A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
Part 25
ab-olēscō, _vanish away_ ab-olēscere ab-olēvī ---- ad-olēscō, _grow up_ ad-olēscere ad-olēvī ad-ultus con-cupīscō, _hanker for_ con-cupīscere con-cupīvī con-cupītus -dormīscō, _fall asleep_ -dormīscere -dormīvī ---- ex-olēscō, _grow out_ ex-olēscere ex-olēvī ex-olētus in-veterāscō, _get set_ in-veterāscere in-veterāvī ---- obs-olēscō, obs-olēscere obs-olēvī obs-olētus _get worn out_ adj. quiēscō, _get still_ quiēscere quiēvī quiētus adjective re-sipīscō, _come to_ re-sipīscere re-sipīvī ---- suēscō, _get used_ suēscere suēvī suētus vesperāscit, _gets dusk_ vesperāscere vesperāvit ----
969. (_c._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
cupiō, _want_ cupere cupīvī cupītus
Once with a form in #-īre# (791), #cupīret# (Lucr.).
sapiō, _have a smack_ sapere sapīvī ----
Compounds have #i# for #a#: as, #re-sipiō#, &c.
970. (_d._) With the present stem in #-ss{o|e-}# (375).
ar-cēssō, _send for_ ar-cēssere ar-cēssīvī ar-cēssītus
Sometimes #ac-cersō#, &c.; infinitive rarely #ar-cēssīrī# or #ac-cersīrī#.
capēssō, _undertake_ capēssere capēssīvī ---- facēssō, _do_, _make off_ facēssere facēssīvī facēssītus
Perfect system rare: #facēssierīs# or #facēsserīs# (Cic.), #facēssīsset# (Tac.).
in-cēssō, _attack_ in-cēssere in-cēssīvī ---- lacēssō, _provoke_ lacēssere lacēssīvī lacēssītus
[Erratum: 967 ... (Verg., Ov., Phaedr., Sen., Luc., Suet.) Verg, Ov.,]
PERFECT STEM IN #-u-#.
971. (3.) The following verbs in #-ere# have the perfect stem in #-u-# (873), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#; in some participles #-tus# is preceded by a short #i#, thus, #-itus# (910):
972. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
alō, _bring up_ alere aluī altus, rarely alitus colō, _till_, colere coluī cultus _stay round_, _court_ con-cinō, _chime with_ con-cinere con-cinuī ----
A compound of #canō# (924, 823). See also #oc-cinō# and #prae-cinō#.
cōn-sulō, _consult_ cōn-sulere cōn-suluī cōn-sultus depsō, _knead_ depsere depsuī depstus fremō, _growl_ fremere fremuī ---- gemō, _groan_ gemere gemuī ---- molō, _grind_ molere moluī molitus oc-cinō, _sing ominously_ oc-cinere oc-cinuī ----
Once with reduplication, #oc-cecinerit# (Liv.).
oc-culō, _hide_ oc-culere oc-culuī oc-cultus pīsō, pīnsō, _bray_ pīsere, pīnsere pīnsuī, pīsīvī pistus
Once (818, 847) #pīnsībant# (Enn.). Perfect once #pīnsuī# (Pomp.), once (823, 893) #pīsiērunt# (Varr.). Perfect participle often #pīnsītus# (Col.), once #pīnsus# (Vitr.).
pōnō, _place_ pōnere po-suī po-situs
A compound of #po-# and #sinō# (964). Perfect in old Latin #po-sīvī# (893); #po-suī# is first used by Ennius (875). Perfect participle in verse sometimes, #po-stus#, #-po-stus#; inf. #inposīsse# (Plaut.).
prae-cinō, _play before_ prae-cinere prae-cinuī ---- serō, _string_ serere -seruī sertus stertō, _snore_ stertere (dē-stertuī) ---- strepō, _make a racket_ strepere strepuī ---- texō, _weave_ texere texuī textus tremō, _quake_ tremere tremuī ---- vomō, _throw up_ vomere vomuī ----
973. (_b._) With reduplication and #{-o|e-}# in the present stem (829).
gignō, _beget_ gignere genuī genitus
Present sometimes also without reduplication, #genit#, &c. (Varr., Lucr.).
974. (_c._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
ac-cumbō, _lie by_ ac-cumbere ac-cubuī ac-cubitus
So also #in-cumbō#; #dis-cumbō# has #dis-cubuī#, #dis-cubitum#. Compounds with #dē#, #ob#, #prō#, #re-#, and #sub#, have #-cubuī#, #----#.
975. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
ē-liciō, _coax out_ ē-licere ē-licuī ē-licitus rapiō, _seize_ rapere rapuī raptus
Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present and perfect systems, and #e# in the perfect participle: as, #ē-ripiō#, #ē-ripere#, #ē-ripuī#, #ē-reptus#. Old Latin has #u# in #dē-rupier# and in #sub-rupiō#, #sub-rupere#, #sub-rupuī#, #sub-ruptus#; shortened forms are: #surpuit#, #surpuerit# (Plaut.), #surpit# (Plaut. prol.), #surpere# (Lucr.), #surpite#, #surpuerat# (Hor.). For #sub-repsit# (Plaut.), see 887.
976. (_e._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (835); for #com-pēscuī#, see 855.
acēscō, _get sour_ acēscere -acuī ---- alēscō, _grow up_ alēscere (co-aluī) (co-alitus) ārēscō, _dry up_ ārēscere -āruī ---- calēscō, _get warm_ calēscere -caluī ---- candēscō, _get white_ candēscere -canduī ---- cānēscō, _get grey_ cānēscere cānuī ---- clārēscō, _get bright_ clārēscere clāruī ---- com-pescō, _check_ com-pescere com-pescuī ---- con-ticēscō, con-ticēscere con-ticuī ---- _get all still_
Also in the present system, #con-ticīscō#, #con-ticīscere#, &c.
crēbrēscō, _get common_ crēbrēscere -crēbruī ---- crūdēscō, _wax bad_ crūdēscere (re-crūduī) ---- -dolēscō, _get pained_ -dolēscere -doluī ---- dūrēscō, _get hard_ dūrēscere dūruī ---- ē-vīlēscō, _get cheap_ ē-vīlēscere ē-vīluī ---- fervēscō, _boil up_ fervēscere -ferbuī, -fervī ---- flōrēscō, _blossom out_ flōrēscere -flōruī ---- horrēscō, _bristle up_ horrēscere -horruī ---- languēscō, _get weak_ languēscere languī ---- latēscō, _hide away_ latēscere -lituī ---- liquēscō, _melt_ liquēscere (dē-licuī) ---- madēscō, _get moist_ madēscere maduī ---- marcēscō, _pine away_ marcēscere (ē-marcuī) ---- mātūrēscō, _ripen_ mātūrēscere mātūruī ---- nigrēscō, _get black_ nigrēscere nigruī ---- nōtēscō, _get known_ nōtēscere nōtuī ---- ob-mūtēscō, _get still_ ob-mūtēscere ob-mūtuī ---- ob-surdēscō, _get deaf_ ob-surdēscere ob-surduī ---- oc-callēscō, _get hard_ oc-callēscere oc-calluī ---- pallēscō, _grow pale_ pallēscere palluī ---- pūtēscō, _get soaked_ pūtēscere pūtuī ---- rigēscō, _stiffen up_ rigēscere riguī ---- rubēscō, _redden_ rubēscere rubuī ---- sānēscō, _get well_ sānēscere -sānuī ---- senēscō, _grow old_ senēscere -senuī ---- stupēscō, _get dazed_ stupēscere (ob-stupuī) ----
Also #op-stipēscō# or #ob-stipēscō#, #op-stipuī# or #ob-stipuī#.
tābēscō, _waste away_ tābēscere tābuī ---- tepēscō, _get lukewarm_ tepēscere tepuī ---- -timēscō, _get scared_ -timēscere -timuī ---- torpēscō, _get numb_ torpēscere torpuī ---- tremēscō, _quake_ tremēscere (con-tremuī) ----
Also in the present system, #con-tremīscō#, #con-tremīscere#, &c.
tumēscō, _swell up_ tumēscere -tumuī ---- valēscō, _get strong_ valēscere -valuī ---- vānēscō, _wane_ vānēscere (ē-vānuī) ----
[Errata: 972. (_a._) . invisible Once (818, 847) #pīnsībant# pīnsībart 976 ... for #com-pēscuī#, see 855. final . missing]
DEPONENTS IN #-ī#.
977. (1.) The following deponents in #-ī# have the perfect participle in #-tus#, except #morior#, which has #-tuus#:
978. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
fruor, _enjoy_ fruī frūctus loquor, _speak_ loquī locūtus queror, _complain_ querī questus sequor, _follow_ sequī secūtus
979. (_b._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
fungor, _get quit_ fungī fūnctus
980. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
apīscor, _lay hold of_ apīscī aptus
Compounds have #i# and #e# for #a#: as, #ad-ipīscor#, #ad-ipīscī#, #ad-eptus#.
com-minīscor, _devise_ com-minīscī com-mentus ex-pergīscor, _stretch myself_, ex-pergīscī ex-per-rēctus _wake_
Perfect participle rarely #ex-pergitus# (Lucil., Lucr.).
nancīscor, _get_ nancīscī nactus, nānctus nāscor, _am born_ nāscī nātus ob-līvīscor, _forget_ ob-līvīscī ob-lītus pacīscor, _bargain_ pacīscī pactus
Compounds: #dē-pecīscor#, #dē-pecīscī#, #dē-pectus#; #com-pectus#.
pro-ficīscor, _start on_ pro-ficīscī pro-fectus ulcīscor, _avenge_ ulcīscī ultus
981. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
morior, _die_ morī mortuus orior, _rise_ orīrī ortus potior, _master_ potīrī potītus
For forms in #-īrī# of these three verbs, see 791. For #potīrī#, twice #potī# (Enn., Pac.).
982. (2.) The following deponents in #-ī# have the perfect participle in #-sus# (912):
983. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
lābor, _tumble down_ lābī lapsus nītor, _rest on_ nītī nīsus, nīxus ūtor, _use_ ūtī ūsus
984. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
dē-fetīscor, _get tired out_ dē-fetīscī dē-fessus
985. (_c._) With the present stem in #-t{o|e-}# (835).
am-plector, _hug round_ am-plectī am-plexus com-plector, _hug up_ com-plectī com-plexus
986. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
gradior, _step_ gradī gressus patior, _suffer_ patī passus
Compounds of these two verbs have #e# for #a#: as, #ad-gredior#, #per-petior#, #per-pessus#; for forms of #-gredior# in #-īrī#, see 791.
[Erratum: 978. (_a_.) (_a_).]
II. DENOMINATIVE VERBS.
987. Most verbs in #-āre#, #-ēre#, and #-īre# (or in #-ārī#, #-ērī#, and #-īrī#), are denominatives.
988. Some primitives from vowel roots have the form of denominatives in the present system, or throughout; and some verbs with a denominative present system have the perfect and perfect participle formed directly from a root.
(1.) VERBS IN #-āre#.
(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.
989. (1.) The following verb in #-āre# has a reduplicated perfect stem (859):
stō, _stand_ stāre stetī ----
For #-stitī#, see 860. The compound #prae-stō# has rarely the perfect participle #prae-stātus# (Brut., Plin.), and #prae-stitus# (Liv.).
990. (2.) The following verbs in #-āre# have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in #-v-# and has a long vowel (864), and the perfect participle in #-tus#:
iuvō, _help_ iuvāre iūvī iūtus once
In the perfect system, #iuverint#, #adiuverō#, and #adiuverit# occur once each in Catull., Enn., Plaut., and Ter.; see 891. Perfect participle usual only in the compound #ad-iūtus#.
lavō, _bathe_ lavāre lāvī lautus
Forms in #-ere# are very common in the present tense (820): #lavis# (Plaut., Hor.), #lavit# (Plaut., Lucr., Catull., Verg., Hor.), #lavimus# (Hor.), #lavitur# (Val. Fl.), #lavitō# (Cato), #lavere# often, #lavī# (Pomp.). Perfect participle often #lōtus# in writers of the empire; supine, #lautum#, #lavātum#.
[Erratum: 990 ... once each in Catull., Enn., Plaut., and Ter.; and Ter;]
(B.) PERFECT STEM IN #-v-# OR #-u-#.
PERFECT STEM IN #-v-#.
991. (1_a_.) Two verbs in #-āre# have the perfect stem in #-v-# (869), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#, both preceded by a long #-ā-# of the root:
flō, _blow_ flāre flāvī flātus nō, _swim_ nāre nāvī ----
992. (1_b_.) Most verbs in #-āre# have the perfect stem in #-v-# (869), and the perfect participle in #-tus#, both preceded by a form of the present stem in long #-ā-#: as,
laudō, _praise_ laudāre laudāvī laudātus līberō, _free_ līberāre līberāvī līberātus nōminō, _name_ nōmināre nōmināvī nōminātus spērō, _hope_ spērāre spērāvī spērātus
PERFECT STEM IN #-u-#.
993. (2.) The following verbs in #-āre# have the perfect stem in #-u# (874), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#; in some participles, #-tus# is preceded by a short #i#, thus, #-itus# (910):
crepō, _rattle_ crepāre crepuī (in-crepitus)
Forms of the perfect system in #-v-# (823) are: #in-crepāvit# (Plaut.), #dis-crepāvit# (Varr.), #in-crepārit# (Suet.).
cubō, _lie_ cubāre cubuī ----
Forms of the perfect system in #-v-# (823) are: #ex-cubāverant# (Caes.), #cubāris# (Prop.), #in-cubāvēre# (Plin.), #cubāsse# (Quintil.). Compound perfect participle #in-cubitus# (Plin.).
domō, _tame_ domāre domuī domitus ē-necō, _murder_ ē-necāre ē-necuī ē-nectus
The simple verb has #necāvī#, #necātus#; twice #necuit# (Enn., Phaedr.). #ē-necō# sometimes has #i# for #e# in the present and perfect system; once (823) #ē-nicāvit#, and once (887) #ē-nicāssō# (Plaut.); perfect participle also #ē-necātus# (Plin.).
fricō, _rub down_ fricāre fricuī frictus
Perfect participle also #fricātus# (Vitr.), #cōn-fricātus# (Varr., Plin.), #dē-fricātus# (Catull., Col., Plin.), #īn-fricātus# (Col., Plin.), #per-fricātus# (Vitr., Plin.).
micō, _quiver_ micāre micuī ----
So the compounds; except #dī-micō#, #dī-micāvī#, #dī-micātum#; twice in pentameter verse (823) #dī-micuisse# (Ov.).
-plicō, _fold_ -plicāre -plicuī -plicitus
A few forms of the present system of the simple verb occur. In the perfect and perfect participle usually #-plicāvī#, #-plicātus#; but sometimes #ap-plicuī# (Cic. once, Tib., Ov., Liv., Sen., &c.); #com-plicuī# (Sen.), #ex-plicuī# (Verg., Hor., Liv., Sen., &c.), #im-plicuī# (Verg., Tib., Ov., Sen., &c.); #ap-plicitus# (Col., Quintil., Plin. _Ep._), #ex-plicitus# (Caes., Sen., Plin. _Ep._), #im-plicitus# (Plaut., Cic., Liv.); once #re-plictus# (Stat.).
secō, _cut_ secāre secuī sectus
The compound with #ex# sometimes has #i# for #e#; once (823) #exicāveris# (Cato).
sonō, _sound_ sonāre sonuī ----
Also (820) #sonit#, #sonunt# (Enn., Acc.), #sonere# (Acc., Lucr.); #re-sonunt# (Enn.). Perfect (823) #re-sonārint# (Hor.), #re-sonāvit# (Man.), #sonātūrus# (Hor.).
tonō, _thunder_ tonāre tonuī (at-tonitus)
Once (820) #tonimus# (Varr.). Perfect participle once #in-tonātus# (Hor.).
vetō, _forbid_ vetāre vetuī vetitus
In old Latin, #votō#, &c. (143). Perfect once (823) #vetāvit# (Pers.).
[Erratum: 993 ... #re-sonāvit# (Man.), #sonātūrus# (Hor.). final . missing]
DEPONENTS IN #-ārī#.
994. There are many deponents in #-ārī#, with the perfect participle in #-ātus#: as,
hortor, _exhort_ hortārī hortātus
For the primitive #fārī#, _speak_, and compounds, see the dictionary.
(2.) VERBS IN #-ēre#.
(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.
995. (1.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have a reduplicated perfect stem (859), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-sus# (912):
mordeō, _bite_ mordēre momordī morsus
The compound #prae-mordeō# has once (823) #prae-morsisset# (Plaut.).
pendeō, _am hung_ pendēre pependī ----
The compound #prō-pendeō# has the perfect participle #prō-pēnsus#.
spondeō, _covenant_ spondēre spopondī spōnsus
For #dē-spondī# and #re-spondī#, see 860; rarely #dē-spopondī# (Plaut.).
tondeō, _shear_ tondēre -totondī, -tondī tōnsus
For #dē-tondunt# (Varr.), see 821. Perfect only in the compounds #at-tondī# and #dē-tondī# (860); once #dē-totonderat# (Varr.), and perhaps #dē-totondit# (Enn.).
996. (2_a_.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in #-v-# and has a long vowel (864), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
caveō, _look out_ cavēre cāvī cautus faveō, _am friendly_ favēre fāvī ---- foveō, _warm_, _cherish_ fovēre fōvī fōtus moveō, _move_ movēre mōvī mōtus
For short forms in the perfect system, particularly in compounds, see 891.
voveō, _vow_ vovēre vōvī vōtus
997. (2_b_.) Three verbs in #-ēre# have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (864), and the perfect participle in #-sus# (912):
sedeō, _sit_ sedēre sēdī -sessus
Real compounds have #i# for #e# in the present system: as, #ob-sideō#, &c. Compounds with #dis-#, #prae#, and #re-# have no perfect participle.
strīdeō, _grate_ strīdēre strīdī ----
Often with a present system in #-ere# (821).
videō, _see_ vidēre vīdī vīsus
998. (3.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have a perfect stem ending in two consonants (866), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-sus# (912):
ferveō, _boil_ fervēre fervī, ferbuī ----
Sometimes with forms in #-ere# (821) in verse. The perfect system is rare.
prandeō, _lunch_ prandēre prandī prānsus
(B.) PERFECT STEM IN #-s-#, OR IN #-v-# OR #-u-#.
PERFECT STEM IN #-s-#.
999. (1_a_.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have the perfect stem in #-s-# (868), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
augeō, _increase_ augēre auxī auctus in-dulgeō, _am kind_ in-dulgēre in-dulsī ---- lūceō, _beam_ lūcēre lūxī ---- lūgeō, _mourn_ lūgēre lūxī ---- torqueō, _twist_ torquēre torsī tortus
1000. (1_b_.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have the perfect stem in #-s-# (868), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-sus# (912):
algeō, _feel cold_ algēre alsī ---- ardeō, _blaze_ ardēre arsī ---- cō-nīveō, _wink and blink_ cō-nīvēre cō-nīxī, cō-nīvī ----
The perfects #cō-nīxī# (Turp.), #cō-nīvī# (Crass.), occur once each.
fulgeō, _flash_ fulgēre fulsī ----
Forms of the present in #-ere# (821) occur in verse: #fulgit# (Pomp., Lucil., Lucr.), #fulgere# (Pac., Acc., Lucil., Lucr., Verg.); #ef-fulgere# (Verg., Claud.).
haereō, _stick_ haerēre haesī ---- iubeō, _order_ iubēre iussī iussus
In old Latin, IOVBEO, after IOVSI (IVSI); later #iussī#, #iussus#, after #iubeō#.
maneō, _stay_ manēre mānsī mānsum mulceō, _stroke_ mulcēre mulsī mulsus adjective
Perfect participle #per-mulsus# rare (Cornif., Varr.).
mulgeō, _milk_ mulgēre mulsī mulsus once rīdeō, _laugh_ rīdēre rīsī -rīsus suādeō, _advise_ suādēre suāsī suāsus tergeō, _wipe_ tergēre tersī tersus
For forms in #-ere# in the present, as #tergit#, &c. (Varr., Prop., Stat., Col.), see 821.
turgeō, _am swelling_ turgēre tursī once ----
Of the perfect system, #turserat# (Enn.).
urgeō, _push_ urgēre ursī ----
[Erratum: 999 ... lūgeō, _mourn_ lūgeo]
PERFECT STEM IN #-v-# OR #-u-#.
PERFECT STEM IN #-v-#.
1001. (1_a_.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have the perfect stem in #-v-# (869), and the perfect participle in #-tus#, both preceded by a long #-ē-# of the root:
dē-leō, _wipe out_ dē-lēre dē-lēvī dē-lētus fleō, _weep_ flēre flēvī flētus neō, _spin_ nēre nēvī ----
For #neunt# (Tib.), see 837.
-pleō, _fill_ -plēre -plēvī -plētus
1002. (1_b_.) The following verb in #-ēre# has the perfect stem in #-v-# (869), preceded by long #-ī-#, and the perfect participle in #-tus#, preceded by short #-i-# of the root:
cieō, _set a going_ ciēre cīvī citus
Somewhat defective; also with a form in #-īre# (821). For the perfect participle of compounds, see 919.
1003. (1_c_.) The following verb in #-ēre# has the perfect stem in #-v-# (869), and the perfect participle in #-itus# (910):
ab-oleō, _destroy_ ab-olēre ab-olēvī ab-olitus
PERFECT STEM IN #-u-#.
1004. (2_a_.) Most verbs in #-ēre# have the perfect stem in #-u-# (874), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#, which is usually preceded by a short #i# (910): as,
doceō, _teach_ docēre docuī doctus habeō, _have_ habēre habuī habitus
So also #post-habeō#; other compounds have #i# for #a#: as, #pro-hibeō#, #pro-hibēre#, #pro-hibuī#, #pro-hibitus#; twice contracted, #prōbet#, #prōbeat# (Lucr.). Compounds with #dē# and #prae# are regularly contracted, #dēbeō#, #praebeō#, &c.: but in Plautus once #de-hibuistī#, and regularly #prae-hibeō#, &c., throughout.
mereō, _earn_ merēre meruī meritus
Often deponent (800): #mereor#, #merērī#, #meritus#.
misceō, _mix_ miscēre miscuī mixtus, mistus
The present stem is an extension of the suffix #-sc{o|e-}# (834); #-sc-# of the present runs over into the perfect.
moneō, _advise_ monēre monuī monitus placeō, _am pleasing_ placēre placuī placitus
So the compounds #com-placeō# and #per-placeō#; #dis-pliceō# has #i# for #a# throughout.
taceō, _hold my tongue_ tacēre tacuī tacitus adjective
The compound #re-ticeō# has #i# for #a# and no perfect participle.
teneō, _hold_ tenēre tenuī -tentus
Compounds have #i# for #e# in the present and perfect: as, #dē-tineō#, #dē-tinuī#, #dē-tentus#.
terreō, _scare_ terrēre terruī territus torreō, _roast_ torrēre torruī tostus
1005. (2_b_.) The following verb in #-ēre# has the perfect stem in #-u-# (874), and the perfect participle in #-sus# (912):
cēnseō, _count_, _rate_ cēnsēre cēnsuī cēnsus
1006. (3.) The following verbs in #-ēre# have the perfect stem in #-u-# (874), and no perfect participle (907):
arceō, _check_ arcēre arcuī ----
The compounds #co-erceō# and #ex-erceō# have #e# for #a#, and perfect participles #co-ercitus# and #ex-ercitus#.
caleō, _am warm_ calēre caluī ---- candeō, _glow white_ candēre canduī ---- careō, _have not_ carēre caruī ---- doleō, _ache_ dolēre doluī ---- egeō, _need_ egēre eguī ----
The compound #ind-igeō#, #ind-igēre#, #ind-iguī#, #----#, has #i# for #e#.
ē-mineō, _stick out_ ē-minēre ē-minuī ---- flōreō, _bloom_ flōrēre flōruī ---- horreō, _bristle up_ horrēre horruī ---- iaceō, _lie_ iacēre iacuī ---- lateō, _lie hid_ latēre latuī ---- liceō, _am rated_ licēre licuī ---- liqueō, _am melted_ liquēre licuī ---- madeō, _am soaked_ madēre maduī ---- niteō, _shine_ nitēre nituī ---- noceō, _am hurtful_ nocēre nocuī ---- oleō, _smell_ olēre oluī ----
For forms in #-ere# in the present system, see 821.
palleō, _look pale_ pallēre palluī ---- pāreō, _wait on_, _am obedient_ pārēre pāruī ---- pateō, _am open_ patēre patuī ---- rigeō, _am stiff_ rigēre riguī ---- sileō, _am silent_ silēre siluī ---- sorbeō, _suck up_ sorbēre sorbuī ----