Part 19

(3.) Heinrich's _iocis_ gives us, 'Rarely skilled to rally the young with jibe and jest and have a fling at old sinners, but all in high-bred style.' _Pollice honesto_ is the _ingenuo ludo_ of 5, 16. Comp. also 2, 74: _generoso #honesto#_; and the _#honesta# oratio_ of Ter., Andr., 1, 1, 114: _quae opponitur #plebeiae#_, as Gesner says, s.v. It is hardly necessary to say that the English language has no synonyme for _honestus_, which embraces the goodly outside as well as the pure heart.

Mr. Conington translates Hermann's text and comments on Jahn's. _Lusisse senes_ he understands as _amavisse senili more_, the poet being said to do the deed he writes about, Verg., Ecl., 9, 19. It would be far more simple to make _iocos senes_ = _amores senilis_, harsh as that would be. Old men's philanderings are fair game for the satirist or comic poet to have his fling at (_lusisse_). _Turpe senilis amor_, as the master says, Ov., Am., 1, 9, 4. Compare the Casina of Plautus. --#pollice#: the cithern being played chiefly with the thumb.

6. #lusisse#: Comp. _scit #risisse#_, 1, 132. --#mihi#: The step-father of Persius probably had a seat there.

7. #intepet#: The warmth of the coast made it a favorite resort for invalids. It is not unlikely that Persius was a man of delicate constitution. --#hibernat#: According to some, 'my sea winters,' that is, 'rests for the winter,' is not vexed by the keels of ships (Schol.). According to others, 'is wintry,' like _hiemat_ (the more common word in this sense). A stormy sea was supposed to lash itself warm. Jahn quotes, among other passages, Cic., N. D., 2, 10, 26: _maria agitata ventis #tepescunt#_. --#meum#: 'my sea,' 'my favorite haunt.' Some have inferred falsely from this passage that Luna was the birthplace of Persius.

8. #latus dant#: 'present their giant side,' 'interpose a mighty barrier' against the winds. Jahn comp. Verg., Aen., 1, 105: _undis #dat latus#_. --#valle# = _sinu_. The Abl. of manner may be translated locally; 'into a deep bay' (Conington). --#se receptat#: 'retreats,' 'retires' from the storms. So Horace (Od., 1, 17, 17; Epod., 2, 11) speaks of a _reducta vallis_. Jahn refers the frequentative to the windings of the bay. 'Keeps retreating,' 'retreats further and further,' might very well be said from the traveller's point of view. The description of the harbor, now the Gulf of Spezia, is said to be very accurate.

9. #Lunai portum#, etc.: Ennius, Ann., v. 16 (Vahl.). Luna, from which the harbor took its name, was not on the gulf, but on the eastern side of the Macra (Magra), near the modern Sarzana. --#est operae#: Commonly explained by the ellipsis of _pretium_. But the Gen. is very elastic. --#cognoscite#: is easier in tone, _cognoscere_ is easier for translation. #cives#: 'good people all.' Ger. _Leutlein_. Jahn notices the _antiqua gramtas_ of _civis_.

10. #cor Enni#: Comp. _re-#cor#-dor_ and _#cor#-datus_, and our 'get _by heart_.' So _credidit meum #cor#_, Enn., Ann., 374 (Vahl.). See Mart., 3, 26, 4; 11, 84, 17. The expression is little more than _cordatus Ennius_, as in the familiar passage, _tergemini #vis# Geryonaï_, Lucr., 5, 28. So _#corpore# Turni_, Verg., Aen., 7, 650; Greek, +bia, is, demas, stoma+ (+Anutês stoma+, Anthol. P., 9, 26, 3). On the same principle are based such combinations as _#mens# provida Reguli_, Hor., Od., 3, 5, 13, and _venit et Crispi iucunda #senectus#_. Juv., 4, 81, and _Montani quoque #venter# adest_, l.c. 107. 'Ennius, in his sober moments' (Gifford). --#destertuit#: On the Tense, see G., 563; A., 62, 2, _a_. 'Snored off his being,' i.e., the dream that he was Homer. Ennius's dreams are touched up in Prol., 2, where it has been mentioned that Ennius dreamed that he had seen Homer. For the further visions, see the citations in Vahlen's ed. of Ennius, Ann., v. 15.

11. #Maeonides#: poetic 'flash-name,' like the 'Bard of Avon.' --#Quintus#: 'plain Quintus' (Gifford). The Scholiast fancies that _quintus_ is a numeral, and gives the following order of transmigrations: 1. Pythagoras; 2. A peacock; 3. Euphorbus; 4. Homer. Tertullian gives: 1. Euphorbus; 2. Pythagoras; 3. Homer; 4. A peacock. The pun would be a wretched one, but that is no objection; more serious is the wrong use of the Preposition _ex_ for _ab_. Heinrich combines confidently _Maeonides Quintus_, 'Homer with a Roman _praenomen_.' Conington follows doubtingly. --#pavone#: _Memini me fiere #pavum#_, Enn., Ann., v. 15 (Vahl.). --#Pythagoreo#: 'Since _Pythagoras'_ time that I was an Irish rat,' Shaksp.

12-17. Here I am in happy unconcern, caring naught for vulgar herd or threatened flock. I do not pine because my neighbor waxes fat. Let who will get up in the world; I won't let my hair turn gray for that, nor stint myself, nor poke my nose into the wax of every jar of wine I open to see whether somebody has not been tampering with the seal.

12. #securus#: with Gen., Verg., Aen., 1, 350; 10, 326. --#quid praeparet auster#: Jahn comp. _quid cogitet umidus #auster#_, Verg., Georg., 1, 462; and 444: _arboribusque satisque Notus #pecorique# sinister_.

13. #infelix#: with Dat. Verg., Georg., 2, 239: _tellus_-- _#infelix# frugibus_, quoted by Conington. --#pecori#: as it were, doubly dependent. --#securus et#: The trajection of _et_ (1, 23) gives _securus_ a better position. --#angulus#: as in _O si #angulus# ille | proximus accedat_, Hor., Sat., 2, 6, 8.

14. #pinguior#: Jahn quotes appositely for the thought, _fertilior seges est alienis semper in agris_, Ov., A. A., 1, 349. So Juv., 14, 142: _maiorque videtur | et melior vicina seges_. --#adeo omnes#: The emphasis of _adeo_ may be given by repetition, _all, ay, all_. The supposition is an extreme one, hence the Subjunctive _ditescant_. Notice the harsh elision at this point, which is avoided by smoother writers. Persius has it fourteen times in all-- eight times in this one Satire-- which may be interpreted as an indication of its incompleteness.

15. #peioribus#: Comp. Hor., Ep., 1, 6, 22: _#peioribus# ortus_. The social sense is the more prominent. --#usque# = _ubi-s-que_, 'no matter where or when,' hence 'every where,' and, as here, 'always.'

16. #curvus#: 'bent double.' --#minui#: 'lose flesh' (Conington). --#senio#: before my time. Comp. 1, 26. --#uncto#: synonymous with 'dainty.' Jahn comp. Hor., A. P., 422, and 3, 102; 4, 17.

17. #signum tetigisse#: Only good wines were sealed. The miser not only seals up his vile stuff, but, in his anxious scrutiny into the state of the seal, butts his nose against it-- perhaps with the additional idea of helping the sense of sight with the sense of smell. _Recusem tetigisse_ = _nolim tetigisse_. Comp. note on 1, 91.

18-24. Others may not agree with me in these views. Even twins born under the same star may be widely different. One gives himself a treat only on his birthday, and a poor treat it is. Another devours his substance before he comes of age. I am for enjoyment, but not for waste; for enjoyment, but not for a subtle discernment of the pleasures of the table.

18. #his#: On the Dat., see G., 388, R. 1; A., 51, 2, _g_. _His_ is Neuter. 'These views of mine.' --#geminos#: Comp. Hor., Ep., 2, 2, 183 seqq. --#horoscope#: 'natal star,' 'star of nativity.' Comp. note on 5, 46. --#varo genio#: 'of diverging temper.' _#Varus#_ is often used of distorted, bowed legs, and _varo genio_ is only Persius's way of saying that the dispositions of twins often go apart.

19. #producis#: 'bring forth,' 'give birth to,' 'beget,' Plaut., Rud., 4, 4, 129; Prop., 5, 1, 89 (Conington). Jahn renders it _in lucem edit et educat_, which is more in conformity with general usage and with the notion of control in the star of nativity. --#solis natalibus#: This picture has been much admired. Every word tells. This high-day comes but once a year (_solis_), the cabbage is dry (_sine uncto_), he does not souse it with oil, as Persius does (_ungue, puer, caules_, v. 69), but moistens it (_tingat_) with fish brine (_muria_), which he has bought-- sly fox that he is (_vafer_)-- in a cup (a cupful at a time, to prevent waste), while, with his own hand (_ipse_)-- for he trusts no other-- he dusts (_inrorans_) the platter with the dear, precious pepper, sacred in his eyes (_sacrum_).

20. #muria#: was a cheap sauce, 'made of the _thynnus_, and less delicate than _garum_, made of the _scomber_' (Macleane); hence the point of buying it only as he wanted it-- a small quantity at a time. --#empta#: Both Conington and Pretor direct us to combine _empta_ with _muria_. It can not be combined with any thing else, as _calice_ is rigidly masculine, Neue, _Formenl._, 1, 691.

21. #sacrum#: _Acerbe dictum quia avarus tamquam sacro parcit_ (Jahn). Jahn compares +hals theios+, but has not overlooked the real point, as Mr. Pretor intimates. --#inrorans#: Comp. _instillat_ in a similar description of a miser (Avidienus), in Hor., Sat., 2, 2, 62. --#dente peragit#: 'gobbles up' (Conington). _Peragere_, 'go through,' 'run through.'

22. #magnanimus#: Ironical, like Hor., Ep., 1, 15, 27: _rebus maternis atque paternis | #fortiter# absumptis_. 'High-hearted hero.' --#puer#: while a mere lad. 'Gifford notices the rapidity of the metre, and contrasts it with the slowness of v. 20.' It would have been more to the purpose if he had noticed the mockery of the position, which suspends the sense. 'He-- his property-- with nothing but his teeth-- his vast estate-- heroic being-- runs through-- while nothing but a boy.'

23. #rhombos#: It suffices to refer to Juv., Sat., 4. --#ponere#: 1, 53. For the construction, see Prol., 11.

24. #tenuis--salivas#: 'delicate juices,' 'subtle flavors.' _Saliva_ = _sapor_, as in Plin., H. N., 22, 1, 22: _sua cuique vino #saliva#_, by a natural transfer from the consumer to the consumed; or, as Conington puts it, from effect to cause. See 5, 112. --#sollers nosse#: Prol., 11. --#turdarum#: 'thrushes,' 'fieldfares,' a well-known delicacy, Hor., Sat., 2, 5, 10; Ep., 1, 15, 41. The Scholiast tells us that the feminine is used for the ordinary masculine, because the Brillat-Savarins of the period undertook to tell the sex by the taste. The difference between _turdorum_ and _turdarum_ reminds one of 'calipash' and 'calipee.'

25-33. The true course is to live fully up to your income and trust to the next crop. 'But suppose an extraordinary demand is made on you. Suppose a friend is shipwrecked.' What easier than to sell a piece of land and relieve his wants?

25. #tenus#: here 'fully up to.' Jahn makes _tenus_ an Adverb, compares Verg., Aen., 1, 737: _summo #tenus# attigit ore_, and explains _messe propria vive_ as = _consume fructus agrorum tuorum usque ad finem, quoad suppetunt_. --#propria#: 'Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with _mine own_?'

26. #emole#: to the last grain. --#occa#: Comp. Hor., Ep., 2, 2, 161: _cum segetes #occat# tibi mox frumenta daturas_. --#in herba#: 'in the blade.' Ov., Her., 17, 263: _adhuc tua messis in #herba# est_. Have something of the farmer's hopeful spirit. Comp. the Gr. proverb: +aei geôrgos eis neôta plousios+.

27. #ast#: 2, 39. An impersonal objector speaks. --#officium# = +to kathêkon+, which embraces our charity. The Stoics insisted on +chrêstotês+, without prejudice to +apatheia+. They wanted _benevolentia_ without _misericordia_. See Knickenberg, l.c. p. 90. The poet gets the better of the philosopher in Persius. --#trabe rupta#: Comp. 1, 89. --#Bruttia saxa#: In the toe of the Italian boot.

28. #prendit#: Casaubon comp. _#prensantemque# uncis manibus capita aspera montis_, Verg., Aen., 6, 360 (of Palinurus). --#surdaque vota#: _Surdus_ is 'dull of hearing' and 'dull of sound,' 'deaf,' and, as here, 'unheard,' Comp. +kôphos+, The radical is SVAR, 'heavy;' 'neither his ear _heavy_ that it can not hear.'

29. #Ionio#: sc. _sinu_, if we may judge by Juv., 6, 92: _lateque #sonantem# pertulit #Ionium#_. Gr. +Ionios #kolpos#+. Comp. Thuc., 1, 24 with 6, 30. It is used here in a wide sense, as is shown by _Bruttia saxa_, v. 27. Comp. Serv. ad Aen., 3, 211: _sciendum #Ionium sinum# esse #immensum# ab Ionia usque ad #Siciliam#_. On the translation and construction of _Ionio_, see note on Prol., 1. --#ipse#: the master of the vessel. G., 297, R. 1.

30. #de puppe dii#: Paintings of the gods. Comp. Verg., Aen., 10, 171: _aurato fulgebat #Apolline puppis#_. The gods may have been Castor and Pollux, no unlikely 'sign,' Acts, 28, 11. _Ingentes_ implies the size of the ship and the magnitude of the loss (Jahn). See note on _trabe vasta_, 5, 141. --#obvia mergis#: Jahn comp. Hor., Epod., 10, 21: _opima quod si praeda eurvo litore | porrecta #mergos# iuveris_. Any large sea-bird will answer, such as 'cormorant.'

31. #lacerae#: Conington comp. Ov., Her., 2, 45: _at #laceras# etiam #puppes# furiosa refeci_. --#et#: +kai+, 'if need be.' --#caespite vivo#: Comp. Hor., Od., 1, 19, 13; 3, 8, 4; 'live sod,' 'green turf.' Here landed property is meant, in contrast to the income, represented by the _messis_.

32. #pictus#: See note on 1, 89. 'With his picture' (Conington). --#oberret#: 'go up and down the country.' --#tabula caerulea#: 'a sea-green board,' as might be expected from the subject.

33-41. 'But,' resumes the interlocutor, 'your heir will object to your curtailing your property, and not show you the proper respect when you are dead. You can't expect to diminish your property without scath. And, in fact, you philosophers are very much spoken against on account of the bad example you set, the bad influence you have exerted on the common people.' --Well, what of it? Would you care any thing about what was done to you or said of you after you are dead?

The connection is much disputed.

33. #cenam funeris#: the _epulum funebre_, the 'funeral baked meats' of Hamlet, not the _silicernium_ proper, not the _exigua #feralis cena# patella_ of Juv., 5, 85, the scanty meal left at the funeral pile for the _dis manibus_.

34. #curtaveris#: G., 542; A., 70, 5, _b_. --#urnae#: Do not efface the personal conception (G., 344, R. 3; A., 51, N.) by translating 'put into.' The urn receives; hence _dabit_ = 'commit,' 'consign.'

35. #inodora#: Ov., Trist., 3, 3, 69: _atque ea (= ossa) cum foliis et #amomi# pulvere misce_; Tib., 3, 2, 23 (Jahn). --#seu spirent#: 5, 3. --#cinnama--casiae#: On the Plural, see G., 195, R. 6; A., 14, 1, _a_. --#surdum#: 'faint,' a transfer from hearing to smell. On the construction, see 5, 25.

36. #ceraso#: This passage is our only authority for the fraudulent admixture. Tr., 'whether the cinnamon have lost the fragrance of its breath, or cassia be taken in adulteration with cherry-bark.' --#nescire puratus#: here 'fully resolved,' rather than as in 1, 132.

37. #tune bona incolumis minuas#: In his ed. of 1868 Jahn has followed Sinner's suggestion, and transposed parts of vv. 37 and 41, so as to read _Haec cinere ulterior metuas_ here, and _Tune bona incolumis minuas_ below, as Hermann had done before him, only Hermann puts the words in the mouth, not of the objector, but of Persius. I am unable to see how either arrangement helps us out of the difficulties of the passage. In his ed. of 1843, Jahn makes _tune bona incolumis minuas?_ the language of the heir, who asks angrily, 'Do you expect to diminish your property without suffering for it?' It is rather the language of the objector, who had just told Persius that he would miss a good funeral by curtailing his estate, and who goes on to cite Bestius, as another opponent of this new-fangled philosophy. Persius dismisses this tirade by the single question: 'What would all this be to you or me after we are dead?' This gets rid of Bestius as a new speaker. He is quoted by the objector. Mr. Pretor translates: 'Do you mean to say, Persius, that _you_ would thus break up your property, while hearty and strong, instead of waiting to bequeath it by will on your death-bed?' --#incolumis#: +chairôn+, _impune_. --#et#: Others besides the heir are dissatisfied. --#Bestius#: the _corrector Bestius_ of Hor., Ep., 1, 15, 37, who is quoted here by the opponent of Persius, as inveighing against doctrines that have taught the lower classes to waste their substance on condiments and spoil their wholesome fare, after the pattern of such gentlemen as Persius. Comp. _usque recusem-- cenare sine uncto_, v. 16, and _ungue, puer, caules_, v. 69.

38. #doctores Graios#: Comp. 5, 191. --#Ita fit#: 'That is the way of it.' --#sapere nostrum#: 1, 9. --#urbi#: with _venit_. _Venire_ with the Dat., like the Greek +elthein+, on account of the personal interest involved, 'came' being = 'was brought,' _allatum est_. See Kühner, _A. G._, 2, 351, and Weissenborn on Liv., 32, 6, 4.

39. #cum pipere et palmis#: notoriously foreign productions. Comp. _advectus Romam quo pruna et cottona vento_, Juv., 3, 83. _Palmis_ = 'dates.' --#nostrum hoc#: 'this new wisdom of our day.' --#maris expers#: Hor., Sat., 2, 8, 15: _Chium #maris expers#_. The explanations are by no means convincing. _Maris expers._ (1) Not mixed with salt water, which was supposed to be wholesome, as in Horace, l.c. (2) _insulum_, Heinr., the most simple, 'foolish philosophy,' 'insipid sapience.' (3) Devoid of manliness (Casaubon). Comp. 1, 103, 104, in which case _maris_ would be a pun, as there is an evident Horatian reminiscence. See Introd., xxiii. But the Horatian passage is itself variously interpreted. (4) The rendering, 'innocent of the sea,' i.e., 'home-grown,' is in manifest contradiction to the drift of the passage.

40. #fenisecae#: Type of the rustic laborer. Comp. _fossor_, 5, 122. _Fenisecae_, the plebeian spelling for _faenisecae_, seems more appropriate here. --#crasso unguine#: They can not get a good article, but they are determined to imitate their betters, and so they take a poor one. With _crasso unguine_ comp. 3, 104: _crassis amomis_. --#vitiarunt pultes#: On _vitiarunt_ comp. 2, 65; _puls_ is the national porridge, the _farrata olla_ of 4, 31.

41. #cinere ulterior#: 'when you are the other side of the grave' (comp. 5, 152); +peraiterô koneôs+ (Casaubon).

41-60. Persius turns on his heir: 'Glorious news has come of a great victory. I wish to celebrate it by games-- by largess. Will you forbid it? If you don't want what is left, let it alone. I can get somebody to take it-- some beggar, perhaps, related to me through that son of earth, Adam.'

42. #quisquis eris#: does not so much show 'the indifference of Persius himself' to his successor as the utter lack of real personality in the Satire. See note on 1, 44. --#seductior#: Comp. 2, 4. _Paulum_ with _seductior_. Comp. Petron., 13: _#seduxit# me #paululum# a turba_; and Plaut., Asin., 5, 2, 75; Ter., Eun., 4, 4, 39. The Accusative with the Comparative is rare but sure, Dräger, l.c. § 245, _b_; for examples with _paulum_, Sil., 15, 21; Stat., Theb., 10, 938 (Freund).

43. #o bone#, etc.: The only passage in Persius that deals with the political life of his time, the only passage that has any historic force. A keen observer in his narrow sphere, Persius has hit off very happily the features of this droll triumph of Caligula's. True, he was only seven years old when it took place; but he lost his father when he was six, and yet recalls him vividly, and this parade must have made an abiding impression, whether he saw it or only heard of it. Caligula's German expedition is recounted in Suet., Calig., 43 seqq.: 'He ordered a triumph, which was to be unprecedentedly splendid, and cheap in proportion, as he had a right to the property of his subjects-- changed his mind, forbade any proposal on the subject under capital penalties, abused the senate for doing nothing, and finally entered the city in ovation on his birthday' (Conington). With _o bone_ comp. _heus bone_, 3, 94. --#laurus# = _laureata epistola_, the letter bound with bays, in which victories were announced.

44. #Germanae pubis#: 'flower of the German army' (Pretor), _pubes_ being = +hêlikia+.

45. #aris | frigidus excutitur cinis#: Of course to make room for new sacrifices, but _frigidus_ intimates that the ashes had had time to cool; such occasions were rare. Comp. Apul., Met., 4, 83: _arae viduae #frigido cinere# foedatae_. _Aris_, Dat. _Excutitur_ denotes haste. 'The ashes are hustled off.' --#postibus#: 'for the door-posts' (of temples, palaces, the residence of the _triumphator_, and other buildings). With the Dative comp. Juv., 6, 51: _necte coronam | #postibus#_.

46. #lutea gausapa#: 'yellow wools.' The coarse fabric known as _gausapa_ was used to make yellow wigs for the mock German captives. The light hair of the Germans is a familiar characteristic, and a similar device is recorded of Domitian by Tacitus, Agr., 39 (Jahn). As the captives were actually Gauls, Casaubon understands _gausapa_ of the common Gallic costume.

47. #Caesonia#: the mistress, and, after the birth of a daughter and the divorce of Lollia, the wife of Caligula, Suet., Cal., 25. --#ingentis Rhenos#: Jahn understands statues or pictures of the Rhine, to be carried in procession, referring to the Jordan on the Arch of Titus, and citing Ov., A. A., 1, 223 seqq., for the Euphrates and Tigris. Conington adds Verg., Georg., 3, 28, for the Nile, and considers the Plural _Rhenos_ sarcastic. The more common interpretation regards _Rhenos_ as _Rhenanos_. Suet., l.c. 47, mentions expressly the fact that Caligula picked out the tallest men he could find (_procerissimum quemque_) for the procession.

48. #genioque ducis#: On _genio_, see 2, 3. The genius of the Emperor was publicly worshipped, Ov., Fast., 5, 145. Caligula punished those who did not swear by his genius, Suet., Cal., 27. _Ducis_ is sarcastic. 'So Juv., 4, 145; 7, 21, calls Domitian _dux_, with reference to a similar exploit, a sham triumph with manufactured slaves' (Conington, after Jahn). --#centum paria#: Comp. Hor., Sat., 2, 3, 85: _ni sic fecissent #gladiatorum# dare #centum# | damnati populo #paria# atque epulum_. The number is absurd for any ordinary fortune, and the extravagance of the threat destroys the dramatic effect on the heir.

49. #induco#: The familiar Present for the Future. _Induco, verbum harenae_ (Casaubon). --#aude#: We should say, 'I dare you' (Conington).

50. #oleum#: Largesses of oil by Caesar and Nero are recorded by Suet., Caes., 38, Nero, 12 (Jahn). --#artocreas#: +artokreas+ = _visceratio_, 'bread-meat' for 'bread-and-meat.' Outside of the numerals, such copulative compounds (_dvandva_ in Sanskrit) are rare, and chiefly late. Comp. _suovetaurilia_, +nuchthêmeron+, the famous word of seventy-nine syllables in Ar., Eccl., 1169, and Mod. Gr. +androgunon+, 'man-and-wife.' Some consider _artocreas_ a kind of meat-pasty. --#popello#: 4, 15.

51, 52. #dic clare#: It were very much to be wished that he had. The context seems to require, on the one hand, a motive for the silence of the heir; on the other, a motive for declining the inheritance. The interpretation of _non adeo-- iuxta est_ depends on the meaning of _exossatus_, which is sometimes rendered 'exhausted,' 'impoverished,' 'worn out,' as if 'boneless' and 'marrowless' were the same thing here; sometimes, and with far more probability, 'cleared of stones.' A poetic allusion to the 'bones of Mother Earth,' Ov., Met., 1, 393 seqq. (Schol.), would be out of place, and the common culinary sense of _exossatus_, 'boned,' is in keeping with the homely character of Persius's tropes. _Adeo_ is sometimes considered a Verb, in the sense of _adire hereditatem;_ sometimes an Adverb, and connected now with _prohibeo_ (from _prohibes_), now with _exossatus_; and, finally, some give _exossatus-- est_ to the heir, others to Persius. I subjoin the chief distributions and interpretations:

(1.) _Non adeo_, inquis. Exossatus ager iuxta est. Jahn (1843). (Do you mean to hinder me? Out with it.) 'Not exactly,' you say. Here is a worn-out field hard by. If you won't have it, another will.