Part 4

_Trebizond_ or _Tarobosan_. Ancient: Trapezus. Province of Turkey and its capital, port on the Black Sea. Has belonged to several different empires. There was, during the middle ages, an empire of T. connected with the Byzantine Empire.

_Trent._ Italian: Trento. Italian city, taken from Austria after the World War.

_Trieste_ or _Triest_. Important Adriatic port, gained by Italy after the World War.

_Troy._ Ancient city of Asia Minor where, according to the Homeric legend, the Greeks fought to recover Helen, runaway wife of Menelaus. The country was called Troas, Troad, or Troja. The city was also known as Ilium.

_Troyes._ City of Aube Department, France, of historical importance.

_Tunis._ French protectorate of northern Africa (also called Tunisia) and its capital.

_Turin._ Italian: Torino. Province of Italy and its capital, a leading silk manufacturing center. Formerly capital of the duchy of Savoy and the kingdom of Sardinia.

_Turkestan._ Region of central Asia. Politically, it is in Russia, China, and several minor states.

_Turkey._ Formerly: Turkish or Ottoman Empire. Republic of Asia and eastern Europe. Much reduced in area and importance by a series of wars, including the World War of 1914-1918.

_Tuscany._ Former grand duchy of Italy developed out of the city-state of Florence, now a department or province.

_Tusculum._ Ancient town of Latium where Cato the Censor was born and Cicero had a villa.

_Tyre._ Ancient seaport of Phoenicia. Modern: Sur.

_Tyrol_ or _Tirol_. Former crownland of Austria, part of which, including Trent, is now in Italy. T. is in the Alps.

_Ukraine_ or _Little Russia_. One of the Soviet Republics. Also called: Ukrainia. Officially: Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republics.

_United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland._ The combined kingdoms of England (including Wales), Scotland, and Ireland. The last, except for what is called Northern Ireland, has been taken from the United Kingdom.

_United States of America._ Federal republic of North America. An American (or, in the Latin countries, a North American) is a citizen of the United States, in ordinary usage.

_Ur of the Chaldees._ Locality in ancient Babylonia from which Abram (Abraham) is said to have come.

_Ural._ River and mountains dividing European and Asiatic Russia.

_Urbino._ Former duchy of Italy and its capital, now capital of the department of Pesaro e Urbino. No longer of great importance.

_Uruguay._ River and republic of South America.

_Utica._ Important city of ancient Africa, founded by the Phoenicians.

_Utrecht._ Province of the Netherlands and its capital, an anciently-founded city.

_Valencia._ Old kingdom, now included in Spain. Province of Spain and its capital, a Mediterranean port, which was founded in the second century B. C. The Romans called the city Valentia.

_Valparaiso._ Province of Chile and its capital, a fortified seaport.

_Venetia._ District of northern Italy, the territory belonging to Venice. Now a province of the kingdom.

_Venezuela._ Republic of northern South America.

_Venice._ Italian: Venezia. City of Italy, near the head of the Adriatic. Located on eighty little islands. Of great historical importance.

_Verdun._ City of Meuse Department, France, nearly destroyed in the World War.

_Verona._ Province of Italy and its capital.

_Versailles._ City of France near Paris, of historic importance.

_Vesuvius._ Volcano of southern Italy.

_Vienna._ German: Wien. Capital of Austria, interesting in many ways. Founded by the Romans, has long been important politically and commercially, but has declined somewhat since the World War.

_Vilna._ City of Poland, claimed also by the Lithuanians.

_Volga._ River of Russia.

_Wales._ Principality of Great Britain, which is for most purposes treated as part of England.

_Warsaw._ Polish: Warszawa. Capital of Poland. Of historical and present importance.

_Washington._ City of District of Columbia, capital of U. S. Also, state of U. S., on the Pacific.

_Waterloo._ Town of Brabant, Belgium, where Napoleon was defeated in 1815.

_Weimar._ Capital of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Germany. Important in literary history.

_Wessex._ Former kingdom in southern England, of present interest chiefly because of the writings of Thomas Hardy.

_West Indies._ The group (or groups) of islands between Florida and Venezuela, including the Bahamas, the Antilles, and the Virgin Islands.

_West Point._ Town in the state of New York where the United States Military Academy is located.

_White._ Sea of Russia, opening into the Arctic Ocean.

_Wittenberg._ City of Prussian Saxony, Germany, where the Lutheran Reformation began.

_Wuchang._ City of Hupeh, China.

_Xanthus._ Ancient name of two rivers, one more familiar as the Scamander, q. v. Ancient city of Lycia, Asia Minor.

_Yangtze._ Most important river of China.

_Yellow._ Sea between China and Korea.

_Yokahoma._ Important treaty port and commercial center of Japan.

_York._ City of Yorkshire, England, ecclesiastical center.

_Yorktown._ Town of Virginia where Cornwallis surrendered, practically bringing about the end of the Revolutionary War.

_Ypres._ City of West Flanders, Belgium, about which there was much heavy fighting during the World War.

_Zama_ or _Zama Regia_. Ancient town of northern Africa where Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal, B. C. 202, bringing the second Punic War to an end.

_Zambesi._ River of Africa.

_Zanzibar._ Island on the coast of East Africa a sultanate under British control, and its capital, a seaport.

_Zela._ City of Pontus, Asia Minor, in ancient times. Here Julius Caesar defeated Pharnaces, then writing to Rome, “Veni: Vidi: Vici.” (I came: I saw: I conquered.)

_Zurich._ German: Zürich. Canton of Switzerland and its capital, on the Lake of Z. the chief commercial and industrial city of the republic.

Transcriber's Notes:

Italics are shown thus: _sloping_.

Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.

Perceived typographical errors have been changed.