A History of England, Period III. Constitutional Monarchy

Part 3

Chapter 31,824 wordsPublic domain

1804 Pitt offers to undertake the Government, 1245 =Addington resigns. Pitt's Tory ministry=, 1245 Preparations to resist the French invasion, 1248 The Additional Force Bill. Increase of the navy, 1248 Napoleon attempts to form a coalition, 1250 His conduct with regard to Georges' conspiracy, 1251 His murder of the Duc d'Enghien, 1251 Napoleon made Emperor, 1252 Harrowby retires. Addington joins the ministry, 1252 Failure of the Catamaran expedition, 1253 =Success in India against the Mahrattas=, 1253

1802 Wellesley's subsidiary system, 1254

1803 The Mahratta war, 1255 Battle of Assye, 1256

1805 Conclusion of the war, 1257 Sad close of Pitt's career, 1257 Attack on Melville's administration, 1258 Sidmouth resigns, 1259 Treaty of St. Petersburg, 1261 =The third coalition formed=, 1261 Napoleon prepares to invade England, 1261 Nelson's pursuit of Villeneuve, 1262 Failure of Napoleon's schemes, 1263 He marches against Austria, 1264 Capitulation of the Austrian army at Ulm, 1264 =Battle of Trafalgar=, 1265 =Battle of Austerlitz=, 1265

1806 =Death of Pitt. Fox's ministry=, 1266

1805 Treaties of Schönbrunn and Presburg, 1269

1806 Napoleon erects dependent kingdoms, 1269 Fox's negotiations with Napoleon, 1270 Death of Fox, 1270 Abolition of the slave trade, 1271

1807 Rejection of the Catholic claims, 1273 Resignation of the Grenville ministry, 1274 =The Perceval ministry=, 1274

1806 Prussia declares war with France, 1276 Battle of Jena, 1276 The Berlin decree, 1277

1807 The orders in Council, 1278 Battle of Eylau, 1280 Incapacity of the Grenville ministry, 1280 Expedition to Buenos Ayres, 1280 Expedition to the Dardanelles, 1281 Expedition to Alexandria, 1282

1806 Expedition to Sicily, 1282

1807 =Dissolution of the third coalition=, 1282 =Treaty of Tilsitt=, 1283 Capture of the Danish fleet, 1285 War between Russia and Sweden, 1285 Continental System acknowledged except in Portugal, 1285 =Condition of the Peninsula=, 1286 Joseph made King of Spain, 1287 Napoleon's armies in Spain, 1288 Invasion of Portugal, 1288

1808 Enthusiasm in England for the Spanish insurrection, 1289 Wellesley sent to Portugal, 1290 Combat of Rorica, 1291 Battle of Vimiero, 1292 Convention of Cintra, 1293 Sir John Moore's march to Salamanca, 1294 Napoleon in Madrid, 1295

1809 =Battle of Corunna=, 1297 Opinion in England concerning the war, 1298 Scandal of the Duke of York, 1299 Charges against Castlereagh, 1299 Opposition to Napoleon in Germany, 1300 Battle of Aspern, 1300 Battle of Wagram, 1301 Peace of Vienna, 1301 The Walcheren expedition, 1301 Wellesley victorious in Portugal, 1303 =Battle of Talavera=, 1304

1810 Wellington fortifies the Lisbon promontory, 1306 Battle of Busaco, 1307

1811 =Battle of Albuera=, 1309 Critical position of the French, 1311 Threatened war between Russia and France, 1313

1812 Capture of Rodrigo and Badajos, 1315 =Battle of Salamanca=, 1316 Wellington in Madrid, 1317 He retreats to Portugal, 1318

1813 =Battle of Vittoria=, 1319

1814 =Battle of Toulouse=, 1321 =Long tenure of power by the Tory party=, 1321

1809 Quarrel of Castlereagh and Canning, 1322

1810 Illness of the King, 1323

1811 The Regency Bill, 1324

1812 =Assassination of Perceval. Liverpool made Premier=, 1325 =War with America=, 1325

1814 Capture of Washington, 1327 =Abdication of Napoleon=, 1328 =Character of the Tory Government=, 1329

1810 Depression of trade, 1331

1811 The Luddite riots, 1332 Misery of the agricultural labourer, 1333

1814 =Difficulties attending the settlement of Europe=, 1333 First Treaty of Paris, 1334 Visit of the monarchs to England, 1335 =Congress at Vienna=, 1335

1815 Compromise agreed upon, 1338 =Escape of Napoleon from Elba=, 1339 Military preparations against Napoleon, 1339 Battle of Ligny, 1340 Battle of Quatre Bras, 1341 =Battle of Waterloo=, 1342 The allies enter Paris, 1346 =Napoleon banished to St. Helena=, 1346 The second Treaty of Paris, 1346

1816 Battle of Algiers, 1347 Opposition in Parliament, 1348 Extravagance of the Government, 1349 =Agricultural and commercial depression=, 1350 =Riots and political meetings=, 1351 Meeting in Spa Fields, 1352 Petition from the Corporation of London, 1353

1817 Attack on the Regent, 1353 =Repressive measures of the Government=, 1354 Secret political meetings, 1354 Suppression of seditious writings, 1355 Mr. Hone's trial, 1355 Strength of the Opposition, 1356

1818 Condition of the royal family, 1357 Dissolution of Parliament, 1358 Evacuation of France by the allies, 1359

1819 Resumption of cash payments, 1359 Rejection of Catholic emancipation, 1360 Reform of Scotch burghs, 1360 The Manchester Massacre, 1362 The Six Acts, 1363

1820 Death of George III., 1363

GEORGE IV. 1820-1830.

1820 Precarious position of the ministry, 1364 Cato Street conspiracy, 1365 =The Queen's trial=, 1366

1821 Consequent alienation between ministry and people, 1368

1822 Peel and Wellesley join the ministry, 1369 =Death of Castlereagh. Canning Foreign Secretary=, 1369 Retrospect of the affairs of Europe, 1370

1816 Position of England abroad, 1370 Effect of Castlereagh's policy, 1371

1820 Insurrections in Spain, Portugal, Naples, 1371 Arbitrary action of the Holy Alliance, 1372 England refuses to join the Congress at Troppau, 1373

1821 Popular anger at Castlereagh's weak policy, 1373 Insurrection in Greece, 1374 Complications between France and Spain, 1374

1822 Congress at Verona, 1375 =Canning's policy=, 1375 Partial success of his diplomacy in Spain, 1375

1823 =Changes in commercial policy effected by Huskisson=, 1376 Change of the Navigation Act, 1379

1824 Improvement in the silk trade, 1380 Improvement in the wool trade, 1381

1823 Discussion on slavery, 1382 Effect of Canning's circular in Jamaica, 1382

1824 Persecution of Mr. Smith, 1383

1825 Disastrous effects of wild speculations, 1383 Success of the healing measures of Government, 1384

1826 Temporary change in the corn laws, 1385 Canning's vigorous policy in Portugal, 1386 Division in the ministry, 1387

1827 =Illness of Lord Liverpool=, 1388 =Difficulties attending the formation of a new ministry=, 1388 Disturbances in Ireland, 1389 Wellesley's administration, 1389

1823 The Catholic Association, 1390

1826 Rejection of the Catholic Relief Bill, 1390

1827 Rejection of Burdett's resolution, 1391 =Canning Prime Minister=, 1391 Canning's death, 1393 His character and policy, 1393 =Goderich's ministry=, 1394

1828 =Wellington's ministry=, 1395 =Difficulty of the Turkish question=, 1395

1824 Canning's diplomacy on the subject, 1396

1826 Protocol between England and Russia, 1397 Enthusiasm for Greek independence in England, 1397

1827 Turkey refuses the armistice, 1398 The Treaty of London, 1398 Attempt to enforce the armistice, 1399 =Battle of Navarino=, 1399 Goderich's inaction renders the victory nugatory, 1400

1828 Wellington refuses to coerce Turkey by arms, 1400 =Character of Wellington's Government=, 1401 Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, 1401 The Corn Bill passed, 1402 Huskisson and his friends resign, 1402 =The Catholic Emancipation question=, 1402 Renewed agitation in Ireland, 1403 Election of O'Connell for Clare, 1403 Influence of the Association, 1404

1829 Resignation of Lord Anglesey, 1406 Peel and Wellington see the urgency of Catholic emancipation, 1406 Opposition of the King, 1407 =The Catholic Emancipation Bill passed=, 1408 O'Connell's agitation for repeal, 1409 =Wellington's foreign policy=, 1410

1826 Affairs of Portugal, 1410

1828 Miguel usurps the throne, 1411 Maria acknowledged in England, 1411

1829 Wellington's neutrality, 1411 Non-intervention in the affairs of Greece, 1412 The Revolution in France, 1413 Supposed influence of Wellington in Polignac's appointment, 1413 Increasing opposition to the French ministry, 1414

1830 Abdication of Charles X., 1416 Death of George IV., 1416

WILLIAM IV. 1830-1837.

1830 Character of the King, 1418 =Effects of the July Revolution=, 1419 =Position of Wellington's ministry=, 1420 Danger from O'Connell's agitations, 1421 And from rick-burning, etc., 1421 Death of Huskisson, 1421 Anxiety felt in Parliament, 1422 =Wellington resigns=, 1422 =Grey's ministry=, 1423 Difficulties attending reform, 1423

1831 =The first Reform Bill=, 1425 The second reading, 1426 Dissolution of Parliament, 1426 The Bill passes in the Commons, 1427 =The Bill rejected in the Lords=, 1427 Consequent riots in the country, 1428 Organized action of the political unions, 1428 Opposition of the King, 1429

1832 The second Bill passes second reading in the Lords, 1429 Preparations during the recess, 1429 The Bill again rejected in the Lords, 1430 The ministers resign, 1430 They return to office, 1430 =The Reform Bill passes=, 1430 Description of the Bill, 1430 Importance of the change, 1432 Anxiety as to the effect of the change, 1433

1833 =Character of the reformed Parliament=, 1434 Critical questions to be settled, 1434 Condition of Ireland, 1434 =Position of the Irish Church=, 1435 Irish Tithe Composition Bill passed, 1436 Althorp's Irish Church Bill, 1436 The Coercion Bill, 1438 Changes in the ministry, 1439 Weakness of the ministry, 1440 Renewal of the Bank charter, 1441 Settlement of the East India Company, 1442 Emancipation of the Slaves, 1442 Condition of trade in the West Indies, 1443

1831 Opposition of planters to the orders in Council, 1444

1833 The Bill passed, 1445

1834 Weakness of the ministry shown in Parliament, 1445 Split in the Cabinet on Ward's motion on the Irish Church, 1446 Resignation of Stanley, Graham, Richmond, and Ripon, 1447 Difficulties of Grey's position, 1447 =Grey resigns. Lord Melbourne's ministry=, 1449 His Church policy, 1450 =Reform of the Poor Law=, 1451 Discontent and misery of the poor, 1453 Increase of trades unions, 1454 Dispute between Brougham and Durham, 1455 =Dismissal of the Melbourne ministry=, 1455 =Peel's ministry=, 1456

1835 The Tamworth Manifesto, 1456 Irish appropriation clause again introduced, 1457 =Peel resigns. Melbourne's ministry reconstituted=, 1457 Condition of municipal corporations, 1459 =The Municipal Reform Bill=, 1460 =Foreign diplomacy of Palmerston=, 1461

1831 Absorption of Poland, 1461 Formation of Belgium, 1462 Affairs of Portugal, 1463

1832 Affairs of Spain, 1463

1834 The Quadruple Alliance, 1464 =Retrospect of affairs in India=, 1465

1805 Cornwallis Governor-General, 1466 Sir George Barlow, 1466

1807 Lord Minto, 1466

1813 Marquis of Hastings, 1467

1814 War with Nepaul, 1467

1815 War with the Pindaries and Mahrattas, 1468

1823 Lord Amherst, 1471 War with Burmah, 1471

1826 Capture of Bhurtpore, 1472

LIST OF MAPS.

1. COUNTRIES TO THE NORTH OF FRANCE, At end of Book.

2. NORTH AMERICA, " "

3. SPAIN, " "

4. PORTUGAL, " "

5. EUROPE, " "

6. INDIA, " "

7. ENGLISH POSSESSIONS IN INDIA, " "

WILLIAM AND MARY.

1689-1702.

James I. | ----------------------------------- | | Charles I. Elizabeth = Frederick V., | | Elector Palatine. ------------------------------------- \ | | | \ Charles II. | | \ | | \ 2. Mary of = James II. = 1. Anne Hyde Mary = William Sophia = Ernest Modena. | | | of Nassau. | Augustus, | | | | Elector | | | | of | ------------- | | Hanover. | | | | | James Edward, Anne, Mary = William III. George I. the old Pretender. b. 1665. b. 1662. b. 1650. b. 1688, | d. 1765. | | Charles Edward, the young Pretender, born 1721, died 1788.

CONTEMPORARY PRINCES.

POPES.--Alexander VIII., 1689. Innocent XII., 1691. Clement XI., 1700.

_Archbishops._ | _Chancellors._ William Sancroft, 1678. | (In Commission, 1689.) John Tillotson, 1691. | Sir John Somers, 1693. Thomas Tenison, 1694. | Sir Nathan Wright, 1700.

_Secretaries of State._ 1689 { Nottingham | 1697 { Shrewsbury { Shrewsbury | { Vernon | 1690 { Nottingham | 1699 { Jersey { Sidney | { Vernon | 1693 { Shrewsbury | 1700 { Hedges { Trenchard | { Vernon | 1695 { Shrewsbury | 1702 { Manchester { Trumbal | { Vernon

[Sidenote: The Declaration of Right.]

[Sidenote: Crown accepted by William and Mary.]