Part 30

1221. Instead of the dative of tendency, a predicative nominative or accusative is rarely used: thus, #possessiōnem līberam Dardaniae sōlāciō fore#, L. 40, 57, 9, _that the unrestricted occupancy of Dardania would prove comforting_, but, #domestica quiēs sōlācium fuit#, L. 6, 30, 9, _the peace that prevailed at home was a solid comfort_. Prepositional expressions with #prō# and #in# also occur.

1222. (2.) The dative is also used with a few verbs of considering or accounting to denote what a thing is accounted.

So with such verbs as #dō#, #dūcō#, #habeō#, #tribuō#, and #vertō#: as, #vitiō mihī̆ dant, quod mortem hominis necessāriī graviter ferō#, Matius in _Fam._ 11, 28, 2, _the world scores it against me that I take the murder of a near and dear friend to heart_. #postquam paupertās probrō habērī coepit#, S. _C._ 12, 1, _after lack of wealth began to count as a stigma_.

THE DATIVE OF PURPOSE OR INTENTION.

1223. A few datives are used to denote what a thing is intended to be. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person interested.

So (_a._) #dōnō# and #mūnerī#: as, #ēmit eam dōnō mihī̆#, T. _Eu._ 135, _he bought her as a gift for me_. #centum bovēs mīlitibus dōnō dedit#, L. 7, 37, 3, _he gave the soldiers a hundred oxen as a present_. Also (_b._) #auxiliō#, #praesidiō#, and #subsidiō#, used of military operations, chiefly with verbs of motion: as, #iī, quī praesidiō contrā castra erant relictī, subsidiō suīs iērunt#, 7, 62, 8, _the men that had been left as a protection against the camp, went as a reinforcement to their own side_.

1224. For the datives #dōnō# and #mūnerī#, a predicative nominative or accusative is sometimes used: as, #corōnam Iovī dōnum in capitōlium mittunt#, L. 2, 22, 6, _they send a crown to the capitol as a present for Jupiter_. Prepositional expressions are also used for #auxiliō#, &c.: as, #ad praesidium#, L. 3, 5, 3, #in praesidium#, L. 31, 16, 7, _for protection_, #auxiliī causā#, L. 2, 24, 4, _to help_.

1225. The dative #receptuī# is also used in military language to denote purpose: as, #Caesar receptuī canī iussit#, 7, 47, 1, _Caesar ordered the retreat sounded_. #Quīnctius receptuī canere iussit#, L. 34, 39, 13. This dative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive: as, #receptuī sīgnum#, _Ph._ 13, 15, _the trumpet for retreat_.

[Erratum: 1224 ... as, #ad praesidium# as.]

THE GENITIVE.

1226. The genitive is principally used with nouns, less frequently with verbs. Sometimes even when it seems to be dependent on a verb, it really depends on a substantive understood, or on a noun virtually contained or implied in the verb. Some verbs require an accusative also, in addition to the genitive.

I. THE GENITIVE WITH SUBSTANTIVES.

1227. A substantive is often limited by another substantive in the genitive.

The things denoted by the two words are usually distinct: as, #metus hostium#, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. either (_a._) which they feel (1231), or (_b._) which is felt towards them (1260); #magnī ponderis saxa#, _stones of great weight_ (1239). Sometimes, however, they are more or less the same: as, #mīlitum pars#, _part of the soldiers_ (1242); #magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum#, _a perfect swarm of desperadoes_ (1255).

1228. Two or even three genitives expressing different relations, sometimes limit one substantive: as, #superiōrum diērum Sabīnī cunctātiō#, 3, 18, 6, _Sabinus’s dilatoriness in days preceding_. #eōrum diērum cōnsuētūdine itineris nostrī exercitūs perspectā#, 2, 17, 2, _studying up the order of march followed by our army in those days_.

1229. The limited substantive is often omitted, when it is obvious from the context: as, #ventum erat ad Vestae#, sc. #aedem#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 35, _to Vesta’s were we come_, i.e. to her temple. #aberam bīduī#, sc. #iter#, _Att._ 5, 17, 1, _I was two days distant_. Usually so, when it is expressed with another genitive, which generally precedes: as, #quis est, quī possit cōnferre vītam Trebōnī cum Dolābellae?# _Ph._ 11, 9, _who is there that can compare the life of Trebonius with Dolabella’s?_

1230. Instead of the genitive depending on a substantive, an equivalent adjective or a prepositional expression is often used. Such substitutions will be mentioned below in their appropriate places.

1231. The relations expressed by the limiting genitive vary very much according to the context. These relations may be put in classes, as below (1232-1260). But it must be remembered that as the genitive connects substantives in a loose way, the same construction may sometimes be referred to more than one head.

THE GENITIVE OF THE SUBJECT, CAUSE, ORIGIN, OR OWNER.

1232. (1.) The genitive is used to denote that which does the action, or which causes, originates, or possesses the object designated by the substantive it limits: as,

#metus hostium#, Gell. 9, 12, 13, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. which they feel. #adventus Caesaris#, 6, 41, 4, _the arrival of Caesar_. #bellum Venetōrum#, 3, 16, 1, _the war with the Venetans_. #illud Solōnis#, _CM._ 50, _Solon’s memorable words_. #Canachī sīgna#, _Br._ 70, _statues by Canachus_. #Cupīdinis sīgnum#, _V._ 4, 135, _the statue representing Cupid_. #huius sīgnīs#, _V._ 3, 9, _with statues belonging to this man_. #pācem Ariovistī#, 1, 37, 2, _a peaceful policy on Ariovistus’s part_. #Cannārum pugna#, L. 23, 43, 4, _the battle of Cannae_ (1427). #abacī vāsa omnia#, _V._ 4, 35, _all the vessels on the sideboard_. #prīdiē eius diēī#, 1, 47, 2, _the day before that day_ (1413). #labrōrum tenus#, Lucr. 1, 940, _the length of the lips_ (1420).

1233. Instead of the genitive, an adjective is often used to express such relations; less frequently a prepositional construction: as,

(_a._) #odium paternum#, N. 23, 1, 3, _the hatred felt by his father_. #servīlī tumultū#, 1, 40, 5, _in the slave insurrection_. #bellō Cassiānō#, 1, 13, 2, _in the war with Cassius_. #illud Cassiānum, cui bonō fuerit#, _Ph._ 2, 35, _Cassius’s test question, ‘who the gainer was.’_ #erīlis patria#, Pl. _B._ 170, _my master’s birthplace_. #intrā domesticōs parietēs#, _C._ 2, 1, _within the walls of our houses_. So usually with names of countries and of towns: as, #anus Corinthia#, T. _Hau._ 600, _an old woman of Corinth_. #pugna Cannēnsis#, L. 22, 50, 1, _the battle of Cannae_. Often in a generalizing sense: as, #paternus māternusque sanguī̆s#, _RA._ 66, _the blood of a father and of a mother_. (_b._) #ad Cannās pugnam#, L. 22, 58, 1, _the battle of Cannae_.

1234. The possessive pronoun is regularly used instead of the possessive genitive of a personal or reflexive pronoun (1230): as,

#mea domus#, _RA._ 145, _my own house_. #in tuā quādam epistolā#, _Att._ 9, 10, 3, _in a letter of yours_. But sometimes, for emphasis, the genitive of the personal or reflexive is used: as, #magnō suī cum perīculō#, 4, 28, 2, _with great personal risk_; commonly so with #omnium# or #utriusque#: as, #voluntātī vestrūm omnium pāruī#, _DO._ 3, 208, _I yielded to your joint wish_; see however 1235.

1235. A word in apposition with the possessive pronoun is put in the genitive: as, #meā ūnīus operā#, _Pis._ 6, _by my sole instrumentality_. #ad vestram omnium caedem#, _C._ 4, 4, _for the murder of you all_ (1230). So particularly #ipse#, #omnis#, #sōlus#, and #ūnus#.

1236. The genitive is often used predicatively with verbs meaning _am_, _belong_, _become_, _make_, _seem_, _am accounted_, &c., &c.: as,

#litterāriī ista sunt lūdī#, Quint. 1, 4, 27, _such questions belong to the infant school_. #hīc versus Plautī nōn est, hīc est#, _Fam._ 9, 16, 4, _this line is not Plautus’s, this one is_. #omnia, quae mulieris fuērunt, virī fīunt#, _Top._ 23, _everything which was the woman’s becomes the man’s_. #neque sē iūdicāre Galliam potius esse Ariovistī quam populī Rōmānī#, 1, 45, 1, _and that he did not think Gaul was any more Ariovistus’s than it was the Romans’_. #hostiumst potīta#, Pl. _E._ 562, _into the foemen’s hands she fell_.

1237. The possessive genitive of a person or of an abstract is particularly common when the subject of the verb is an infinitive or sentence: as,

(_a._) #scyphīs pugnāre Thrācum est#, H. 1, 27, 1, _to fight with bowls is Vandal work_. #erat āmentis, cum aciem vidērēs, pācem cōgitāre#, _Lig._ 28, _it was a madman’s act, dreaming of peace when you saw the troops in battalia_. #temporī cēdere semper sapientis est habitum#, _Fam._ 4, 9, 2, _shaping your course to circumstance has always passed as the sign of a wise man_. #mentīrī nōn est meum#, T. _Hau._ 549, _telling lies is not my style_ (1234). (_b._) #nōn est pudōris meī, mē prōpugnātōrem P. Scīpiōnis profitērī#, _V._ 4, 80, _it is not in keeping with my delicacy to set up as the champion of Scipio_. #hārum rērum esse dēfēnsōrem magnī animī est#, _Sest._ 99, _to be the defender of these interests takes heroism_. #hoc sentīre prūdentiae est, facere fortitūdinis#, _Sest._ 86, _to think thus shows wisdom, to act thus, courage_. #negāvit mōris esse Graecōrum, ut in convīviō virōrum accumberent mulierēs#, _V._ 1, 66, _he said it was not manners among the Greeks to have women at table at a men’s dinner-party_.

1238. With the possessive genitive, the limited substantive is sometimes defined by #commūnis#, #proprius# or #aliēnus#, #sacer#, or #tōtus# added: as, #hoc proprium virtūtis exīstimant#, 6, 23, 2, _this they consider a special characteristic of bravery_. #omnia quae nostra erant propria#, _RA._ 150, _everything which was our peculiar property_ (1234). #illa īnsula eōrum deōrum sacra putātur#, _V._ 1, 48, _that island is considered the hallowed property of those gods_. #iam mē Pompēī tōtum esse scīs#, _Fam._ 2, 13, 2, _you are aware that I am become Pompey’s, out and out_.

THE GENITIVE OF QUALITY.

1239. (2.) The genitive with an adjective in agreement is used to denote quality, either attributively or predicatively: as,

(_a._) Attributively: #magnī ponderis saxa#, 2, 29, 3, _stones of great weight_. #summae speī adulēscentēs#, 7, 63, 9, _young men of high promise_. #diērum vīgintī supplicātiō#, 4, 38, 5, _a twenty day thanksgiving_. #bēlua multōrum es capitum#, H. _E._ 1, 1, 76, _a many-headed beast art thou_. #eius modī cōnsilium#, 5, 29, 5, _such a plan_. #dēmittō auriculās ut inīquae mentis asellus#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 20, _I drop my ears like Neddy in the sulks_ (269). #vāllō pedum IX#, 5, 42, 1, _with a nine foot palisade_. (_b._) Predicatively: #magnae habitus auctōritātis#, 7, 77, 3, _passing for a man of great influence_. #flūminis erat altitūdō circiter pedum trium#, 2, 18, 3, _the depth of the river was about three feet_. The genitive of quality resembles the ablative of quality (1375); the two are sometimes combined: as, #hominem maximī corporis terribilīque faciē#, N. 15, 4, 1, _a man of gigantic frame and with an awe-inspiring presence_. But the genitive is common in designations of size and number.

1240. A substantive expressing quality with #aequus#, #pār#, #similis#, or #dissimilis# in agreement, is put not in the genitive, but in the ablative, by Cicero, Caesar, Nepos, and Livy.

THE PARTITIVE GENITIVE.

1241. (3.) The partitive genitive denotes a whole of which the limited substantive denotes a part. There are two kinds of partitive genitive, the numerical and the quantitative: as,

(_a._) #mīlitum pars#, 6, 40, 8, _part of the soldiers_, numerical partitive (1242). (_b._) #multum aestātis#, 5, 22, 4, _much of the summer_, quantitative partitive (1247).

1242. (_a._) The numerical partitive is a plural or a collective, limiting a word expressing part of the number: as,

#mīlitum pars#, 6, 40, 8, _part of the soldiers_. #pars equitātūs#, 4, 16, 2, _part of the cavalry_. #alter cōnsulum#, L. 6, 35, 5, _one of the two consuls_. #uter est īnsānior hōrum?# H. _S._ 2, 3, 102, _which of these two is crazier?_ #eōrum neuter#, _Pis._ 62, _neither of the two_. #multae istārum arborum#, _CM._ 59, _many of the trees you see there_. #quis omnium mortālium?# _V._ 5, 179, _who among all the sons of men?_ #nēmō nostrūm#, _RA._ 55, _not one of us_. #nihil hōrum#, _RA._ 138, _none of these things_. #Stertinius, sapientum octāvus#, H. _S._ 2, 3, 296, _Stertinius, of sages eighth_. #ō maior iuvenum#, H. _AP._ 366, _O elder of the youths_. #hōrum omnium fortissimī sunt Belgae#, 1, 1, 3, _of all these the stoutest fighters are the Belgians_. Also with superlative adverbs: as, #deōrum maximē Mercurium colunt#, Ta. _G._ 9, _of the gods, they revere Mercury most_. #minumē gentium#, Pl. _Poen._ 690, T. _Eu._ 625, _no, never in the world_.

1243. #uterque#, _each_, _both_, often takes the genitive plural of a pronoun: as, #quōrum uterque#, #uterque eōrum#, #hōrum#, #nostrūm#, &c.; sometimes of a substantive and pronoun combined: as, #utriusque hārum rērum#, _TD._ 1, 65, _of each of these things_. #quārum cīvitātum utraque#, _V._ 5, 56, _each of these communities_. With a substantive alone, it is oftener attributive: as, #uterque dux#, _Marc._ 24, _each commander_; and sometimes with neuter pronouns: as, #quod utrumque#, Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 1, 1, N. 25, 2, 4. The plural #utrīque# is used both ways: as, #ab utrīsque vestrūm#, _Fam._ 11, 21, 5, and #ab utrīsque nōbīs#, Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 20, 3.

1244. The plurals #tot#, #totidem#, and #quot#, are not used partitively, and #omnēs# and #cūnctī# only so by poets and late prose writers. #plērīque# is used either way, in agreement, or with the genitive.

1245. The numerical partitive is exceptionally used in poetry with the positive of a descriptive adjective: as, #sāncte deōrum#, V. 4, 576, _thou holy of the gods_. And in late prose, particularly with words denoting a class of persons: as, #cum dēlēctīs peditum#, L. 26, 5, 3, _with the pick of the infantry_. #levīs cohortium#, Ta. 3, 39, _the light-armed of the cohorts_.

1246. Instead of the numerical partitive, a prepositional expression with #ante#, #inter#, or #in#, or with #ex# or #dē#, is sometimes used: as, #ante aliōs acceptissimus#, L. 1, 15, 8, _most welcome before others_. So particularly #quīdam# and #ūnus#, #duo#, #trēs#, with #ex# or #dē#: as, #quīdam ex hīs#, 2, 17, 2, _one of these_. #ūnus dē multīs#, _Fin._ 2, 66, _one of the common herd_. But #ūnus# sometimes has the genitive: as, #ūnus multōrum#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 71. And usually so in a series, when #ūnus# is followed by #alter#, #alius#, #tertius#, &c.

1247. (_b._) The quantitative partitive is usually a singular, limiting a neuter singular word denoting amount. The limited word is either a nominative, or an accusative without a preposition. This genitive often borders very closely on the genitive of definition (1255): as,

#multum aestātis#, 5, 22, 4, _much of the summer_. #amplius obsidum#, 6, 9, 7, _something more extensive in the way of hostages_. #minus dubitātiōnis#, 1, 14, 1, _less of hesitation_. #quam minimum spatiī#, 3, 19, 1, _as little time as possible_. #id aetātis#, _DO._ 1, 207, _at that time of life_. #id temporis#, _Fin._ 5, 1, _at that time of day_. #quid causae est?# _Ac._ 1, 10, _what earthly reason is there?_ #hoc litterulārum#, _Att._ 12, 1, 1, _this apology for a letter_, or _this hasty line_. #hoc sibī̆ sōlācī prōpōnēbant#, 7, 15, 2, _they laid this flattering unction to their souls_.

1248. Such neuters are: #multum#, #plērumque#, #plūrimum#, #amplius#, #plūs#, #paulum#, #minus#, #minimum#, #tantum#, #quantum#, #tantundem#, #nimium#; in poetry and late prose, also many other adjectives singular and plural. Furthermore, #id#, #hoc#, #illud#, #quod#, #quid#, &c., and #nihil#; also #abunde#, #adfatim#, #largiter#, #nimis#, #partim#, #parum#, and #satis#.

1249. A few adjectives of place and time indicating a particular part of an object, are commonly used in immediate agreement with their substantives: as,

#summus mōns#, 1, 22, 1, _the highest part of the mountain_, or _the mountain-top_. #extrēmā hieme, mediā aestāte#, _IP._ 35, _at the end of the winter, in midsummer_. Such are: #prīmus#, #intimus#, #medius#, #extrēmus#, #postrēmus#, #ūltimus#, #summus#, #īnfimus#, #īmus#, #reliquus#. But the neuter is sometimes used partitively: as, #aestātis extrēmum erat#, S. _I._ 90, 1, _it was the end of summer_. #summa pectoris#, _Fam._ 1, 9, 15, _the upper parts of the breast_.

1250. The limiting genitive is often the neuter singular of an adjective used substantively: as,

#aliquid bonī#, T. _Andr._ 398, _something good_. #aliquid malī#, T. _Eu._ 999, _something bad_. #numquid tandem novī?# _Br._ 10, _nothing new, pray?_ This use is ordinarily confined to stems in #-o-#; rarely otherwise: as, #plūs inānis#, Lucr. 1, 365, _more of the void_: and usually only when joined with an #-o-# stem: as, #nihil solidī, nihil ēminentis#, _DN._ 1, 75, _no solidity, no projection_.

1251. The partitive construction sometimes extends to the predicate: as, #id erit sīgnī mē invītum facere#, _RA._ 83, _this will be something of an indication that I act with reluctance_; #sīgnī# is here in the predicate, and yet made dependent on #id#. #quid ergō est tuī cōnsulī?# Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 1, 3, _what then is your advice?_ #quid suī cōnsilī sit ostendit#, 1, 21, 2, _he explains what his plan is_. #quid est enim huic reliquī?# _Sull._ 89, _for what is there left for my client?_ #hī mīlitēs nihil reliquī victīs fēcēre#, S. _C._ 11, 7, _these soldiers left nothing over to the conquered_. #nihil ad celeritātem sibī̆ reliquī fēcērunt#, 2, 26, 5, _as for speed, they left no effort unspared_.

1252. The accusative with a preposition also sometimes has the genitive, as, #in id redāctus sum locī#, T. _Ph._ 979, _I am reduced to such a strait_. #ad id locī#, S. _C._ 45, 3, _to that spot_. #ad id locōrum#, S. _I._ 63, 6, _up to that time_. #in multum diēī#, L. 9, 44, 11, _till late in the day_. In Cicero, also the ablatives #eō#, #eōdem#, and #quō#, with #locī#: as, #eō locī#, _Sest._ 68, _in that position_. And in later writers, other ablatives, with or without a preposition, also have a genitive.

1253. Some appellatives of place are put in the genitive with adverbs of place: as, #ubinam gentium?# Pl. _Mer._ 434, _C._ 1, 9, _where in the world?_ #nusquam gentium#, T. _Ad._ 540, _nowhere in the world_. Similarly, #locī# with adverbs of time or order, as with #intereā# in Plautus and Terence, #postideā# in Plautus, #posteā# in Sallust, and #inde# in Lucretius; also #locōrum# with #adhūc# and #postid# in Plautus.

1254. In Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus, genitives of abstracts are used with the adverbs #eō#, #quō#, and #hūc#: as, #eō miseriārum#, S. _I._ 14, 3, _to that pitch of distress_. Ones with #ut#: #ut quisque audentiae habuisset, adcurrerent#, Ta. 15, 53, _they should run up, with a speed commensurate in every case to their daring_.

[Errata: 1241 ... (_b._) . invisible 1242a ... #Stertinius, sapientum octāvus# octāvos 1250 ... Lucr. 1, 365 1. 365]

THE GENITIVE OF DEFINITION.

1255. (4.) The genitive is used to define that of which a thing consists: as,

#magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum#, 3, 17, 4, _a perfect swarm of desperadoes_. #innumerābile pondus aurī#, _Sest._ 93, _a weight of gold too great to count_. #mīlle numerō nāvium clāssem#, _V._ 1, 48, _an armada a thousand sail strong_.

1256. The genitive of an explicit word containing the leading idea is sometimes used to define a more general word; as,

#praedae pecudum hominumque#, L. 24, 20, 5, _booty consisting of cattle and human beings_. #pignora coniugum ac līberōrum#, L. 2, 1, 5, _pledges in the shape of wives and children_. #cōnfīsus mūnītiōne fossae#, Caes. _C._ 1, 42, 3, _relying on the defensive works in the shape of a moat_. Rarely in poetry and late prose, the proper name of a place, with #urbs#, #prōmunturium#, &c.: as, #urbem Patavī#, V., 1, 247, _the city of Patavium_ (1045). Particularly with the words #vōx#, #nōmen#, #genus#, and especially #causa#: as, #haec vōx voluptātis#, _Fin._ 2, 6, _this word ‘pleasure.’_ #nōmen amīcitiae#, _Fin._ 2, 78, _the name ‘friendship.’_ Compare #nōmen frāternum#, 1, 36, 5, _the name of brothers_ (1233). #haec īgnōminiae causa#, _Clu._ 120, _this reason, namely the censor’s stigma_. #parvulae causae vel falsae suspīciōnis vel terrōris repentīnī#, Caes. _C._ 3, 72, 4, _insignificant causes, as for instance ungrounded suspicion or a panic_. #propter eam causam sceleris istīus#, _V._ 4, 113, _for this reason, namely the crime of the defendant_.

1257. The genitive of definition is very common with #causā#, less common with #grātiā#, to define what the motive or cause is: as,

#amīcitiae causā#, 1, 39, 2, _from motives of friendship_. Compare #vestrā magis hoc causā volēbam, quam meā#, _DO._ 1, 164, _I wished this more for your sake than for my own_ (1234). #honestātis amplitūdinisque grātiā#, _RA._ 15, _in compliment to their respectability and high social standing_. So also sometimes with #nōmine#, and in old or official Latin, with #ergō#.

1258. Conversely, the genitive of a generic word denoting a person is sometimes added to a leading word defining the kind of a person: as, #frūstum puerī#, Pl. _Per._ 849, _thou bit of a boy_. #mōnstrum hominis#, T. _Eu._ 696, _thou fiend in human shape_. #quaedam pestēs hominum#, _Fam._ 5, 8, 2, _some regular plagues in the shape of men_.

1259. #quidquid est#, #quantum est#, #quod est#, or #quodcumque est#, with a genitive, is equivalent to an emphatic #omnis#: as, #quidquid patrum est#, L. 3, 17, 5, _whatever there is in the shape of senators_, i.e. _every single senator_. #quod est pecūniae, trādit#, Caes. _C._ 2, 20, 8, _what there is in the-way of money, he hands over_. Similarly #tantum# for #tot#: as, #tantum hominum#, Pl. _Poen._ 619, _such a mass of men_.

THE OBJECTIVE GENITIVE.

1260. (5.) The objective genitive denotes the object of the action expressed in the limited substantive: as,

#metus hostium#, Gell. 9, 12, 13, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. which is felt towards them. #vēnditiō bonōrum#, _RA._ 110, _sale of the goods_. #lūctū fīlī#, _DO._ 2, 193, _from grief for his son_. This construction is freely used, even when the parallel verb has a dative, an ablative, or a prepositional expression: as, #fīdūciā locī#, 7, 19, 2, _from confidence in the position_. #līberātiōnem culpae#, _Lig._ 1, _acquittal from guilt_. #mīlitiae vacātiōnem#, 6, 14, 1, _exemption from military service_. #opīniōne trium legiōnum dēiectus#, 5, 48, 1, _disappointed in his hope of three legions_. #deōrum opīniō#, _TD._ 1, 30, _a conception of the gods_. #miserrima est contentiō honōrum#, _Off._ 1, 87, _a scramble for office is a pitiful thing_.

1261. Instead of the objective genitive, a prepositional expression is sometimes used with greater precision: as,

#metus ā vī atque īrā deōrum#, _DN._ 1, 45, _fear of the might and wrath of the gods_. So especially the accusative, usually denoting a person, with #in#, #ergā#, or #adversus#, combined with substantives denoting feeling: as, #odium in hominum ūniversum genus#, _TD._ 4, 25, _hatred to all mankind_. #vestra ergā mē voluntās#, _C._ 4, 1, _your good-will towards me_.

1262. A possessive pronoun or adjective is sometimes used for the objective genitive: as,

(_a._) #odiō tuō#, T. _Ph._ 1016, _from hate to thee_. #tuā fīdūciā#, _V._ 5, 176, _from his reliance on you_. #aspectūque suō#, Lucr. 1, 91, _and at the sight of her_. (_b._) #metus hostīlis#, S. _I._ 41, 2, _fear felt of the enemy_. #servīlis percontātiō#, _DO._ 2, 327, _crossquestioning of the servant-girls_. #firmus adversus mīlitārem largītiōnem#, Ta. _H._ 2, 82, _dead-set against any largess to the military_.

II. THE GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

1263. (1.) The genitive is used with many adjectives to denote the object.