōrum#, H. _S._ 1, 10, 21, _what laggards at your books_. #integer vītae scelerisque pūrus#, H. 1, 22, 1, _the man unspotted in his life and clean of sin_. #fessī rērum#, V. 1, 178, _in travail spent_. #satin tū sānu’s mentis aut animī tuī?# Pl. _Tri._ 454, _art thou quite right in thy five wits?_ (1339).

III. THE GENITIVE WITH VERBS.

VERBS OF VALUING.

1271. A few neuter adjectives of quantity are put in the genitive with verbs of valuing to denote the amount of estimation; such genitives are:

#magnī#, #plūris#, #plūrimī#; #parvī#, #minōris#, #minimī#; #tantī#, #quantī#.

The verbs with which these genitives are used are #aestimō#, #dūcō#, #faciō#, #habeō#, #pendō#, #putō#, and #sum#; rarely #exīstimō#: as, #magnī opera eius aestimāta est#, N. 24, 1, 2, _his services were rated high_. #nōn magnī pendō#, Pl. _As._ 460, _I don’t care much_. #sua parvī pendere#, S. _C._ 12, 2, _a setting small store by what they had of their own_. #Verrēsne tibī̆ tantī fuit?# _V._ 1, 77, _was Verres so important in your eyes?_ #est mihī̆ tantī#. _C._ 2, 15, _it is well worth my while_. #quantī is ā cīvibus suīs fieret īgnōrābās?# _V._ 4, 19, _did not you know how the man was prized by his own townsmen?_ Rarely #maximī#: as, #maximī aestimāre#, _Clu._ 159, _to think all the world of_.

1272. In expressions of worthlessness, other genitives are also used thus; such are #nihilī#, or, usually with a negative, #āssis#, #floccī#, #naucī#, #pilī#, #teruncī#: as, #nōn āssis facis?# Cat. 43, 13, _car’st not a doit?_ So also #huius#: as, #huius nōn faciam#, T. _Ad._ 163, _I shall not care a snap_.

1273. With #aestimō#, the ablatives #magnō# and #permagnō# are sometimes used: as, #quid? tū ista permagnō aestimās?# _V._ 4, 13, _tell me, do you rate that sort of thing very high yourself?_ Compare 1390.

1274. The genitives #tantī# and #quantī#, #plūris# and #minōris# are also used with verbs of buying and selling, hiring and letting, and costing. But other words are put in the ablative with these verbs: see 1391. For #magnī#, &c., with #rēfert# and #interest#, see 1279.

1275. A similar genitive occurs in one or two set forms, such as #aequī bonīque dīcō#, or #faciō#, #aequī faciō#, and #bonī cōnsulō#: as, #istūc, Chremēs, aequī bonīque faciō#, T. _Hau._ 787, _I count that, Chremes, fair and good_. #aequī istūc faciō#, Pl. _MG._ 784, _that’s all the same to me_.

THE VERBS #rēfert# AND #interest#.

1276. #rēfert# and #interest#, _it concerns_, are much alike in meaning and in construction. But the use of #rēfert# is characteristic of old Latin and poetry; in prose from Cicero on it is almost supplanted by #interest#, especially where persons are concerned.

1277. (1.) With #rēfert# and #interest#, a first or second person concerned is denoted by the possessive pronoun forms #meā#, #tuā#, #nostrā#, #vestrā#; and, from Cicero on, the third person reflexive by #suā#: as,

(_a._) #quid id rēfert meā?# Pl. _Cur._ 395, _what’s that to me?_ #tuā istūc rēfert maxumē#, Pl. _Tri._ 319, _that is of most concern to thee_. #nōn suā rēferre#, _Quinct._ 19, _that it did not concern him_. #nōn nostrā magis quam vestrā rēfert vōs nōn rebellāre#, L. 34, 17, 7, _it is not more for our interest than for your own that you should not make war again_. Without the verb: as, #quid istūc nostrā#, or #quid id nostrā?# T. _Ph._ 800, 940, _what’s that to us?_ (_b._) #tuā et meā maximē interest tē valēre#, _Fam._ 16, 4, 4, _your health is a matter of the highest importance to you and to me_. #vestrā hōc maximē interest#, _Sull._ 79, _this is of vital moment to you_.

1278. (2.) With #interest#, from Cicero on, a third person or thing concerned is denoted by the genitive. Also with #rēfert#, a few times from Sallust on: as,

(_a._) #quid eius intererat?# _RA._ 96, _what concern was it of his?_ #interesse rē̆ī pūblicae sē cum Pompēiō colloquī#, Caes. _C._ 1, 24, 5, _that it was of importance to the common weal that he should have a parley with Pompey_. (_b._) #faciundum aliquid, quod illōrum magis quam suā rētulisse vidērētur#, S. _I._ 111, 1, _that he must do something which should seem more for the other side’s good than his own_. For the accusative with #ad# with these verbs, or for the dative with #rēfert#, see the dictionary.

1279. The matter of concern is expressed by a sentence or infinitive, or by a neuter pronoun; rarely by an appellative: as, #nōn quō meā interesset locī nātūra#, _Att._ 3, 19, 1, _not that the character of the place concerned me_. The degree of concern is expressed by an adverb, as #magnopere#, by a neuter accusative, as #multum#, or by a genitive of estimation, #magnī#, #permagnī#, #plūris#, #parvī#, #tantī#, #quantī# (1271).

[Erratum: 1277a ... T. _Ph._ 800, 940 _Ph_ 800]

JUDICIAL VERBS.

1280. Verbs of accusing, convicting, condemning, and acquitting, take a genitive of the charge: as,

#C. Verrem īnsimulat avāritiae#, _V._ 1, 128, _he charges Verres with avarice_. #accūsātus est prōditiōnis#, N. 1, 7, 5, _he was charged with treason_. #capitis arcēssere#, _D._ 30, _accuse on a capital charge_. #prōditiōnis damnātus est#, N. 2, 8, 2, _he was convicted of treason_. #Pollis pecūniae pūblicae est condemnātus#, _Flacc._ 43, _Pollis was condemned for embezzlement of government money_. #maiestātis absolūtī sunt permultī#, _Clu._ 116, _a good many were acquitted of high treason_. With this genitive, an ablative, #crīmine#, #iūdiciō#, #nōmine#, or #lēge#, is sometimes expressed (1377): as, #nē quem umquam innocentem iūdiciō capitis arcēssās#, _Off._ 2, 51, _that you are never to accuse any innocent man on a charge affecting his status as a citizen_.

1281. The charge is sometimes denoted by a prepositional construction: as, #sescentī sunt, quī inter sīcāriōs et dē venēficiīs accūsābant#, _RA._ 90, _there are hundreds and hundreds that brought charges of murder, by steel and by poison_. So also #dē āleā#, _of gambling_, in Cicero regularly #dē pecūniīs repetundīs#, _of extortion_, and necessarily #dē vī#, _of an act of violence_, as #vīs# has no genitive. For the neuter accusative, see 1172.

1282. The penalty also is sometimes denoted by the genitive: as, #cupiō octuplī damnārī Aprōnium#, _V._ 3, 28, _I want to have Apronius condemned to a payment of eightfold_. #damnātusque longī Sīsyphus Aeolidēs labōris#, H. 2, 14, 19, _and Sisyphus the Aeolid, amerced with penance long_. Sometimes by the ablative: as, #capite#, _V._ 5, 109. So usually from Livy on, when the penalty is a definite sum of money or fractional part of a thing.

IMPERSONAL VERBS OF MENTAL DISTRESS.

1283. A genitive of the thing, commonly with an accusative of the person, is used with five impersonals of mental distress:

#miseret#, #paenitet#, #piget#, #pudet#, #taedet#: as,

#tu͡i mē miseret, me͡i piget#, E. in _Div._ 1, 66, _I pity thee, I loathe myself_. #frātris mē pudet pigetque#, T. _Ad._ 391, _my brother stirs my shame and my disgust_. #mī pater, mē tu͡i pudet#, T. _Ad._ 681, _dear father, in thy presence I’m abashed_. #galeātum sēro duellī paenitet#, J. 1, 169, _too late, with casque on head, a combatant repenteth him of war_. So also #miserētur#, and in old Latin inceptively, #miserēscit#, #commiserēscit#.

1284. These verbs sometimes have a sentence or a neuter pronoun as subject: as, #nōn tē haec pudent?# T. _Ad._ 754, _does not this make thee blush for shame?_ Rarely an appellative: as, #mē quidem haec condiciō nōn paenitet#, Pl. _St._ 51, _for my part, with my wedded state I’m well content_. Or a person: as, #pudeō#, Pl. _Cas._ 877, _I feel ashamed_. For participles and gerundives, see 817.

1285. The genitive is used with the personals #misereor# or #misereō#, and in poetry with #miserēscō#: as,

#aliquandō miserēminī sociōrum#, _V._ 1, 72, _do take pity on your allies, it is high time_. #nēminis miserēre certumst, quia me͡i miseret nēminem#, Pl. _Cap._ 764, _I’m bound to care for nobody, as no one cares for me_. #Arcadiī miserēscite rēgis#, V. 8, 573, _take pity on the king of Arcady_.

1286. Personal verbs of desiring, loathing, admiring, and dreading, sometimes take the genitive: as, #pol, quamquam domī cupiō, opperiar#, Pl. _Tri._ 841, _although I yearn for home, I vow I’ll wait_ (1263). #fastīdit meī#, Pl. _Aul._ 245, _he views me with disdain_ (1263). #iūstitiaene prius mīrer, bellīne labōrum?# V. 11, 126, _thy justice first shall I admire? thy toils in war?_ #nē tuī quidem testimōnī veritus#, _Att._ 8, 4, 1, _not having any awe about your recommendation either_.

VERBS OF MEMORY.

1287. The genitive is used with verbs of remembering and forgetting when they denote an inherent state of memory or of forgetfulness: as,

#faciam ut meī meminerīs dum vītam vīvās#, Pl. _Per._ 494, _I’ll make you remember me as long as you live_. #num potuī magis oblīvīscī temporum meōrum, meminisse āctiōnum?# _Fam._ 1, 9, 8, _could I have been more forgetful of my present interests, more mindful of my past career?_ #reminīscerētur incommodī populī Rōmānī#, 1, 13, 4, _he had better bear in mind the rebuff dealt out to Rome_. #oblītusque meōrum oblīvīscendus et illīs#, H. _E._ 1, 11, 10, _of friends forgetful and by friends forgot_. See 1263.

1288. The accusative is used with these verbs when they denote the mere intellectual exercise of memory or a failure to remember: as,

#equid meministī tu͡om parentum nōmina?# Pl. _Poen._ 1062, _do you remember your parents’ names?_ #Cinnam meminī vīdī Sūllam#, _Ph._ 5, 17, _I can remember Cinna, I have seen Sulla_. #utinam mēmet possim oblīscier!# Accius ap. Non. 500, 5, _oh that myself I could forget!_ #subitō tōtam causam oblītus est#, _Br._ 217, _suddenly he forgot the whole case_.

1289. #recordor# has once the genitive (_Pis._ 12), but from its meaning _bring to heart_ it is naturally found oftener with the accusative. With it and with #meminī#, the ablative with #dē# also occurs. The rare #reminīscor# has the genitive once each in Caesar and Nepos; twice later; oftener the accusative. Neuter pronouns are in the accusative with all these verbs.

1290. The impersonal #venit in mentem# also takes the genitive: as, #venit mihī̆ Platōnis in mentem#, _Fin._ 5, 2, _Plato comes into my head_; very exceptionally the ablative with #dē#. But the verb in this combination is often used personally, with the thing occurring to the mind as the subject, and regularly in Cicero, when it is #rēs# or #genus#, or a neuter pronoun.

1291. Verbs of reminding take the accusative of a person and sometimes with it the genitive of a thing: as,

#admonēbat alium egestātis, alium cupiditātis suae#, S. _C._ 21, 4, _he reminded one man of his beggary, another of his greed_. So also #commoneō#, #commonē̆faciō#, and, in Tacitus only, #moneō#. Oftener however the thing is in the ablative with #dē#, or, if it is a neuter pronoun or adjective, in the accusative (1172). Rarely a substantive equivalent to a neuter pronoun: as, #eam rem nōs locus admonuit#, S. _I._ 79, 1, _the place has reminded me of that_.

[Errata: 1288 ... #Cinnam meminī vīdī Sūllam# vidī 1289 ... the ablative with #dē# also occurs. de]

VERBS OF PARTICIPATION AND MASTERY.

1292. Verbs of participation and mastery sometimes take the genitive in old Latin and in poetry: as, #servom su͡i participat cōnsilī#, Pl. _Cist._ 163, _she makes a slave a sharer in her plot_ (1263). #quā Daunus agrestium rēgnāvit populōrum#, H. 3, 30, 11, _where Daunus was the lord of rural folk_ (1260). So, even in prose, #potior#, which usually has the ablative (1379): as, #totīus Galliae sēsē potīrī posse spērant#, 1, 3, 8, _they hope they can get the mastery over the whole of Gaul_. Especially with persons, or with the genitive plural #rērum#: #rērum potior#, _get to be_, or often, _am, master of the situation_, or _I am monarch of all I survey_. Similarly in Tacitus #apīscor#, #adipīscor#: as, #arma, quīs Servius Galba rērum adeptus est#, Ta. 3, 55, _the war by which Galba became master of the throne_. In Plautus #crēdō# sometimes has the genitive of a thing and dative of a person.

VERBS OF FULNESS AND WANT.

1293. The genitive is sometimes used with verbs of filling, abounding, and lacking, as it is with the corresponding adjectives (1263): as,

#convīvium vīcīnōrum cōtīdiē compleō#, _CM._ 46, _I fill out a dinner-party every day with neighbours_. #haec rēs vītae mē, soror, saturant#, Pl. _St._ 18, _these things, my sister, sicken me of life_. #terra ferārum nunc etiam scatit#, Lucr. 5, 39, _still teems the earth with ravin beasts_. So with #egeō# sometimes: as, #egeō cōnsilī#, _Att._ 7, 22, 2, _I am in need of some advice_. And usually with #indigeō#: as, #hoc bellum indiget celeritātis#, _Ph._ 6, 7, _this war requires rapid action_. But, from Livy on, the ablative is commoner with #indigeō#: see 1305.

1294. With verbs of separating and abstaining, the ablative is regularly used (1302). But the genitive is sometimes found in poetry: as, #mē omnium labōrum levās#, Pl. _R._ 247, _thou riddest me of all my woes_. #abstinētō īrārum calidaeque rixae#, H. 3, 27, 69, _from bursts of rage keep thou and hot affray_.

IV. THE GENITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.

1295. In poetry, the genitive with an adjective in agreement occurs two or three times in exclamation: as, #foederis heu tacitī#, Prop. 5, 7, 21, _alas, that secret covenant_. Usually the nominative (1117), or the accusative (1149).

THE ABLATIVE.

1296. The ablative is used principally with verbs and their participles, or with adjectives, and consists of three cases that were originally distinct.

1297. I. The ABLATIVE proper denotes that from which something parts or proceeds (1302).

The ablative proper is often accompanied by the prepositions #ab#, #dē#, #ex#, #prae#, #prō#, #sine#, or #tenus#.

1298. With the ablative proper two other cases, originally distinct, a locative case and an instrumental case, were confounded, and merged under the common name of the ablative.

1299. II. The LOCATIVE case denotes the place in, at, or on which action occurs. A few forms of the locative proper are still preserved (1331). But the place where is ordinarily denoted by the locative ablative (1342).

The locative ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions #in# or #sub#.

1300. III. The INSTRUMENTAL case denotes that by which or with which a main person or thing is attended (1356).

The instrumental ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions #cum# or #cōram#.

1301. The ablative or locative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive.

Thus, (_a._) sometimes to a substantive which denotes or implies action: as, #interitus ferrō#, _destruction with the sword_, like #intereō ferrō#; see 1307, 1331, 1342, 1376, 1377. (_b._) In constructions in which the ablative is due to an older combination with a verb: as, #vir singulārī virtūte#, _a man of unexampled bravery_. See 1309 and 1375.

I. THE ABLATIVE PROPER.

THE ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION AND WANT, AND OF DEPARTURE.

1302. Verbs of separation take an ablative of the thing from which separation takes place: as,

(_a._) #caruit forō posteā Pompēius, caruit senātū, caruit pūblicō#, _Mil._ 18, _after that Pompey had to keep away from the market place, from the senate, from highways and byways_. #adhūc Q. Ligārius omnī culpā vacat#, _Lig._ 4, _thus far Ligarius proves devoid of any guilt_. #egeō cōnsiliō#, _Att._ 15, 1, A, 5, _I need advice_ (1305). (_b._) #Ītaliā prohibētur: nōn tū eum patriā prīvāre, quā caret, sed vītā vīs#, _Lig._ 11, _he is kept out of Italy; you want to deprive him not of his country, from which he is debarred, but of life_. #līberēmus cūrā populum Rōmānum#, L. 39, 51, 9, Hannibal’s words when he took poison, 183 B.C., _let me relieve Rome of anxiety_.

1303. This ablative is used (_a._) with such verbs as mean _abstain_, #abstineō#, #dēsistō#, #supersedeō#; _am devoid of_, #careō#, #vacō#; _need_, #egeō#; and in addition to the accusative of the object, (_b._) with verbs used transitively, such as mean _keep off_, #arceō#, #exclūdō# and #interclūdō#, #prohibeō#; _drive away_, _remove_, #pellō#, #moveō#, and their compounds; _free_, #expediō#, #līberō#, #levō#, #solvō# and #exsolvō#; _deprive_, #orbō#, #prīvō#, #spoliō#, #nūdō#, #fraudō#.

1304. A preposition, #ab# or #ex#, is often used with these verbs, and regularly when the ablative denotes a person. But #careō# and #egeō#, and #exsolvō# and #levō#, never have a preposition.

1305. With #egeō#, the genitive is sometimes used, and often with #indigeō#: see 1293. Also in poetry, with verbs of abstaining and separating: see 1294.

1306. The ablative of separation is sometimes used with such adjectives as #aliēnus#, #expers#, #līber#, #nūdus#, #vacuus#, &c.: as, #negant id esse aliēnum maiestāte deōrum#, _Div._ 2, 105, _they maintain that this is not at variance with the greatness of the gods_. #vacuī cūrīs#, _Fin._ 2, 46, _devoid of cares_. #arce et urbe orba sum#, E. _Tr._ 114, _of tower and town bereft am I_. But sometimes the genitive: see 1263 and 1264; sometimes also prepositional constructions: for these, and particularly for the different constructions of #aliēnus#, see the dictionary.

TOWN AND ISLAND NAMES.

1307. (1.) Proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the ablative with verbs of motion, to denote the place from which motion proceeds: as,

#Dāmarātus fūgit Tarquiniōs Corinthō#, _TD._ 5, 109, _Damaratus ran away from Corinth to Tarquinii_. #sīgnum Carthāgine captum#, _V._ 4, 82, _the statue carried off from Carthage_. #Megaribus#, Pl. _Per._ 137, _from Megara_. #Lēmnō#, Pl. _Tru._ 90, _from Lemnos_. #Rōmā accēperam litterās#, _Att._ 5, 8, 2, _I had got a letter from Rome_. Rarely with a substantive of motion (1301): as, #dē illīus Alexandrēā discessū#, _Att._ 11, 18, 1, _about his departure from Alexandrea_. Also in dating letters: as, #V kal. Sextīl., Rēgiō#, _Fam._ 7, 19, _Regium, 28 July_; less often the locative: as, #Īdibus Iūniīs, Thessalonīcae#, _QFr._ 1, 3, 10, _Thessalonica, 13 June_. Like a town name: #Ācherunte#, poet. in _TD._ 1, 37, _from Acheron_. With an attribute: #ipsā Samō#, _V._ 1, 51, _from Samos itself_. #Teānō Sidicīnō#, _Att._ 8, 11, B, 2, _from Sidicinian Teanum_.

1308. Singular town or island names sometimes have #ex# in old Latin: thus, #Carystō#, Pl. _Ps._ 730, _from Carystus_, or, #ex Carystō#, _Ps._ 737, indifferently. #ex Andrō#, T. _Andr._ 70, _from Andros_. In classical Latin, town names rarely have #ab#: as, #ab Athēnīs proficīscī#, Serv. in _Fam._ 4, 12, 2, _to start from Athens_; chiefly of neighbourhood: as, #ab Gergoviā#, 7, 43, 5: 7, 59, 1, _from camp at Gergovia_; or direction: as, #ā Salōnīs ad Ōricum#, Caes. _C._ 3, 8, 4, _from Salonae to Oricum_; regularly with #longē#: as, #longē ā Syrācūsīs#, _V._ 4, 107, _far from Syracuse_.