Part III. Three Apostles.

MACMILLAN AND CO. LONDON.

Footnotes.

1 ‒ The Edition of the _Synopsis Evangelica_ of Tischendorf referred to is the First Edition, 1854; that of Wieseler’s _Synopsis of the Four Gospels_ is the English Translation by Venables, 1864; that of Conybeare and Howson’s _Life and Travels of St Paul_ is the People’s Edition, 2 Vols., 1864; that of Dean Stanley’s _Sinai and Palestine_, the 3rd, 1856.

2 ‒ Milman’s _History of the Jews_, I. 443.

3 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XI. 8. 2. Comp. Article _Jerusalem_ in Smith’s _Bibl. Dict._ I. 998, and note.

4 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XI. 8. 7.

5 ‒ Probably Dan. vii. 6; viii. 3–8, 20, 21, 22; xi. 3.

6 ‒ Curtius, IV. 5. 13; IV. 8. 10.

7 ‒ See Thirlwall’s _Greece_, VI. 265; Raphall’s _History of the Jews_, I. 42–50.

8 ‒ “The _Great Assembly_ or _Synagogue_, whose existence has been called in question on insufficient grounds, was the great council of the nation during the Persian period, in which the last substantive changes were made in the constitution of Judaism. It was organized by Ezra, and, as commonly happens, the work of the whole body was transferred to its representative member. Ezra probably formed a collection of the prophetic writings; and the Assembly gathered together afterwards (as the Christian Church at a later period in corresponding circumstances) such books as were still left without the Canon, though proved to bear the stamp of the Spirit of God.” Westcott’s _Bible in the Church_, Appendix A.

9 ‒ Prideaux’s _Connection_, I. 545.

10 ‒ “By its harbour of Seleucia it was in communication with all the trade of the Mediterranean; and through the open country behind the Lebanon it was conveniently approached by the caravans from Mesopotamia and Arabia. It united the inland advantages of Aleppo with the maritime opportunities of Smyrna.” Conybeare and Howson, _Life and Epistles of St Paul_, I. 118; Smith’s _Dict. Geog._ Art. _Antiochia_.

11 ‒ “Few princes have ever lived with so great a passion for the building of cities as Seleucus. He is said to have built in all 9 Seleucias, 16 Antiochs, and 6 Laodiceas. This love of commemorating the members of his family was conspicuous in his works by the Orontes. Besides Seleucia and Antioch, he built, in the immediate neighbourhood, a Laodicea in honour of his mother, and an Apamea in honour of his wife.” Conybeare and Howson, I. 119; Merivale, III. 368.

12 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XII. 3. 1; _Contr. Apion._ II. 4.

13 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XII. 2. 10.

14 ‒ The Beth-shan of the Old Testament; see _Class-Book of Old Testament History_, p. 316, and 445 note, 2nd ed.

15 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XII. 3. 3.

16 ‒ One of the branches of the Lebanon, containing a cave sacred to Pan, whence it derived its name. See below, p. 218, n.

17 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XII. 3. 3.

18 ‒ See Mommsen’s _History of Rome_, II. 264.

19 ‒ In the valley of the Hermus, not far from Smyrna. See Livy, XXXVII. 37, foll.; Tac. _Ann._ II. 47.

20 ‒ Strabo, XVI. 744; Justin, XXXII. 2. 1.

21 ‒ Livy, XLI. 19, 20.

22 ‒ See above, p. 17.

23 ‒ See above, p. 19.

24 ‒ Livy, XLV. 12.

25 ‒ Polyb. XXVI. 10; Livy, XLI. 19, 20.

26 ‒ Milman’s _History of the Jews_, I. 457.

27 ‒ Identified with the half-ruined village of Latrôn, the _Castellum boni Latronis_ of the Mediæval writers, from the tradition that it was the residence of the penitent thief Dysma. Porter’s _Handbook_, I. 285.

28 ‒ Jos. _Ant._ XII. 6. 4.

29 ‒ Hepworth Dixon’s _Holy Land_, I. 64.

30 ‒ _Class-Book of Old Testament History_, p. 212 and note.

31 ‒ See _Class-Book of Old Testament History_, p. 275.

32 ‒ An important stronghold (comp. 1 Macc. ix. 52; xiii. 53;