A handbook of systematic botany
Part 58
Parasites, endophytic, 85. endozoic, 85. epiphytic, 85. epizoic, 85. facultative, 84. obligate, 85. pathogenic, 85.
Parasitic Bacteria, 38.
Parasol-fungus, 171.
Pariana, 291.
Parietaria, 353.
Paris, 309, 314, 316.
Paritium, 430.
Parkia, 475.
Parmelia, 140, 141, 142, 143.
Parnassia, 453.
Paronychia, 365, 367.
Paronychieæ, 366.
Parrotia, 455.
Parsley, 494, 498.
Parsnip, 492, 496, 498.
Parthenogenesis, 14.
Pasanea, 346, 348.
Paspalum, 295.
Pasta guaranà, 441.
Pastinaca, 493, 496.
Passerina, 449.
Passiflora, 475, 476.
Passifloraceæ, 476.
Passiflorinæ, 475.
Passion-flower, 476.
Patellaria, 134.
Patellariaceæ, 134.
Patellea, 134.
Paternoster peas, 470.
Pathogenic Rod-Bacteria, 39.
Patrinia, 557.
Paullinia, 441.
Paulownia, 527.
Pavonia, 428.
Paxillei, 172.
Payena, 511.
Paypayroleæ, 411.
Pea, 470.
Peach, 117, 121, 461.
Pear, 130, 464, 465.
Pedagnuoli, 355.
Pedaliaceæ, 518, 529.
Pediastrum, 52.
Pedicularis, 151, 526.
Peganum, 438.
Pelargonium, 418, 419.
Peliosanthes, 320.
Pellia, 191, 192.
Pellitory, 353.
Peltigera, 143.
Pelvetia, 73.
Penicillium, 122, 123.
Penium, 43, 44.
Pennisetum, 295.
Penny-cress, 401.
Penny-wort, 493.
Pentacyclicæ, 505, 506.
Pentadesma, 414.
Pentapera, 505.
Pentstemon, 524, 527.
Peplis, 47, 483.
Pepper, 361.
Peppermint, 541.
Peperomia, 361, 362.
Pepperwort, 401.
Pereskia, 375, 376.
Perianth, 235.
Perichætium, 192.
Pericarp, 249.
Pericallis, 574.
Peridermium, 147, 148, 153, 154, 155, 156.
Peridinea, 1, 14, 17.
Peridinin, 16.
Peridinium, 17.
Peridiola, 176.
Peridium, 88, 89, 147.
Perigynium, 189.
Perilla, 541.
Periphyses, 88.
Periplasm, 104.
Periploca, 546.
Perisperm, 249.
Perisporiaceæ, 122.
Perisporiales, 95, 116, 118, 119.
Peristome, 195.
Perithecia, 125.
Periwinkle, 543, 544.
Perizonium, 20.
Pernambuco-tree, 468.
Peronocarpic ascocarps, 125.
Peronospora, 101, 104, 105, 107.
Peronosporaceæ, 104.
Persea, 393.
Persica, 461.
Personatæ, 505, 515, 517.
Pertusaria, 140, 142.
Petals, 235.
Petasites, 153, 569, 571.
Petiveria, 372.
Petrocelis, 84.
Petunia, 518, 521.
Peucedaneæ, 496.
Peucedanum, 496.
Peyssonellia, 84.
Peziza, 115, 135, 159.
Pezizaceæ, 135.
Pezizales, 134.
Phacelia, 515.
Phacidiales, 133.
Phacidium, 133.
Phacotus, 48.
Phæophyceæ, 1, 14, 68.
Phæophyl, 68.
Phæosporeæ, 68.
Phæothamnion, 54.
Phagocytes, 41.
Phajus, 332.
Phalarideæ, 295.
Phalaris, 295.
Phallaceæ, 172.
Phalloideæ, 96, 145, 172.
Phallus, 172, 173.
Phanerogams, 3, 234, 236, 249.
Pharbitis, 516.
Pharus, 291, 293.
Phascum, 195.
Phaseoleæ, 470.
Phaseolus, 134, 469, 471, 473.
Phegopteris, 213, 214.
Phellodendron, 437.
Philadephus, 451, 455.
Phillyrea, 547.
Philodendron, 303, 305.
Philonotis, 197.
Phlebia, 163.
Phleum, 290, 294, 296.
Phloëm, 251.
Phlœospora, 70.
Phlomis, 538, 541.
Phlox, 515.
Phœniceæ, 299.
Phœnix, 298, 299, 301, 302.
Pholiota, 171.
Phormium, 312, 313, 314.
Phragmidium, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152.
Phragmites, 113, 131, 291, 294.
Phragmonema, 22, 25.
Phrynium, 327.
Phycocyan, 22, 77.
Phycoerythrin, 22, 77.
Phycomyces, 99.
Phycomycetes, 1, 5, 95, 96.
Phycophæin, 69.
Phycopyrrin, 16.
Phycoxanthin, 69.
Phylica, 448.
Phyllachora, 131.
Phyllactinia, 122.
Phyllactis, 560.
Phyllanthus, 431, 432.
Phyllitis, 70.
Phyllobium, 47, 51.
Phyllocactus, 377.
Phyllocladus, 260.
Phyllodia, 474.
Phyllodoce, 509.
Phylloglossum, 228.
Phyllophora, 83.
Phyllosiphon, 8.
Phyllosiphonaceæ, 47, 61.
Physalis, 521.
Physarum, 6, 8.
Physcia, 139, 143.
Physcomitrium, 188, 197.
Physiological varieties, 41.
Physoderma, 103.
Physostigma, 471, 473.
Phytelephantinæ, 301.
Phytelephas, 299, 301, 302.
Phyteuma, 562.
Phytoamœbæ, 10, 61.
Phytolacca, 372.
Phytolaccaceæ, 372.
Phytomyxa, 8.
Phytophthora, 101, 104, 105, 106.
Piassava, 297.
Picea, 124, 129, 132, 155, 165, 265.
Pichurim, 392.
Picraena, 438.
Picris, 571.
Picrotoxine, 390.
Pilacraceæ, 157.
Pilacre, 157.
Pilea, 353.
Pilobolus, 99, 100.
Pilostyles, 504.
Pilularia, 216, 220.
Pimelea, 449.
Pimenta, 489.
Pimento, 489.
Pimpernel, 513.
Pimpinell, 498.
Pimpinella, 494, 498.
Pine, 127, 153, 161, 165, 255, 263, 266.
Pine-apple, 320.
Pine-shoot Fungus, 152.
Pinellia, 305.
Pinguicula, 334, 528.
Pink, 367.
Pin-mould, 99.
Pinnularia, 19.
Pinus, 129, 132, 153, 155, 165, 264, 265, 266, 267, 272.
Pinoideæ, 256, 258, 259, 262.
Pipe-flower, 500.
Piper, 361, 363.
Piperaceæ, 361.
Pipereæ, 361.
Piptocephalidaceæ, 100.
Piptocephalis, 100.
Pircunia, 372.
Pisonia, 374.
Pistia, 306.
Pistacia, 439.
Pistil, 239.
Pistillaria, 161.
Pistillate, 236.
Pisum, 469, 470, 473.
Pitcairnia, 320.
Pitcher-plant, 409.
Pittosporaceæ, 451, 455.
Pittosporum, 455.
Placenta, 237, 241.
Placochromaticæ, 21.
Plagiochila, 189, 192.
Plagiothecium, 197.
Plagiotropideæ, 21.
Planera, 351.
“Plankton,” 15, 17, 20.
Planogametes, 12.
Plantago, 335, 530, 531, 536, 559.
Plantaginaceæ, 518, 530.
Plantain, 530.
Plasmodia, 4, 5, 7.
Plasmodiophora, 8.
Plasmodiophorales, 6.
Platanaceæ, 455.
Platanus, 456.
Platanthera, 332, 333.
Plate-cultures, 33.
Platonia, 414.
Platycerium, 213.
Platycodon, 562.
Platystemon, 395.
Plectonema, 24.
Plectranthus, 541.
Pleospora, 130.
Pleosporaceæ, 130.
Pleurandra, 413.
Pleuridium, 195.
Pleurocarpi, 197.
Pleurococcaceæ, 47, 51.
Pleurococcus, 10, 51, 138.
Pleurorhizæ. 400.
Pleurotænium, 44.
Pleurothallis, 332.
Pleurotus, 171.
Plocamium, 83.
Plum, 117, 164, 461, 462.
Plumbaginaceæ, 514.
Plumbago, 514.
Plumeria, 544.
Plumule, 247.
Pneumathodia, 267.
Poa, 287, 290, 294, 296.
“Pocket-plum,” 85.
“Pockets,” 117.
Pod, 466.
Pod-pepper, 522.
Podalyrieæ, 469.
Podocarpeæ, 260.
Podocarpus, 251, 255, 261, 272.
Podophyllum, 390.
Podosphæra, 120.
Podospora, 129.
Podostemaceæ, 451, 456.
Pogostemon, 541.
Poinciana, 468.
Point Caraway, 498.
Polanisia, 406.
Polemoniaceæ, 509, 515.
Polemonium, 515.
Polianthes, 318.
Pollinarium, 332.
Pollinia, 329.
Pollinodium, 100, 120.
Pollen-chamber, 251.
Pollen-grain, 240, 244, 245.
Pollen-sac, 235, 237, 240.
Pollen-tube, 244, 249.
Polycarpicæ, 377.
Polycystis, 24.
Polydinida, 16, 17, 18.
Polyembryony, 247.
Polygala, 442, 443.
Polygalaceæ, 442.
Polygamous, 236.
Polygonaceæ, 239, 359.
Polygonatum, 314, 316.
Polygonifloræ, 358.
Polygonum, 359, 360, 361.
Polyides, 84.
Polykrikos, 17.
Polypetalæ, 336.
Polyphagus, 103, 104.
Polypodiaceæ, 202, 205, 206, 209, 210, 212.
Polypodium, 207, 213.
Polyporaceæ, 163.
Polyporus, 163, 164, 165.
Polysiphonia, 79, 83.
Polystachya, 332.
Polystigma, 125, 127.
Polytrichaceæ, 197.
Polytrichum, 197.
Pomaceæ, 456, 462.
Pomaderris, 448.
Pomalo, 438.
Pomegranate, 488, 489.
Pomona-fungus, 171.
Pond-weed, 279.
Pontederia, 316.
Pontederiaceæ, 308, 316.
Poplar, 124, 164, 338.
Poppies, 394.
Populus, 152, 338.
Pore-fungus, 163.
Porogames, 273.
Poronia, 131.
Porphyra, 10, 78.
Porphyraceæ, 78.
Portulaca, 373.
Portulacaceæ, 373.
Posidonia, 281.
Potamogeton, 47, 278, 279.
Potamogetonaceæ, 278, 279.
Potato-fungus, 104, 107.
Potato-plant, 521, 522.
Potentilla, 458, 460.
Potentilleæ, 458.
Poterium, 460.
Pothos, 304.
Pottia, 196.
Pottiaceæ, 196.
Pouzolzia, 353.
Prasiola, 53.
Preissia, 191.
Preslia, 539.
Primrose, 512.
Primula, 511, 512, 513.
Primulaceæ, 239, 512, 514.
Primulinæ, 505, 511.
Pringsheimia, 54.
Prionium, 284.
Pritchardia, 298.
Priva, 535.
Privet, 547.
Procarpium, 81.
Proembryo, 64.
Profichi, 355.
Promycelium, 94, 146.
Pronucleus, 245.
Prorocentrum, 17, 18.
Protea, 450.
Proteaceæ, 450.
Prothallium, 198, 244, 248. Secondary, 233.
Protistæ, 5.
Protium, 438.
Protobasidia, 144.
Protobasidiomycetes, 96, 145.
Protococcaceæ, 47, 48, 51.
Protococcoideæ, 8, 47.
Protomyces, 108.
Protomycetaceæ, 108.
Protonema, 181.
Provence oil, 547.
Prunella, 539.
Prunus, 117, 118, 127, 130, 152, 461, 462.
Psalliota, 167, 168, 169, 171.
Psamma, 295, 296.
Pseudophacidiaceæ, 133.
Pseudopodium, 10, 193.
Pseudotsuga, 264, 265, 266.
Psidium, 488, 489.
Psilotaceæ, 228.
Psilotum, 201, 228.
Psychotria, 550.
Ptelea, 437.
Pteridium, 131, 207, 213, 214.
Pteridophyta, 2, 198, 234.
Pterigynandrum, 197.
Pteris, 199, 203, 213, 214.
Pterisanthes, 445.
Pterocarpus, 473.
Pterocarya, 350.
Pterocephalus, 560.
Pterogoniaceæ, 197.
Pterogyne, 468.
Pterostegia, 360.
Pterygophyllum, 197.
Ptilidium, 192.
Ptilota, 84.
Ptychogaster, 166.
Puccinia, 147, 148, 149, 150.
Puff-ball, 174.
Pulmonaria, 533, 534.
Pulque, 318.
Pulsatilla, 384.
Pumpkin, 480, 481.
Punctaria, 70.
Punica, 483, 488, 489, 490.
Puniceæ, 488.
Puschkinia, 312.
Putrefaction, 32.
Puya, 319.
Pycnidia, 89.
Pylaiella, 70.
Pyrenoid, 46.
Pyrenolichenes, 142.
Pyrenomycetes, 95, 116, 118, 125.
Pyrenula, 142.
Pyrethrum, 572, 574.
Pyrola, 334, 506, 507.
Pyrolaceæ, 506.
Pyrrophyl, 16.
Pyrus, 152, 463.
Pythium, 101, 106.
Quaking-grass, 294, 296.
Quassia, 438, 439.
Quassine, 438.
Quercifloræ, 337, 340.
Quercitron-wood, 348.
Quercus, 341, 346, 347, 348, 504.
Quillaja, 457, 460.
Quillajeæ, 457.
Quill-wort, 230.
Quince, 464, 465.
Quinchamalium, 500.
Quinine, 550, 553.
Racomitrium, 197.
Radiatæ, 571.
Radicle, 247.
Radiola, 418.
Radiolarias, 9.
Radish, 403, 404, 405.
Radula, 192.
Rafflesia, 504.
Rafflesiaceæ, 499, 504.
Raisins, 447.
Rajania, 323.
Ralfsia, 71.
Ralfsiaceæ, 71.
Ramalina, 143.
Ramenta, 209.
Ramié, 353.
Rampion, 562.
Randia, 550.
Ranunculaceæ, 278, 378.
Ranunculeæ, 383.
Ranunculus, 151, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384.
Rapateaceæ, 308.
Rape, 404.
Raphanus, 400, 403.
Raphia, 301.
Raphidium, 51.
Raphiolepis, 463, 465.
Raspberry, 459, 460, 461.
Ravenala, 325.
Ray-flowers, 567.
Reboulia, 191.
Receptacle, 210.
Red Algæ, 1.
Red-beet, 372.
Red-cabbage, 405.
Red-clover, 466, 517.
Red-currant, 455.
Red-pine, 264, 266.
“Red-rot,” 164, 166.
Red Sandalwood, 473.
Red Seaweeds, 4, 77.
Red Snow, 48.
Red-strip, 165.
Red-tree, 468.
Reed, 151, 294.
Reed-mace, 303.
Reindeer Moss, 141.
Reineckea, 314.
Remijia, 550, 553.
Renealmia, 326.
Replum, 398.
Reseda, 407.
Resedaceæ, 406.
Resin, 266.
Rest-harrow, 471.
Restiaceæ, 309.
Restio, 309.
Restrepia, 332.
Retama, 472.
Reticularia, 8.
Retinospora, 268.
Rhamnaceæ, 447, 449.
Rhamnus, 151, 448.
Rhaphidophora, 305.
Rhatany, 468.
Rheum, 151, 359, 360.
Rhinanthaceæ, 153.
Rhinantheæ, 525, 526.
Rhinanthus, 526.
Rhingia, 320.
Rhipidium, 320.
Rhipsalis, 375, 376, 377.
Rhizidiaceæ, 103.
Rhizoboleæ, 415.
Rhizocarpeæ, 205, 215.
Rhizoclonium, 58.
Rhizoids, 4, 10.
Rhizomorpha, 169, 170.
Rhizopaceæ, 99.
Rhizophora, 482, 486, 487, 513.
Rhizophoraceæ, 482, 486.
Rhizophyllidaceæ, 84.
Rhizophyllis, 84.
Rhizopods, 5.
Rhizopogon, 175, 176.
Rhizopus, 99.
Rhizosolenia, 20.
Rhodanthe, 573.
Rhodiola, 451, 452.
Rhodochiton, 525.
Rhododendron, 161, 508.
Rhodomela, 83.
Rhodomelaceæ, 83.
Rhodophyceæ, 1, 14, 77.
Rhodophyll, 77.
Rhodophyllidaceæ, 83.
Rhodophyllis, 83.
Rhodoraceæ, 335, 508.
Rhodotypus, 457.
Rhodymenia, 83, 84.
Rhodymeniaceæ, 83.
Rhodymeniales, 82, 84.
Rhœadinæ, 393.
Rhopographus, 131.
Rhubarb, 359.
Rhus, 439.
Rhynchosia, 471.
Rhynchospora, 285, 286.
Rhytisma, 132.
Ribbon-grass, 296.
Ribes, 121, 152, 153, 241, 454, 455.
Ribesiaceæ, 454.
Rib-grass, 530.
Riccia, 186, 189, 190.
Ricciaceæ, 190.
Rice, 291, 293, 296.
Richardia, 305.
Richardsonia, 550.
Ricinus, 431.
Riella, 192, 231.
Ringworm, 180.
Rivina, 372.
Rivularia, 10, 25.
Rivulariaceæ, 22, 24, 25.
Robinia, 470, 473.
Roccella, 142.
Rock-cress, 402.
Rock-rose, 412.
Rod-bacteria, 39.
Roestelia, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153.
Roman spinach, 372.
Roots, 4.
“Ropiness,” 35.
Rosa, 148, 459, 460.
Rosaceæ, 451, 457.
Rose, 121.
Rose-mallow, 428.
Rose of Jericho, 401, 574.
Roseæ, 459.
Rosellinia, 130.
Rosemary, 540. Oil of, 541.
Rosifloræ, 456, 466.
Rosmarinus, 536, 540, 541.
Rostellum, 329, 332.
Rotang, 298.
Royal-fern, 209, 215.
Rubeæ, 458.
Rubia, 551, 552, 553.
Rubiaceæ, 542, 546, 548, 549, 553.
Rubiales, 490, 505, 548, 556, 564.
Rubus, 458, 460, 461.
Rudbeckia, 572.
Ruellia, 530.
Rulingia, 422.
Rumex, 151, 359, 360.
Ruppia, 278, 279.
Ruscus, 316.
Rush, 283, 284.
Russula, 171.
Russulei, 171.
Rust of Wheat, 148.
Rusts, 146.
“Rust spots,” 130.
Ruta, 436.
Rutaceæ, 436.
Ruteæ, 436.
Rye, 125, 151.
Rye-grass, 295, 296.
Rye-stem blight, 113.
Sabal, 300.
Sabaleæ, 299.
Saccharomyces, 177, 178.
Saccharomyces-forms, 176.
Saccharum, 293.
Safflower, 574.
Saffron, 321.
Sagina, 364, 365, 366.
Sagittaria, 281, 282.
Sago, 254.
Sago-palm, 298.
Sainfoin, 472, 473.
“Salep,” 333.
Salicaceæ, 338.
Salicin, 339.
Salicifloræ, 337.
Salicornia, 369, 371, 503.
Salicornieæ, 371.
Salisburia, 259.
Salix, 122, 337, 338.
Salpiglossis, 521.
Salsafy, 574.
Salsola, 370, 371, 372.
Salsoleæ, 370.
Saltpetre formation, 35.
Saltwort, 370.
Salvadora, 547.
Salvadoraceæ, 542, 547.
Salvia, 536, 540, 541.
Salvinia, 201, 216, 217, 218, 245.
Salviniaceæ, 210, 218.
Sambuceæ, 555, 557.
Sambucus, 156, 553, 555.
Samolus, 513.
Samydaceæ, 476.
Sandalwood, 473, 500.
Sandarack resin, 269.
Sand-box tree, 432.
Sand-star, 287.
Sanguinaria, 395.
Sanguisorba, 460.
Sanicula, 493.
Sannicle, 493.
Sanseviera, 320.
Santalaceæ, 500.
Santalum, 500.
Santolina, 572.
Sapindaceæ, 440.
Sapindus, 441.
Saponaria, 368.
Saponin, 460.
Sapotaceæ, 510.
Saprolegnia, 102, 107, 108.
Saprolegniaceæ, 107.
Saprophytes, 5.
Sapucaia-nuts, 489.
Saranthe, 327.
Sarcina, 27, 28, 38.
Sarcophyte, 504.
Sargassum, 4, 10, 73, 75.
Sarothamnus, 472.
Sarracenia, 409.
Sarraceniaceæ, 408.
Sarsaparilla, 316.
Sassafras, 392.
Satureia, 540, 541.
Satureieæ, 539.
Saurureæ, 362.
Saururus, 362.
Saussurea, 570.
Sauvagesieæ, 411.
Saw-wort, 570.
Saxifraga, 161, 452.
Saxifragaceæ, 451, 452.
Saxifrage, 452.
Saxifraginæ, 451, 555.
Scabiosa, 558, 559, 560.
Scævola, 564.
Scale-leaves, 235.
Scammony, 517.
Scandiceæ, 495.
Scandix, 495.
Scapania, 192.
Scarlet-runner, 473.
Scenedesmus, 51.
Scheuchzeria, 278.
Schistostega, 196, 197.
Schistostegaceæ, 197.
Schizæa, 215.
Schizæaceæ, 210, 215.
Schizanthus, 521.
Schizocarp, 492.
Schizocarpeæ, 195.
Schizochlamys, 51.
Schizomeris, 53.
Schizomycetes, 26, 33.
Schizopetaleæ, 404.
Schizopetalum, 402.
Schizophyceæ, 8, 10, 23, 26.
Schizophyllum, 171.
Schizophyta, 1, 14, 19, 22, 24.
Schœnocaulon, 310.
Schœnoxiphium, 287.
Schœnus, 286.
Schwendenerian Theory, 139.
Sciadium, 51.
Sciadopitys, 267.
Scilla, 312, 314.
Scirpeæ, 285.
Scirpus, 285, 286, 287.
Scirrhia, 131.
Scitamineæ, 276, 278, 323, 328.
Scitonemaceæ, 22, 24, 25, 27.
Scleranthus, 365, 367.
Scleria, 286.
Scleroderma, 175.
Sclerodermataceæ, 175.
Sclerotinia, 116, 134, 135.
Sclerotium, 87, 127.
Scolopendrium, 213, 214.
Scoparia, 525.
Scopolia, 519, 521.
Scorodosma, 496.
Scorzonera, 571, 574.
Scotch Fir, 259, 266.
Scotinosphæra, 47, 51.
Screw Pine, 302.
Scrophularia, 524, 526.
Scrophulariaceæ, 518, 521, 522, 527.
Scutellaria, 536, 539.
Scutellum, 293.
Scyballium, 504.
Scytonema, 22, 26, 176.
Scytonemaceæ, 25.
Sea-holly, 493.
Sea-kale, 403, 405.
Sea-lavender, 514.
Sea-milkwort, 513.
Seaweed, 4.
Sea-wormwood, 574.
Sebacina, 156.
Secale, 127, 295, 296. cornutum, 127.
Sechium, 481.
“Sedimentary-yeast,” 178.
Sedum, 451, 452.
Seed, 247, 248, 249.
Seguieria, 372.
Selaginaceæ, 532, 541.
Selaginella, 200, 203, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 245, 254.
Selaginellaceæ, 231.
Selaginelleæ, 205, 228.
Selago, 541.
Selenastrum, 51.
Selenipedilum, 329, 330.
Seligeria, 196.
Seligeriaceæ, 196.
Semele, 316.
Sempervivum, 151, 451, 452.
Senebiera, 400, 401.
Senecio, 566, 569, 572, 573.
Senecioneæ, 572.
Senna, 468.
Sepals, 235.
Sequoia, 267, 272.
Serapias, 332.
Serjania, 441.
Serratula, 570, 574.
Serum, 33.
Service-tree, 465.
Sesamum, 529.
Seseli, 495.
Seselineæ, 495.
Sesleria, 294.
Sesuvium, 375.
Seta, 186.
Setaria, 295.
Sexual reproduction, 11.
Sheep-seaweed, 84.
Shellac, 356, 434.
Shepherdia, 450.
Shepherd’s-needle, 495.
Shepherd’s-purse, 401.
Sherardia, 552.
“Sichel,” 284.
“Sickle,” 284.
Sicyos, 481.
Sida, 428, 430.
Sideritis, 538.
Sideroxylon, 511.
Sigillariaceæ, 233.
Silaus, 495.
Sileneæ, 367.
Silene, 367.
Siler, 495.
Siliceous earth, 20.
Siliculosæ angustiseptæ, 401. latiseptæ, 400.
Siliqua, 398.
Siliquosæ, 402.
Silk-cotton, 427.
Silphium, 498, 572.
Silver-leaf, 450.
Silybum, 567, 570.
Simaba, 439.
Simaruba, 439.
Simarubaceæ, 438.
Sinapeæ, 404.
Sinapis, 400, 402.
Siphocampylos, 563.
Siphoneæ, 4, 9, 47, 59.
Siphonia, 434.
Siphonocladus, 62.
Sirosiphoniaceæ, 22, 24, 26.
Sisal hemp, 318.
Sisymbriinæ, 404.
Sisymbrium, 399, 402, 410.
Sisyrinchium, 321.
Sium, 494, 498.
Skimmia, 437.
Skull-cap, 539.
Slime-fungi, 1, 4, 5.
Sloe, 461, 462.
Sloth, 8, 356.
Smilaceæ, 316.
Smilacina, 314.
Smilax, 315, 316.
“Smut,” 113, 130.
Smut-fungi, 114.
Snake cucumber, 481.
Snapdragon, 523, 524.
Snowberry, 554.
Snowdrop, 317.
Soapwort, 368.
Soft-grass, 296.
Soja, 471.
Solanaceæ, 514, 518, 520, 522.
Solanine, 522.
Solanum, 238, 521, 522.
Soldanella, 513.
Solenia, 162.
Solidago, 573.
Sollya, 455.
Solomon’s seal, 314.
Sonchus, 153, 571.
Sophora, 469.
Sophoreæ, 469.
Sorbus, 152, 465.
Sordaria, 129.
Sordariaceæ, 129.
Soredia, 141.
Sorghum, 296.
Sori, 205.
Sorocea, 356.
Sorrel, 361.
Southernwood, 574.
Sow-thistle, 571.
Spadicifloræ, 277, 297.
Spadix, 297.
Sparassis, 161.
Sparaxis, 321.
Sparganium, 302, 303.
Sparmannia, 425.
Spartium, 472.
Spathe, 297.
Spathicarpa, 306.
Spathulea, 136.
Spearmint, 541.
Specularia, 562.
Speedwell, 525.
Spergula, 366.
Spergularia, 366.
Spermacoce, 550.
Spermacoceæ, 550.
Spermagonia, 116.
Spermaphyta, 3.
Spermatangia, 81.
Spermatia, 13, 76, 77, 141, 146.
Spermatochnaceæ, 71.
Spermatochnus, 71.
Spermatozoid, 13, 183.
Sperm-nucleus, 245.
Spermocarp, 58.
Spermogonia, 89, 141, 146, 147, 149.
Spermothamnion, 84.
Sphacelaria, 70.
Sphacelariaceæ, 70.
Sphacelia, 125, 126.
Sphacelotheca, 110.
Sphæralcea, 430.
Sphærella, 48, 130.
Sphærellaceæ, 130.
Sphæriales, 129.
Sphærobolaceæ, 173.
Sphærobolus, 173.
Sphærocarpus, 191, 192.
Sphærococcaceæ, 83.
Sphærophorus, 142.
Sphæroplea, 13, 14, 58.
Sphæropleaceæ, 47, 58.
Sphærotheca, 120, 121.
Sphærozosma, 44.
Sphagneæ, 193.
Sphagnum, 186, 188, 192, 194, 195, 197.
Sphenogyne, 566.
Sphenophyllaceæ, 233.
Sphinctrina, 140.
Spigelia, 546.
Spikelet, 285, 287, 289.
Spikes, 285.
Spilanthes, 572.
Spinach, 371.
Spinacia, 371, 372.
Spindle-tree, 444.
Spiræa, 151, 451, 456, 457, 460.
Spiræeæ, 457.
Spiranthes, 331.
Spirilla, 27.
Spirillum, 30.
Spirochætæ, 27.
Spirochæte, 28, 38, 40.
Spirodela, 307.
Spirogyra, 44, 45.
Spirolobeæ, 371, 400.
Spirotænia, 44.
Spirulina, 24.
Splachnaceæ, 197.
Splachnum, 196, 197.
Spondias, 439.
Sponges, 8.
Sporangia, 239.
Sporangial-layers, 88.
Sporangiocarp, 88.
Sporangio-fructification, 87.
Sporangiophore, 88.
Spores, 10. Liberation and Distribution of, 91. Germination of, 93.
Sporidia, 112.
Sporobolus, 295.
Sporocarp, 205, 219.
Sporochnaceæ, 71.
Sporochnus, 71.
Sporogonium, 186.
Sporophylls, 223, 235, 236.
Sporophyte, 181, 186.
Spring-spores, 147.
Spumaria, 8.
Spurge, 431, 432.
Spurge-laurel, 449.
Spurry, 366.
Squamariacæ, 84.
“Squills,” 314.
Squirting cucumber, 480.
Stachydeæ, 538.
Stachys, 538, 541.
Stachytarpheta, 535.
Staehelina, 570.
Stag-truffle, 124.
Stalk, 186.
Stamen, 235, 236.
Staminate, 236.
Stangeria, 253, 254.
Stanhopea, 332.
Stanleyinæ, 404.
Stapelia, 546.
Staphylea, 440.
Staphyleaceæ, 440.
Staphylococcus, 39.
Star-aniseed, 389.
Statice, 514.
Staurastrum, 42, 43, 44.
Steenhammera, 533.
Stegocarpeæ, 195.
Stellaria, 364, 365, 366.
Stellatæ, 550, 552, 553.
Stemless Plants, 1.
Stemonitis, 7, 8.
Stephanospermum, 272.
Stephanosphæra, 48.
Sterculia, 422.
Sterculiaceæ, 422.
Stereocaulon, 143.
Stereum, 162.
Sterigmata, 144, 146.
Sterilization, 32.
Sticta, 134, 137, 143.
Stictidaceæ, 133.
Stictidales, 133.
Stictis, 133.
Stigeoclonium, 54.
Stigma, 3, 250.
Stigmaria, 233.
Stigonema, 26, 142.
Stilbaceæ, 532, 541.
Stilbe, 541.
Stillingia, 434.
Stilophora, 71.
Stilophoraceæ, 71.
Stinkbrand, 113.
Stink-horn, 172, 173.
Stipa, 291, 294, 296.
Stitchwort, 366.
St. John’s-wort, 413.
Stock, 402, 405.
Stonebrand, 113.
Stonecrop, 451.
Stone-wort, 1, 14.
Stork’s-bill, 419.
Stratiotes, 282.
Strawberry, 458.
Strawberry-tree, 508.
Strelitzia, 325.
Streptocarpus, 528.
Streptochæta, 290.
Streptococcus, 39.
Streptopus, 314.
Striaria, 70.
Striariaceæ, 70.
Strickeria, 129, 130.
Stroma, 88.
Stromanthe, 327.
Strophanthus, 544.
Struthiopteris, 209, 214, 254.
Struvea, 9, 62.
Strychnine, 546.
Strychnos, 546.
Sturmia, 332.
Stylar-column, 328. -brush, 567.
Style, 250.
Stylidiaceæ, 564.
Stylidium, 564.
Stylochrysalis, 15.
Stylopod, 492.
Styphelia, 509.
Styracaceæ, 511.
Styrax, 511.
Styrax-balsam, 455.
Subhymenial layer, 167.
Subularia, 393, 399, 400, 401.
Succisa, 517.
Sugar-beet, 372.
Sugar-cane, 289, 293, 296.
Sugar-root, 498.
Sulphur-bacteria, 37, 38.
Sumach, 439.
Summer-spores, 147.
Sundew, 407.
Sun-flower, 572.
Sunn hemp, 473.
“Surface yeast,” 178.
Surirayeæ, 21.
Suspensor, 233, 246, 247.
Swamp cypress, 267.
Swarmspores, 10, 87.
Swede, 405.
Sweet Cicely, 498.
Sweet-flag, 303.
Sweet-gale, 351.
Sweet oil, 547.
Sweet-pea, 470.
Sweet-potato, 517.
Sweet-vernal, 295, 296.
Swertia, 542.
Swietenia, 436.
Swine’s-succory, 571.
Sycamore, 133, 442.
Symbiosis, 85.
Sympetalæ, 336, 504.
Symphoricarpus, 554, 556.
Symphyandra, 562.
Symphyllodium, 257.
Symphytopleura, 387.
Symphytum, 533, 535.
Symploca, 24.
Synalissa, 139.
Synandrium, 306.
Synangium, 212.
Syncarp, 278.
Syncephalis, 100.
Synchytrieæ, 103.
Synchytrium, 103.
Syncrypta, 15.
Synedra, 21.
Synergidæ, 248.
Syngeneticæ, 1, 14, 15, 17, 48.
Syngonium, 306.
Synura, 15.
Syringa, 455, 546, 547, 550.
Systegium, 196.
Systematic division of the Algæ, 14. of Filices, 210. of Fungi, 95. of Monocotyledons, 277. of Thallophytes, 4. of Vascular Cryptogams, 204.
Tabellaria, 19.
Tabellarieæ, 21.
Tabernæmontana, 544.
Taccarum, 306.
Tacona, 284.
Tagetes, 564, 572.
Takamahaka, 438.
Talinum, 373.
Talipot, 298.
Tallow-tree, 434.
Tamaricaceæ, 411.
Tamarind, 466, 468.
Tamarindus, 467.
Tamarisk, 411.
Tamarix, 411, 412.
Tamus, 323.
Tanacetum, 572, 574.
Tanghinia, 544.
Tannin, 490.
Tansy, 572.
Tapetum, 203, 239, 240.
Taphrina, 116, 117, 118.
Taphrinaceæ, 116.
Tapioca, 434.
Tar, 266.
Taraxacum, 571, 566, 574.
Targionia, 191.
Tassel Pond-weed, 279.
Taxaceæ, 259, 272.
Taxeæ, 261.
Taxodiaceæ, 257, 267, 272.
Taxodium, 267.
Taxoideæ, 258, 259.
Taxus, 237, 238, 255, 257, 259, 261, 262, 272.
Tea, 415.
Tea-plant, False, 521.
Tea-rose, 460.
Teak-tree, 535.
Tear-Fungus, 166.
Teasel, 494, 558, 560.
Tecoma, 529.
Tectona, 535.
Teesdalia, 398, 401.
Telegraph-plant, 466.
Teleutospores, 146.
Tellima, 452.
Terebinthinæ, 435.
Terfezia, 124.
Terminalia, 487.
Ternstrœmiaceæ, 414.
Testa, 247, 248.
Testudinaria, 323.
Tetmemorus, 44.
Tetracyclicæ, 505, 514.
Tetradynamia, 398.
Tetragonia, 375.
Tetragonolobus, 471.
Tetraphis, 195, 196, 197.
Tetrapoma, 400.
Tetrapteris, 442.
Tetraspora, 51.
Tetrasporaceæ, 47, 48, 51.
Tetraspores, 10, 76.
Teucrium, 567.
Thalassia, 283.
Thalia, 327.
Thalictrum, 379, 385.
Thallophyta, 1, 4.
Thallus, 1, 4.
Thamnidiaceæ, 99.
Thamnidium, 100.
Thea, 414, 415.
Thecaphora, 110, 114.
Thëin, 374.
Thelebolaceæ, 109.
Thelebolus, 109, 120.
Thelephora, 162, 176.
Thelephoraceæ, 162.
Thelygonum, 372.
Thelypodieæ, 404.
Theobroma, 422, 423.
Theobromine, 423.
Theophrasta, 513.
Thesium, 500.
Thistle, 569.
Thladiantha, 481.