Part 5

=Bates, Samuel Penniman.= _Ms._, 1827-190-. A Pennsylvania educator of note. Mental and Moral Culture; Liberal Education; History of Pennsylvania Volunteers; History of the Colleges of Pennsylvania.

=Batterson, Hermon Griswold.= _Ct._, 1827-1903. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia. The Missionary Tune Book; The Churchman’s Hymn Book; Christmas Carols and Other Verses; The Pathway of Faith; A Sketch Book of the American Episcopate. _Lip._

=Baxley, Isaac Rieman.= _Md._, 1850- ----. A California versifier whose thought as a whole gains nothing by being expressed in verse. The Temple of Alanthur; The Prophet and Other Poems; Songs of the Spirit; The Bank of Mist.

=Baxter, James Phinney.= _Me._, 1831- ----. An historical writer of Portland, Maine. George Cleves of Casco Bay, 1630-67; Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his Province of Maine; Idyls of the Year, a collection of verse.

=Baxter, Lydia.= _N. Y._, 1809-1874. Gems by the Wayside, a collection of poems. The hymn, The Gates Ajar, is by her.

=Baxter, Sylvester.= _Ms._, 1850- ----. A journalist of Boston, prominent in exploiting the Metropolitan Park system. The Cruise of a Land Yacht, a Boy’s Book of Mexican Travel. _Lit._

=Baxter, William.= _E._, 1820- ----. A clergyman of Cincinnati, whose War Lyrics as originally published in Harper’s Weekly were once widely popular. The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebellion; Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, or Scenes and Incidents of the War in Arkansas. _Meth._

=Bayley, James Roosevelt.= _N. Y._, 1814-1877. A clergyman who entered the Roman Catholic Church from the Episcopal and became archbishop of Baltimore. History of the Catholic Church of New York; Memoirs of Bruté, First Bishop of Vincennes; Pastorals for the People.

=Baylies, Francis.= _Ms._, 1783-1852. An eminent lawyer of Taunton, Massachusetts. Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth.

=Baylor, Frances Courtenay.= _See Barnum, Mrs._

=Beach, David Nelson.= _N. J._, 1848- ----. A prominent Congregational clergyman of Cambridge, and, since 1895, of Minneapolis. The Newer Religious Thinking; How we Rose; Plain Words on Our Lord’s Work; The Intent of Jesus. _Lit. Rob._

=Beal, William James.= _Mch._, 1833- ----. A botanical professor in the Michigan Agricultural College from 1870. The New Botany; The Grasses of North America.

=Beale, Mrs. Maria [Taylor].= _Va._, 1849- ----. A novelist of Arden, North Carolina. Jack O’Doon. _Ho._

=Beard, George Miller.= _Ct._, 1839-1883. A New York physician. American Nervous Diseases: Causes and Consequences; The Scientific Basis of Delusions; Clinical Researches in Electro-Surgery; Medical Uses of Electricity; Physiology of Mind-Reading; Stimulants and Narcotics; Psychology of the Salem Witchcraft and its Practical Application in Our Own Time. Some works of lesser note. _Har. Wo._

=Beardsley, Eben Edwards.= _Ct._, 1808-1891. An Episcopal clergyman of New Haven. History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut; Lives of Samuel Johnson, the First President of King’s College, New York, William Samuel Johnson, President of Columbia College, and Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut. _Hou._

=Beasley, Frederick.= _N. C._, 1777-1845. An Episcopal clergyman who was provost of the University of Pennsylvania. An Examination of the Oxford Divinity; Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind; Reply to Dr. Channing.

=Beck, Theodric Romeyn.= _N. Y._, 1791-1855. A medical writer of Albany. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence (with J. B. Beck).

=Becker, George Ferdinand.= _N. Y._, 1847- ----. A geologist in the United States service. Geology of the Comstock Lode; Atomic Weight Determinations; Geometrical Value of Volcanic Cones; A New Law of Thermo-Chemistry; Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope. Several lesser works.

=Beckett, Sylvester Breakmore.= _Me._, 1812-1882. An author and publisher of Portland, Maine. Hester, the Bride of the Islands, a Poem; Guide Book of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence.

=Bedell= [bē-dĕll´], =Gregory Thurston.= _N. Y._, 1817-1892. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and a valued writer of the evangelical school. The Divinity of Christ; The Profit of Godliness; Pastoral Theology; Principles of Pastorship; The Age of Indifference; Episcopacy; Fact and Law. A few minor works.

=Bedell, Gregory Townsend.= _N. Y._, 1793-1834. Father of G. T. Bedell, _supra_. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia, once famous as a preacher. Renunciation; Ezekiel’s Vision; Sermons were his chief works. _See Life by Tyng, 1836._

=Beecher, Catherine Esther.= _L. I._, 1800-1878. Daughter of L. Beecher, _infra_. A New England educator of much celebrity at one time, who wrote with the ardour of sincerest conviction. Domestic Economy; Physiology and Calisthenics; Letters to the People; Religious Training of Children; Domestic Service, True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman. _See Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record._ _Har._

=Beecher, Charles.= _Ct._, 1815-1900. Son of L. Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman. Patmos; Pen Pictures of the Bible; The Eden Tableau; Redeemer and Redeemed. He edited his father’s Life and Correspondence. _Har. Le._

=Beecher, Edward.= _L. I._, 1803-1895. Son of L. Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman of Illinois, and later of Brooklyn, whose attainments must be considered as the most solid of those of any of the famous children of Lyman Beecher. In his Conflict of Ages (1853) was struck the earliest note of the liberal theology now dominant in the Congregational churches. The more important of his other works include Papal Conspiracy Exposed; Baptism; History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution. _Ap._

=Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White [Bullard].= _Ms._, 1812-1897. Wife of H. W. Beecher, _infra_. From Dawn to Daylight: a Simple Story; Motherly Talks with Young Housekeepers; All around the House, or How to Make Homes Happy; Letters from Florida; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him. _Ap._

=Beecher, Henry Ward.= _Ct._, 1813-1887. Son of Lyman Beecher, _infra_. A Congregational clergyman widely famous as the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 1847-87. He was an earnest, large-hearted man, though not a deep thinker, and his cheerful influence upon middle-class American thought was very extensive. His literary work can hardly be said to possess enduring excellence, and much of it is already forgotten, graphic and picturesque as it often is. Eyes and Ears; Life Thoughts; Star Papers; Yale Lectures on Preaching; Lectures to Young Men; Speeches on the American Rebellion; Doctrinal Beliefs and Unbeliefs; Life of Jesus the Christ. His only novel, Norwood, is a collection of successful character studies rather than a finished story. _See Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Lyman Abbott, 1883; J. Howard, 1887; Barrows, 1893; Henry Ward Beecher: a Study, 1891; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him, by his wife; North American Review, vol. 144._ _Ap. Fo. Har._

=Beecher, Lyman.= _Ct._, 1775-1863. A Congregational clergyman of wide fame. While in Boston he was a zealous opponent of Unitarianism, and as president of Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati was noted as an outspoken enemy of slavery. He was a bold thinker, much in advance of his contemporaries. Sermons on Temperance; Views in Theology; Scepticism; Political Atheism. _See Life and Correspondence, edited by Charles Beecher, 1864._ _Har._

=Beecher, Thomas Kinnicut.= _Ct._, 1824-1900. Son of L. Beecher, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman of Elmira, N. Y. Our Seven Churches.

=Beecher, Willis Judson.= _O._, 1838- ----. A professor of Hebrew in the Auburn Theological Seminary. Farmer Tompkins and his Bible; Drill Lessons in Hebrew; Testimony of the Historical Books.

=Beers, Mrs. Ethelinda [Eliot].= “Ethel Lynn.” _N. J._, 1827-1879. General Frankie, a juvenile tale; All Quiet Along the Potomac and Other Poems. _Co._

=Beers, Henry Augustin.= _N. Y._, 1847- ----. A professor of English literature at Yale University. The Ways of Yale; A Suburban Pastoral and Other Stories; From Chaucer to Tennyson; Life of N. P. Willis, _infra_; Outline Sketch of English Literature; Initial Studies in American Letters. Verse: Odds and Ends; The Thankless Muse. _Fl. Ho. Hou. Meth._

=Belcher, Joseph.= _E._, 1794-1859. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, who came thither from England in 1844. His complete works number over 200 volumes. Among them are The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; The Clergy of America; History of Religious Denominations in the United States; Hymns and their Authors.

=Belknap= [bĕl´năp], =Jeremy.= _Ms._, 1744-1798. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose History of New Hampshire ranks as the best among local State histories, and is accurate as it is entertaining. His other works include American Biographies; The Foresters: an American Tale. _See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 67._

=Bell, Charles Henry.= _N. H._, 1823-1893. A New Hampshire lawyer and Congressman, governor of his State, 1881-83. The Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. _Hou._

=Bell, John.= _I._, 1796-1872. A physician and medical lecturer, among whose writings are Health and Beauty; Regimen and Longevity.

=Bell, Lilian.= _Ky._, 1867- ----. A Chicago novelist. The Love Affairs of An Old Maid; A Little Sister to the Wilderness. _Har. St._

=Bell, Zura.= _See Williamson, Julia._

=Bellamy, Charles Joseph.= _Ms._, 1852- ----. A journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Breton Mills: a Novel; Everybody’s Lawyer; The Way Out: Suggestions for Social Reform. _Put._

=Bellamy, Edward.= _Ms._, 1850-1898. Brother of C. J. Bellamy, _supra_. A socialist reformer whose Utopian theories embodied in the tale Looking Backward, 2000-1887, have been very widely read, and have resulted in the formation of several societies and communities that endeavour to put some of them in practice. His other works include Six to One: a Nantucket Idyl; Dr. Heidenhoff’s Process, a novel; Miss Ludington’s Sister: a Romance of Immortality; Equality; The Blindman’s World, and Other Stories; The Duke of Stockbridge. _Ap. Hou._

=Bellamy, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitfield [Croom].= “Kamba Thorpe.” _Fl._, 1838-1900. A novelist of Mobile. Four Oaks; Little Joanna; Penny Lancaster Farmer; Old Man Gilbert; The Luck of the Pendennings. _Ap._

=Bellamy, Joseph.= _Ct._, 1719-1790. A Congregational minister of the Edwards school, settled at Bethlehem, Connecticut, for a half century. He founded a divinity school in his parish, and trained many men there who were afterwards famous among New England ministers. True Religion Delineated; The Law our Schoolmaster; The Half-Way Covenant; The Nature and Glory of the Gospel, are a few of his publications. _See Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 43; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit._

=Bellamy, William.= _Ms._, 1846- ----. A Boston writer who has published, in verse, A Century of Charades; A Second Century of Charades. _Hou._

=Bellows, Henry Whitney.= _N. H._, 1814-1882. A Unitarian clergyman of prominence in New York city, well known at one time as the president of the United States Sanitary Commission. Restatements of Christian Doctrine; Sermons; Relation of Public Amusements to Public Morality; The Old World in its New Face. _See Unitarian Review, vol. 67._ _A. U. A. Har._

=Belrose, Louis.= _Pa._, 1845-1894. A writer whose only published work of note is Thorns and Flowers, a volume of verse.

=Bemis, Edward Webster.= _Ms._, 1860- ----. A professor of economics in the University of Chicago. History of Co-operation in the United States; Municipal Ownership of Gas in the United States.

=Bender, Prosper.= _Q._, 1844- ----. A Canadian physician, a littérateur, who since 1883 has practiced his profession in Boston. Old and New Canada; Literary Sheaves, or La Littérature au Canada-Français.

=Benedict, David.= _Ct._, 1779-1874. A Baptist clergyman of Pawtucket. History of the Baptists; History of All Religions; Fifty Years Among the Baptists; Compendium of Ecclesiastical History; History of the Donatists, comprise his principal works.

=Benedict, Erastus Cornelius.= _Ct._, 1800-1880. A jurist of New York city. The American Admiralty: its Jurisdiction and Practice.

=Benedict, Frank Lee.= _N. Y._, 1834- ----. A novelist of New York city. Miss Van Kortland; My Daughter Elinor; The Price She Paid; John Worthington’s Name; Miss Dorothy’s Charge; St. Simon’s Niece; ’Twixt Hammer and Anvil; Her Friend Laurence; A Late Remorse; Madame; The Shadow-Worshipper and Other Poems. _Har. Lip._

=Benezet, Anthony.= _F._, 1713-1784. A Quaker philanthropist of Philadelphia, whose tracts on slavery first aroused the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject. _See Memoir by R. Vaux, 1817._

=Benjamin, Judah Philip.= _W. I._, 1811-1884. A prominent New Orleans lawyer who became attorney-general of the Confederacy during the Civil War. At its close he went to England, and speedily became eminent in his profession there. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property is the standard work on the subject. _See The Athenæum, vol. 88._

=Benjamin, Park.= _B. G._, 1809-1864. A poet and journalist of New York city, whose verse, mainly lyrical in character, has not been collected. The Old Sexton is the best remembered example.

=Benjamin, Park, Jr.= _N. Y._, 1849- ----. Son of P. Benjamin, _supra_. A New York lawyer whose specialty is patent law. Shakings: Etchings for the Naval Academy; Wrinkles and Receipts: Suggestions for the Mechanic, Engineer, etc.; The Age of Electricity; The Intellectual Rise in Electricity: a History. _Ap. Scr. Wil._

=Benjamin, Samuel Green Wheeler.= _Gr._, 1837- ----. A contributor to the field of general literature; at one period minister to Persia. Art in America; Contemporary Art in Europe; The Atlantic Islands; Troy: its Legend, Literature, and Topography; A Group of Etchers; Persia and the Persians; The Story of Persia; The Cruise of the Alice May in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Sea Spray, or Facts and Fancies of a Yachtsman. _Ap. Har. Hou. Lo. Scr._

=Bennett, Charles Wesley.= _N. Y._, 1828-1891. A Methodist clergyman prominent in educational matters. National Education in Italy, France, Germany, England, and Wales, Popularly Considered; Christian Art and Archæology of the First Six Centuries. _Meth._

=Bennett, De Robique Mortimer.= _N. Y._, 1818-1882. A noted free-thinker who was several times arrested and imprisoned on account of his extreme views. The World’s Reformers; Champions of the Church; From Behind the Bars; An Infidel Abroad; A Truth Seeker Around the World.

=Bennett, Edmund Hatch.= _Vt._, 1824-1898. A New England jurist, dean of the Boston University Law School. English Law and Equity Reports; Fire Insurance Cases; Leading Cases in Criminal Law. He has also edited many legal works of importance. _Hou._

=Bennett, Emerson.= _Ms._, 1822- ----. A Philadelphia writer of sensational romances quite worthless as literature, but which have been very popular. Prairie Flower, Leni Leoti, are perhaps the most noted of his fifty or more novels.

=Bensel, James Berry.= _N. Y._, 1856-1886. A verse-writer whose lines are often musical and pathetic, though sometimes lacking in finish. In the King’s Garden, and Other Poems; King Cophetua’s Wife, a novel. _Lo._

=Benson, Carl.= _See Bristed._

=Benson, Egbert.= _N. Y._, 1746-1833. A jurist and politician. Vindication of the Captors of Major André; Memoir on Dutch Names of Places.

=Benson, Eugene.= _N. Y._, 1840- ----. An American artist long resident in Italy. Gaspara Stampa, a biography; Art and Nature in Italy. _Rob._

=Benton, Joel.= _N. Y._, 1832- ----. A verse-writer and critic. Under the Apple Boughs, a collection of verse; Emerson as a Poet. _Ho._

=Benton, Thomas Hart.= _N. C._, 1782-1858. An eminent statesman who represented Missouri in the United States Senate for 30 years. His political writing is notable for its simple, direct style and absence of invective. Speeches; Thirty Years’ View; History of the Workings of Congress, 1820-50; Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, 1789-1856. _See Life by T. Roosevelt._ _Ap._

=Berard, Augusta Blanche.= _N. Y._, 1824-1901. An educational writer of West Point. School History of the United States; School History of England; Manual of Spanish Art and Literature; Reminiscences of West Point in the Olden Time.

=Berg, Joseph Frederick.= _W. I._, 1812-1871. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Philadelphia and a once noted controversialist. Lectures on Romanism; Rome’s Policy towards the Bible are among his writings.

=Berg, Louis de Coppet.= _N. Y._, 1856- ----. An architect and civil engineer of New York city, who has published a valuable work on Safe Building.

=Bergh, Henry.= _N. Y._, 1823-1888. A New York philanthropist who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Streets of New York, a volume of sketches; Love’s Alternative, a drama; Married Off, a poem.

=Bernheim, Gotthardt Dellman.= 1827- ----. A Lutheran clergyman at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, from 1883. The Success of God’s Work; Localities of the Reformation; History of the German Settlements in North and South Carolina.

=Berrian, William.= 1787-1862. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Trinity Church, New York city, 1830-62. Travels in France and Italy; Devotions for the Sick Room; On Communion; Enter thy Closet; The Sailors’ Manual; Recollections of Departed Friends; Family and Private Prayers; Historical Sketch of Trinity Church.

=Bessey, Charles Edwin.= _O._, 1845- ----. A botanical professor in the University of Nebraska. Geography of Iowa; Botany for High Schools and Colleges; The Essentials of Botany. _Ho._

=Bethune= [beh-thoon´], =George Washington.= _N. Y._, 1805-1862. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Brooklyn of considerable note as a preacher. Orations and Discourses; Fruits of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Lays of Love and Faith, a volume of verse, are some of his works. He was an ardent fisherman, and edited Walton’s Complete Angler. _See Memoir by Van Nest._

=Betts, Craven Langstroth.= _N. B._, 1853- ----. Songs from Béranger; The Perfume Holder: A Persian Love Poem; co-author with A. W. H. Eaton (_infra_) of Tales of a Garrison Town. _Sto._

=Beverley, Robert.= _Va._, 1675-1716. A writer whose one work, a History of the Present State of Virginia, 1705, is full of life and vigour. In it occurs the phrase “the almighty power of gold,” which anticipates Irving’s “almighty dollar.” _See Tyler’s American Literature; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 62-67._

=Bianciardi, Mrs. Elizabeth Dickinson [Rice].= _Ms._, _c._ 1833-1885. At Home in Italy. _Hou._

=Bickmore, Albert Smith.= _Me._, 1839- ----. An ethnologist, since 1885 the curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. Travels in the East Indian Archipelago; The Ainos or Hairy Men of Jesso, Saghalien, etc.; Sketch of a Journey from Canton to Hankow.

=Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel.= _Pa._, 1874- ----. A journalist and publisher of Philadelphia. A Dual Role, and Other Stories; An Allegory and Three Essays; The Madeira Islands; The Froggy Fairy Book.

=Biddle, Charles John.= _Pa._, 1819-1873. Son of N. Biddle, _infra_. An officer in the United States Army, and afterwards a journalist in Philadelphia, who is best known by his careful monograph, The Case of Major André.

=Biddle, Nicholas.= _Pa._, 1786-1844. A financier of Philadelphia famous in political history as the president of the United States Bank. A Commercial Digest; History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clark to the Missouri River. _See Memoir, by Conrad._

=Biddle, Richard.= _Pa._, 1796-1847. Brother of N. Biddle, _supra_. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, with a Review of the History of Maritime Discovery.

=Bigelow, Mrs. Edith Evelyn [Jaffray].= _N. Y._, 1861- ----. Wife of P. Bigelow, _infra_. Diplomatic Disenchantments, a novel. _Har._

=Bigelow, Erastus Brigham.= _Ms._, 1814-1879. A noted New England inventor of carpet looms. The Tariff Question considered in regard to the Policy of England and the Interest of the United States; The Tariff Policy of England and United States Contrasted.

=Bigelow, Jacob.= _Ms._, 1787-1879. A famous physician of Boston who established Mount Auburn cemetery. History of Mount Auburn; A Brief Exposition of Rational Medicine; Modern Inquiries, classical, professional, and miscellaneous; Remarks on Classical and Utilitarian Studies; American Medical Botany; Nature in Disease. _See Memoir, by Ellis._

=Bigelow, John.= _N. Y._, 1817- ----. A prominent New York journalist, at one time United States Minister to France. Life of Benjamin Franklin; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel Tilden; Jamaica in 1850; Les États Unis d’Amérique en 1863; Some Recollections of Antoine Pierre Berryer; France and Hereditary Monarchy; Wit and Wisdom of the Haytiens; Molinos the Quietist; France and the Confederate Navy: an International Episode; The Mystery of Sleep. He has edited complete editions of the works of Franklin and Tilden. _Har. Hou. Lip. Scr._

=Bigelow, John, Jr.= _N. Y._, 1854- ----. Son of John Bigelow, _supra_. A United States cavalry officer. The Principles of Strategy, illustrated chiefly from American Campaigns. _Lip._

=Bigelow, Melville Madison.= _Mch._, 1846- ----. A lawyer and law lecturer of Boston. The Law of Bills; English Procedure in the Norman Period; The Law of Fraud; Elements of Equity; Elements of the Law of Torts; Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases from William I. to Richard I.; Law of Wills, Notes, and Cheques; The Law of Fraud on its Civil Side; The Law of Estoppel and its Application to Practice; Leading Cases in the Law of Torts, comprise his principal works. He has also edited the 8th edition of Story’s Conflict of Laws, and published a volume of original verse, Rhymes of a Barrister. _Hou. Lit._

=Bigelow, Poultney.= _N. Y._, 1855- ----. Son of John Bigelow, _supra_. The German Emperor and his Eastern Neighbors; The Borderland of Czar and Kaiser; History of the German Struggle for Liberty; White Man’s Africa; The Children of the Nations. _Har._

=Biglow, William.= _Ms._, 1773-1844. An educator of Boston. History of Natick; History of Sherburne; The Youth’s Library; Introduction to the Making of Latin.

=Billings, John Shaw.= _Ind._, 1838- ----. Formerly surgeon U. S. A. Upon the consolidation of the New York city libraries, he was made chief librarian. His chief work is a voluminous Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s office. Others are Hygienics of the United States Army Barracks; Mortality and Vital Statistics of the United States Army.

=Billings, Josh.= _See Shaw, Henry._

=Binney, Amos.= _Ms._, 1803-1847. A once prominent physician and naturalist of Boston. Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States.

=Binney, Horace.= _Pa._, 1780-1875. A noted jurist of Philadelphia. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1799-1814; Leaders of the Old Bar of Philadelphia; Inquiry into the Formation of Washington’s Farewell Address.

=Binney, William Greene.= _Ms._, 1833- ----. Son of A. Binney, _supra_. A well-known conchologist of Burlington, New Jersey. Besides completing his father’s work on mollusks he has written Bibliography of North American Conchology; Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America; Catalogues of the Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of North America.

=Bird, Frederick Mayer.= _Pa._, 1838- ----. Son of R. M. Bird, _infra_. An Episcopal clergyman widely known as an hymnologist. He has edited The Lutheran Ministerium Hymns (with Smucker); Songs of the Spirit (with Bishop Odenheimer); published Charles Wesley seen in his Finer and Less Familiar Pieces; and contributed extensively to the critical literature of his subject.