CHAPTER IV.

Chapter 14111,638 wordsPublic domain

_ST PAUL’S SECOND IMPRISONMENT AND DEATH._ A.D. 63–68.

THE Apostle’s trial, as we have seen in the preceding Chapter, was long delayed. At length, however, a time was fixed for hearing his case, and after a trial in all probability before the Emperor Nero himself, he was, according to the universal testimony[1167] of the ancient Church, acquitted of the charges that had been brought against him. Thus liberated he would be naturally anxious to fulfil the intentions he had expressed in his Epistles to Philemon and the Philippians[1168] of revisiting the Churches he had planted in Macedonia and Asia Minor, and others, which had not as yet _seen his face in the flesh_.

Setting out, therefore, from Rome to Brundusium, it is probable that he crossed thence to Dyrrachium or Apollonia, and so travelled by the great Egnatian road to Philippi. We cannot doubt that the joy of the Christians there would be great at being thus able to welcome once more their revered teacher, but his stay there was not likely to have been protracted; and proceeding to Asia, in accordance with his former designs and intentions, he most probably fixed his head-quarters at Ephesus, and thence visited Colossæ, Laodicea, Hierapolis and other Churches[1169].

What time he now spent amongst the brethren of proconsular Asia is not known, but it is not altogether improbable that in the year A.D. 64 he carried out his long-intended visit to Spain (Rom. xv. 24, 28), and spent two years in planting churches amongst the numerous Jewish proselytes in all the towns along the Spanish coast from Gades to Tarraco[1170]. Thence we may believe he returned about A.D. 66 to Ephesus, and found to his great sorrow that what he had long ago predicted to the presbyters of that city, when they bade him farewell on the sea-shore of Miletus (Acts xx. 28–31), had been too truly fulfilled. Grievous wolves had indeed entered in amongst them, not sparing the flock; nay, from the very bosom of the Church itself men had arisen, _speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them_ (Acts xx. 30). Leaders of rival sects, Hymenæeus, Philetus, Alexander (1 Tim. i. 20; 2 Tim. ii. 17, iv. 14, 15), had appeared, perverting the minds of the disciples from the simplicity of the faith, and blending with it the subtilties of Greek philosophy, Jewish superstition, and wild Oriental speculation. Other duties, indeed, prevented the continuance of the Apostle’s personal supervision of the Asiatic churches, and leaving Timothy at Ephesus, he returned to Macedonia (1 Tim. i. 3). There, however, he appears to have feared he might be detained longer than he had anticipated (1 Tim. iii. 14, 15), and, well acquainted with the peculiar difficulties connected with the position of his beloved disciple, he addressed to him what is known as “the first Epistle to Timothy.”

The main objects of this Epistle were two-fold, first, to encourage him in the superintendence of the Ephesian church, and to aid him in his struggle with the heretical teachers spoken of above (1 Tim. i. 3–20). The second was to give him various personal directions respecting the government of the Church itself, such as the manner of conducting public worship (1 Tim. ii. 1–8); the dress and behaviour of women (1 Tim. ii. 9–15); the qualifications of bishops and deacons (1 Tim. iii.); the selection of widows to receive the charity of the Church (1 Tim. v. 3–16); the punishment of offenders (1 Tim. v. 20, 21); and his own life and conversation (1 Tim. vi. 11–19).

In this letter he also expressed his design of shortly returning to Ephesus (1 Tim. iii. 14), and this intention he appears to have carried out. Repairing from Macedonia to the capital of proconsular Asia, he made an expedition thence to the island of Crete, accompanied by Titus (Tit. i. 5). The churches there do not seem to have been now for the first time founded, but to have already been some considerable period in existence. Like those, however, in proconsular Asia, they were “troubled by false teachers, and probably had never yet been properly organised, having originated, perhaps, in the private efforts of individual Christians, who would have been supplied with a centre of operations and nucleus of churches by the numerous colonies of Jews established in the island[1171].”

Unable, however, himself to remain long, the Apostle left Titus there, as he had left Timothy at Ephesus, to complete what he had been obliged to leave unfinished, and to organise the Church by the appointment of presbyters in every city (Tit. i. 5). But shortly after his return to Asia Minor, he deemed that a letter from himself might encourage him to confront the opposition he was likely to encounter in carrying out his wishes, and with this he resolved to send general directions respecting the organisation of the Church. From Ephesus, therefore, he dispatched an Epistle to Titus, in which he laid down certain instructions concerning the ordination of elders (Tit. i. 5–9); cautioned him against false teachers (Tit. i. 9–16); described the sound and practical Christianity which he was to inculcate on old and young, on masters and slaves, and to exemplify in his own life (Tit. ii. 1–15); and enjoined obedience to rulers, gentleness and forbearance towards all men, and an avoidance of all idle speculations (Tit. iii. 1–11).

At the time of writing this Epistle it was not St Paul’s intention that Titus should remain long in Crete. He himself was on the point of leaving Asia for Nicopolis[1172], intending to winter there (Tit. iii. 12). On the arrival, therefore of Artemas or Tychicus, whom he intended to send to him, Titus was to endeavour to join him. Accordingly setting out from Ephesus the Apostle repaired to Miletus (2 Tim. iv. 20), and there left his old companion Trophimus[1173], who was overtaken with sickness. Thence he sailed to Corinth, and leaving there Erastus, the former chamberlain of that city, passed on to Nicopolis[1174], where he would seem to have laboured for a space during the winter.

At this time however the Christians had become distinguished from the Jews, and the objects of suspicion and hostility, and the Apostle’s labours at Nicopolis were brought to an abrupt conclusion. Arrested it is not improbable, before the middle of the winter[1175], through the restless activity of some of his many enemies, he was sent to Rome to be tried a second time for his life. The terror of his arrest scattered many of his friends. Demas from love of _this present world_ forsook him and departed to Thessalonica, Crescens to Galatia, and Titus himself, who had joined his master at Nicopolis, possibly by his desire, repaired to the neighbouring Dalmatia (2 Tim. iv. 10). Luke alone remained in constant attendance on the Apostle, and shared with him the perils of his second imprisonment at Rome. This was evidently far more severe than the previous one. Not only was he chained to a soldier, but he was treated as a malefactor (2 Tim. ii. 9), and so perilous was it to visit him that few were willing to seek out his dungeon or to stand by him (2 Tim. i. 16, iv. 16), while he himself could look forward to nothing but certain martyrdom (2 Tim. iv. 6–8).

The course of political events sufficiently accounts for the change in the Apostle’s circumstances. Anxious to avert from himself the charge of having set the capital on fire, Nero had let loose the rage of the populace upon the Christians, now very numerous and objects of intense hatred. A familiar passage in the writings of Tacitus[1176] tells us how some of them were crucified, some hunted to death with dogs, some wrapped in robes smeared with pitch and set on fire at night before the eyes of the Emperor, who watched their dying agonies arrayed in the costume of a charioteer. Since then the fury of the first excitement had passed away, but so prominent a ringleader of a hated sect as the Apostle would be certain to be treated with much severity.

On the evidence therefore of certain informers, of whom _Alexander the coppersmith_ apparently was one (2 Tim. iv. 14), he was put upon his trial, probably before the city prefect[1177], in one of the numerous basilicas that stood in the Forum. No friend, no adviser, stood by him (2 Tim. iv. 16), to cheer or to encourage. Alone and unaided, save by an Almighty though Invisible Friend (2 Tim. iv. 17), he pleaded the cause of the Gospel before a numerous audience, and _all the Gentiles_ heard his testimony, and the result was that of the first of the charges brought against him he was acquitted, and _was delivered out of the mouth of the lion_ (2 Tim. iv. 17).

Remanded back to his dungeon to await the second hearing of his case, and not anticipating anything but an ultimate conviction, _ready to be offered_ and convinced that _the time of his departure was at hand_ (2 Tim. iv. 6), the Apostle, though cheered by the society of Luke and Onesiphorus (2 Tim. i. 16, 17), yearned towards the friend of his earlier days, his own son Timothy. He longed to see him once more, and though he was far away in Ephesus, discharging the duties of his difficult position, he resolved to dictate an Epistle to him, bidding him come with all speed to Rome, and receive his parting injunctions. Accordingly, it was now that the “Second Epistle to Timothy” was written, in which the aged Apostle, with the utmost tenderness and solemnity exhorted his own son to diligence and stedfastness, to patience under persecution (2 Tim. i. 6–15), and a willingness to share in the sufferings of saints (2 Tim. ii. 1–16). In the event moreover of his not arriving in time to receive his last injunction, he charged him, with all the solemnity of one about to appear before the Judge of quick and dead, to be faithful in all the duties of his office (2 Tim. iv. 1–5), and cautioned him against the false teaching which now threatened the very foundation of the Faith (2 Tim. iii.).

Whether Timothy did rejoin the Apostle, as he so earnestly requested, and bring _the cloak_ for which with touching simplicity he made request amid the rigours of the winter (2 Tim. iv. 13), is not recorded. Some are willing to hazard the conjecture that he did[1178]; but however it was, the Apostle’s second trial and condemnation were not long delayed. As a Roman citizen, he could not be compelled to endure the lingering tortures, which so many who shared with him the name of “Christians” had lately undergone. But beyond the city-walls, along the road to Ostia, the port of Rome, he was led forth under military escort, to the place of execution; there the sword of the headsman fell flashing down, and he obtained that Crown, which HE, whose faithful witness he was, had promised to _all them that love Him_ (2 Tim. iv. 8).

NOTE.

Beside the Apostle, whose glorious career was thus closed by the sword of the executioner, three and three only of the immediate followers of our Lord hold a prominent place in the Apostolic records――James _the Lord’s brother_, Peter and John[1179].

1. The main facts in the history of James, who was surnamed _the Just_, have been already related, and we have seen how prominent was the part he took at the Council held at Jerusalem[1180], A.D. 50. He[1181] was the author of the first of the Seven so-called “Catholic or General Epistles,” which he addressed, apparently from Jerusalem, to the Jewish Christians residing in Palestine, or scattered among the Gentiles, according to some as early as A.D. 45, according to others as late as A.D. 62.

2. Our last notice of St Peter referred to the time when St Paul _withstood him to the face_ at Antioch, because he _was to be blamed_[1182]. Subsequently to this date we have no notices in Scripture of his place of abode or of his work. It is probable, however, that after completing the organisation of the Churches in Palestine, and some parts of Asia Minor (1 Pet. i. 1, 2), he resided for some time at Babylon (1 Pet. v. 13), where had been settled from very early times an important community of Jews[1183]. Hence, at some period between the years A.D. 63 and 67[1184], he addressed his first Epistle to the Jewish converts scattered throughout Asia Minor, for the purpose of confirming them in the Christian faith, encouraging them to endure the persecutions to which they were exposed, and exhorting them to refute the calumnies of their enemies by leading a holy life. The time and place of the composition of his Second Epistle are alike surrounded with difficulties. The most reasonable conjecture appears to be that the Apostle wrote it in his old age, about the year A.D. 68, either from Rome, where he is said to have suffered martyrdom[1185], or somewhere on the journey thither from the East.

3. St John, we saw, was at Jerusalem, when St Paul paid his third visit to that city[1186], and was then regarded as one of the Chief “Pillars” of the Church. His movements after this date are shrouded in much obscurity. It seems most probable, however, that after remaining for a season in Palestine, he repaired to Ephesus, and laboured amongst the seven Churches of Asia Minor. Thence on the authority of Irenæus and Eusebius we gather that he wrote his three Epistles, according to some as early as A.D. 68, according to others as late as the close of the first century. During the reign of Domitian, A.D. 94 or 95, he was banished to the isle of Patmos, and there wrote his Apocalypse, and afterwards returned to Ephesus, where he died.

4. The writer of one other “Catholic” Epistle remains to be noticed――Jude, called also Lebbæus and Thaddæus[1187], the brother of James the Less, and most probably one of the so-called _brethren of our Lord_. We find his name in the lists of the Apostles (Lk. vi. Acts i.), but the only incident relating to him recorded in the Gospel narrative is the question he put to the Saviour on the eve of his crucifixion, _Lord, how is it that thou wilt manifest thyself to us, and not unto the world?_ (Jn. xiv. 22). The place where the Epistle was written is not known. Various dates have been assigned to it, some referring it to A.D. 64 or 65, others to A.D. 75 or even later. The readers are nowhere expressly defined; but the reference to Jewish traditions (Jude 9–14) seems to hint that the Christians of Palestine were the objects of his warnings against false teachers, and of his exhortations to steadfastness in the faith.

APPENDIX.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.

I. THE JEWS UNDER THE PERSIANS.

PALESTINE. │ B.C.│ PERSIA. ────────────────────┼─────┼────────────────────────────────────── Death of Nehemiah. │ 413 │ Jaddua, high-priest.│ 341 │ │ 334 │ Victory of Alexander on the Granicus. │ 333 │ Battle of Issus. Alexander visits │ 332 │ Jerusalem. │ │ │ 331 │ Battle of Arbela. │ 323 │ Death of Alexander.

II. THE ERA OF THE PTOLEMIES AND SELEUCIDÆ.

PALESTINE. │ B.C.│ EGYPT. │ B.C.│ SYRIA. ────────────────────┼─────┼────────────────┼─────┼───────────────── │ │Ptolemy Soter. │ 323 │ Ptolemy Soter │ │ │ │ captures │ │ │ │ Jerusalem, plants │ │ │ │ colonies in │ │ │ │ Alexandria & │ │ │ │ Cyrene. │ 320 │ │ │ │ │ │ 312 │Seleucus Nicator. Simon the Just, │ │ │ │ high-priest. │ 300 │ │ │ Eleazar, │ │ │ │ high-priest. │ 291 │ │ │ │ │P. Philadelphus.│ 283 │ │ │ │ 280 │Antiochus Soter. │ │ │ 261 │Antiochus Theos. Onias II. │ │ │ │ high-priest. │ 250 │ │ │ │ │P. Euergetes I. │ 247 │ │ │ │ 246 │Seleucus Callinicus. │ │ │ 226 │Seleucus Ceraunus. │ │ │ 223 │Antiochus Magnus. │ │P. Philopator. │ 222 │ Ptolemy Philopator, │ │ │ │ prevented from │ │ │ │ entering the │ │ │ │ Holy of Holies, │ │ │ │ attempts to │ │ │ │ destroy the Jews │ │ │ │ in Alexandria. │ 216 │ │ │ │ │P. Epiphanes. │ 205 │ Antiochus Magnus │ │ │ │ obtains Palestine.│ 203 │ │ │ Scopas recovers │ │ │ │ Judæa. │ 199 │ │ │ Antiochus regains │ │ │ │ Judæa. │ 198 │ │ │ Onias III. │ │ │ │ high-priest. │ 195 │ │ │ │ │ │ 187 │Seleucus Philopator. │ │P. Philometor. │ 181 │ │ │ │ 175 │Antiochus Epiphanes. Antiochus Epiphanes │ │ │ │ takes Jerusalem. │ 170 │ │ │ Persecution of the │ │ │ │ Jews. │ 167 │ │ │ Rise of the │ │ │ │ _Maccabees_. │ 167 │ │ │ Battle of Emmaus, │ │ │ │ re-dedication of │ │ │ │ the Temple. │ 165 │ │ │ │ │ │ 164 │Antiochus Eupator. │ │ │ 162 │Demetrius Soter. Death of Judas │ │ │ │ Maccabæus. │ 161 │ │ │ │ │ │ 150 │Alexander Balas. │ │P. Physcon. │ 146 │Demetrius Nicator │ │ │ │ (1st reign). Jonathan Maccabæus │ │ │ │ murdered by │ │ │ │ Tryphon, and │ │ │ │ Accession of Simon│ 144 │ │ │ First Year of │ │ │ │ the _Freedom of │ │ │ │ Jerusalem_. │ 143 │ │ │ Murder of Simon: │ │ │ │ John Hyrcanus │ │ │ │ succeeds him. │ 137 │ │ 137 │Antiochus Sidetes. John Hyrcanus throws│ │ │ │ off the Syrian │ │ │ │ yoke, and destroys│ │ │ │ the Temple on │ │ │ │ Gerizim. │ 130 │ │ │ │ │ │ 128 │Demetrius Nicator │ │ │ │ (2nd reign). │ │ │ 125 │Antiochus Grypus. │ │P. Lathyrus. │ 116 │ │ │ │ 113 │Antiochus Cyzicenus. │ │P. Alexander │ │ │ │ and Cleopatra │ │ │ │ joint rulers. │ 107 │ Accession of │ │ │ │ Aristobulus. │ 106 │ │ │ Accession of │ │ │ │ Alexander Jannæus.│ 106 │ │ │ │ │ │ 95 │Antiochus Eusebes │ │ │ │ and Philippus. │ │ │ 83 │Tigranes. │ │P. Auletes. │ 80 │ Death of Jannæus; │ │ │ │ accession of his │ │ │ │ wife Alexandra. │ 79 │ │ │ Death of Alexandra, │ │ │ │ accession of │ │ │ │ Hyrcanus. │ 70 │ │ │ │ │ │ 69 │Antiochus Asiaticus. │ │ │ 65 │Pompeius makes │ │ │ │ Syria a Roman │ │ │ │ province. │ │P. Auletes │ │ │ │ driven from │ │ │ │ Egypt. │ 58 │ │ │Restored by │ │ │ │ Gabinius. │ 55 │ │ │Accession of P. │ │ │ │ Dionysus and │ │ │ │ Cleopatra. │ 51 │

III. RISE OF THE HERODIAN FAMILY.

JUDÆA. B.C. ROME. ───────────────────────────────┼────┼─────────────────────────────── Conflict between Hyrcanus and │ │ Aristobulus――Pompeius takes │ 63 │ Catiline’s conspiracy. Jerusalem. │ │ │ 60 │ First Triumvirate: Pompey, │ │ Cæsar, and Crassus. Gabinius remodels the │ │ government. │ 57 │ Crassus plunders the Temple. │ 54 │ The Parthian War. │ 53 │ Death of Crassus at the battle │ │ of Carrhæ. │ 48 │ Battle of Pharsalia; death of │ │ Pompey. Julius Cæsar appoints Antipater│ │ procurator of Judæa. │ 47 │ Julius Cæsar in Egypt. │ 44 │ Death of Cæsar, March 15. Death of Antipater. │ 43 │ Second Triumvirate――Octavius, │ │ Antonius, and Lepidus; death │ │ of Cicero. Herod marries Mariamne. │ 42 │ Battle of Philippi. The Parthians take Jerusalem: │ │ Herod flies to Rome. │ 40 │ Herod takes Jerusalem, and │ │ Antonius captivated with becomes king of Judæa. │ 37 │ Cleopatra. Murder of Aristobulus. │ 35 │ Herod summoned before Antonius.│ 34 │ │ 33 │ War between Antonius and │ │ Octavius. │ 31 │ Battle of Actium. His kingdom increased by │ │ Death of Antony and Cleopatra; Octavius. │ 30 │ Egypt becomes a Roman │ │ province. Murder of Mariamne. │ 29 │ Temple of Janus shut. │ 27 │ Octavius assumes the title of │ │ _Augustus_; division of the │ │ provinces (see p. 147, n.). Plot to assassinate Herod――He │ │ rebuilds Samaria. │ 25 │ Foundations laid of Cæsarea. │ 21 │ Herod proposes to rebuild the │ │ The standards taken from Temple. │ 20 │ Crassus restored. Erection begun. │ 18 │ Herod goes to Rome to bring │ │ back Alexander and │ 15 │ Aristobulus. │ │ Salome’s schemes against them. │ 14 │ Completion of Cæsarea. │ 10 │ Execution of Alexander and │ │ Aristobulus. │ 6 │ Tiberius retires to Rhodes.

IV. THE GOSPEL HISTORY. PALESTINE. B.C. ROME. B.C. PREFECTS OF SYRIA. ─────────────────────┼────┼─────────────────┼────┼───────────────── Birth of John the │ │ │ │ Baptist. │ 5 │ │ │ The NATIVITY OF │ │ │ │Pub. Sulp. CHRIST――Death of │ 4 │ │ 4 │ Quirinus 1st Herod. │ │ │ │ time (Lk. ii. 1). Reign of Archelaus, │ │ │ │ Herod Antipas, and │ 4 │ │ │ Herod Philip (see │ │ │ │ pp. 144–146). │ │ │ │ Disturbances at │ │ │ │ Jerusalem. │ 3 │ │ │ │A.D.│ │A.D.│ │ │Tiberius adopted │ │ │ │ by Augustus as │ 4 │ │ │ his son. │ │ │ │ │ │Pub. Sulp. │ │ │ 5 │ Quirinus (2nd │ │ │ │ time). Archelaus banished │ │ │ │ to Vienne in Gaul. │ │ │ │ Judæa becomes a │ │ │ │ Roman province │ │ │ │ and is annexed to │ 6 │ │ │ the prefecture of │ │ │ │ Syria. _Coponius_ │ │ │ │ the first │ │ │ │ procurator. │ │ │ │ The Census actually │ │ │ │ carried out (see │ │ │ │ above, p. 148). │ │ │ │ Rising of Judas the│ 7 │ │ │ Gaulonite. Quirinus│ │ │ │ appoints Annas │ │ │ │ high-priest. │ │ │ │ Visit of the Saviour │ │ │ │ to the Temple. │ 8 │ │ │ _Marcus Ambivius_, │ │ │ │ 2nd procurator. │ 10 │ │ │ _Annius Rufus_, 3rd │ │ │ │ procurator. │ 13 │ │ │ _Valerius Gratus_, │ │Augustus dies at │ │ 4th procurator. │ 14 │ Nola. Accession │ 14 │ │ │ of Tiberius. │ │ Joseph Caiaphas │ │ │ │ appointed │ 17 │Death of Ovid. │ 17 │M. Calpurnius Piso. high-priest (see │ │ │ │ above, p. 149). │ │ │ │ │ │Jews expelled │ 19 │Cn. Sentius │ │ from Italy. │ │ Saturninus. │ │Influence of │ 22 │L. Pomponius │ │ Sejanus. │ │ Flaccus. _Pontius Pilate_, │ │Tiberius retires │ │ 5th procurator. │ 26 │ to Capreæ. │ 26 │ Riots at Jerusalem │ │Herod Antipas. │ │ (see pp. 150, 151).│ │ in Italy, and │ │ The Preaching of │ 27 │ there becomes │ 27 │ John, and Baptism │ │ acquainted │ │ of Christ. │ │ with Herodias │ │ │ │ (see p. 168). │ │ Herod Antipas marries│ │ │ │ Herodias. War │ │ │ │ breaks out with │ │ │ │ Aretas. │ 28 │ │ │ Imprisonment of │ │ │ │ John the Baptist. │ │ │ │ Death of the Baptist.│ 29 │ │ │ The Crucifixion of │ │ │ │ Christ. │ 30 │Era of Seneca. │ │

V. THE APOSTOLIC HISTORY.

PALESTINE. A.D. ROME. ───────────────────────────────────┼─────┼───────────────────────── The Pentecostal Effusion (May). │ 30│Banishment of Agrippina. │ 31│Death of Sejanus. Martyrdom of Stephen, Pilate │ │ deposed by Vitellius. │ 36│ Dispersion of the Christians. │ │Death of Tiberius, Conversion of Saul, who spends │ 37│ March 16, accession 3 years in Damascus and Arabia. │ │ of CALIGULA. Herod Agrippa appointed king of │ │Birth of Nero. Caligula Trachonitis. │ 38│ orders his Statue to be │ │ set up at Jerusalem. Great disturbances at Jerusalem │ │ owing to Caligula’s order │ │ respecting his statue │ 39│ (see p. 393). │ │ Herod Antipas banished with │ │ Herodias to Lyons in Gaul. │ 38│ St Peter’s visitation of the │ │ Churches (see pp. 395, 396). │ 38│ Conversion of Cornelius. │ 41│Death of Caligula, Jan. 24, │ │ accession of CLAUDIUS. Spread of the Gospel to Antioch. │ 42│ Herod Agrippa I. receives Judæa │ │ and Samaria in addition to │ │ the tetrarchies of Philip and │ │ Antipas, and the title of ‘king.’│ │ Martyrdom of James. │ 44│Return of Claudius from │ │ Britain. Death of Herod Agrippa at Cæsarea. │ 44│ _Cuspius Fadus_ appointed │ │ procurator of Judæa. │ 44│ Saul and Barnabas sent to Jerusalem│ │ with contributions from Antioch. │ 44│ Return to, and sojourn at, Antioch.│45–48│ (i) _First Missionary Journey of │ │ Saul and Barnabas_ to Cyprus, │48,49│ Perga, Antioch in Pisidia, │ │ Iconium, Lystra, Derbe. │ │ _Cumanus_ procurator of Judæa. │ 49│ The Council at Jerusalem. │ 50│Birth of Domitian. (ii) _St Paul’s Second Missionary │ │ Journey: he visits │ │ Lycaonia, Galatia, Troas. │ 51│Caractacus brought before │ │ Claudius. Philippi, Thessalonica, Berœa, │ │ Athens, Corinth. │ 52│ FIRST EPISTLE TO THE │ │ THESSALONIANS. │ 52│ At Corinth. │ 53│ SECOND EPISTLE TO THE │ │ THESSALONIANS. │ 53│ _Felix_ procurator of Judæa. │ │ St Paul sails from Corinth. │ 54│Death of Claudius, Fourth visit to Jerusalem. │ │ accession of NERO. (iii) _St Paul’s Third Missionary │ │ Journey_: │ │ Second circuit of Galatia. │ │ Reaches Ephesus. │ 55│Britannicus poisoned. At Ephesus. │ 56│ FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS │ │ (Spring). │ 57│ Leaves Ephesus for Macedonia. │ │ SECOND EPISTLE TO THE │ 57│ CORINTHIANS (Autumn). │ │ At Corinth. EPISTLE TO THE │ │ GALATIANS. EPISTLE TO THE │ 58│ ROMANS. Return to Jerusalem. │ │ (iv) _St Paul arrested, and sent to│ │ Cæsarea._ │ 59│Nero murders Agrippina. Felix succeeded by Festus. │ 60│ St Paul sent to Rome by Festus. │ │ Shipwrecked at Malta (Winter). │ 60│Agricola in Britain. Reaches Rome. │ 61│Tacitus born. EPISTLE TO PHILEMON (Spring) │ │ EPISTLE TO THE COLOSSIANS. │ │ EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS. │ 62│Death of Burrhus. Nero EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS │ │ marries Poppæa. (Autumn). │ │ Albinus succeeds Festus. │ 63│Tigellinus, prætorian │ │ prefect. EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. (?) │ │ (v) _St Paul’s acquittal_; journey │ │ to Philippi and Asia Minor. │ 63│ Journey to Spain (?) │ 64│Great Fire at Rome. │ │ Persecution of the │ │ Christians. Returns to Asia Minor (?) │ 66│Vespasian commands in │ │ Judæa. Journey to Macedonia. │ │ FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. │ 67│ Voyage to Crete with Titus. │ │ EPISTLE TO TITUS from Asia Minor │ │ (Autumn). │ │ At Nicopolis (Winter). │ │ Second Imprisonment at Rome. │ │ SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. │ 68│ Martyrdom (May or June). │ 68│Death of Nero, │ │ June 9 or 11.

VI. THE HERODIAN FAMILY. HEROD THE GREAT, SON OF ANTIPATER, PROCURATOR OF JUDÆA,

married │ │ │ successively │ │ │ ten wives, │ │ grand │ great grand of whom were │ children │ children │ children ─────────────┼─────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────── Doris │Antipater ─────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── │Alexander. ├─────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────────── │ │ │Herod Agrippa II. │ │ │ Acts xxv. 13. │ │ ├───────────────── │ │Herod Agrippa I. │Bernice. │ │ Acts xii. 1. │ Acts xxv. 13. │ │ ├───────────────── Mariamne I. │ │ │Drusilla. │Aristobulus. │ │ Acts xxiv. 24. │ ├─────────────────┴───────────────── │ │Herod, king of │ │ Chalcis. │ ├─────────────────────────────────── │ │Herodias. │ │ Mark vi. 17. ─────────────┼─────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────── │Herod Philip, │ disinherited │ by Herod; first Mariamne II. │ husband of │ Herodias. │ Mark vi. 17. ─────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── │Archelaus, │ Ethnarch of │ Judæa, Samaria, │ and Ituræa. │Matt. ii. 22. ├───────────────────────────────────────────────────── Malthace. │Herod Antipas, │ Tetrarch of │ Galilee and │ Peræa; second │ husband of │ Herodias. Luke │ iii. Mark vi. ─────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────── │Philip, Tetrarch Cleopatra. │ of Trachonitis │ and Idumæa.

INDEX.

Aceldama, conjectures upon, 297 Acra, fortress in Jerusalem, 21, 36, 37, 42; besieged by Jonathan Maccabæus, 47; demolished by Simon Maccabæus, 53 Adida, position of, 51 Æneas, healed by St Peter, 394 Ænon, St John Baptist at, 167 Agabus, famine prophesied by, 403; his interview with St Paul at Cæsarea, 482 Agony, of Christ, the, 286 Agrippa. See Herod Alcimus, the High-priest, 39; opposes Judas Maccabæus, 40; flies to Antioch, 40; his reinstatement and death, 42 Alexander Jannæus, succeeds Aristobulus, 62; defeated by Lathyrus, 62; opposed by the Pharisees, 63; civil war under, 64; his cruelties and death, 64 Alexander the coppersmith, conjectures concerning, 470, 526 Alexander the Great, his victories over the Persians, 5; visit to Jerusalem, 6; historic grounds for this, 7; grants privileges to the Jews, 7; division of his empire at his death, 8 Alexandra, succeeds Alexander Jannæus, 64; her death, 65 Alexandra, mother-in-law of Mariamne, 83; imprisoned by Herod the Great, 85; put to death, 90 Alexandria, Jews established at, 7, 8; besieged by Antiochus Epiphanes, 23 Alexandria Troas, account of, 438; St Paul there, 472 Amphipolis, situation of, 445 Ananias, death of, 357 Ananias, of Damascus, 385; his mission to St Paul, 386 Andrew, St, call of, 159, 177, 187; with Christ on Mount Olivet, 276 Andronicus, deputy of Syria, kills Onias III., 22; his execution, 22 Angel, releases the Twelve from prison, 359; delivers St Peter, 406 Angels, at the sepulchre, 321, 322, 324 Anna, her testimony concerning Christ, 138 Annas, appointed High-priest and Sagan, 149; Christ at his house, 289; his hostility to the Christians, 353, 359 Antigonus, defeated by Ptolemy Soter, 9 Antigonus, son of Aristobulus, 73; attempts to gain the throne, 78; his success, 79; overcome by Herod the Great, 81; his death, 82 Antigonus, son of Hyrcanus, 59; his assassination, 61 Antioch, founded by Seleucus, 10; settlement of Jews at, 10, 107; early Christian church at, 401; teaching of St Paul and Barnabas at, 402, 422, 429; the term Christians first applied there, 403; disputes at, 423, 430 Antioch in Pisidia, St Paul’s sermon at, 414; the Apostles expelled from, 416 Antiochus Epiphanes, accession of, 3, 19; reduces Egypt, 22; takes Jerusalem, 22; profanes and plunders the Temple, 23; his attacks on Alexandria, 23, 24; his character, 25; his persecution of the Jews, 26; his death, 37 Antiochus Eupator, 38 Antiochus Sidetes, King of Syria, 55; besieges Jerusalem, 58; his death, 59 Antiochus the Great, defeated at Raphia, 13; captures Jerusalem, 14; the Jews submit to him, 15; his reverses, 17; and death, 18 Antiochus Theos, king of Syria, 48; murdered by Tryphon, 52 Antipater, governor of Idumæa, 66, 70, 71; his exertions for Julius Cæsar, 73; appointed procurator of Judæa, 74; poisoned, 76 Antipater, son of Herod the Great, 98, 100; plots against his father, 102; his condemnation 103; and death, 105 Antipatris, situation of, 99 Antonia, the Temple fortress, erected by Herod the Great, 91; St Paul’s address from the steps of, 487 Apollonia, account of, 446 Apollonius, Syrian general, his cruelties at Jerusalem, 26; his defeat and death, 31 Apollos, at Ephesus and Corinth, 460 Apostles, call of the first four, 177; the Twelve selected, 187; powers conferred upon them, 202; committed to prison, and released by an angel, 359; tried before the Sanhedrin, 360; their dismissal 362 Apostolic history, the, chronological table of, 533 Aquila, St Paul’s friend, at Corinth 454; accompanies him to Ephesus, 459; her connection with St Paul, 461, 469, 471; residence at Rome, 476 Arabia, conjectures on St Paul’s visit to, 387 Aramæan Jews, origin of, 109 Archelaus, accession and character of, 142; his dominions, 144; his cruelty and banishment, 146 Aretas, king of Arabia, besieges Jerusalem, 66; his hostilities with Herod Antipas, 388 Arimathæa, conjectures upon, 318 Aristobulus, son of Alexander Jannæus, 65; usurps the throne, 66; besieged in Jerusalem, 66, 69; taken captive to Rome, 69, 71; his death, 72 Aristobulus, son of Hyrcanus, 59; seizes the supreme power, 61; his tragical death, 62 Aristobulus, brother-in-law of Herod the Great, made High-priest by him, 83; who causes his death, 84 Artemis. See Diana Ascension, the, site of, 338 Ashdod or Azotus, 34; Philip the deacon at, 378 Asia, Roman province of, 344 Asiarchs, the officers so called, 460 Asmonæan dynasty, commencement of, 45; its decline, 61; its extinction, 82 Assideans, the, 30, 116 Athens, settlement of Jews there, 108; St Paul at, 449 Attaleia, position of, 413 Augustus, emperor of Rome, 90; his decree of taxation, 134; his death, 149 Auranitis, situation of, 145 Azotus. See Ashdod

Bacchides, Syrian general, 35, 40, 42, 43 Bagoses, Persian general, advances on Jerusalem, 4 Balas, opposes Demetrius, 44; his success, 45; confers the High-priesthood on Jonathan Maccabæus, 45; his defeat and death, 47 Barabbas, the robber, 303 Baris, the Temple fortress, 53, 61, 65, 91 Barnabas, St, his liberality, 356; first recognises St Paul, 389; his mission to Antioch, 402; accompanies St Paul, 411; with him at Cyprus, 411; Pamphylia, 413; Pisidian Antioch, 414; Iconium, 417; Lystra, 418; at the disputes at Antioch, 422; attends the Council at Jerusalem, 425; separates from St Paul, 432 Barsabas, Joseph, nominated for the Apostleship, 342 Barsabas, Judas, at Antioch, 429 Bartholomew, or Nathanael, call of, 159, 187 Bartimæus, the healing of, 258 Batanæa, situation of, 145 Batlanim, their duties, 111 Beautiful Gate, the, of the Temple, 96; the cripple healed there, 350 Berœa, settlement of Jews there, 108; its position, 448 Bethabara. See Bethany Bethany, St John Baptist at, 153; sojourn of Christ at, 239; its situation, 239; death and raising of Lazarus at, 248; Christ’s last Sabbath at, 259; His anointment there by Mary, 260; the Ascension near, 337 Bethesda, pool of, 172; the paralytic healed there, 172 Beth-horon, defeat of the Syrians at, 32 Bethlehem, Christ born there, 136; the shepherds at, 137; the declared birthplace of the Messiah, 140; murder of children there, 141 Bethphage, supposed position of, 261 Bethsaida-Julias, situation of, 204; the blind man restored at, 218 Bethsaida, Western, situation of, 208 Beth-sura or Beth-zur, fortress of, 36; besieged by Lysias, 38 Betrayal, the, of Christ, 287 Brethren, the, of the Lord, names of, 228

Cæsarea on the sea, founded by Herod the Great, 92; description of, 92; its completion, 99; the residence of the procurator, 147; Pilate resides there, 150; Philip the Deacon at, 378; St Paul at, 391; St Peter’s visit to Cornelius there, 398; St Paul entertained there by Philip the Deacon, 482; St Paul imprisoned at, 493, 502 Cæsarea Philippi, its situation and history, 218 Caiaphas, appointed High-priest, 149; his counsel to the Sanhedrin, 253; the conclave at his palace, 277; his hostility to the Christians, 353, 359 Calvary, its meaning, and site, 309 Cana, supposed site of, 160; the first miracle at, 161; the second miracle at, 171 Canon, the, of the Old Testament, completed by Simon the Just, 9 Capernaum, doubts as to its site, 162; nobleman’s son of, healed, 171; Christ takes up His abode there, 76–181; call of the Apostles there, 177; its advantages for His work, 176; His discourse in the synagogue there, 210 Captain, the, of the Levitical guard, duties of, 353, 359 Cenchreæ, situation of, 459 Census, of the Roman Empire under Augustus, 134; of Palestine under Herod, 135 Centurion’s slave, healed, 188 Chaldee, language used by the Jews, 109 Chazzan, the, duties of, 111 Children, the, murder of, by Herod, 141 ♦Chiun, the idol of the Israelites, 369 Christian, origin of the term, 403 Church, the, its first ordinances, 349, 363 Chuza, Herod’s steward, 171, 192 Circumcision, Christian disputes concerning, 423, 425; their settlement, 428 Cleopas, conjectures regarding, 326 Coinage, the, of Simon Maccabæus, 55 Colossæ, account of, 517 Colossians, object of the Epistle to, 517 Coponius, procurator of Judæa, 147 Corinth, settlement of Jews in, 108; St Paul there, 453, 474; Apollos there, 460; parties in the Church there, 466; St Paul’s anxiety about the Church there, 473 Corinthians, object of the 1st Epistle to, 468; of the 2nd Epistle, 474 Cornelius the Centurion, conjectures concerning, 396; sends for St Peter, 397; events of his visit, 398 Cos, situation of, 480 Courts, the various, in Herod’s Temple, 96 Crassus, prefect of Syria, enters Jerusalem, 71; plunders the Temple, 72 Crete, Titus placed at, 524 Cripple, the, at the Beautiful Gate, healed by SS. Peter and John, 350 Crosses, various kinds of, 311 Crown of Thorns, the, conjectures upon, 306 Crucifixion, Roman customs regarding, 317 Custody, various kinds of under the Roman law, 496 Cyprus, position of, 356; its advantages for a Christian mission, 411 Cyrenius, or Quirinus, governor of Syria, explanation of, 134

Dalmanutha, position of, 217 Damascus, seized by the Romans, 67; St Paul there, 384, 388 Darkness, the, at the Crucifixion, 314 Deacons, institution of, 365 Decapolis, cities in the region of, 199 Dedication, Feast of, institution 96; attended by Christ, 244 Demas, with St Paul at Rome, 516; forsakes him, 525 Demetrius, hostage at Rome, 19; seizes the Syrian crown, 39; opposes the Maccabees, 40; conspiracy against him, 44; routed by Balas, 45 Demetrius Nicator, opposes Balas, 46; becomes king of Syria, 47; deposed, 49 Denarius, the, description of, 269; its value, 279 Derbe, conjectures upon, 418; St Paul and Barnabas at, 421; St Paul and Silas at, 433 Devil, his temptation of Christ, 157 Diana, or Artemis, the temple of, at Ephesus, 463; account of her image and worship there, 464 Didrachma, the coin, 226 Disciples, call of the first five, 159; their number after the Ascension, 341 Dispersion, of the Jews, 107 Dorcas, raised from the dead by St Peter, 395 Drachma, value of the coin, 466 Drusilla, wife of Felix, 376, 496

Egypt, transportation of Jews to, 7, 8, 10, 107; flight of Mary and Joseph into, 140 Elam, position of, 344 Eleazar, brother of Simon the Just, High-priest, 11 Eleazar, son of Annas, 149 Eliashib, High-priest, 4 Elisabeth, wife of Zacharias, 127; her retirement, 129; visited by the Virgin, 131; becomes the mother of St John Baptist, 132 Elymas the Sorcerer, struck blind, 413 Emmaus, battle of, 33; position of, 326; Christ with the two disciples there, 327 Epaphroditus, bearer of the Epistle to the Philippians, 519 Ephesians, the, Epistle to, doubts about, 518 Ephesus, settlement of Jews there, 108; St Paul at, 459–461; importance of the city, 462; the conversion of the magicians there, 464; great disturbance at, 470; Timothy placed there by St Paul, 523 Ephraim, Christ retires to, 254 Essenes, the, account of, 118 Ethnarch, the, office of, 388 Eucharist, the Holy, institution of, 284; the first practice of, 349 Eumenes, King of Pergamus, 19 Eunuch, the Ethiopian, accosted by Philip, 377; baptized, 378 Eutychus, restored by St Paul, 479

Felix the governor, character of, 493; St Paul before him, 494, 496; is recalled, 497 Festus, succeeds Felix, 497; St Paul brought before him, 498, 501 Field of blood, the, site of, 297 Fig-tree, the barren, cursed, 265

Gabbatha, meaning of, 304 Gabinius, prefect of Syria, 70 Gabriel, the angel, appears to Zachariah, 129; to the Virgin Mary, 130 Gadarenes, the, country of, conjectures upon, 196; the works of Christ there, 197 Galatia, the district so called, 435; churches founded there, 436–438 Galatians, their fickleness, 437; origin of the Epistle to, 475 Galilee, geographical account of, 145; ‘of the Gentiles,’ why so called, 145; Christ’s teaching in, 192, 202; prophets arisen from, 232 Galilee, sea of. See Gennesaret, lake of Gallio, character of, 458 Gamaliel, account of, 360; his advice to the Sanhedrin, 361 Garment, Christ’s seamless, account of, 312 Gaulanitis, situation of, 145 Gauls, the, early invasions of, 435; character of the race, 437 Gaza of the New Testament, notice of, 376 Gazara, position of, 34 Gehenna, meaning of, 198, 347 Gennesaret, lake of, 176; miraculous draught of fishes from, 178; St Matthew at, 182; parables delivered from, and scenery suggestive of them, 194, 195; Christ stills the storm on, 196; cause of the violent tempests there, 196; desert character of its eastern side, 206; Christ walks on its waters, 209; His appearance there after His Resurrection, 331; description of the beach, 333 Gentile Greeks, enquire for Christ, 272 Gentiles, the, receive the Holy Ghost, 399; admitted into the Christian Church, 400 Gerizim, Mount, the rival temple built on, 5, 121; its destruction by John Hyrcanus, 59 Gethsemane, the site of, 286; the Betrayal there, 287 Golgotha, its meaning and site, 309 Gospel history, the, chronological table of, 532 Grecian influence, its effect on the Jews, 20, 114 Greek Gentiles, enquire for Christ, 272 Greek language, the general use of, 109; adopted by the Jews, 110

Hades, meaning of, 347 Hamath, Demetrius at, 49 Hebrew Jews, their disputes with the Hellenists, 363; their poverty, 364 Heliodorus, treasurer to Seleucus, 18; baffled in his attempt on the Temple, 19; his usurpation and defeat, 19 Hell, meaning of, 347 Hellenists, the, why so called, 110; their disputes with the Hebrew Jews, 364; introduced into the ministry as deacons, 365 Herod Agrippa I., account of, 392; appointed king of Judæa, 404; slays St James, 405; arrests St Peter, 406; his miserable death, 407 Herod Agrippa II., account of, 499; St Paul brought before him, 500 Herod Antipas, his dominions, 145; imprisons St John Baptist, 168; causes his death, 203; his desire to see Christ, 205; his hostility to Him, 246; Christ brought before him, 301; his hostilities with Aretas, 388 Herod Philip, his dominions, 145 Herod the Great, appointed tetrarch of Galilee, 74; his energy and successes, 74; betrothed to Mariamne, 77; escapes from Jerusalem, 78; goes to Rome, 79; nominated King of Judæa, 80; his marriage, 81; captures Jerusalem, 81; his cruelties to the Jews, 82; causes the death of Aristobulus, 84; his policy with Octavius, 87; his anger against Mariamne, 88; orders her death, 89; his policy to the Jews, 90; founds Cæsarea, 92; his unpopularity, 94; rebuilds the temple, 95; discords in his family, 97, 100; causes his sons to be strangled, 101; his jealousy of Christ, 139; his interview with the Magi, 140; orders the massacre of the Innocents, 141; his severe illness, 103, 104; his cruelties and agonizing death, 105 Herodian family, the, chronological table of, 531; genealogy of, 535 Herodians, the, account of, 119; they question Christ, 268 Herodias, wife of Herod Antipas, 168; her anger against St John Baptist, 202; causes his murder, 203 High-priest, the, subject to the civil governor, 3 Hillel, a sect of the Pharisees, 117, 255 Holy Ghost, the, descent of, 345; the second descent of, 355; descends on the Gentiles, 399 Hyrcanus, John, defeats the Syrians, 56; succeeds Simon Maccabæus, 57; besieged in Jerusalem, 58; his prosperous reign, 60; his death, 61 Hyrcanus II., the succession of, as High-priest, 64; as King, 65; his deposition, 66; nominated by Pompeius to the High-priesthood, 69; confirmed by Julius Cæsar, 73; imprisoned by the Parthians, 78; mutilated by his nephew, 79; executed by Herod the Great, 87

Iconium, situation of, 417 Idumæa, plain of, 34 Illyricum, position of, 474 Imperial provinces, the government of, 147 Inscription, the, placed over Christ, 309, 311 Ipsus, battle of, 9 Italy, settlements of the Jews in, 109 Ituræa, situation of, 145

Jacob’s well, situation of, 169 Jaddua, High-priesthood of, 4; refuses allegiance to Alexander the Great, 5; the meeting between them, 6 Jairus’ daughter, restored to life, 199 Jakim, or Joachin, High-priest, 39. See Alcimus James, St, the Great, call of, 177; named with his brother Boanerges, 187; present at the raising of Jairus’ daughter, 201; at the Transfiguration, 222; his request to Christ, 257; with Christ on Mount Olivet, 276; at Gethsemane, 286; slain by Herod, 405 James, St, the Less, call of, 187; his recognition of St Paul, 389; notices of him in the Acts, 390; head of the Church in Jerusalem, 410, 483; his character, 426; his address at the Council of Jerusalem, 427; receives St Paul at Jerusalem, 483; date of his Epistle, 528 Jamnia, position of, 34 Jannæus. See Alexander Jason, or Joshua, brother of Onias III, usurps the High-priesthood, 20; deposed by Onias IV., 21; favours idolatry, 21; seizes Jerusalem, 22 Jericho, Simon Maccabæus murdered at, 57; Pompeius at, 69; death of Herod the Great at, 105, 142; blind man restored at, 257; sources of its wealth, 258; Christ entertained there by ♦Zacchæus, 258 Jerusalem, Bagoses at, 4; visited by Alexander the Great, 6; captured by Ptolemy Soter, 8; by Antiochus Scopas, 14; by Antiochus Epiphanes, 22; by his general Apollonius, 26; deserted by the Jews, 26; the walls repaired by Jonathan Maccabæus, 45, 50, and by Simon Maccabæus, 51; its freedom achieved under Simon Maccabæus, 53; taken by Pompeius, and its walls demolished, 69; entered by Crassus, 71; taken by the Parthians, 79; by Herod the Great, 81; number of Synagogues there, 113; routes to it from Nazareth, 131; scenes in, during the Passover, 162; Christ attends the Feast of Tabernacles there, 230, and the Feast of Dedication, 244; His triumphal entry into it, 262; His view of it from the Mount of Olives, 276; the assembly at the Feast of Pentecost, 344; St Paul’s first visit to, 389; the proceedings at the Council of, 425 Jesus, His birth announced, 130; meaning of the Name, 130; is born in Bethlehem, 136; circumcised, 137; testimony of Symeon and Anna concerning Him, 138; Herod’s jealousy of Him, 139; adored by the Magi, 140; His flight into Egypt, 140; returns to Nazareth, 142; with the Rabbis in the Temple, 144; baptized by John, 156; His temptation, 157; calls His disciples, 159; His first miracle at Cana, 161; celebrates His first Passover, 162; cleanses the Temple, 163; His interview with Nicodemus, 165; with the woman of Samaria, 169; announces Himself the Messiah, 170, 173, 219; heals the nobleman’s son, 171; the paralytic at Bethesda, 172; is forcibly rejected from Nazareth, 175; abides at Capernaum, 176; the miraculous draught of fishes, 178; heals the man with an evil spirit, and St Peter’s wife’s mother, 179; the leper, 180, and the paralytic, 181; his declarations regarding the Sabbath, 184, 243; restores the withered hand, 185; selects His twelve Apostles, 186; delivers the Sermon on the Mount, 188; heals the centurion’s slave, 188; raises the widow’s son, 189; His testimony to St John Baptist, 191; anointed by the sinful woman, 192; cures the deaf and dumb demoniac, 193; stills the storm on Gennesaret, 196; His works among the Gadarenes, 197; cures the woman with an issue, 200; raises Jairus’ daughter, 201; feeds five thousand, 206; walks on the sea, 209; discourses in the synagogue of Capernaum, 210; cures the daughter of the Syro-Phœnician, 214; the deaf and dumb man, 215; feeds four thousand, 216; restores the blind man, 218; foretells His death, 220, 221, 225, 234, 257; His transfiguration, 222; cures the lunatic child, 224; attends the Feast of Tabernacles, 230; hostility of the Sanhedrin to Him, 231, 236; dismisses the woman taken in adultery, 233; restores the man born blind, 235; sends forth the seventy, 238; His sojourn at Bethany, 239; His various discourses and miracles, 239; raises Lazarus from the dead, 251; effect of this on the ruling powers, 252; His death determined upon, 254; retires to Ephraim, 254; cleanses the ten lepers, 255; His reply to the sons of Zebedee, 257; entertained by Zacchæus, 258; retires to Bethany, 259; anointed by Mary, 260; His triumphal entry into ♦Jerusalem, 262; curses the barren fig-tree, 265; second cleansing of the Temple, 265; questioned by the Herodians, 268; by the Sadducees, 269; by the Pharisees, 270; interrogates the Pharisees, 271; enquired for by the Gentile Greeks, 272; foretells the destruction of the Temple, 275; and the judgments upon Jerusalem, 276; celebrates the Last Supper, 282; washes His disciples’ feet, 282; gives the sop to Judas, 283; institutes the Eucharist, 284; His agony in Gethsemane, 286; Betrayal, 288; in the house of Annas, 290; before the Sanhedrin, 293; sent before Pilate, 296; His trial before him, 298; before Herod, 301; the clamours for His death, 304; is scourged, 305; His condemnation, 308; Crucifixion, 311; His death, 315; His side pierced, 318; His entombment, 319; His resurrection, 322; appears to Mary Magdalene and the other women, 324; to the two disciples at Emmaus, 326; to Peter, 328; to the ten disciples, 329; to the eleven, 330; reproves Thomas, 330; appears to disciples at Lake of Gennesaret, 332; His charge to Peter there, 334; His appearance on the mountain to five hundred, 336; his manifestations during the great forty days, 336; His Ascension, 338 Jews, the, scanty records of for 250 years, 3; their loyalty as Persian subjects, 3; privileges granted to them by Alexander the Great, 5, 107; their feuds with the Samaritans, 5, 122; transported to Egypt by Ptolemy Soter, 8, 107; oppressed there by Ptolemy Philopator, 14; submit to Antiochus the Great, 15; become subject to the Syrian kings, 16; effects of Grecian influence on them, 20, 114; their persecution under Antiochus Epiphanes, 26; their revived fortunes under the Maccabees, 49; their wide dispersion, 107; gradual changes in their language, 109; the three Greek words signifying them, 110; the sects among them, 113; their expectations of the Messiah, 123; they revolt against the census of Augustus, 148; disputes between the Hebrew and Hellenist sects, 364; chronological table of, under the Persians, 530 ♦Joazar, High-priest, 148 Johanan, or Jonathan, slays his brother in the Temple, 4 John, St, the Baptist, his birth announced, 128; and mission, 129; events attending his birth, 132; becomes a Nazarite, 132; his mode of life, 133; begins his ministry, 153; his preaching, 154; its effect, 155–158; baptizes Christ, 156; at Ænon, 167; his testimony to Christ there, 167; imprisoned by Herod Antipas, 168; sends two disciples to Christ, 190; Christ’s testimony to him, 191; events causing his death, 202 John, St, the Evangelist, call of, 159, 177; named with his brother Boanerges, 187; present at the raising of Jairus’ daughter, 201; at the Transfiguration, 222; his request to Christ, 257; with Christ on Mount Olivet, 276; sent to prepare the Passover, 279; with Christ at Gethsemane, 286; at the Cross of Christ, 312; takes charge of the Virgin Mary, 313; at the sepulchre, 321, 323; recognises Christ at Gennesaret, 332; Christ’s announcement to him there, 335; heals the cripple at the Beautiful Gate, 350; his mission to Samaria, 375; his subsequent history, 529 John, surnamed Mark. See Mark Joiada, the High-priest, 4 Joppa, taken by Simon Maccabæus, 49; St Peter’s visit there, 395 Jordan, the, St John Baptist at, 153 Joseph Barsabas, put forward for the Apostleship, 342 Joseph, nephew of Onias II., collector for the king of Egypt, 12; his powerful family, 13; the quarrel between his sons, 18 Joseph, the husband of Mary, his lineage, 130, 136; an angel appears to him, 132; accompanies Mary to Bethlehem, 136; his flight into Egypt, 140 Joseph of Arimathæa, buries Christ, 318 Joshua, slain by his brother in the temple, 4 Judæa, a Persian dependence of Cœlesyria, 3; conquered by Alexander the Great, 5; its independence recognised under Simon Maccabæus, 53; its prosperity, 54, 60; its decline under Jannæus, 63; its position at the birth of Christ, 134; its extent as a Roman province, 144; its form of government, 147; oppressiveness of the Roman yoke, 151; the wilderness of, 153 Judas Iscariot, the call of, 188; his complaints at Christ’s anointment by Mary, 260; inferences as to his character, 260; his motives for the betrayal of Christ, 278; his compact with the rulers, 279; receives the sop from Christ, 283; his movements after, 288; betrays Christ, 288; his remorse, 296; probable mode of his death, 296; his suicide, 297; his place filled by Matthias, 342 Judas of Galilee, the rising of, 148, 362 Jude, St, the call of, 187; conjectures as to his Epistle, 529 Julius Cæsar, confirms Hyrcanus II. in the High-priesthood, 73

Karaites, or Karæans, sect of, 115

Language, Jewish, gradual changes in, 109 Laomedon, defeated by Ptolemy Soter, 8 Lazarus, position of the family of, 239; his death, 248; is raised from the dead, 251; at the house of Simon the leper, 259 Levi, identity of, with Matthew, 182 Libertini, the, conjectures upon, 366 Lilies of the field, conjectures upon, 241 Locusts, as an article of food, 133 Lots, choosing by, the mode of, 343 Lucius of Cyrene, notice of, 410 Luke, St, an instance of his professional knowledge, 179; becomes the companion of St Paul, 439; with him at Cæsarea, 496; his Gospel probably composed there, 497; with St Paul during his first imprisonment at Rome, 516; and at his second imprisonment, 526 Lydda, the position of, 394 Lydia, settlement of Jews there, 15, 108 Lydia, converted by St Paul, 441 Lysias, Syrian regent, 32; defeated by Judas Maccabæus, 35; besieges Beth-Zur, 38; his death, 39 Lysias, Claudius, rescues St Paul from the Jews, 486, 490; sends him to Cæsarea, 492 Lystra, St Paul and Barnabas at, 418; the cripple healed there, 418; St Paul and Silas at, 433

Maccabæus, Jonathan, succeeds Judas, 42; deputy governor of Judæa, 43; becomes High-priest, 45; his loyalty to Balas, 46; his dignities confirmed by Demetrius, 47; his exploits, 47; overthrown by the treachery of Tryphon, 51; his death and burial, 52 Maccabæus, Judas, 30; his exploits, 31, 35, 37; his successes at Emmaus, 33; re-dedicates the Temple, 36; becomes governor of Palestine, 39; his death, 41 Maccabæus, Simon, 30, 37; commands the royal forces, 49; succeeds Jonathan, 51; confirmed in the High-priesthood, 53; accomplishes the freedom of Judæa, 53; his dominion confirmed, 54; his coinage, 55; murdered at Jericho, 57 Maccabees, supposed meanings of, 31 Magdala, position of, 217, 320 Magi, the, conjectures concerning them, 139; they arrive at Jerusalem, 139; their interview with Herod, 140; their adoration of Christ, 140 Magnificat, the, origin of, 131 Malchus, his ear cut off by St Peter, 289 ♦Malichus, adherent of Hyrcanus II., 75; the murder of, 76 Manaen, foster-brother of Herod, conjectures upon, 410 Manasseh, brother of Jaddua, 4; becomes first High-priest of Samaria, 5 Manasseh, son of Jaddua, High-priest, 11 Mariamne, betrothed to Herod the Great, 77; married to him, 81; her anger against him, 85, 88; put to death by his order, 89 Mark, John, account of, 410; accompanies St Paul and Barnabas, 411; returns to Jerusalem, 414; again to Antioch, 429; cause of dissension between St Paul and Barnabas, 432; accompanies Barnabas, 432; with St Paul at Rome, 516 Marriage, the, at Cana, 161 Martha, sister of Lazarus, 239, 248; her conduct on the death of her brother, 250, 251; at the house of Simon the leper, 259 Mary Magdalene, at the Cross of Christ, 312; at the entombment, 319; at the sepulchre, 320, 321, 323; Christ appears to her, 324 Mary, St, the Virgin, her lineage, 130, 136; the birth of Jesus announced to her, 130; visits Elisabeth, 131; her journey to Bethlehem, 135; gives birth to Christ, 136; her purification, 137; her flight into Egypt, 140; finds Christ in the Temple, 143; at the Cross of Christ, 312; St John takes charge of her, 313; the last mention of her in the New Testament, 338 Mary, sister of Barnabas, 406 Mary, sister of Lazarus, 239, 248; her conduct on the death of her brother, 250; anoints Christ, 260; His declaration, 261 Mary, wife of Clopas, at the Cross of Christ, 312, 320; at the entombment, 319; at the sepulchre, 320 Masada, fortress of, its position, 78; besieged by Antigonus, 80 Mattathias, his family and descent, 29; revolts against Antiochus, 29; his last counsels and death, 30 Matthew, St, call of, 182, 187; his identity with Levi, 182 Matthias, St, chosen an Apostle, 342 Melita, St Paul at, 510 Mesopotamia, position of, 344 Messiah, the, expectation of amongst the Jews, 123, 151; His supposed attributes, 124; foretold by St John Baptist, 155, 158; Christ announces Himself as such to the woman of Samaria, 170; to the Jews, 173; to the Apostles, 219 Michmash, Jonathan Maccabæus at, 43 Miletus, settlement of the Jews there, 108; St Paul’s farewell there, 479 Miracle, four Greek words signifying it in the New Testament, 347 Miraculous draught of fishes, the first, 178; the second, 332 Mite, the coin so called, 272 Mithridates, king of Parthia, 55 Mizpeh, the watch-tower near Jerusalem, 6, 33 Mnason of Cyprus, 402, 483 Modin, the position of, 29; the burial-place of the Maccabees, 30, 41, 52 Mount of the Beatitudes, the, 188

Nain, position of, 189; the widow’s son restored to life there, 190 Nathanael, or Bartholomew, call of, 159, 187 Nazareth, its position and aspect, 129, 176; routes to it from Jerusalem, 131; Christ in the Synagogue there, 174, 201; His forcible rejection from, 175 Nicodemus, his visit to Jesus, 165; pleads for Him in the Sanhedrin, 232; at the entombment, 318 Nicopolis, situation of, 525 Nobleman of Capernaum, supposition concerning, 171; his son healed, 171

Officers of the Synagogues, 111 Olives, Mount of, Christ views Jerusalem from, 276 Onesimus, account of, 516; St Paul’s letter to Philemon on his behalf, 517; bearer of the Epistle to the Colossians, 518 Onesiphorus, with Paul at Rome, 527 Onias I., High-priest, 9 Onias II., High-priest, his avarice, 11; refuses tribute to Egypt, 12 Onias III., High-priest, 18; deposed by his brother, 20; his death, 22 Onias IV., or Menelaus, usurps the High-priesthood, 21; his sacrilege, 21; his impiety, 23; his death, 39 Oriental house, description of, 290

Palestine, census of, under Herod, 134 Panium, Mount, battle of, 15; its results, 16 Paphos, account of, 412 Parables, suggested by the scenery of the Lake of Gennesaret, 194, 195 Parthians, the, capture Jerusalem, 79 Passover, the first attended by Christ, 162; the ceremonies at its celebration, 280 Patara, situation of, 481 Paul, St, at the martyrdom of St Stephen, 371; his persecution of the Christians, 372, 382; his birthplace and education, 379; his conversion, 383; baptized by Ananias, 386; his teaching at Damascus, 386, 388; withdraws to Arabia, 387; his escape from Damascus, 389; his first reception at Jerusalem, 389; his teaching there, 390; his teaching at Antioch, 402, 410; joined by Barnabas, 411; strikes Elymas blind, 412; conjectures on the change of his name, 413; his sermon at Pisidian Antioch, 414; his proceedings at Iconium, 417; at Lystra, 418; is stoned there, 420; proceedings at Derbe, 421; disputes at Antioch, 422; attends the Council of Jerusalem, 425; withstands St Peter at Antioch, 430; his contention with Barnabas, 432; accompanied by Silas, 433; ordains Timothy, 435; his tour in Galatia, &c., 435; his “thorn in the flesh,” 436; joined by St Luke, 439; his proceedings at Philippi, 440; at Thessalonica, 446; Berœa, 448; Athens, 449; Corinth, 453; Ephesus, 459, 461; his work there, 462–472; his anxiety at Troas and Philippi, 473; his second visit to Greece, 473–480; his farewell at Miletus, 479; his visit to Tyre, 481; with St Philip the Evangelist at Cæsarea, 482; arrives at Jerusalem, 483; the tumult in the Temple, 486; his address to the crowd, 487; ordered to be scourged, 488; claims the right of a Roman, 489; brought before the Sanhedrin, 489; sent to Cæsarea, 492; his defence before Felix, 495; brought before Festus, 498, 501; appeals to Cæsar, 499; his defence before Agrippa, 501; sets out for Rome, 503; his shipwreck, 508; reception at Melita, 510; arrival at Rome, 512; address to the Jews there, 513; acts during his first imprisonment, 515; trial and acquittal, 521; subsequent travels, 522–525; his second imprisonment at Rome, 525; writes for Timothy, 527; his condemnation and death, 527 Pavement, the, its use in forms of justice, 303 Pentecost, the Feast of, strangers assembled at, 343; descent of the Holy Ghost on, 345 Peræa, situation of, 145; Christ’s tour in, 245 Perga, position of, 443 Pergamus, settlement of Jews there, 108 Persian Empire, the, downfall of, 5 Peter, St, call of, 159, 177, 187; his wife’s mother healed, 179; present at the raising of Jairus’ daughter, 201; sinks in the sea, 208; his declaration to Christ, 212; his confession, 219; present at the Transfiguration, 222; with Christ on Mount Olivet, 276; sent to prepare the ♦Passover, 279; his denial foretold, 285; cuts off Malchus’s ear, 289; his denial of Christ, 290; at the Sepulchre, 321, 323; Christ reveals Himself to him after the resurrection, 328; his zeal at the Lake of Gennesaret, 333; Christ’s charge to him there, 334; advises the election of an Apostle, 342; his discourse on the Day of Pentecost, 346; heals the lame man at the Beautiful Gate, 350; his discourse afterwards, 351; his defence before the Sanhedrin, 354, 360; reproves Ananias and Sapphira, 357; his mission to Samaria, 375; reproves Simon Magus, 375; recognizes St Paul, 389; restores Æneas at Lydda, 394; raises Dorcas at Joppa, 395; his vision there, 397; his visit to Cornelius, 398; arrested by Herod, 406; delivered by an Angel, 406; his address at the Council of Jerusalem, 425; his difference with St Paul, 430; his subsequent history, 528 Pharisees, the rise of, 60; their opposition to Jannæus, 63; account of their doctrines, 115; their hostility to Christ, 181–186, 193, 213, 232, 240, 246, 267; try to ensnare Christ, 270; He interrogates them, 271; their conduct to the early Christians, 353, 363, 372 Phasael, governor of Judæa, 74; his imprisonment, 78; death, 79 Philemon, account of, 516; cause of St Paul’s Epistle to, 517 Philip of Macedon, ally of Antiochus the Great, 14; his reverses, 16 Philip, St, the Evangelist, consecrated a deacon, 365; preaches in Samaria, 373; baptizes Simon Magus, 375; his meeting with the Ethiopian eunuch, 377; takes up his abode at Cæsarea, 378; receives St Paul there, 482 Philip, St, the Apostle, call of, 159, 187; Christ’s enquiry of him about feeding the five thousand, 206 Philippi, settlement of Jews in, 108; description of, 440; St Paul and Silas there, 441; St Paul’s second visit to, 473 Philippians, object of St Paul’s Epistle to, 519; its contents, 521 Phœbe, account of, 476 Phrygia, settlement of Jews in, 15, 108; geographical meaning of, 435 Pilate, Pontius, his despotic government of Judæa, 150; meaning of his names, 150; ruthlessness of his character, 150, 151; his outrage on the Galatians, 241; Christ sent to him by the Sanhedrin, 296; His trial before him, 298; his efforts for Christ, 302, 307; the message from his wife, 304; condemns Christ to be crucified, 307; his ultimate fate, 308; his inscription on the cross, 309, 311; sets a watch over the sepulchre, 320 Pilate’s wife, traditions concerning, 304 Place of prayer, the, or Proseucha, 113 Pompeius, at Damascus, 68; in the Temple at Jerusalem, 69 Pontus, situation of, 344 Potion, the, offered to Christ, composition of, 310 Prætorium, meaning of, 493 Priscilla, friend of St Paul, at Corinth, 454; accompanies him to Ephesus, 459; her connection with him, 461, 469, 471; with him at Rome, 476 Proconsul, the office of, 147, 412 Proprætor, the office of, 147, 412 Proselytes, the various classes of, 118 Proseucha, the, or place of prayer, 113 Ptolemais, the position of, 37; St Paul there, 482 Ptolemies, the, era of, chronological table of, 530 Ptolemy, son-in-law of Simon Maccabæus, 57 Ptolemy Epiphanes, accession of, 14 Ptolemy Euergetes, the policy of, 12 Ptolemy Philadelphus, his policy to the Jews, 10, 107; originates the Septuagint, 11 Ptolemy Philopator, reign of, 13; visits the Temple, 13; his death, 14 Ptolemy Soter, captures Jerusalem, 8; transports the Jews to Egypt, 8; defeats Antigonus, 9 Purple robe, the, of Christ, conjectures upon, 305

Quirinus or Cyrenius, dates of his government of Syria, 134; carries out the Census, 148

Raphia, battle of, 13 Remphan, the Israelites’ idol, 366 Roman Asia, extent of, 344 Roman yoke in Judæa, the oppressiveness of, 151 Romans, origin of the Epistle to, 476 Rome, settlement of Jews in, 109; St Paul arrives at, 512; his first imprisonment there, 515–522; his second imprisonment, 525; martyred there, 528 Ruler of the Synagogue, office of, 111

Sabbath, the, Christ’s declarations concerning it, 184, 243 Sabbath-feasts, among the Jews, 259 Sadducees, the, rise of, 60; their doctrines, 114, 270; causes of their pacific feeling towards the Romans, 253; try to ensnare Christ, 269; their bitterness against the Apostles, 353, 360, 363; their hostility to the Christians, 372 Sagan, the office of, 149 Salamis, account of, 412 Salim, position of, 167 Salome, at the sepulchre, 320 Salome, daughter of Herodias, asks for St John Baptist’s head, 203 Salome, queen of Aristobulus, 61; causes the assassination of Antigonus, 62 Salome, sister of Herod, 85; plots against Mariamne, 88; against Herod’s sons, 98; her dominions, 146 Samaria, the district of, the rival temple established there, 5; conquered by Hyrcanus, 59; the history of, 120; Christ’s tour through, 229; Philip’s preaching there, 373; Mission of Peter and John to, 375 Samaria, the city of, destroyed by Hyrcanus, 59; rebuilt under Herod the Great, 91; Christ stays there, 170 Samaritans, their controversy with the Jews, 5, 122, 169; their religious belief, 121 Samothrace, situation of, 440 Sanhedrin, the, Herod’s vengeance on, 82; account of its constitution, 108; Nicodemus a member of it, 165; its hostility to Christ, 231, 236; effect upon it of the raising of Lazarus, 252; counsel of Caiaphas to, 253; it resolves on Christ’s death, 254; a deputation from, questions Christ, 266; assembles at the palace of Caiaphas to try Christ, 291; the trial, 293; sends Christ to Pilate, 295; policy of, regarding Christ’s Resurrection, 325; its trial of Peter and John, 352; of the Twelve Apostles, 359; Gamaliel’s advice to, 360; its trial of Stephen, 367; and of Paul, 489 Sapha or Mizpeh, the watch-tower near Jerusalem, 6, 33 Sapphira, the death of, 358 Sardis, settlement of Jews in, 108 Saul, reason of the change in his name, 413. See Paul Scopas, retakes Jerusalem, 14; defeated by Antiochus the Great, 15 Scourging by the Romans, its torture, 305 Scribes, the, account of, 116 Scythopolis, the ancient Beth-shan, 13, 50; captured by Hyrcanus, 59 Sects, among the Jews, 113 Seleucia, founded by Seleucus, 9; advantages of its position, 10, 411 Seleucidæ, the, era of, chronological table of, 430 Seleucus, king of Syria, the empire of, 9; numerous cities founded by him, 10 Seleucus Philopator, accession of, 18 Senatorial provinces, the Government of, 147 Septuagint, the, originated by Ptolemy Philadelphus, 11 Sepulchral caves, among the Jews, 251 Sepulchre, the, of Christ, 319 Sergius Paulus, the conversion of, 413 Sermon on the Mount, the, traditional scene of its delivery, 188; differences in the narrative of, 188 Seventy, the, mission of, 238; meaning of the number, 238 Shammai, a sect of the Pharisees, 117, 255 Shechem, Samaritan temple at, 121; Jacob’s well at, 168 Shekel, the coin, description of, 55; its scarcity at the time of Christ, 225; its value, 279 Sheliach, officer of the Synagogue, 111; duties of, 112 Silas, derivation of his name, 429; accompanies St Paul, 433; imprisoned at Philippi, 443; remains at Berœa, 449; rejoins Paul at Corinth, 445; remains at Jerusalem, 459 Siloam pool, the blind man sent to wash in, 235 Siloam, tower of, the fall of, 242 Simon, surnamed Niger, notice of, 410 Simon II., High-priest, 14 Simon Magus, account of, 374; baptized by St Philip, 375; rebuked by St Peter, 375; his subsequent history, 376 Simon of Cyrene, account of, 310 Simon Peter. See Peter Simon, St, call of, 187 Simon the Just, High-priest, 9; completes the canon of the Old Testament, 9; his death, 11 Simon the leper, entertains Christ at Bethany, 259 Simon the Pharisee, entertains Christ, 192 Simon the tanner, St Luke’s visit to, 396 Solomon’s porch, in the temple, 96; why so called, 244 Spikenard, costliness of, 260 Stater, the coin, 227 Stephen, St, consecrated a deacon, 365; his teaching, 366; brought before the Sanhedrin, 367; his defence, 368; the forerunner of St Paul, 368; his martyrdom, 371 Strato’s tower, its position, 92; Cæsarea built there, 92 Sychar, Jacob’s well at, 168 Sychem, captured by Hyrcanus, 59 Symeon, his testimony to Christ, 138 Synagogues, origin of, 110; their arrangement, 110; their chief officers, 111; the form of worship in them, 112; their wide dispersion, 113 Syrian tongue, used by the Jews, 109 Syrophœnician woman, the, 214

Tabernacles, the feast of, attended by Christ, 230 Tabitha, raised by St Peter, 395 Tarsus, position of, 379 Taxation, of Roman empire under Augustus, 134 Temple, the, profaned by Bagoses, 4; Alexander’s sacrifice in, 6; enriched by Simon the Just, 9; attempted profanity of Ptolemy Philopator, 14; attempt on by Heliodorus, 19; profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, 23; cessation of the daily sacrifice in, 26; heathen abominations in, 27; re-dedicated by Judas Maccabæus, 36; its fortifications strengthened by Simon Maccabæus, 53; captured by Pompeius, 69; plundered by Crassus, 72; rebuilt by Herod the Great, 95; description of it, 96; Christ with the Rabbis in, 143; its profanation by ♦merchandise, 163; cleansed by Christ, 164; second cleansing of, 265; the heavenly voice in, 274; Christ foretells its destruction, 275; the veil rent at the death of Christ, 315; the cripple healed at the Beautiful Gate, 350; the tumult against St Paul in, 485 Temple, the rival, on Mount Gerizim, 5; heathen dedication of, 27; its destruction by Hyrcanus, 59 Temptation, the, of Christ, its traditional site, 156 Therapeutæ, the, account of, 119 Thessalonians, reasons for St Paul’s epistles to, 456 Thessalonica, settlement of Jews in, 108; description of, 446 Theudas, conjectures concerning, 361 Thief, the penitent, 313 Thirty pieces of silver, value of, 279 Thomas, St, call of, 187; his character, 249; his doubts concerning the Resurrection, 330; their removal, 331 Thyatira, situation of, 441 Tiberias, Sea of. See Gennesaret Tiberius, the Emperor, 149, 152 Timothy, conversion of, 421; conjectures concerning him, 433; ordained by St Paul, 435; remains at Philippi, 445; rejoins Paul at Corinth, 455; accompanies him to Ephesus, 459; meets him at Philippi, 473; with him at Rome, 516; placed at Ephesus, 523; causes of St Paul’s first Epistle to him, 523; of the second, 527 Title, the, placed by Pilate, on the Cross, 309, 311 Titus, accompanies Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem, 424, 428; the probable companion of Paul to Ephesus, 459; his mission to Corinth, 472, 474; placed at Crete, 524; objects of Paul’s epistle to, 524 Tongues of fire, the, at the Pentecostal effusion, 345 Town-clerk of Ephesus, office of, 470 Trachonitis, situation of, 145 Transfiguration, the, of Christ, 222 Treasure-chests, in the Temple, 234 Tribute-money, the purpose of, 95; Peter takes it from the fish’s mouth, 226 Tribute to Cæsar, Christ questioned on, 269 Troas, account of, 438; St Paul at, 472 Trophimus, accompanies Paul to Troas, 471; remains at Miletus, 525 Tryphon, revolts against Demetrius, 48; his treachery to Jonathan Maccabæus, 50; and to Simon, 52; murders Antiochus, 52; his reverses and death, 55 Tychicus, accompanies Paul to Troas, 471; with him at Rome, 516; bearer of the Epistle to the Colossians, 517; to the Ephesians, 518 Tyre, St Paul at, 481

Via Appia, the account of, 511 Voice, the heavenly, at the Jordan, 156; at the Transfiguration, 223; in the Temple, 274

Watches, the Jewish, periods of, 208 Widow’s offering, the, 272 Wilderness of Judæa, the, 153 Woman of Samaria, the, Christ’s interview with, 169 Woman, the sinful, anoints Christ, 192 Woman, the, of Syrophœnicia, 214 Woman, the, taken in adultery, 232 Worship of the Synagogue, account of, 112

Zacchæus, entertains Christ, 258 Zacharias, the priestly office of, 127; the promise of a son to him, 128, 129; names him John, 132 Zebedee, his social position, 177

THE END.

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY & SONS, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

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