A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
Part 24
919. As #citus#, so always #percitus# and #incitus# (once #incītus#, doubtful); usually #concitus#, rarely #concītus#; #excitus# and #excītus# equally common; always #accītus#. #ambītus# always has long #ī# (763). #āgnitus#, _recognized_, #cōgnitus#, _known_, and the adjectives #inclutus# or #inclitus#, _of high renown_, and #putus#, _clean_, have a short root vowel. For #dēfrūtum#, #dēfrutum#, see 134, 1.
LIST OF VERBS
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPAL PARTS.
920. I. The principal parts of root verbs and of verbs in #-ere# are formed in a variety of ways and are best learned separately for every verb (922-986).
921. II. The principal parts of verbs in #-āre#, #-ēre#, and #-īre#, are usually formed as follows:
laudō, _praise_ laudāre laudāvī laudātus moneō, _advise_ monēre monuī monitus audiō, _hear_ audīre audīvī audītus
For other formations, see 989-1022.
I. PRIMITIVE VERBS.
(A.) ROOT VERBS.
922. Root verbs have their principal parts as follows:
sum, _am_ esse ---- ---- ----, _become_, _get_, _am_ fore fuī ----
For #fuam#, &c., #forem#, &c., #fore#, see 750. #fuī#, &c., serves as the perfect system of #sum#.
pos-sum, _can_ pos-se ---- ---- ----, _can_ ---- potuī ----
#potuī#, &c., serves as the perfect system of #possum#. Of the present system of #potuī#, only #potēns#, _powerful_, is used, and only as an adjective.
dō, _give_, _put_ dare dedī datus
For compounds, see 757.
bibō, _drink_ bibere bibī pōtus
So the compounds, with the reduplication preserved in the perfect system (860).
serō, _sow_ serere sēvī satus
Compounds have #i# for #a# in the perfect participle: as, #cōn-situs#.
sistō, _set_ sistere -stitī, status rarely stitī inquam, _quoth I_ ---- inquiī once ---- eō, _go_ īre iī, itum, -itus very rarely īvī queō, _can_ quīre quīvī quitus ne-queō, _can’t_ ne-quīre ne-quīvī ne-quitus edō, _eat_ ēsse ēdī ēsus volō, _will_, velle voluī ---- _wish_, _want_ nōlō, _won’t_ nōlle nōluī ---- mālō, _like better_ mālle māluī ---- ferō, _carry_ ferre (tulī) (lātus)
For #tulī#, old #tetulī#, and #lātus#, see 780; for the perfect of #re-ferō#, 861.
(B.) VERBS IN #-ere#.
(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.
923. (1 _a_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have a reduplicated perfect stem (858), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
924. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
canō, _make music_ canere cecinī (cantātus)
For #con-cinō#, #oc-cinō#, and #prae-cinō#, see 971 and 823.
tendō, _stretch_ tendere tetendī tentus
For #tennitur# (Ter.), #dis-tennite# (Plaut.), see 166, 4; late participle #tēnsus#. Compounds have #-tendī# (860) and #-tentus#. But sometimes #ex-tēnsus#, and in late writers, #dē-tēnsus#, #dis-tēnsus#, #os-tēnsus#, and #re-tēnsus#.
925. (_b._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
pangō, _fix_ pangere pepigī, _agreed_ pāctus
In meaning, the perfect #pepigī# corresponds to #pacīscor#; #pānxit#, _made_, _set in verse_ (Enn.), #pānxerit#, _set_ (Col.), #pēgit# (Pac.), #pēgerit# (Cic.), _fixed_, once each. For #com-pingō# and #im-pingō#, see 938.
pungō, _punch_ pungere pupugī pūnctus
For #com-pungō# and #ex-pungō#, see 954 and 823.
tangō, _touch_ tangere tetigī tāctus
In old Latin: #tagō# (Turp.), #tagit#, #tagam# (Pac.). Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system: as, #con-tingō#, #con-tingere#, #con-tigī# (860), #con-tāctus#; in old Latin: #at-tigās# (Plaut., Ter., Acc., Pac.), #at-tigat# (Pac.), #at-tigātis# (Plaut., Pac.).
926. (_c._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
tollō, _take off_ tollere (sus-tulī) (sub-lātus)
As the perfect and perfect participle of #tollō# are appropriated by #ferō#, #tollō# takes those of #sus-tollō#. The original perfect is #tetulī# (860).
927. (_d._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
discō, _learn_ discere didicī ---- poscō, _demand_ poscere poposcī ----
For #poposcī#, see 855. For #-didicī# and #-poposcī#, see 860.
928. (_e._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
pariō, _bring forth_ parere peperī partus
For forms in #-īre#, see 791. #com-periō#, 1012; #re-periō#, 1011.
929. (1 _b_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have a reduplicated perfect stem (858), and the perfect participle, when used, is #-sus# (912).
930. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
cadō, _fall_ cadere cecidī -cāsus
Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system: as, #oc-cidō#, #oc-cidere#, #oc-cidī# (860), #oc-cāsus#. Rarely #e# in the present and perfect systems (Enn., Lucr., Varr.): as, #ac-cedere#, #ac-cedisset# (109). For the perfect of #re-cidō#, see 861.
caedō, _fell_, _cut_ caedere cecīdī caesus
Compounds have #ī# for #ae#: as, #ac-cīdō#, #ac-cīdere#, ac-cīdī (860), #ac-cīsus#.
parcō, _spare_ parcere pepercī ----
#pepercī#, &c. (regularly in Cic., Caes., Hor., Ov., Mart.; Nep. once; also Plaut. twice, Ter. once). Old #parsī#, &c. (Plaut. 8, Cato, Ter., Nov., Nep., once each); once #parcuit# (Naev.). Compounds: #com-perce# (Plaut.), #con-parsit# (Ter.), #in-perce#, #im-percitō#, #re-percis# (Plaut.), #re-parcent# (Lucr.).
pendō, _weigh_, _pay_ pendere pependī pēnsus
931. (_b._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
tundō, _pound_ tundere tutudī not used tūnsus
For the perfect of #re-tundō#, see 861; other compounds have the perfect #-tudī# (861), but once #con-tūdit# (Enn.). Perfect participle, #tūsus# (Plin., Mart.); compounds: #con-tūnsus# (Plin.), #con-tūsus# (Cato, Varr., Caes., Lucr., Sal., Verg., &c.); #ob-tūnsus# (Plaut., Verg., Liv., Sen.), #op-tūsus#, #ob-tūsus# (Lucr., Sen., Quintil., Tac.); #per-tūssus# (Plaut.), #per-tūsus# (Cato, Lucr., Liv., Sen., &c.); #re-tūnsus# (Plaut., Verg.), #re-tūsus# (Cic., Lucr., Hor.); #sub-tūsus# (Tib.).
932. (_c._) With the present stem in #-r{o|e-}#, or #-l{o|e-}# (833).
currō, _run_ currere cucurrī cursum
For perfect of compounds, see 860.
fallō, _cheat_ fallere fefellī falsus
Compound #re-fellō#, #re-fellere#, #re-fellī# (860), #----#.
pellō, _push_ pellere pepulī pulsus
For the perfect of #re-pellō#, see 861. Other compounds have #-pulī# (860).
933. (1 _c_.) The following verbs in #-ere# are without the reduplication (861):
934. (_a._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
findō, _split apart_ findere -fidī, rarely fidī fissus scindō, _rend_ scindere -scidī, rarely scidī scissus
935. (_b._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
per-cellō, _knock down_ per-cellere per-culī per-culsus
936. (2 _a_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (862), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
937. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
agō, _drive_ agere ēgī āctus
Real compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system: as, #ab-igō#, #ab-igere#, #ab-ēgī#, #ab-āctus#; but #per-agō# retains #a#. #cōgō# and #dēgō# are contracted: #cōgō#, #cōgere#, #co-ēgī#, #co-āctus#; #dēgō#, #dēgere#, #----#, #----#.
emō, _take_, _buy_ emere ēmī emptus
#co-emō# retains #e# in the present system, and usually #inter-emō# and #per-emō#; other compounds have #-imō#. For #cōmō#, #dēmō#, #prōmō#, and #sūmō#, see 952.
----, _strike_ ---- īcī ictus
Forms of the present system are #īcit# (Plaut., Lucr.), #īcitur# (Plin.), #īcimur# (Lucr.).
legō, _pick up_, _read_ legere lēgī lēctus
Compounds with #ad#, #inter#, #nec-#, #per#, #prae#, and #re-#, have #-legō# in the present system, others #-ligō#. For #dī-ligō#, #intel-legō#, #neg-legō#, see 952.
938. (_b._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
com-pingō, _fix together_ com-pingere com-pēgī com-pāctus
A compound of #pangō# (925, 823).
frangō, _smash_ frangere frēgī frāctus
Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system: as, #cōn-fringō#, #cōn-fringere#, #cōn-frēgī#, #cōn-frāctus#.
im-pingō, _drive in_ im-pingere im-pēgī im-pāctus
A compound of #pangō# (925, 823). So also #op-pēgī#.
linquō, _leave_ linquere līquī -lictus rumpō, _burst_ rumpere rūpī ruptus
So the compounds. But Plautus has #con-rumptus# and #dir-rumptus#.
vincō, _conquer_ vincere vīcī victus
939. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
pavēscō, _get afraid_ pavēscere ex-pāvī ----
940. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
capiō, _take_ capere cēpī captus
Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system and #e# in the perfect participle: as, #in-cipiō#, #in-cipere#, #in-cēpī#, #in-ceptus#. In the present system, #e# is rare: as, #re-cepit# (Lucr.); #u# is frequent in old Latin.
coepiō, _begin_ rare coepere once coepī coeptus
See 812-814.
faciō, _make_ facere fēcī factus
For #fac#, see 846; for passive, 788. Compounds have #i# for #a# in the present system and #e# in the perfect participle: as, #ef-ficiō#, #ef-ficere#, #ef-fēcī#, #ef-fectus#.
fugiō, _run away_ fugere fūgī ---- iaciō, _throw_ iacere iēcī iactus
Compounds have #-iciō# (104, _c_), #-icere#, #-iēcī#, #-iectus#: as, #ē-iciō#, #ē-icere#, #ē-iēcī#, #ē-iectus#. In old Latin the present system has rarely #-ieciō#; #-iecere#. #dis-siciō# is sometimes used (Lucr., Verg.) for #dis-iciō#.
941. (2 _b_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (862), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-sus# (912).
942. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
cūdō, _hammer_ cūdere -cūdī -cūsus
943. (_b._) With reduplication and #{-o|e-}# in the present stem (829).
sīdō, _settle_ sīdere sīdī, -sīdī, -sēdī -sessus
944. (_c._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
fundō, _pour_ fundere fūdī fūsus
945. (_d._) With the present stem in #-s{o|e-}# for #-t{o|e-}# (835).
vīsō, _go to see_ vīsere vīsī ----
946. (_e._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
fodiō, _dig_ fodere fōdī fossus
For forms in #-īre#, see 791.
947. (2 _c_.) The following verbs in #-ere# (367) with the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (837, 840), have the perfect stem in #-u-# or in #-v-# of the theme (865), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
acuō, _sharpen_ acuere acuī acūtus adjective arguō, _make clear_ arguere arguī argūtus rare con-gruō, _agree_ con-gruere con-gruī ---- ex-uō, _doff_ ex-uere ex-uī ex-ūtus im-buō, _give a smack of_ im-buere im-buī im-būtus ind-uō, _don_ ind-uere ind-uī ind-ūtus in-gruō, _impend_ in-gruere in-gruī ---- luō, _pay_, _atone for_ luere luī -lūtus, _washed_ metuō, _fear_ metuere metuī metūtus once -nuō, _nod_ -nuere -nuī ---- pluit, _it rains_ pluere pluit, plūvit ---- ruō, _tumble down_ ruere ruī -rutus so-lvō, _loose_ so-lvere so-lvī so-lūtus spuō, _spit_ spuere -spuī ---- statuō, _set_ statuere statuī statūtus
Compounds have #i# for #a# throughout: as, #cōn-stituō#, #cōn-stituere#, &c.
volvō, _roll_ volvere volvī volūtus suō, _sew_ suere -suī sūtus tribuō, _assign_ tribuere tribuī tribūtus
948. Two verbs in #-ere# with the present stem in #-nu{o|e-}# (833), have the perfect stem in #-nu-# (865), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
minuō, _lessen_ minuere minuī minūtus sternuō, _sneeze_ sternuere sternuī ----
949. (3.) The following verbs in #-ere# have a perfect stem consisting of a root ending in two consonants (866), and the perfect participle in #-sus# (912):
950. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829); most have a nasal (831).
-cendō, _light_ -cendere -cendī -cēnsus -fendō, _hit_ -fendere -fendī -fēnsus mandō, _chew_ mandere mandī once mānsus pandō, _open_ pandere pandī passus, pānsus
For #dis-pennite# (Plaut.), see 166, 4. #dis-pandō#, #dis-pendō#, has perfect participle #dis-pessus# (Plaut., Lucr.), #dis-pānsus# (Lucr., Plin., Suet.).
pre-hendō, _seize_ pre-hendere pre-hendī pre-hēnsus
Rarely #prae-hendō#; but very often #prēndō#, #prēndere#, #prēndī#, #prēnsus#.
scandō, _climb_ scandere -scendī -scēnsus
Compounds have #e# for #a# throughout: as, #dē-scendō#, #dē-scendere#, &c.
vorrō, verrō, _sweep_ vorrere, -vorrī, -verrī vorsus, versus verrere vortō, vertō, _turn_ vortere, vortī, vertī vorsus, versus vertere
951. (_b._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
vollō, vellō, _tear_ vollere, vellere vollī, vellī volsus, vulsus
Late perfect #vulsī# (Sen., Luc.); #-vulsī# (Laber., Col., Sen., Luc.).
[Errata: 925 ... For #com-pingō# and #im-pingō# #com-pingo# 930. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# #{o-|e-}# (829). (829.) (Enn., Lucr., Varr.) Enn. Lucr., 937 ... Compounds with #ad#, #inter#, #nec-#, #per#, #prae# #per#. #prae# 938 ... com-pingō, _fix together_ com-pingo]
(B.) PERFECT STEM IN #-s-#, OR IN #-v-# OR #-u-#.
PERFECT STEM IN #-s-#.
952. (1 _a_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have the perfect stem in #-s-# (867), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
953. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
carpō, _nibble_, _pluck_ carpere carpsī carptus
Compounds have #e# for #a#: as, #dē-cerpō#, #dē-cerpere#, #dē-cerpsī#, #dē-cerptus#.
com-būrō, _burn up_ com-būrere com-bussī com-būstus cōmō, _put up_ cōmere cōmpsī cōmptus
Compound of #com-# and #emō# (937, 823). See also #dēmō#, #prōmō#, #sūmō#.
coquō, _cook_ coquere coxī coctus dēmō, _take away_ dēmere dēmpsī dēmptus dīcō, _say_ dīcere dīxī dictus
For #dīc#, see 846.
dī-ligō, _esteem_ dī-ligere dī-lēxī dī-lēctus
Compound of #dis-# and #legō# (937, 823). See also #intel-legō# and #neg-legō#.
dūcō _lead_ dūcere dūxī ductus
For #dūc#, #ē-dūc#, see 846.
-flīgō, _smash_ -flīgere -flīxī -flīctus
Of the simple verb, #flīgit# occurs (L. Andr.), #flīgēbant# (Lucr.), and #flīgī# (L. Andr., Acc.).
gerō, _carry_ gerere gessī gestus intel-legō, _understand_ intel-legere intel-lēxī intel-lēctus neg-legō, _disregard_ neg-legere neg-lēxī neg-lēctus
In the perfect system very rarely #intel-lēgī# and #neg-lēgī# (862, 823).
nūbō, _veil_, nūbere nūpsī nūpta _marry (a man)_ prōmō, _take out_ prōmere prōmpsī prōmptus regō, _guide_, _rule_ regere rēxī rēctus
In the present system, #con-rigō# and #ē-rigō#; commonly #por-rigō#, sometimes #porgō#; rarely #sur-rigō#, commonly #surgō#; always #pergō#.
rēpō, _creep_ rēpere rēpsi ---- scalpō, _dig_ scalpere scalpsī scalptus scrībō, _write_ scrībere scrīpsī scrīptus sculpō, _carve_ sculpere sculpsī sculptus struō, _build up_ struere strūxī strūctus sūgō, _suck_ sūgere sūxī suctus sūmō, _take up_ sūmere sūmpsī sūmptus tegō, _cover_ tegere tēxī tēctus trahō, _drag_ trahere trāxī tractus ūrō, _burn_ ūrere ussī ustus vehō, _cart_ vehere vēxī vectus vīvō, _live_ vīvere vīxī ----
954. (_b._) With the present stem in a nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831).
cingō, _gird_ cingere cīnxī cīnctus com-pungō, _prick over_ com-pungere com-pūnxī com-pūnctus
A compound of #pungō# (925, 823).
ē-mungō, _clean out_ ē-mungere ē-mūnxī ē-mūnctus ex-pungō, _prick out_ ex-pungere ex-pūnxī ex-pūnctus
A compound of #pungō# (925, 823).
fingō, _mould_ fingere fīnxī fīctus iungō, _join_ iungere iūnxī iūnctus pingō, _paint_ pingere pīnxī pīctus plangō, _beat_ plangere plānxī plānctus stinguō, _poke_, _poke out_ stinguere -stīnxī -stīnctus stringō, _peel_, _graze_ stringere strīnxī strīctus tingō, _wet_ tingere tīnxī tīnctus unguō, _anoint_ unguere ūnxī ūnctus
Sometimes #ungō#, #ungere#, &c., in the present system.
955. (_c._) With the present stem in #-n{o|e-}# (833).
temnō, _scorn_ temnere (con-tempsī) (con-temptus)
956. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
ad-liciō, _lure_ ad-licere ad-lexī ---- in-liciō, _inveigle_ in-licere in-lexī in-lectus pel-liciō, _lead astray_ pel-licere pel-lexī pel-lectus -spiciō, _spy_ -spicere -spēxī -spectus
Forms of the simple verb are old and rare: as, #specitur#, #spicit#, #spece# (Plaut.), #specimus# (Varr.), #spiciunt# (Cato), #spēxit# (Naev., Enn.).
957. (1 _b_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have the perfect stem in #-s-# (867), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-sus# (912):
958. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
cēdō, _move along_ cēdere cessī cessus claudō, _shut_ claudere clausī clausus
Sometimes #clūdō#, #clūdere#, #clūsī#, #clūsus#. Compounds have #ū# for #au# throughout.
dī-vidō, _separate_ dī-videre dī-vīsī dī-vīsus fīgō, _pin_ fīgere fīxī fīxus, twice fīctus fluō, _flow_ fluere flūxī fluxus adjective laedō, _hurt_ laedere laesī laesus
Compounds have #ī# for #ae# throughout: as, #in-līdō#, #in-līdere#, &c.
lūdō, _play_ lūdere lūsī lūsus mittō, _send_ mittere mīsī missus mergō, _dip_, _duck_ mergere mersī mersus plaudō, _clap_ plaudere plausī plausus
Also #ap-plaudō#, #ap-plaudere#, &c. Other compounds have usually #ō# for #au# throughout: as, #ex-plōdō#, &c.; but #ex-plaudō# (Lucr.).
premō, _squeeze_ premere pressī pressus
Compounds have #i# for #e# in the present system: as, #com-primō#, &c.
rādō, _scrape_ rādere rāsī rāsus rōdō, _gnaw_ rōdere rōsī rōsus spargō, _scatter_ spargere sparsī sparsus
Compounds usually have #e# for #a# throughout: as, #cōn-spergō#, &c.
trūdō, _shove_ trūdere trūsī trūsus vādō, _go_ vādere -vāsī -vāsus
959. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
algēscō, _get cold_ algēscere alsī ---- ardēscō, _flame out_ ardēscere arsī (ex-arsī) ---- lūcēscō, _grow light_ lūcēscere -lūxī ----
Sometimes in the present system #lūcīscō#, #lūcīscere#, &c.
frīgēscō, _grow cold_ frīgēscere -frīxī ---- vīvēscō, _get alive_ vīvēscere (re-vīxī) ----
In composition, also #re-vīvīscō#, #re-vīvīscere#.
960. (_c._) With the present stem in #-t{o|e-}# (835).
flectō, _turn_ flectere flexī flexus nectō, _bind together_ nectere nexī, nexuī nexus
Perfect system rare: #nexit# (Lucil., Acc.); #nexuit#, #ad-nexuerant# (Sall.).
pectō, _comb_ pectere pexī pexus once
961. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
quatiō, _shake_ quatere -cussī quassus
Compounds drop the #a# (111, _a_): as, #in-cutiō#, #in-cutere#, #in-cussī#, #in-cussus#.
[Errata: 954 ... nasalized root followed by #{-o|e-}# (831). final . missing 956 ... #spiciunt# (Cato), #spēxit# (Naev., Enn.). text unchanged: error for spexit?]
PERFECT STEM IN #-v-#.
962. (2 _a_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have the perfect stem in #-v-#, preceded by a long vowel of the root (869), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
963. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
terō, _rub_ terere trīvī trītus
Perfect infinitive once in pentameter verse (823) #at-teruisse# (Tib.).
964. (_b._) With the present stem in #-n{o|e-}# (833).
cernō, _sift_, cernere crēvī, certus, -crētus _separate_, _see_ _decided_ linō, _besmear_ linere lēvī, litus rarely līvī
In the present system some forms in #-īre# are used by late writers.
sinō, _leave_, _let_ sinere sīvī situs
Perfect system forms of #sinō# and #dē-sinō# in #-v-# are: #sīvī# (Plaut., Ter., Cic.); #dē-sīvit# (Sen.), #sīvistis# (Cic.), once each; #sīverīs# (Plaut., Cato), #dē-sīverit# (Cato, Gell.), #sīverint# (Plaut., Curt.), #sīvisset# (Cic., Liv.). Much oftener without #-v-#: as, #dē-siī# (Sen.), #sīstī# (Plaut., Cic.); #dē-sīstī# often, #siit# once (Ter.), #dē-siit# (Varr., Sen., &c.), #dē-sīt# (Mart., &c.), #dē-siimus# (Lent.), #dē-sīmus# (893), #sīstis#; #dē-siērunt# (Cic., Liv.); #dē-sierat#, #dē-sierit# (Cic.); #dē-sīssem#, &c., #sīsset#, #sīssent#, #dē-sīsse#. For #sīrīs#, &c., see 893; for #pōnō#, 972.
spernō, _spurn_ spernere sprēvī sprētus sternō, _strew_ sternere strāvī strātus
965. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
crēscō, _grow_ crēscer crēv crētus nōscō, _get to know_ nōscere nōvī nōtus adjective
Compounds: #ī-gnōscō#, #ī-gnōvī#, #ī-gnōtum#; #ā-gnōscō#, #ā-gnōvī#, #ā-gnitus#; #cō-gnōscō#, #cō-gnōvī#, #cō-gnitus#; #dī-nōscō#, #dī-nōvī#, rarely #dī-gnōscō#, #dī-gnōvī#, #----#; #inter-nōscō#, #inter-nōvī#, #----#. Old passive infinitive GNOSCIER (inscr. 186 B.C.).
pāscō, _feed_ pāscere pāvī pāstus scīscō, _enact_ scīscere scīvī scītus
966. (2_b_.) The following verbs in #-ere# have the perfect stem in #-v-#, preceded by the long vowel of a presumed denominative stem (870), and the perfect participle, when used, in #-tus#:
967. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
petō, _aim at_ petere petīvī petītus
In the perfect, sometimes #petiī# (Cic., Ov., Liv., Val. Fl., Plin. _Ep._), PETIEI (inscr.), #petī# late (Sen., Stat.); #petiit# (Cic., Hor., Tac., Suet.), #petīt# (Verg., Ov., Phaedr., Sen., Luc., Suet.), #petiisse# (Verg., Hor., Ov., Val. Fl., Stat.).
quaerō, _inquire_ quaerere quaesīvī quaesītus
Compounds sometimes retain #ae# in old Latin, but usually have #ī# for #ae# throughout: as, #con-quīrō#, #con-quīrere#, &c.
968. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).