CHAPTER XXXI.

ORDER PEDICULATI: THE ANGLERS.

The Angler-fishes.—The Fishing-frogs: Lophiidæ.—The Sea-devils: 542 Ceratiidæ.—The Frogfishes: Antennariidæ.—The Batfishes: Ogcocephalidæ.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOL. II.

PAGE

Shoulder-girdle of a Flounder, _Paralichthys californicus_ 2

_Palæoniscum frieslebenense_ 14

_Eurynotus crenatus_ 15

_Dorypterus hoffmani_ 16

_Chondrosteus acipenseroides_ 18

_Acipenser sturio_, Common Sturgeon 19

_Acipenser rubicundus_, Lake Sturgeon 20

_Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus_, Shovel-nosed Sturgeon 20

_Polyodon spathula_, Paddle-fish, side-view 21

_Polyodon spathula_, Paddle-fish, view from below 21

_Psephurus gladius_ 21

_Gyrodus hexagonus_ 22

_Mesturus verrucosus_ 23

_Semionotus kapffi_ 24

_Dapedium politum_ 25

_Tetragonolepis semicinctus_ 26

_Isopholis orthostomus_ 27

_Lepisosteus osseus_, Long-nosed Garpike 27

_Caturus elongatus_ 28

_Notagogus pentlandi_ 28

_Ptycholepis curtus_ 28

_Pholidophorus crenulatus_ 29

_Lepisosteus tristœchus_, Alligator-gar 31

Lower Jaw of _Amia calva_, showing the gular plate 33

_Amia calva_, Bowfin (female) 35

_Megalurus elegantissimus_ 36

_Leptolepis dubius_ 41

_Elops saurus_, Ten-pounder 42

_Holcolepis lewesiensis_ 42

_Tarpon atlanticus_, Tarpon or Grand Écaille 43

_Albula vulpes_, Lady-fish 44

_Chanos chanos_, Milkfish 45

_Hiodon tergisus_, Mooneye 45

_Istieus grandis_ 46

_Chirothrix libanicus_ 46

Skeleton of _Portheus molossus_ 47

_Ctenothrissa vexillifera_ 48

_Clupea harengus_, Herring 49

_Pomolobus pseudoharengus_, Alewife 50

_Brevoortia tyrannus_, Menhaden 51

_Diplomystus humilis_ 52

_Dorosoma cepedianum_, Hickory-shad 53

_Anchovia perthecata_, Silver Anchovy 54

_Notogoneus osculus_ 55

_Phareodus testis_ 57

Deposits of Green River Shales, bearing _Phareodus_, at Fossil, 58 Wyoming

A Day's Catch of fossil-fishes, Green River Eocene Shales 59

_Alepocephalus agassizii_ 60

_Coregonus williamsoni_, Rocky Mountain Whitefish 63

_Coregonus clupeiformis_, Whitefish 64

_Argyrosomus nigripinnis_, Bluefin Cisco 66

_Stenodus mackenziei_, Inconnu 67

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, Quinnat Salmon (female) 69

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, King-salmon (grilse) 70

_Oncorhynchus nerka_, Male Red Salmon 70

_Oncorhynchus gorbuscha_, Humpback Salmon (female) 72

_Oncorhynchus masou_, Masu 72

_Oncorhynchus nerka_, Red Salmon (mutilated dwarf male after 76 spawning)

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, Quinnat Salmon (dying after spawning) 77

_Oncorhynchus tschawytscha_, Quinnat Salmon 79

_Salmo irideus shasta_, Rainbow Trout (male) 98

_Salmo irideus shasta_, Rainbow Trout (female) 99

_Salmo rivularis_, Steelhead Trout 101

Head of Adult Trout-worm, _Dibothrium cordiceps_. From intestine 103 of white pelican

Median segments of _Dibothrium cordiceps_ 103

_Salmo henshawi_, Tahoe Trout 104

_Salmo stomias_, Green-back Trout 105

_Salmo macdonaldi_, Yellow-fin Trout of Twin Lakes 105

_Salmo clarkii spilurus_, Rio Grande Trout 106

_Salmo clarkii pleuriticus_, Colorado River Trout 106

_Hucho blackistoni_, Ito 107

_Salvelinus oquassa_, Rangeley Trout 108

_Salvelinus aureolus_, Sunapee Trout 109

_Salvelinus fontinalis_, Speckled Trout (male) 110

_Salvelinus fontinalis_, Speckled Trout 111

_Salvelinus malma_, Malma Trout 113

_Salvelinus malma_, Dolly Varden Trout 114

_Cristivomer namaycush_, Great Lake Trout 114

_Plecoglossus altivelis_, Ayu, or Japanese Samlet 116

_Thymallus signifer_, Alaska Grayling 120

_Thymallus tricolor_, Michigan Grayling 122

_Osmerus mordax_, Smelt 123

_Thaleichthys pretiosus_, Eulachon or Ulchen 124

Page of William Clark's Handwriting with Sketch of the Eulachon 125 (_Thaleichthys pacificus_)

_Mallotus villosus_, Capelin 126

_Salanx hyalocranius_, Icefish 128

_Stomias ferox_ 128

_Chauliodus sloanei_ 129

_Synodus fætens_, Lizard-fish 130

_Ipnops murrayi_ 131

_Cetomimus gillii_ 132

_Diaphus lucidus_, Headlight-fish 132

_Myctophum opalinum_, Lantern-fish 133

_Ceratoscopelus madeirensis_, Lantern-fish 133

_Rhinellus furcatus_ 134

_Plagyodus ferox_, Lancet-fish 135

_Eurypholis sulcidens_ 136

_Eurypholis freyeri_ 137

_Argyropelecus olfersi_ 137

_Aldrovandia gracilis_ 138

_Anguilla chrisypa_, Common Eel 143

_Anguilla chrisypa_, Larva of Common Eel 148

_Simenchelys parasiticus_, Pug-nosed Eel 149

_Synaphobranchus pinnatus_ 149

_Leptocephalus conger_, Conger-eel 150

Larva of Conger-eel, _Leptocephalus conger_ 150

_Xyrias revulsus_ 151

_Myrichthys pantostigmius_ 151

_Ophichthus ocellatus_ 151

_Nemichthys avocetta_, Thread-eel 152

Jaws of _Nemichthys avocetta_ 152

_Muræna retifera_ 153

_Gymnothorax berndti_ 154

_Gymnothorax jordani_ 155

_Gymnothorax moringa_, Moray 155

_Derichthys serpentinus_ 156

_Gastrostomus bairdi_, Gulper-eel 156

_Notacanthus phasganorus_ 158

Inner view of shoulder-girdle of Buffalo-fish (_Ictiobus 160 bubalus_), showing the mesocoracoid

Weberian apparatus and air-bladder of Carp 160

_Brycon dentex_ 162

Pharyngeal bones and teeth of European Chub, _Leuciscus cephalus_ 163

_Rhinichthys dulcis_, Black-nosed Dace 164

_Notropis hudsonius_, White Chub 165

_Ericymba buccata_, Silver-jaw Minnow 165

_Notropis whipplei_, Silverfin 166

_Campostoma anomalum_, Stone-roller 167

Head of Day-chub, _Exoglossum maxillingua_ 167

_Semotilus atromaculatus_, Horned Dace 168

_Abramis chrysoleucus_, Shiner 168

_Ptychocheilus grandis_, Squawfish 169

_Leuciscus lineatus_, Chub of the Great Basin 169

Lower Pharyngeal of _Placopharynx duquesnii_ 171

_Erimyzon sucetta_, Creekfish or Chub-sucker 172

_Ictiobus cyprinella_, Buffalo-fish 173

_Carpiodes cyprinus_, Carp-sucker 173

_Catostomus commersoni_, Common Sucker 174

_Catostomus occidentalis_, California Sucker 174

Pharyngeal teeth of Oregon Sucker, _Catostomus macrocheilus_ 175

_Xyrauchen cypho_, Razor-back Sucker 175

_Felichthys felis_, Gaff-topsail Cat 179

_Galeichthys milberti_, Sea Catfish 179

_Ictalurus punctatus_, Channel Catfish 180

_Ameiurus nebulosus_, Horned Pout 181

_Schilbeodes furiosus_, Mad-tom. Showing the poisoned pectoral 182 spine

_Torpedo electricus_, Electric Catfish 183

_Chlarias breviceps_, African Catfish 185

_Loricaria aurea_, Mailed Catfish from Venezuela 186

_Gnathonemus curvirostris_ 189

_Esox lucius_, Pike 191

_Esox masquinongy_, Muskallunge 192

_Umbra pygmæa_, Mud-minnow 193

_Anableps dovii_, Four-eyed Fish 195

_Cyprinodon variegatus_, Round Minnow 196

_Jordanella floridæ_, Everglade Minnow 197

_Fundulis majalis_, Mayfish (male) 198

_Fundulis majalis_, Mayfish (female) 198

_Zygonectes notatus_, Top-minnow 198

_Empetrichthys merriami_, Death Valley Fish 199

_Xiphophorus helleri_, Sword-tail Minnow (male) 199

_Goodea luitpoldi_, a Viviparous Fish 200

_Chologaster cornutus_, Dismal Swamp Fish 201

_Typhlichthys subterraneus_, Blind Cave-fish 202

_Amblyopsis spelæus_, Blindfish of the Mammoth Cave 203

_Dallia pectoralis_, Alaska Blackfish 206

_Tylosurus acus_, Needle-fish 210

_Scombresox saurus_, Saury 212

_Hyporhamphus unifasciatus_, Halfbeak 212

_Fodiator acutus_, Sharp-nosed Flying-fish 213

_Cypselurus californicus_, Catalina Flying-fish 214

_Chirostoma humboldtianum_, Pescado blanco 217

_Kirtlandia vagrans_, Silverside or Brit 217

_Atherinopsis californiensis_, Blue Smelt or Pez del Rey 218

_Iso flos-maris_, Flower of the Waves 218

_Mugil cephalus_, Striped Mullet 221

_Joturus pichardi_, Joturo or Bobo 222

_Sphyræna barracuda_, Barracuda 223

_Cobitopsis acuta_ 224

Shoulder-girdle of a Threadfin, _Polydactylus approximans_ 225

_Polydactylus octonemus_, Threadfin 225

Shoulder-girdle of a Stickleback, _Gasterosteus aculeatus_ 227

Shoulder-girdle of _Fistularia petimba_, showing greatly extended 227 interclavicle, the surface ossified

_Gasterosteus aculeatus_, Three-spined Stickleback 232

_Apeltes quadracus_, Four-spined Stickleback 232

_Aulostomus chinensis_, Trumpet-fish 234

_Macrorhamphosus sagifue_, Japanese Snipefish 234

_Æoliscus strigatus_, Shrimp-fish 235

_Æoliscus heinrichi_ 235

_Solenostomus cyanopterus_ 237

_Hippocampus hudsonius_, Sea-horse 238

_Zalises umitengu_, Sea-moth 240

_Percopsis guttatus_, Sand-roller 241

_Erismatopterus endlicheri_ 242

_Columbia transmontana_, Oregon Trout-perch 242

Shoulder-girdle of the Opah, _Lampris guttatus_ (_Brünnich_), 243 showing the enlarged infraclavicle

Ligatures_Semiophorus velifer_ 246

_Amphistium paradoxum_ 247

_Zeus faber_, John Dory 248

Skull of a Berycoidfish, _Beryx splendens_, showing the 250 orbitosphenoid

_Beryx splendens_ 251

_Hoplopteryx lewesiensis_ 252

_Paratrachichthys prosthemius_ 253

_Holocentrus ascenscionis_, Soldier-fish 254

_Holocentrus ittodai_ 254

_Ostichthys japonicus_ 255

_Monocentris japonicus_, Pine-cone Fish 256

_Scomber scombrus_, Mackerel 260

_Germo alalunga_, Long-fin Albacore 263

_Scomberomorus maculatus_, Spanish Mackerel 264

_Trichiurus lepturus_, Cutlass-fish 268

_Palæorhynchus glarisianus_ 268

_Xiphias gladius_, Young Swordfish 269

_Xiphias gladius_, Swordfish 270

_Naucrates ductor_, Pilot-fish 273

_Seriola lalandi_, Amber-fish 273

_Trachurus trachurus_, Saurel 274

_Carangus chrysos_, Yellow Mackerel 275

_Trachinotus carolinus_, the Pampano 277

_Cheilodipterus saltatrix_, Bluefish 279

_Rachycentron canadum_, Sergeant-fish 282

_Peprilus paru_, Harvest-fish 284

_Gobiomorus gronovii_, Portuguese Man-of-War Fish 285

_Coryphæna hippurus_, Dolphin or Dorado 287

_Mene maculata_ 288

_Gasteronemus rhombeus_ 289

_Pempheris mulleri_, Catalufa de lo Alto 289

_Pempheris nyctereutes_ 290

_Luvarus imperialis_, Louvar 290

_Aphredoderus sayanus_, Pirate Perch 295

_Elassoma evergladei_, Everglade Pigmy Perch 295

Skull of the Rock Bass, _Ambloplites rupestris_ 296

_Pomoxis annularis_, Crappie 297

_Pomoxis annularis_, Crappie (from life) 298

_Ambloplites rupestris_, Rock Bass 299

_Mesogonistius chætodon_, Banded Sunfish 299

_Lepomis pallidus_, Blue-gill 300

_Lepomis megalotis_, Long-eared Sunfish 300

_Eupomotis gibbosus_, Common Sunfish 301

_Micropterus dolomieu_, Small Mouth Black Bass 303

_Micropterus salmoides_, Large Mouth Black Bass 305

_Perca flavescens_, Yellow perch 308

_Stizostedion canadense_, Sauger 309

_Aspro asper_, Aspron 309

_Zingel zingel_, Zingel 310

_Percina caprodes_, Log-perch 311

_Hadropterus aspro_, Black-sided Darter 311

_Diplesion blennioides_, Green-sided Darter 312

_Boleosoma olmstedi_, Tessellated Darter 312

_Crystallaria asprella_, Crystal Darter 313

_Ammocrypta clara_, Sand-darter 313

_Etheostoma jordani_ 314

_Etheostoma camurum_, Blue-breasted Darter 314

_Apogon retrosella_, Cardinal-fish 316

_Telescopias gilberti_, Kuromutsu 318

_Apogon semilineatus_ 319

_Oxylabrax undecimalis_, Robalo 319

_Morone americana_, White Perch 322

_Promicrops itaiara_, Florida Jewfish 323

_Epinephelus striatus_, Nassau Grouper: _Cherna criolla_ 324

_Epinephelus drummond-hayi_, John Paw or Speckled Hind 325

_Epinephelus morio_, Red Grouper 325

_Epinephelus adscensionis_, Red Hind 326

_Mycteroperca venenosa_, Yellow-fin Grouper 327

_Hypoplectrus unicolor nigricans_ 328

_Epinephelus niveatus_, Snowy Grouper 329

_Rypticus bistrispinus_, Soapfish 330

_Lobotes surinamensis_, Flasher 331

_Priacanthus arenatus_, Catalufa 331

_Pseudopriacanthus altus_, Bigeye 332

_Lutianus griseus_, Gray Snapper 334

_Lutianus apodus_, Schoolmaster 335

_Hoplopagrus guntheri_ 336

_Lutianus synagris_, Lane Snapper or Biajaiba 336

_Ocyurus chrysurus_, Yellow-tail Snapper 337

_Etelis oculatus_, Cachucho 337

_Xenocys jessiæ_ 338

_Aphareus furcatus_ 339

_Hæmulon plumieri_, Grunt 340

_Anisotremus virginicus_, Porkfish 341

_Pagrus major_, Red Tai of Japan 342

_Ebisu_, the Fish-god of Japan, bearing a Red Tai 343

_Stenotomus chrysops_, Scup 344

_Calamus bajonado_, Jolt-head Porgy 345

_Calamus proridens_, Little-head Porgy 345

_Diplodus holbrooki_ 346

_Archosargus unimaculatus_, Salema, Striped Sheepshead 347

_Xystæma cinereum_, Mojarra 348

_Gerres olisthostomus_, Irish Pampano 349

_Kyphosus sectatrix_, Chopa or Rudder-fish 349

_Apomotis cyanellus_, Blue-green Sunfish 350

_Pseudupeneus maculatus_, Red Goatfish or Salmonete 351

_Mullus auratus_, Golden Surmullet 352

_Cynoscion nebulosus_, Spotted Weakfish 353

_Bairdiella chrysura_, Mademoiselle 355

_Sciænops ocellata_, Red Drum 356

_Umbrina sinaloæ_, Yellow-fin Roncador 357

_Menticirrhus americanus_, Kingfish 357

_Pogonias chromis_, Drum 358

_Gnathypops evermanni_ 359

_Opisthognathus macrognathus_, Jawfish 359

_Opisthognathus nigromarginatus_ 360

_Chiasmodon niger_, Black Swallower 360

_Cirrhitus rivulatus_ 364

_Trichodon trichodon_, Sandfish 364

_Anabas scandens_, Climbing Perch 366

_Channa formosana_ 371

_Ophicephalus barca_, Snake-headed China-fish 371

_Cymatogaster aggregatus_, White Surf-fish 372

_Hysterocarpus traski_, Fresh-water Viviparous Perch 373

_Hypsurus caryi_ 373

_Damalichthys argyrosomus_, White Surf-fish 374

_Rhacochilus toxotes_, Thick-lipped Surf-fish 374

_Hypocritichthys analis_, Silver Surf-fish, Viviparous 375

_Hysterocarpus traski_, Viviparous Perch (male) 379

_Hypsypops rubicunda_, Garibaldi 382

_Pomacentrus leucostictus_, Damsel-fish 382

_Glyphisodon marginatus_, Cockeye Pilot 383

_Microspathodon dorsalis_, Indigo Damsel-fish 384

_Tautoga onitis_, Tautog 384

_Tautoga onitis_, Tautog 386

_Lachnolaimus falcatus_, Capitaine or Hogfish 387

_Xyrichthys psittacus_, Razor-fish 388

_Pimelometopon pulcher_, Redfish (male) 389

_Lepidaplois perditio_ 389

Pharyngeals of Italian Parrot-fish, _Sparisoma cretense_. _a_, 391 Upper; _b_, Lower

Jaws of Parrot-fish, _Calotomus xenodon_ 391

_Cryptotomus beryllinus_ 391

_Sparisoma hoplomystax_ 392

_Sparisoma abildgaardi_, Red Parrot-fish 392

Jaws of Blue Parrot-fish, _Scarus cæruleus_ 393

Upper pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, _Scarus strongylocephalus_ 393

Lower pharyngeals of a Parrot-fish, _Scarus strongylocephalus_ 393

_Scarus emblematicus_ 394

_Scarus cæruleus_, Blue Parrot-fish 394

_Scarus vetula_, Parrot-fish 395

_Halichæres bivittatus_, Slippery Dick or Doncella, a fish of the 399 coral-reefs

_Monodactylus argenteus_ 397

_Psettus sebæ_ 399

_Chætodipterus faber_, Spadefish 401

_Chætodon capistratus_, Butterfly-fish 402

_Pomacanthus arcuatus_, Black Angel-fish 403

_Holacanthus ciliaris_, Angel-fish or Isabelita 404

_Holacanthus tricolor_, Rock Beauty 405

_Zanclus canescens_, Moorish Idol 406

_Teuthis cæruleus_, Blue Tang 407

_Teuthis bahianus_, Brown Tang 408

_Balistes carolinensis_, Trigger-fish 412

_Osbeckia lævis_, File-fish 414

_Amanses scopas_, Needle-bearing File-fish 414

_Stephanolepis hispidus_, Common File-fish 415

_Lactophrys tricornis_, Horned Trunkfish, Cowfish, or Cuckold 416

_Ostracion cornutum_, Horned Trunkfish 416

_Lactophrys bicaudalis_, Spotted Trunkfish 416

_Lactophrys bicaudalis_, Spotted Trunkfish (face view) 417

_Lactophrys triqueter_, Spineless Trunkfish 417

_Lactophrys trigonus_, Hornless Trunkfish 418

Skeleton of the Cowfish, _Lactophrys tricornis_ 418

_Lagocephalus lævigatus_, Silvery Puffer 419

_Spheroides spengleri_, Puffer, Inflated 420

_Spheroides maculatus_, Puffer 420

_Tetraodon meleagris_ 421

_Tetraodon setosus_, Bristly Globefish 422

_Diodon hystrix_, Porcupine-fish 422

_Chilomycterus schœpfi_, Rabbit-fish 423

_Mola mola_, Headfish (adult) 424

_Ranzania makua_, King of the Mackerel, from Honolulu 425

_Sebastes marinus_, Rosefish 427

Skull of _Scorpænichthys marmoratus_ 427

_Sebastolobus altivelis_ 428

_Sebastodes mystinus_, Priest-fish 430

_Sebastichthys serriceps_ 431

_Sebastichthys nigrocinctus_, Banded Rockfish 432

_Scorpæna grandicornis_, Lion-fish 433

_Scorpæna mystes_, Sea-scorpion 434

_Pterois volitans_, Lion-fish or Sausolele 435

_Emmydrichthys vulcanus_, Black Nohu or Poison-fish 436

_Snyderina yamanokami_ 437

_Trachicephalus uranoscopus_ 438

_Anoplopoma fimbria_, Skilfish 438

_Pleurogrammus monopterygius_, Atka-fish 439

_Hexagrammos decagrammus_, Greenling 440

_Ophiodon elongatus_, Cultus Cod 440

_Jordania zonope_ 442

_Astrolytes notospilotus_ 442

_Hemilepidotus jordani_, Irish Lord 443

_Triglops pingeli_ 443

_Enophrys bison_, Buffalo Sculpin 443

_Ceratocottus diceraus_ 444

_Elanura forficata_ 444

_Cottus punctulatus_, Yellowstone Miller's Thumb 444

_Uranidea tenuis_, Miller's Thumb 445

_Cottus evermanni_ 445

_Cottus gulosus_, California Miller's Thumb 446

_Myxocephalus niger_, Pribilof Sculpin 446

_Myxocephalus octodecimspinosus_, 18-spined Sculpin 447

_Oncocottus quadricornis_ 447

_Blepsias cirrhosus_ 448

_Hemitripterus americanus_, Sea-raven 448

_Oligocottus maculosus_ 449

_Ereunias grallator_ 450

_Psychrolutes paradoxus_, Sleek Sculpin 451

_Gilbertidia sigolutes_ 451

_Rhamphocottus richardsoni_, Richardson's Sculpin 451

_Stelgis vulsus_ 451

_Draciscus sachi_ 452

_Pallasina barbata_, Agonoid-fish 453

_Aspidophoroides monopterygius_ 453

_Cyclopterus lumpus_, Lumpfish 454

_Crystallias matsushimæ_, Liparid 454

_Neoliparis mucosus_, Snailfish 455

_Prionotus evolans_, Sea-robin 456

_Cephalacanthus volitans_, Flying Gurnard 457

_Peristedion miniatum_ 457

_Philypnus dormitor_, Guavina de Rio 460

_Eleotris pisonis_, Dormeur 460

_Dormitator maculatus_, Guavina mapo 461

_Vireosa hanæ_ 461

_Gobionellus oceanicus_, Esmeralda de Mar 461

_Pterogobius daimio_ 462

_Aboma etheostoma_, Darter Goby 462

_Gillichthys mirabilis_, Long-jawed Goby 463

_Boleophthalmus chinensis_, Pond-skipper 466

_Periophthalmus barbarus_, Mud-skippy 466

_Eutæniichthys gillii_ 467

_Leptecheneis naucrates_, Sucking-fish or Pegador 468

_Rhombochirus osteochir_ 469

_Regalecus russelli_, Glesnæs Oarfish 476

_Trachypterus rex-salmonorum_, Dealfish or King of the Salmon 478

Young Flounder just hatched 482

_Pseudopleuronectes americanus_, Larval Flounder 483

Larval Stages of _Platophrys podas_, a Flounder 484

_Platophrys lunatus_, Peacock Flounder 485

Heterocercal Tail of Young Trout, _Salmo fario_ 486

Homocercal Tail of a Flounder, _Paralichthys californicus_ 486

_Lophopsetta maculata_, Window-pane 487

_Syacium papillosum_, Wide-eyed Flounder 488

_Etropus crossotus_ 489

_Hippoglossus hippoglossus_, Halibut 492

_Paralichthys dentatus_, Wide-mouthed Flounder 493

_Liopsetta putnami_, Eel-back Flounder 494

_Platichthys stellatus_, Starry Flounder 495

_Achirus lineatus_, Hog-choker Sole 496

_Symphurus plagiusa_ 498

_Pteropsaron evolans_ 502

_Bathymaster signatus_ 503

_Ariscopus iburius_ 504

_Astroscopus guttatus_, Star-gazer 505

_Neoclinus satiricus_, Sarcastic Blenny 507

_Gibbonsia evides_, Kelp Blenny 508

_Blennius cristatus_ 508

_Alticus atlanticus_, Rock-skipper 509

_Alticus saliens_, Lizard-skipper 509

_Emblemaria atlantica_ 510

_Scartichthys enosimæ_, Fish of the rock-pools of the sacred 510 island of Enoshima, Japan

_Zacalles bryope_ 511

_Bryostemma tarsodes_ 511

_Exerpes asper_ 511

_Pholis gunnellus_, Gunnel 512

_Xiphistes chirus_ 512

_Ozorthe dictyogramma_ 513

_Stichæus punctatus_ 513

_Bryostemma otohime_ 514

_Ptilichthys goodei_, Quillfish 514

_Blochius longirostris_ 514

_Xiphasia setifera_ 515

_Cryptacanthodes maculatus_, Wrymouth 516

_Anarhichas lupus_, Wolf-fish 517

Skull of _Anarrhichthys ocellatus_ 517

_Zoarces anguillaris_, Eel-pout 518

_Lycodes reticulatus_, Eel-pout 519

_Lycenchelys verrilli_ 519

_Scytalina cerdale_ 519

_Rissola marginata_, Cusk-eel 520

_Lycodapus dermatinus_ 520

_Ammodytes americanus_, Sand-lance 521

_Embolichthys mitsukurii_ 521

_Fierasfer dubius_, Pearlfish, Embedded in Pearl 522

_Fierasfer acus_, Pearlfish 523

_Brotula barbata_ 524

_Lucifuga subterranea_, Blind Brotula 524

_Opsanus pardus_, Leopard Toadfish 525

_Porichthys porosissimus_, Singing Fish (with Many Lateral Lines) 526

_Aspasma ciconiæ_ 530

_Caularchus mæandricus_, Clingfish 531

_Mastacembelus ellipsifer_ 532

_Gadus callarias_, Codfish 533

Skull of Haddock, _Melanogrammus æglifinus_ 536

_Melanogrammus æglifinus_, Haddock 536

_Theragra chalcogramma_, Pollock 537

_Microgadus tomcod_, Tomcod 538

_Lota maculosa_, Burbot 539

_Enchelyopus cimbrius_, Four-bearded Rockling 539

_Merluccius productus_, California Hake 540

_Coryphænoides carapinus_, showing leptocercal tail 540

_Cælorhynchus carminatus_, Grenadier 541

_Steindachnerella argentea_ 541

_Lophius litulon_, Anko or Fishing-frog 545

_Cryptopsaras couesi_ 547

_Ceratias holbolli_, Deep-sea Angler 548

_Caulophryne jordani_ 548

_Pterophryne tumida_, Sargassum-fish, one of the Anglers 549

_Antennarius nox_, Fishing-frog 550

Shoulder-girdle of a Batfish, _Ogcocephalus radiatus_ 551

_Antennarius scaber_, Frogfish 551

_Ogcocephalus vespertilio_ 552

_Ogcocephalus vespertilio_, Batfish 553

_Ogcocephalus vespertilio_, Batfish 553

ERRATA[1] VOL. II

Page xviii, line 7, for _Ophicæphalus_ read _Ophicephalus_

xviii, " 37, for _Mononactylus_ read _Monodactylus_

xix, " 33, for _Trachicephales_ read _Trachicephalus_

xx, " 37, for _Regaleaus glesneacsanius_ read _Regalecus russelli_

xxi, " 2, for _Etopus_ read _Etropus_

xxi, " 35, for _Zoacres_ read _Zoarces_

1, " 7, _for_ jaws _read_ jaw

14, " 9, _for_ hetercoercal _read_ heterocercal

136, " 3, for _Evermannellus_ read _Evermannella_

170, " 11, _for_ the fin _read_ the dorsal fin

171, " 10, _for_ have _read_ has

303, legend, _for_ Lacepède _read_ Lacépède

307, line 14, _for_ vertebrate _read_ vertebral

311, " 12, not clearly stated. The air-bladder is least developed in those species which cling closest to the bottom of the stream

350, legend, for _Apomotes_ read _Apomotis_

355, line 18, _for_ ours _read_ our

357, " 14, _for_ chætodon _read_ Chætodon

358, " 17, for _Scriænidæ_ read _Sciænidæ_

360, " 14, for _Percesoces_ read _Percesoces_

409, " 16, for _naseus_ read _Naseus_

419, " 23, _for_ of the generic of this group _read_ separating the group into genera

440, " 17, _for_ Chinnook _read_ Chinook

459, " 24, _for_ but the most _read_ but most

459, " 25, _for_ thme _read_ them

467, " 14, for _Typhogobius_ read _Typhlogobius_

472, lines 34, _omit_ "but never in the United States". 35, Specimens of _Regalecus_ have been taken at Anclote Key, Florida, and at the Tortugas.

580, col. 3, line 17, _for_ 165 _read_ 105

The adoption of the Code of the International Congress of Zoology necessitates a few changes in generic names used in this book.

Thus _Amia_ (ganoid) becomes _Amiatus_ _Apogon_ becomes _Amia_ _Scarus_ becomes _Callyodon_ _Teuthis_ becomes _Hepatus_ _Acanthurus_ becomes _Monoceros_ _Paramia_ becomes _Cheilodipterus_ _Centropomus_ (_Oxylabrax_) remains _Centropomus_ _Lucioperca_ (_Centropomus_) becomes _Sander_ _Pomatomus_ (_Cheilodipterus_) remains _Pomatomus_ _Nomeus_ (_Gobiomorus_) remains _Nomeus_ _Galeus_ (_Galeorhinus_) remains _Galeus_ _Carcharias_ (_Carcharhinus_) remains _Carcharias_

Footnote 1:

For most of this list of errata I am indebted to the kindly interest of Dr. B. W. Evermann.