A Complete History of Music for Schools, Clubs, and Private Reading

=Place of Music in Egyptian Life=.—To show the place of music in Egyptian life, the following from Ambros’ history will serve admirably: “From these decorations [on the walls of...

=Giovanni Pierluigi Sante=, known as Palestrina, after his birthplace, was born in 1514 at Palestrina, a small town southeast of Rome. His parents were peasants and the boy rece...

=Schumann’s Early life=.—Robert Alexander Schumann was born at Zwickau, in Saxony, June 8, 1810. His father was a bookseller with some attainments as an author. Schumann’s gift...

=The Overture=.—Scarlatti’s powers were by no means confined to writing for the voice; the instrumental portions of his works give evidence of equal mastery, though the popular...

=Stringed Instruments Played with a Bow=.—The next and most important class resembles the last in being furnished with a neck or fingerboard, but with strings put in vibration b...

=Lowell Mason=.—In 1826, a young man from the South, but born in Massachusetts, came to Boston to begin a musical career, which formed a link between the early singing school st...

=Minnesingers=.—While the trouvères and troubadours were singing in Provence and in France, an analogous association was forming in Germany, to which the name Minnesingers (_Min...

=Sources of Our Knowledge=.—When we study the music of the early period of the human race, we find no records such as we are storing today in our libraries. We must depend upon...

=Arthur Foote= was born at Salem, Mass., in 1854. His musical education was wholly acquired in Boston, his leading teachers having been Stephen A. Emery and B. J. Lang. Mr. Foot...

=The Organ and its Influence=.—The organ was the third great reformative power in this epoch. All music was vocal and no other conception could be had, for effective instruments...

=The Men=.—The men of this period are more important than any that have yet been mentioned, and for that reason require more detailed study. =H. de Zeelandia= (13—-1370), a nati...

=Their Gift to Beethoven=.—In other words, neither Haydn nor Mozart ever sacrifices his sense of artistic finish to the expression of the heights and depths of human emotion. Pu...

Note the points of similarity and difference in the three scale forms on page 65 in this lesson. As an exercise take well-known airs to see if they are Authentic or Plagal. In t...

“=Orfeo=.”—In _Orfeo_, Gluck took the same stand which Peri had taken in his opera on the same myth a century and a half before: the _illustration of the drama through music_ wh...

=Early Makers=.—Although this invention did not at first attract widespread attention, it undoubtedly formed the basis of the others which quickly followed it, and really assert...

=Incidents of Bach’s Career=.—Bach’s life was not altogether a happy one, as he was much annoyed at the persecutions of his rivals; and, like Handel, he was afflicted with blind...

=Corelli=.—In any great movement one man seems to sum up the best of the work of his predecessors. The name associated with putting violin music and playing on a firm foundation...

=Goldmark’s Operas=.—His first opera was the “Queen of Sheba,” dealing with the infatuation of Assad for that queen, at the court of King Solomon. Its scenes of splendid festivi...

=His Early Operas=.—The future master of the music drama, however, began by composing operas—operas, moreover, in which he shows originality in one feature only—that of writing...

=The Chorale in Protestant Organ Music=.—In addition to his incomparable preludes and fugues, toccatas, fantasias and pieces in the larger forms, Bach made the polyphonic treatm...

=Influence of Art on Music=.—All of the fine arts, with the exception of Music had, by the year 1100, reached a fairly high stage of development due, no doubt, to the fact that...

=Origin of French Opera=.—As the Italian opera was derived from the classical tragedy, so the _French opera_ had its _origin_ in the _Ballet_, the favorite form of amusement in...

The student who wishes to examine Liszt’s works for himself, should study the symphonies and symphonic poems in Liszt’s own arrangement for two pianos. They require, however, a...

=Oratorio Composers after Mendelssohn=.—The later history of the Oratorio requires some consideration at this point. After Mendelssohn, many of the leading composers of Europe t...

These were fixed sounds, but the tuning of the remaining six strings _might be changed_ at will; therefore, a series of sounds belonging to any one of these scales could be made...

=Dance Tunes=.—A clavier composition is extant, dated 1555, by =William Blitheman=, an English church composer, consisting of a chorale-like melody in whole notes, accompanied f...

=Beethoven= established the orchestra as “the composer’s instrument.” He added but little to the instruments used but he took the resources established by his predecessors and d...

=The Florentine School=.—One particular characteristic of the Florentine school was a sedulous _avoidance_ of anything like _extended melody_ or definite form. To the composers...

=Music in Sweden=.—The national opera of Sweden was brought into being by =Ivar Hallstrom=, soon after the middle of the 19th century. Since then, a new school has arisen, showi...

=Schubert’s Compositions=.—Schubert completed more than eleven hundred pieces in about eighteen years. Such fertility is unique in the history of composition, and is scarcely eq...

=Better Times=.—Better times now opened before Haydn. Gaining influential friends, he won, through them, the post of music director and composer to Count Morzin, a position whic...

=Influence of the Opera on Music in General=.—These alternations have had a powerful effect on the development of music in general, an effect both technical and expressive in na...

=Debussy=.—The new school of French music finds its most radical expression in the compositions of Achille Claude Debussy (Paris, France, 1862). A musician of great gifts, he ch...

=Influence of the Romantic Opera=.—The value of the application of all the resources of music to the unfettered delineation of feeling and emotion in all their phases inaugurate...

=National Spirit in Chopin’s Music=.—Chopin, the patriot, was devoted to the dances and Folk-melodies of his own country. He was thoroughly national as a composer; hence in some...

Paderewski has not taught, as a rule, since his great triumphs as a virtuoso, but he has made exceptions. =Sigismond Stojowski=, born 1870, was a pupil of the Paris Conservatory...

=George Friedrich Handel= (1685-1759).—We now come to Bach’s contemporary, the greatest name in the history of the Oratorio, to the composer who brought to his work a musical le...

=Other Musical Leaders=.—=Alexander Campbell Mackenzie= (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1847) became teacher and conductor in his native city, afterwards joining the University forces. Hi...

=Dramatic Effects in Climaxes=.—This close connection is made a ready element toward the dramatic expression which finds vent in the climaxes, made from culminating tonal effect...

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=Venice= rivaled Naples in devotion to music, and early took measures to give musical instruction to the wards of charitable institutions. These schools were not named _Conserva...

MacDowell, 450, 538 Mackenzie, 460, 500 Madrigal, 143 Magadis, 58, 92 Maggini (_Madgeéni_), 317 Mahler, 469 Marchand (_Marchan, nasal_), 165, 259 Marenzio (_Marentsio_), 144 Mar...