Part 6

Taûbot wétayean, I thanke you for your company.

Obs: I have heard of many English lost, and have oft been lost my selfe, and my selfe and others have often been found, and succoured by the Indians.

Pitchcowáwwon, You will lose your way.

Meshnowáwwon, I lost my way.

Nummauchèmin, I will be going. Ntanniteímmin,

Mammauchêtuck, Let us be going. ânakiteunck,

Memauchêwi, anittui, He is gone.

Memauchegushánnick, They are gone. Anakugushánnick,

Tunnockuttòme, Tunnockkuttoyeâim, Whither goe you? Tunnockkuttínshem,

Nnegónshem, I will goe before.

Cuppompáish, I will stay for you.

Negónshesh, Goe before.

Mittummayaûcup, The way you went before.

Cummáttanish, I will follow you.

Cuppahímmin, Stay for me.

Tawhich quaunquaquêan? Why doe you run so?

Nowecóntum púmmishem, I have a mind to travell.

Konkenuphshâuta, Let us goe apace.

Konkenúppe, Goe apace.

Michéme nquaunquaquêmin, I have run alwayes.

Yo ntoyamâushem, I goe this pace.

Obs: They are generally quick on foot, brought up from the breasts to running; their legs being also from the wombe stretcht and bound up in a strange way on their Cradle backward, as also anointed; yet have they some that excell: So that I have knowne many of them run betweene fourescoure or an hundred miles in a Summers day, and back in two dayes: they doe also practice running of _Races_; and commonly in the Summer, they delight to goe without shoes, although they have them hanging at their backs: they are so exquisitely skilled in all the body and bowels of the Countrey (by reason of their huntings) that I have often been guided twentie, thirtie, yea, sometimes fortie miles through the woods, a streight course, out of any path.

Yò wuchê, From hence.

Tounúckquaque yo wuchê, How far from hence?

Yò anúckquaque, So farre.

Yo anuckquaquêse, So little a way.

Waunaquêse, A little way.

Aukeewushaûog, They goe by land.

Mìshoon hómwock, They goe or come by water.

Naynayoûmewot, A horse.

Wunnia naynayoûmewot, He rides on Horse-back.

Obs: Having no horses, they covet them above other Cattell, rather preferring ease in riding, then their profit and belly, by milk and butter from Cowes and Goats, and they are loth to come to the _English_ price for any.

Aspumméwi, He is not gone by.

Aspumméwock, They are not gone by.

Awanick payánchick? Who come there?

Awanick negonshachick? Who are these before us?

Yo cuppummesicómmin, Crosse over into the way there.

Cuppì-machàug, Thick wood: a Swamp.

Obs: These thick Woods and Swamps (like the Boggs to the _Irish_) are the Refuges for women and children in Warre, whilst the Men fight. As the Country is wondrous full of Brookes and Rivers, so doth it also abound with fresh ponds, some of many miles compasse.

Níps-nípsash, Pond, Ponds.

Wèta wétedg, The woods on fire.

Wussaumpatámmin, To view or looke about.

Wussaum patámoonck, A Prospect.

Wuttocékemin, To wade.

Tocekétuck, Let us wade.

Tou wuttáuqussin? How deepe?

Yò ntaúqussin, Thus deep.

Kunníish, I will carry you.

Kuckqússuckqun, You are heavy.

Kunnáukon, You are light.

Pasúckquish, Rise.

Anakish, maúchish: Goe.

Quaquìsh, Runne.

Nokus káuatees, Meet him.

Nockuskauatítea, Let us meet.

Neenmeshnóckuskaw, I did meet.

Obs: They are joyfull in meeting of any in travell, and will strike fire either with stones or sticks, to take Tobacco, and discourse a little together.

Mesh Kunnockqus kaua tímmin? Did you meet? &c.

Yo Kuttauntapímmin, Let us rest here.

Kussackquêtuck, Let us sit downe.

Yo appíttuck, Let us sit here.

Nissówanis, I am weary. Nissowànishkaûmen,

Nickqússaqus, I am lame.

Ntouagonnausinnúmmni, We are distrest, undone or in misery.

Obs: They use this word properly in wandring toward Winter night, in which case I have been many a night with them, and many times also alone, yet alwayes mercifully preserved.

Teâno wonck nippéeam, I will be here by and by againe.

Mat Kunníckansh, I will not leave you.

Aquie Kunnickkatshash, Doe not leave me?

Tawhítch nickatshiêan? Why doe you forsake me?

Wuttánho, A staffe.

Yó úsh Wuttánho, Use this staffe.

Obs: Sometimes a man shall meet a lame man or an old Man with a Staffe: but generally a Staffe is a rare sight in the hand of the eldest, their Constitution is so strong, I have upon occasion travelled many a score, yea many a hundred mile amongst them, without need of stick or staffe, for any appearance of danger amongst them: yet it is a rule amongst them, that it is not good for a Man to travell without a Weapon nor alone.

Paquáttin, Frost.

Auke taquátsha, The ground is frozen.

Séip taquáttin, The river is frozen.

Nowánnesin, I have forgotten.

Nippittakúnnamun, I must goe back.

Obs: I once travelled with neere 200 who had word of neere 700 Enemies in the way, yet generally they all resolved that it was a shame to feare and goe back.

Nippanishkokómmin, I have let fall something. Npussago kommìn,

Mattaâsu, A little way.

Naûwot, A great way.

Náwwatick, Farre of at Sea.

Ntaquatchuwaûmen, I goe up hill.

Taguatchòwash, Goe up hill.

Waumsu, Downe hill.

Mauúnshesh, Goe slowly or gently.

Mauanisháuta, Let us goe gently.

Tawhìtch chechequnnuwáyean? Why doe you rob me?

Aquie chechequnnuwásh, Doe not rob me.

Chechequnnuwáchick, Robbers.

Chechequnníttin, There is a Robbery committed.

Kemineantúock, They murder each other.

Obs: If any robbery fall out in Travell, between Persons of diverse States, the offended State sends for Justice; If no Justice bee granted and recompence made, they grant out a kind of Letter of Mart to take satisfaction themselves, yet they are carefull not to exceed in taking from others, beyond the proportion of their owne losse.

Wúskontawaúnn kemineiucqun, I feare some will murther mee.

Obs: I could never heare that Murthers or Robberies are comparably so frequent, as in parts of Europe amongst the English, French, &c.

Cutchachewussímmin, You are almost there.

Kiskecuppeeyáumen, You are a little short.

Cuppeeyáumen, Now you are there.

Muckquétu, Swift.

Cummúmmuckquete, You are swift.

Cussásaqus, You are slow.

Sassaqushàuog, They are slow.

Cuttinneapúmmishem, Will you passe by?

Wuttineapummushâuta, Let us passe by.

Keeatshaûta, I come for no business.

Ntinneapreyaûmen, In vaine or to no purpose. Acoûwe,

Ntackówvvepeyaùn, I have lost my labour.

Cummautússakou, You have mist him.

Kihtummâyi-wussáuhumwi, He went just now forth.

Pittúckish, Goe back.

Pittuckétuck, Let us goe back.

Pónewhush, Lay downe your burthens.

_Generall Observations of their Travell._

As the same Sun shines on the Wildernesse that doth on a Garden! so the same faithfull and all sufficient God, can comfort, feede, and safely guide even through a desolate howling Wildernesse.

More particular:

1. God makes a path, provides a Guide, And feeds in Wildernesse! His glorious name while breath remaines, O that I may confesse.

2. Lost many a time, I have had no Guide; No house, but hollow tree! In stormy winter night no Fire, No Food, no Company.

3. In him I have found a House, a Bed, A Table, Company; No cup so bitter, buts’ made sweet, When God shall sweetning be.

CHAP. XII.

_Concerning the Heavens and Heavenly Lights._

Kéesuck, The Heavens.

Keesucquíu, Heavenward.

Aúke, Aukeaseíu, Downwards.

Nippâwus, The Sun.

Keesuckquànd, A name of the Sun.

(Obs:) By which they acknowledge the Sun, and adore for a God or divine power.

Munnánnock, A name of the Sun.

Nanepaùshat, and } The Moone. Munnànnock, }

Wequáshim, A light Moone.

Pashpíshea, The Moone is up.

Yo wuttúttan, So high.

Obs: And so they use the same rule, and words for the course of the Moone in the _Night_, as they use for the course of the Sun by _Day_, which wee mentioned in the Chapter of the Houre, or time of the Day concerning the Sunnes rising, course, or Sunne setting.

Yò Ockquitteunk, A new Moone. Paushésui,

Yo wompanámmit, Halfe Moone.

Obs: The Moone so old, which they measure by the setting of it, especially when it shines till

Wómpan, or day.

Anóckqus, anócksuck, A starre, starres.

Obs: By occasion of their frequent lying in the Fields and Woods, they much observe the Starres, and their very children can give Names to many of them, and observe their Motions, and they have the same words for their rising, courses and setting, as for the Sunne or Moone, as before.

Mosk or Paukúnawaw the great Beare, or Charles Waine, which words Mosk or Paukúnnawwaw signifies a Beare, which is so much the more observable, because, in most Languages that signe or Constellation is called the Beare.

Shwishcuttowwáuog, The Golden Metewand.

Mishánnock, The morning Starre.

Chippápuock, The Brood-hen, &c.

_Generall Observations of the Heavenly Bodies._

The Wildest sons of Men heare the preaching of the Heavens, the Sun, Moone, and Starres, yet not seeking after God the Maker are justly condemned, though they never have nor despise other preaching, as the civiliz’d World hath done.

More particular:

1. When Sun doth rise, the Starres doe set, Yet there’s no need of light, God shines a Sunne most glorious, When creatures all are Night.

2. The very Indian Boyes can give, To many Starres their name, And know their Course and therein doe, Excell the English tame.

3. English and Indians none enquire, Whose hand these Candles hold: Who gives these stars their names himself More bright ten thousand fold.

CHAP. XIII.

_Of the Weather._

T Ocke tussinnámmin kéesuck, What thinke you of the Weather?

Wekineaûquat, Faire Weather.

Wekinnàuquocks, When it is faire Weather.

Tahkì or tátakki, Cold Weather.

Tahkèes, Cold.

Obs. It may bee wondred why since _New-England_ is about 12 degrees neerer to the Sun, yet some part of Winter, it is there ordinarily more cold then here in _England_: the reason is plaine: all Ilands are warmer then maine Lands and Continents, England being an Iland, Englands winds are Sea winds, which are commonly more thick and vapoury, and warmer winds: the Nor-West wind (which occasioneth New-England cold) comes over the cold frozen Land, and over many millions of Loads of Snow: and yet the pure wholsomenesse of the Aire is wonderfull, and the warmth of the Sunne, such in the sharpest weather, that I have often seen the Natives Children runne about starke naked in the coldest dayes, and the _Indians_ Men and Women lye by a Fire, in the Woods in the coldest nights, and I have been often out myselfe such nights without fire, mercifully and wonderfully preserved.

Taúkocks, Cold weather.

Káusitteks, Hot weather.

Kussúttah, It is hot.

Núckqusquatchnnóonakom, I am a cold.

Nickqussittâunum, I sweat.

Mattáuqus, A cloud.

Máttaquat, It is overcast. Cúppaquat,

Sókenun, ánaquat, Raine.

Anamakéesucksókenun, It will raine to day.

Sókenitch, When it raines.

Sóchepo, or Cône, Snow.

Animanâukocksóshepo, It will snow to night.

Sóchepwutch, When it snowes.

Mishúnnan, A great raine.

Pâuqui pâuquaquát, It holds up.

Nnáppi, Drie.

Nnáppaquat, Drie weather.

Tópu, A frost.

Missittópu, A great frost.

Capàt, Ice.

Néechipog, The Deaw.

Míchokat, A Thaw.

Míchokateh, When it thawes.

Missuppâugatch, When the rivers are open.

Cutshâusha, The Lightning.

Neimpâuog, Thunder.

Neimpáug pesk hómwock, Thunderbolts are shot.

Obs: From this the Natives conceiving a consimilitude between our Guns and Thunder, call a Gunne _Péskunck_, and to discharge _Peskhommin_ that is to thunder.

_Observation generall of the Weather._

That judgement which the Lord Jesus pronounced against the Weather-wise (but ignorant of the God of the Weather) will fall most justly upon those Natives, and all Men who are wise in Naturall things, but willingly blind in spirituall.

English and Indians spie a storme And seeke a hiding place: O Hearts of stone that thinke and dreame, Th’ everlasting stormes t’out face. Proud filthy Sodome saw the Sunne Shine ore her head most bright; The very day that turn’d she was To Stincking heaps, ’fore night. How many millions now alive, Within few yeeres shall rot? O blest that Soule, whose portion is That Rocke that changeth not.

CHAP. XIV.

_Of the Winds._

W Aûpi, The Wind.

Wâupanash, The Winds.

Tashínash waupanash, How many winds are there?

Obs: Some of them account of seven, some eight, or nine; and in truth, they doe upon the matter reckon and observe not onely the foure but the eight Cardinall winds although they come not to the accurate division of the 32: upon the 32 points of the compasse as we doe.

Nanúmmatin, & The North wind. Sunnâdin,

Chepewéssin, The North east.

Sáchimoachepewéssin, Strong North east wind.

Nopâtin, The East wind.

Nanóckquittin, The South east wind.

Touwúttin, South wind.

Papônetin, West wind.

Chékesu, The Northwest.

Chékesitch, When the wind blowes Northwest.

Tucketunnántum? What thinke you?

Nqénowhick wouttín, I Stay for a wind.

Tou pìtch wuttin, Where will the wind be?

Yo pìtch wuttìn Sàuop, Here the wind will be to morrow.

Pitch Sowwanishew, It will be Southwest.

Obs: This is the pleasingest, warmest wind in the Climate, most desired of the _Indians_, making faire weather ordinarily; and therefore they have a _tradition_, that to the Southwest, which they call _Sowwainiù_ the Gods chiefly dwell; and hither the soules of all their Great and Good Men and women goe.

This Southwest wind is called by the _New-English_ the sea turne, which comes from the Sunne in the Morning, about nine or ten of the Clock Southeast, and about South, and then strongest Southwest in the after-noone, and towards night, when it dies away.

It is rightly called the Sea turne, because the wind commonly all the Summer, comes off from the North and Northwest in the night, and then turnes againe about from the South in the day: as _Solomon_ speaks of the vanitie of the Winds in their changes, _Eccles._ 1. 6.

Mishâupan, A great wind.

Mishitáshin, A storme.

Wunnágehan, or Faire wind. Wunnêgin waúpi,

Wunnêgitch wuttìn, When the wind is faire.

Mattágehan, A crosse wind.

Wunnágehatch, When the wind comes faire.

Mattágehatch, When the wind is crosse.

Cowunnogehúckamen, You have a faire wind.

Cummattagehúckamen, The wind is against you.

Nummattagehúckamen, The wind is against mee.

_Generall Observations of the Wind._

God is wonderfully glorious in bringing the _winds_ out of his Treasure, and riding upon the wings of those _winds_ in the eyes of all the sonnes of men in all Coasts of the world.

More particular.

English and Indian both Observe The various blasts of wind: And both I have heard in dreadfull stormes Cry out aloud, I have sinn’d. But when the stormes are turn’d to calmes And seas grow smooth and still; Both turne (like swine) to wallow in, The filth of former will. ’Tis not a storme on sea, or shore, ’Tis not the Word that can; But ’tis the spirit or Breath of God That must renew the Man.

CHAP. XV.

_Of Fowle._

NPesháwog, } Fowle Pussekesesuck, }

Ntauchâumen, I goe a fowling or hunting.

Auchaûi, Hee is gone to hunt or fowle.

Pepemôi, He is gone to fowle.

Wómpissacuk, An Eagle.

Wompsacuckquâuog, Eagle.

Néyhom, mâuog, Turkies.

Paupock, sûog, Partridges.

Aunckuck, quâuog, Heath cocks.

Chógan èuck, Black-bird, Black-birds.

Obs. Of this sort there be millions, which are great devourers of the _Indian_ corne as soon as it appeares out of the ground; unto this sort of Birds, especially, may the mysticall Fowles, the Divells be well resembled (and so it pleaseth the Lord Jesus himselfe to observe _Matth._ 13.) which mysticall Fowle follow the sowing of the Word, and picke it up from loose and carelesse hearers, as these Black-birds follow the materiall seed.

Against the Birds the _Indians_ are very carefull, both to set their corne deep enough that it may have a strong root not so apt to be pluckt up (not too deep lest they bury it, and it never come up:) as also they put up little watch-houses in the middle of their fields, in which they, or their biggest children lodge, and early in the Morning prevent the Birds, &c.

Kokókehom, An Owle. Ohómous,

Kaukont-tuock, Crow, Crowes.

Obs: These birds, although they doe the corne also some hurt, yet scarce will one _Native_ amongst an hundred will kil them, because they have a tradition, that the Crow brought them at first an _Indian_ Graine of Corne in one Eare and an _Indian_ or _French_ Beane in another, from the Great God _Kautántouwits_ field in the Southwest from whence they hold came all their Corne and beanes.

Hònck, hònckock, Goose, Geese.

Wómpatuck-quâuog, Swan, Swans. Wéquash-shâuog,

Munnûcks-munnûcksuck, Brants, or Brantgeese.

Quequécum-mâuog, Ducks.

Obs: The Indians having abundance of these sorts of Foule upon their waters, take great paines to kill any of them with their Bow and Arrowes; and are marvellous desirous of our English Guns, powder and shot (though they are wisely and generally denied by the English) yet with those which they get from the French, and some others (Dutch and English) they kill abundance of Fowle, being naturally excellent marks-men; and also more hardned to endure the weather, and wading, lying, and creeping on the ground, &c.

I once saw an exercise of training the English, when all the English had mist the mark set up to shoot at, an Indian with his owne piece (desiring leave to shoot) onely hit it.

Kitssuog, Cormorants.

Obs: These they take in the night time, where they are asleepe on rocks, off at Sea, and bring in at break of day great store of them:

Yo aquéchinock, There they swim.

Nipponamouôog, I lay nets for them.

Obs: This they doe onshore, and catch many fowle upon the plaines, and feeding under okes upon akrons, as Geese, Turkies, Cranes, and others &c.

Ptowéi, It is fled.

Ptowewushánnick, They are fled.

Wunnùp, pash, Wing, Wings.

Wunnúppaníckánawhone, Wing-Shot.

Wuhóckgockánwhone, Body-Shot:

Wuskówhàn, A Pigeon.

Wuskowhánannûaog, Pigeons.

Wuskowhannanaûkit, Pigeon Countrie.

Obs: In that place these Fowle breed abundantly, and by reason of their delicate Food (especially in Strawberrie time when they pick up whole large Fields of the old grounds of the Natives), they are a delicate fowle, and because of their abundance, and the facility of killing them, they are and may be plentifully fed on.

_Sachim_: a little Bird about the bignesse of a swallow, or lesse, to which the Indians give that name because of its _Sachim_ or Princelike courage and Command over greater Birds, that a Man shall often see this small Bird pursue and vanquish and put to flight the Crow and other Birds farre bigger than itselfe.

Sowwanakitauwaw, They go to the Southward.

That is the saying of the Natives, when the Geese and other Fowle at the approach of Winter betake themselves in admirable Order and discerning their Course even all the night long.

Chepewâukitaûog, They fly Northward.

That is when they returne in the Spring. There are abundance of singing Birds whose names I have little as yet enquired after, &c.