Part 4

=Baker, Mrs. Julia Keim [Wetherill].= _Mi._, 1858- ----. A journalist of New Orleans. Wings: a Novel.

=Baker, William Mumford.= _D. C._, 1825-1883. A popular novelist who was a Presbyterian clergyman in the Southwest until 1870, and afterwards the pastor of a church in Boston. He was a vigourous writer of considerable originality, whose earlier works possess historic interest as pictures of a now past stage of civilization in the Southern States. Inside: a Chronicle of Secession; The Virginians in Texas; Oak Mot; The New Timothy; Mose Evans; His Majesty Myself; Blessed St. Certainty; Thirlmore; Carter Quarterman; A Year Worth Living; Colonel Dunwoddie: Millionaire; The Making of a Man; The Ten Theophanies: the Manifestations of Christ before his Birth in Bethlehem; John Westacott, a juvenile tale. _Har. Le. Ran. Rob._

=Balch, William Stevens.= _Vt._, 1806-1887. A Universalist clergyman, long resident at Elgin, Illinois, and author of Lectures on Language; Grammar of the English Language; Ireland as I Saw It; A Peculiar People.

=Baldwin, James Mark.= _S. C._, 1861- ----. A professor of psychology at Princeton University since 1893. Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental Development in the Child and Man; a translation of Ribot’s “German Psychology of To-Day.” _Ho. Mac._

=Baldwin, John Denison.= _Ct._, 1809-1883. A journalist of Worcester, Massachusetts. Raymond Hill, a Poem; Pre-Historic Nations; Ancient America. _Har._

=Baldwin, Joseph G.= _Va._, 1811-1864. A once popular humourous writer who was a jurist of prominence in Alabama and afterwards of California, of which State he became chief justice. Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi; Party Leaders, able papers on Southern statesmen.

=Baldwin, Mrs. Lydia Wood.= _Ms._, 1836- ----. Rubina; A Yankee School-Teacher in Virginia. _Fu._

=Balestier, Charles Wolcott.= 1861-1891. An American writer who established himself as a publisher in London, and whose sister was married to Rudyard Kipling the novelist. A Fair Device; Life of Blaine; A Victorious Defeat; Benefits Forgot; The Naulahka (with Rudyard Kipling); A Common Story. _See Century Magazine, April, 1892._ _Ap. Har._

=Ballou, Adin.= _R. I._, 1803-1890. A Universalist clergyman of Milford, Massachusetts. Christian Non-Resistance Defended; Treatise on Spirit Manifestations; Primitive Christianity and its Corruptions; History of the Town of Milford. _See New England Magazine, April, 1891._

=Ballou, Hosea.= _N. H._, 1771-1852. A Universalist theologian of note in New England, and one of the founders of American Universalism. With his son he established the Universalist Quarterly. Treatise on Atonement; Notes on the Parables; An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution. _See Lives, by M. M. Ballou; Whittemore, 1854; Safford, 1889. See Universalist Review, vol. 41._

=Ballou, Hosea.= _Vt._, 1796-1861. Nephew of H. Ballou, _supra_. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of Tufts College, 1854-61. Ancient History of Universalism.

=Ballou, Maturin Murray.= _Ms._, 1820-1895. Son of H. Ballou, 2nd. The founder and editor of several periodicals in Boston which bore his name, and, in his later years, a traveler to all parts of the world. History of Cuba; Life of Hosea Ballou; Due West, or Round the World in Ten Months; Due South, or Cuba Past and Present; Due North: Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia; Under the Southern Cross: Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.; Alaska: The New Eldorado; Aztec Land; The Story of Malta; The Pearl of India, a description of Ceylon; Equatorial America, a description of visits to the Lesser Antilles and to South American capitals; Footprints of Travel. _Gi. Hou._

=Ballou, Moses.= _Ms._, 1811-1879. A nephew of H. Ballou, 1st, and, like him, a Universalist clergyman. The Divine Character Vindicated.

=Bancroft, Aaron.= _Ms._, 1755-1839. A Unitarian clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1785-1839, who was prominent in the earlier days of the Unitarian movement as a writer in its behalf. Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel; A Life of Washington. _Co._

=Bancroft, Edward.= _Ms._, 1744-1821. A physician who resided chiefly in London, where he was supposed to have been a spy of the English Government during the American Revolution. Natural History of Guiana; Researches concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colors; Charles Wentworth: a Novel; and several political works.

=Bancroft, George.= _Ms._, 1800-1891. Son of A. Bancroft, _supra_. An eminent historian who was United States minister to England, 1846-49, and to Prussia and Germany, 1867-74. He was inclined to view history from the philosophic standpoint, and his political experiences gave him insight into motives. In his estimates of men he made smaller allowance for the relative values of the testimony of different periods than is now customary among historians. He paid much attention to style, but sometimes erred in regard to over-ornament. His manner, however, where not laboured, is attractive and often dramatic. The first volume of The History of the United States appeared in 1834, the second in 1837, the third in 1840, and the succeeding ones 1852-74. A revised edition was issued in 1876, while volumes 11 and 12 of the first edition were published in 1882 as The History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States. The latest revised edition was printed 1884-85. Minor works include Martin Van Buren to the End of his Public Career; Literary and Historical Miscellanies; Memorial Address on Abraham Lincoln; A Plea for the Constitution of the United States wounded in the House of its Guardians. _See Annual Cyclopedia, 1891; Century Magazine, vol. 11; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 100-110._ _Ap. Har._

=Bancroft, Hubert Howe.= _O._, 1832- ----. An historical writer whose works, exceedingly comprehensive in their scope, were prepared with the assistance of a number of collaborateurs. The Native Races of the Pacific States, 5 volumes; History of the Pacific States of North America, including Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon, British Columbia, 39 volumes; The Early American Chroniclers; Popular History of the Mexican People; Literary Industries. _See Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 152-156. Ap. Har._

=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse.= _Sd._, 1830- ----. An archæologist of Swiss birth, whose life has been chiefly spent in the United States. The Art of War and Mode of Warfare; Tenure of Land and Inheritances of the Ancient Mexicans; Historical Introduction to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico; Archæological Tour in Mexico in 1881; The Delight Makers, a novel of Pueblo Indian Life. _Ap. Do._

=Bangs, John Kendrick.= _N. Y._, 1862- ----. A humourous writer of Yonkers, New York, and one of the founders of “Life.” Three Weeks in Politics; Coffee and Repartee; The Idiot; The Water Ghost; Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica; A House Boat on the Styx; The Bicyclers and Other Farces; Toppleton’s Client; A Rebellious Heroine. _Har._

=Bangs, Nathan.= _Ct._, 1778-1862. An active Methodist theologian and controversialist, very prominent in the literary history of his church and a most prolific writer. Among his works are comprised History of the Methodist Episcopal Church to 1840; Errors of Hopkinsianism; Life of Arminius; Letters to a Young Preacher; Letters on Sanctification; Methodist Episcopacy. _See Life and Times of, by Abel Stevens._ _Meth._

=Banks, Louis Albert.= _Or._, 1855- ----. A prominent Methodist clergyman. The Saloon Keeper’s Ledger, a series of Temperance Discourses; The Fisherman and his Friends; Common Folks’ Religion; Revival Quiver, a Record of Revival Campaigns; The People’s Christ; White Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor; The Honeycombs of Life; Christ and His Friends. _Fu. Le. Meth._

=Banister, John.= _E._, 16-- -1692. A Virginia botanist who assisted the English naturalist, John Ray. Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica; Insects of Virginia; Curiosities of Virginia; The Unseen Lupus; The Pistolochia, or Serpentaria Virginiana. The genus Banisteria was named in his honour.

=Banneker, Benjamin.= _Md._, 1731-1806. An astronomer and mathematician of African descent, who assisted in the original survey of the District of Columbia and published an astronomical almanac 1792-1806. _See Lives, by Latrobe, 1845; Norris, 1854; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1863; Catholic World, vol. 38._

=Banvard, John.= 1814-1891. An artist and poet whose famous panorama of the Mississippi covered 3 miles of canvas. He wrote much indifferent verse, and published books of a miscellaneous nature. Amasis, The Last of the Pharaohs, afterwards dramatized by him; Carrinia: a Drama; Description of the Mississippi River; Pilgrimage to the Holy Land; The Private Life of a King; A Tradition of the Temple: a Poem.

=Banvard, Joseph.= _N. Y._, 1810-1887. Brother of J. Banvard, _supra_. A Baptist clergyman of Massachusetts who beside contributing somewhat largely to Sunday-school literature wrote much in other directions. Romance of American History; Plymouth and the Pilgrims; Novelties of the New World, or Adventures and Discoveries of the First Explorers; Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland; The American Statesman: a Memoir of Webster; Southern Explorers; Soldiers and Patriots of the Revolution; Priscilla: an Historical Tale. _Lo. Mer._

=Baraga, Friedric.= _A._, 1797-1868. A Roman Catholic missionary who came to America in 1830 from Austria, and became bishop of Sault St. Marie in 1852. He devoted himself to mission work among the Chippewa or Ojibway Indians, and beside writing several books in their tongue prepared a Grammar and Dictionary of the Otchipewe Language.

=Barbe, Waitman.= _W. Va._, 1864- ----. A resident of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Ashes and Incense, a volume of notable verse; In the Virginias, a collection of short stories. _Lip._

=Barber, John Warner.= _Ct._, 1798-1885. An industrious annalist whose compilations though of slight literary merit are valuable as historical material not so readily accessible elsewhere. Historical Collections of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio, the four last being prepared with the assistance of Henry Howe, _infra_; History of New Haven; Elements of General History; Historical Scenes in the United States.

=Barbour, John Humphrey.= _Ct._, 1854-1900. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of New Testament interpretation at the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut. Beginnings of the Historic Episcopate.

=Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo.= _N. Y._, 1811-1889. An eminent lawyer of New York State. Equity Digest; Criminal Law; The Law of Set-Off; Practice of the Court of Chancery; Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law, and many legal reports.

=Barclay, James Turner.= _Va._, 1807-1874. A leading clergyman of the Campbellite faith, for many years a missionary at Jerusalem. He is best known as the author of The City of the Great King, a description of Jerusalem.

=Barker, Fordyce.= _N. H._, 1818-1891. A New York physician of prominence and a professor in the Bellevue Hospital from 1860. On Sea-Sickness; On Puerperal Diseases. _Ap._

=Barker, George Frederic.= _Ms._, 1835- ----. A professor of physics in the University of Pennsylvania since 1873. Correlation of Vital and Physical Forces; Text Book of Elementary Chemistry.

=Barker, James Nelson.= _Pa._, 1784-1858. A Philadelphia poet and playwright who was comptroller of the United States Treasury 1838-50. His dramas include Marmion; The Indian Princess; Superstition; Smiles and Tears.

=Barlow, Joel.= _Ct._, 1754-1812. A prominent literary figure in the early days of the republic. His verse for the most part is stilted and declamatory. The Columbiad, his most ambitious poem, is now unread, but Hasty Pudding, a poetical reminiscence of New England among Italian scenes, still affords pleasant reading, and is genuinely humourous. The Vision of Columbus, The Conspiracy of Kings, are his only other works of any note. _See Life by Todd, 1896; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 58._

=Barnard, Charles.= _Ms._, 1838- ----. A writer and lecturer of New York city who was an editorial contributor to The Century Dictionary. The Tone Masters; The Soprano; My Ten Rod Farm; Farming by Inches; A Simple Flower Garden; The Strawberry Garden; Legilda Romanoff; Knights of To-Day; Co-operation as a Business; A Dead Town, a Romance of the Old Country; Talks about the Weather; Talks about the Soil. _Put. Scr._

=Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter.= _Ms._, 1809-1889. An educational writer who was president of Columbia College, 1864-89. History of the United States Coast Survey; Imaginary Metrological System of the Great Pyramid; The Undulatory Theory of Light; Letters on College Government. _See Memoirs of, by John Fulton, 1896._ _Wil._

=Barnard, Henry.= _Ct._, 1811-1900. A noted advocate of educational reforms. National Education in Europe; School Architecture; Hints and Methods for Teachers; Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism; History of Education in Connecticut; Educational Biography; German Educational Reformers. _See New England Magazine, vol. 4._

=Barnard, John.= _Ms._, 1681-1770. A Congregational minister of Boston who was among the earliest New England dissenters from Calvinism. A robust and logical thinker. Version of the Psalms; Sermons; The Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton. _See Tyler’s American Literature._

=Barnard, John Gross.= _Ms._, 1815-1882. Brother of F. Barnard, _supra_. A major-general of the United States Army. Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Phenomena of the Gyroscope; Dangers and Defences of New York; Sea Coast Defence; The Peninsular Campaign and its Antecedents; Problems of Rotary Motion.

=Barnes, Albert.= _N. Y._, 1798-1870. A leader of New School Presbyterian thought and an able scriptural commentator. He was a clergyman of Philadelphia, and was at one time tried for heresy. Notes on the New Testament; Scriptural Views of Slavery; The Atonement; Life at Three Score; Prayers for Family Worship; Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century. _See Theological Works of, 1875._ _Har._

=Barnes, James.= _Md._, 1865- ----. For King or Country, a Story of the Revolution; Admiral Farragut; Naval Actions of the War of 1812; A Princetonian. _Ap. Har. Put._

=Barnes, Mrs. Mary Downing [Sheldon].= _N. Y._, 1850-1898. An educator who published Studies in General History; Teachers’ Manual.

=Barnum, Mrs. Frances Courtenay [Baylor].= _Ark._, 1848- ----. A novelist now living in Savannah. On Both Sides, an international novel; Behind the Blue Ridge; Juan and Juanita, a juvenile tale; Claudia Hyde. _Hou. Lip._

=Barnum, Phineas Taylor.= _Ct._, 1810-1891. A showman of world-wide fame. Humbugs of the World; Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years’ Recollections; Lion Jack, or How Menageries are Made; Autobiography. _See Saturday Review, vol. 71._

=Barr, Mrs. Amelia Edith [Huddleston].= _E._, 1831- ----. A novelist of English birth who was educated in Glasgow and came to America in 1854. Her literary career did not begin, however, until 1871. Her books exhibit many excellencies of construction and characterization, are wholesome in tone, and have been deservedly popular. Among the best of them may be named Jan Vedder’s Wife; Paul and Christina; A Daughter of Fife; A Border Shepherdess; The Bow of Orange Ribbon, a tale of colonial life in New York; Between Two Loves; Friend Olivia; Bernicia, a story in which Whitefield, the famous preacher, is a prominent figure. Other works by Mrs. Barr include: Scottish Sketches; Flower of Gala Water; Romance and Reality; Young People of Shakespeare’s Time; Cluny McPherson; The Hallam Succession; The Lost Silver of Briffault; The Last of the McAlisters; The King’s Highway; The Squire of Sandal Side; Master of his Fate; Christopher; Remember the Alamo, a story of Texas; She loved a Sailor; A Rose of a Hundred Leaves; Michael and Theodora; A Sister to Esau; Feet of Clay; The Household of McNeil; The Preacher’s Daughter; Love for an Hour is Love Forever; A Singer from the Sea; The Lone House. _See Andover Review, vol. 11._ _Ap. Do. Har._

=Barrett, Benjamin Fisk.= _Me._, 1808-1892. A Swedenborgian clergyman of Philadelphia who wrote extensively in behalf of his faith. Among his many books are A Life of Swedenborg; The New View of Hell; Swedenborg and Channing; Heaven Revealed: a Popular Presentation of Swedenborg’s Disclosures about Heaven.

=Barrett, Walter.= _See Scoville._

=Barron, Elwyn Alfred.= _Tn._, 1855- ----. A Chicago journalist on the editorial staff of The Inter-Ocean from 1879, who has written The Viking, a blank-verse drama; A Moral Crime, and other plays.

=Barrow, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth [Mease].= “Aunt Fanny.” _S. C._, 1822-1894. A writer of juvenile tales which have been widely circulated. Among them are The Night Cap Series; The Pop Gun Series; The Six Mitten Books. _Est._

=Barrows, John Henry.= _Mich._, 1847-1902. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago. The Gospels are True History; I believe in God the Father Almighty; Henry Ward Beecher, the Pulpit Jupiter; Life of Henry Ward Beecher. _Fu. Lo._

=Barrows, Mrs. Katherine Isabel Hayes [Chapin].= _Vt._, 1846- ----. Wife of S. J. Barrows, _infra_, and with him author of The Shaybacks in Camp, a volume of leisurely travel notes. _Hou._

=Barrows, Samuel June.= _N. Y._, 1845- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, editor of The Christian Register since 1881. A Baptist Meeting House, a narrative of a transition from the Baptist to the Unitarian faith; The Doom of the Majority of Mankind. _A. U. A._

=Barrows, William.= _Ms._, 1815-1891. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts. The Church and the Children; The Indian’s Side of the Indian Question; Oregon, the Struggle for Possession; The United States of Yesterday and To-morrow; Twelve Nights in the Hunter’s Camp. _Hou. Le. Lo. Rob._

=Barry, John Daniel.= _Ms._, 1866- ----. A littérateur of New York city. A Daughter of Thespis; The Intriguers, a novel; Mademoiselle Blanche; The Princess Margarethe, a fairy tale; The Congressman’s Wife. _Ap. St._

=Barry, John Stetson.= _Ms._, 1819-1872. A Universalist clergyman. The Stetson Genealogy; History of Massachusetts.

=Barry, Patrick.= _I._, 1816-1890. A prominent horticulturist of Rochester, N. Y. Treatise on the Fruit Garden. _Ju._

=Barry, William.= _Ms._, 1805-1885. Brother of J. S. Barry, _supra_. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Rights and Duties of Neighboring Churches; Thoughts on Christian Doctrine; History of Framingham; Antiquities of Wisconsin.

=Bartholow, Roberts.= _Md._, 1831- ----. A physician and medical professor of Philadelphia. Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Practice of Medicine; Medical Electricity; The Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases. _Ap. Lip._

=Bartlett, Elisha.= _R. I._, 1804-1855. A Rhode Island physician. The Fevers of the United States; Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dickens’s Gallery.

=Bartlett, John.= _Ms._, 1820- ----. Formerly a Boston publisher, well known as the editor of Familiar Quotations, which reached a ninth edition in 1891; The Shakespeare Phrase-Book; A Complete Concordance to Shakespeare. _Lit. Mac._

=Bartlett, John Russell.= _R. I._, 1805-1886. At one time Secretary of State in Rhode Island. Records of the Colony of Rhode Island; Memoir of Rhode Island Officers in the War of the Rebellion; Primeval Man; Genealogy of the Russell Family; Dictionary of Americanisms; Progress of Ethnology. He edited the Letters of Roger Williams. _Lit._

=Bartlett, Joseph.= _Ms._, 1762-1827. A satirical poet whose New Vicar of Bray once attracted considerable attention.

=Bartlett, Samuel Colcord.= _N. H._, 1817-1898. President of Dartmouth College 1877-92. Life and Death Eternal, a Refutation of the Doctrine of Annihilation; Future Punishment; From Egypt to Palestine: observations of a Journey; Sources of History in the Pentateuch. _See The Forum, vol. 2._ _Har._

=Bartlett, William Holms Chambers.= _Pa._, 1804-1893. A prominent scientist, who was from 1834-71 an instructor at West Point. Treatise on Optics; Analytical Mechanics; Spherical Astronomy.

=Bartol, Cyrus Augustus.= _Me._, 1813-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader of radical religious thought. Pictures of Europe; Christian Spirit and Life; Radical Problems; The Rising Faith; Principles and Portraits; Church and Congregation; Christian Body and Form. _A. U. A._ _Rob._

=Barton, Benjamin Smith.= _Pa._, 1766-1815. A once noted physician of Philadelphia. Observations on Some Parts of Natural History; New Views on the Origin of the Tribes of North America; Elements of Botany.

=Barton, William Paul Crillon.= _Pa._, 1786-1856. Nephew of B. S. Barton, _supra_. He organized the United States Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and was known both as botanist and surgeon. Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States; Flora of North America; Medical Botany; Compendium Floræ Philadelphiæ.

=Bartram, John.= _Pa._, 1699-1777. “The Father of American Botany.” A shrewd, careful observer whom Linnæus termed “the greatest natural botanist in the world.” Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, etc., as made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, etc. A similar record of travels in eastern Florida appeared in 1766. _See Memorials of, by Darlington, 1849._

=Bartram, William.= _Pa._, 1739-1823. Son of J. Bartram, _supra_. A botanist and traveller of Pennsylvania. Travel Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc.; Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians.

=Bascom, Henry Bidleman.= _N. Y._, 1796-1850. A bishop of the Methodist church. Sermons from the Pulpit; Mental and Moral Science; Methodism and Slavery. _See Life by Heuhle, 1854; Methodist Quarterly, vol. 45._

=Bascom, John.= _N. Y._, 1827- ----. A philosophical writer, from 1874-87, president of Wisconsin University, subsequently professor of political science at Williams College. Elements of Psychology; Æsthetics; Political Economy for Colleges; Science, Philosophy, and Religion; Natural Theology; The Science of Mind; The Words of Christ; Philosophy of English Literature; Comparative Psychology; Problems in Philosophy; Sociology, Social Theory; Ethics; The New Theology; Historical Interpretation of Philosophy; A Philosophy of Religion. _Cr. Put._

=Bassett, James.= _Ont._, 1834- ----. A Presbyterian missionary in Persia. Hymns in Persian; Among the Turcomans; Persia, the Land of the Imams: a Narrative of Travel; Grammatical Note on the Simnuni Dialects of the Persian. _Scr._

=Batchelor, George.= _Ct._, 1836- ----. A Unitarian clergyman. Social Equilibrium and Other Problems, Ethical and Religious. _El._

=Bates, Arlo.= _Me._, 1850- ----. Professor of English literature in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and novelist. Talks on Writing English; The Pagans; Patty’s Perversities; A Wheel of Fire; In the Bundle of Time; A Lad’s Love; The Philistines; A Book o’ Nine Tales. His verse includes Berries of the Brier; Sonnets in Shadow; A Poet and his Self; Told in the Gate; The Torch-Bearers; Under the Beech-Tree. _Ho. Hou. Rob. Scr._

=Bates, Charlotte Fiske.= _See Rogé._

=Bates, Mrs. Clara [Doty].= _Mch._, 1838-1895. A writer of juvenile tales. Classics of Babyland Versified; Child Lore; On the Way to Wonderland; Heart’s Content. _Lo._

=Bates, Mrs. Harriet Leonora [Vose].= “Eleanor Putnam.” _It._, 1856-1886. Wife of A. Bates, _supra_. A Woodland Wooing; Old Salem; Prince Vance (with A. Bates).

=Bates, Katherine Lee.= _Ms._, 1859- ----. A professor of literature at Wellesley College. The English Religious Drama; Hermit Island: a Story for Girls. _Lo. Mac._

=Bates, Mrs. Margret Holmes [Ernsperger].= _O._, 1844- ----. A fiction-writer of Indianapolis. Manitou; The Chamber Over the Gate.