# Latin Phrase-Book

## Part 7

Book page: https://www.cyberlibrary.org/la/books/latin-phrase-book-50280/index.md

[1] Not _incultum esse_, which refers only to external appearance.

4. Education—Instruction—School—Profession

_liberaliter, ingenue, bene educari_—to receive a liberal education.

_severa disciplina contineri_—to be brought up under strict discipline.

_aliquem ad humanitatem informare_ or _instituere_—to teach a person refinement.

_mores alicuius corrigere_—to improve a person.

_in viam reducere aliquem_—to bring a person back to the right way.

_in viam redire_—to return to the right way.

_litteras discere ab aliquo_—to be educated by some one.

_institui_ or _erudiri ab aliquo_—to receive instruction from some one.

_disciplina alicuius uti, magistro aliquo uti_—to receive instruction from some one.

_e disciplina alicuius profectum esse_—to be brought up in some one's school.

_puerum alicui erudiendum_ or _in disciplinam tradere_—to entrust a child to the tuition of...

_operam dare_ or simply _se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem_—to become a pupil, disciple of some one.

_multum esse cum aliquo_ (Fam. 16. 21)—to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil).

_ludus (discendi_ or _litterarum_)—an elementary school.

_schola_—a school for higher education.

_scholam frequentare_—to go to a school.

_disciplina (institutio) puerilis_ (not _liberorum_)—the teaching of children.

_pueros elementa (prima) docere_—to teach children the rudiments.

_primis litterarum elementis imbui_—to receive the first elements of a liberal education.

_doctrinae, quibus aetas puerilis impertiri solet_ (Nep. Att. 1. 2)—the usual subjects taught to boys.

_artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet_—the usual subjects taught to boys.

_erudire aliquem artibus, litteris_ (but _erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari_)—to teach some one letters.

_natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum)_—to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it.

_adversante et repugnante natura_ or _invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere_ (Off. 1. 31. 110)—to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain.

_crassa_ or _pingui Minerva_ (proverb.)—with no intelligence or skill.

_calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere_—to spur, urge a person on.

_frenos adhibere alicui_—to restrain some one.

_bona indole_ (always in sing.) _praeditum esse_—to be gifted, talented (not _praeditum esse_ by itself).

_ingenio valere_—to be gifted, talented.

_summo ingenio praeditum esse_—to possess rich mental endowments.

_in aliqua re progressus facere, proficere, progredi_—to make progress in a subject.

_aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re_ (De Or. 1. 33. 152)—to obtain a result in something.

_adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit_ or _alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt_—he is a young man of great promise.

_adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei_—a promising youth.

_magna est exspectatio ingenii tui_—we expect a great deal from a man of your calibre.

_desudare in scholae umbra_ or _umbraculis_[1]—to exert oneself in the schools.

_genus vitae (vivendi)_ or _aetatis degendae deligere_[2]—to choose a career, profession.

_viam vitae ingredi_ (Flacc. 42. 105)—to enter upon a career.

_philosophiam, medicinam profiteri_—to be a philosopher, physician by profession.

_se philosophum, medicum (esse) profiteri_—to be a philosopher, physician by profession.

_qui ista profitentur_—men of that profession.

[1] Cf. _umbra, umbracula (-orum)_, and _umbratilis_ (_vid._ vii. 2, _vita umbratilis_), used of the retired life of a savant as opposed to _sol, lux fori_[TR1] or _forensis_. Cf. De Legg. 3. 6. 14 _Phalereus ille Demetrius mirabiliter doctrinam ex umbraculis eruditorum otioque non modo in solem atque in pulverem sed in ipsum discrimen aciemque produxit._

[2] The _locus classicus_ on the choice of a profession is De Officiis 1. 32. 115-122.

[TR1] Transcriber's Note: the original text indeed has _sol, lux ori_. But that is wrong as can be seen from the French edition using _sol, lux fori_.

5. Example—Pattern—Precedent

_exemplum clarum, praeclarum_—a good,[1] brilliant example; a striking example.

_exemplum luculentum_—a good, brilliant example; a striking example.

_exemplum illustre_—a good, brilliant example; a striking example.

_exemplum magnum, grande_—a weighty example, precedent.

_exemplum afferre_—to quote an example.

_exemplo uti_—to quote an example.

_aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa_[2] _ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare_—to cite a person or a thing as an example.

_aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare_—to quote precedents for a thing.

_aliquid exemplis ostendere_—to demonstrate by instances.

_exempla petere, repetere a rerum gestarum memoria_ or _historiarum (annalium, rerum gestarum) monumentis_—to borrow instances from history.

_exempla a rerum Romanarum (Graecarum) memoria petita_—examples taken from Roman (Greek) history.

_multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere_—to collect, accumulate instances.

_ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)_—to choose one from a large number of instances.

_a Socrate exemplum virtutis petere, repetere_—to quote Socrates as a model of virtue.

_similitudines afferre_—to cite parallel cases.

_auctore aliquo uti ad aliquid_—to have as authority for a thing.

_auctorem aliquem habere alicuius rei_—to have as authority for a thing.

_auctoritatem alicuius sequi_—to be guided by another's example.

_auctoritas et exemplum_ (Balb. 13. 31)—standard and pattern.

_sibi exemplum alicuius proponere ad imitandum_ or simply _sibi aliquem ad imitandum proponere_—to set up some one as one's ideal, model.

_sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo_ or _exemplum capere de aliquo_—to take a lesson from some one's example.

_ad exemplum alicuius se conformare_—to shape one's conduct after another's model.

_exemplum edere, prodere_—to set an example.

_exemplo esse_—to set an example.

_exemplum in aliquo_ or _in aliquem statuere_—to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one.

_exemplum (severitatis) edere in aliquo_ (Q. Fr. 1. 2. 2. 5)—to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one.

_bene (male) praecipere alicui_—to inculcate good (bad) principles.

_praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re_—to give advice, directions, about a matter.

_ad praecipiendi rationem delābi_ (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 6. 18)—to adopt a didactic tone.

_aliquid in animo haeret, penitus insedit_ or _infixum est_—a thing is deeply impressed on the mind.

_aliquid animo mentique penitus mandare_ (Catil. 1. 11. 27)—to impress a thing on one's memory, mind.

_demittere aliquid in pectus_ or _in pectus animumque suum_—to take a thing to heart.

_hoc verbum alte descendit in pectus alicuius_—what he said made a deep impression on...

[1] Not _bonum exemplum_, which means an example morally good for us to follow.

[2] "For example" must not be translated by _exempli causa_, which is only used in complete sentences with such verbs as _ponere, afferre, proferre, nominare_. _verbi causa (gratia)_ = "for instance," "we will say," usually refers to a single expression, e.g. _quid dicis igitur? miserum fuisse verbi causa M. Crassum?_ (Tusc. 1. 4. 12). Often examples are introduced by such words as _ut, velut, in his_, etc., e.g. _bestiae quae gignuntur in terra, veluti crocodili_ (N. D. 2. 48. 124).

6. Philosophy

_se conferre ad philosophiam, ad philosophiae_ or _sapientiae studium_ (Fam. 4. 3. 4)—to devote oneself to philosophy.

_animum appellere_ or _se applicare ad philosophiam_—to apply oneself to the study of philosophy.

_philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri_ (Acad. 1. 2. 4)—to be enamoured of philosophy.

_in portum philosophiae confugere_—to take refuge in philosophy.

_in sinum philosophiae compelli_—to be driven into the arms of philosophy.

_philosophia (neglecta) iacet_ (_vid._ sect. VII. 1, note _iacēre..._)—philosophy is neglected, at low ebb.

_philosophiam latinis litteris illustrare_ (Acad. 1. 1. 3)—to write expositions of philosophy in Latin.

_Ciceronis de philosophia libri_—Cicero's philosophical writings.

_decreta, inventa philosophorum_—the tenets, dogmas of philosophers.

_quae in philosophia tractantur_—philosophical subjects.

_praecepta philosophorum (penitus) percepta habere_—to be well acquainted with the views of philosophers.

_illae sententiae evanuerunt_—those views are out of date.

_illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt_ (Fin. 5. 8. 23)—those ideas have long ago been given up.

_schola, disciplina, familia; secta_—a sect, school of thought.

_sectam alicuius sequi_ (Brut. 31. 120)—to be a follower, disciple of some one.

_disciplinam alicuius profiteri_—to be a follower, disciple of some one.

_qui sunt a Platone_ or _a Platonis disciplina; qui profecti sunt a Platone; Platonici_—disciples of Plato, Platonists.

_Solo, unus de septem (illis)_—Solon, one of the seven sages.

_Pythagorae doctrina longe lateque fluxit_ (Tusc. 4. 1. 2)—Pythagoras' principles were widely propagated.

_scholas habere, explicare_ (Fin. 2. 1. 1)—to give lectures.

_scholis interesse_—to attend lectures.

_tradere (aliquid de aliqua re)_—to teach

_audire Platonem, auditorem esse Platonis_—to attend Plato's lectures.

7. The Parts of Philosophy

_physica_[1] (_-orum_) (Or. 34. 119); _philosophia naturalis_—physics; natural philosophy.

_dialectica_ (_-ae_ or _-orum_) (pure Latin _disserendi ratio et scientia_)—logic, dialectic.

_disserendi praecepta tradere_—to teach logic.

_disserendi elegantia_—logical minuteness, precision.

_disserendi subtilitas_ (De Or. 1. 1. 68)—dialectical nicety.

_disserendi spinae_ (Fin. 4. 28. 79)—subtleties of logic; dilemmas.

_disserendi peritus et artifex_—an accomplished dialectician.

_homo in dialecticis versatissimus_—an accomplished dialectician.

_disserendi artem nullam habere_—to know nothing of logic.

_dialecticis ne imbutum_[2] _quidem esse_—to be ignorant of even the elements of logic.

_ratione, eleganter_ (opp. _nulla ratione, ineleganter, confuse_) _disponere aliquid_—to arrange on strictly logical principles.

_philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus_ (Acad. 1. 5. 19)—moral science; ethics.

_philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur_—moral science; ethics.

_philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur_, or _quae artis praeceptis continetur_—theoretical, speculative philosophy.

_philosophia,_[3] _quae in actione versatur_—practical philosophy.

_omnes philosophiae loci_—the whole domain of philosophy.

[1] Cf. Acad. 1. 5. 19 _philosophandi ratio triplex; una de vita et moribus, altera de natura et rebus occultis, tertia de disserendo_.

[2] _imbuere_ is properly to give the first touch to, tinge, bathe, e.g. _gladii sanguine imbuti_. Metaph. it = (1) to fill with, e.g. _religione, pietate, superstitione, crudelitate_; (2) to teach, initiate, e.g. _animum honestis artibus_, and is used especially of a superficial knowledge.

[3] Cf. Sen. Ep. 25. 10 _philosophia activa_.

8. System—Method—Principles

_ratio; disciplina, ratio et disciplina; ars_—system.

_ad artem redigere aliquid_—to systematise.

_ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid_ (De Or. 1. 41)—to systematise.

_arte conclusum esse_—to have been reduced to a system.

_ratio et doctrina_—systematic, methodical knowledge.

_artificio et via tradere aliquid_—to give a scientific explanation of a thing.

_artificiose redigere aliquid_—to treat with scientific exactness; to classify.

_ad rationis praecepta accommodare aliquid_—to treat with scientific exactness; to classify.

_totam rationem evertere_ (pass. _iacet tota ratio_)—to upset the whole system.

_ratione et via, via et ratione progredi, disputare_ (Or. 33. 116)—to proceed, carry on a discussion logically.

_novam rationem ingredi_—to enter on a new method.

_a certa ratione proficisci_—to be based on a sound principle.

_a falsis principiis proficisci_—to start from false premises.

_ad philosophorum_ or _philosophandi rationes revocare aliquid_—to deal with a subject on scientific principles.

_perpetuitas et constantia_ (Tusc. 5. 10. 31)—logical consistency.

9. Species—Definition—Classification—Connection

_partes_[1] _generibus subiectae sunt_—the species is subordinate the genus.

_genus universum in species certas partiri et dividere_ (Or. 33. 117)—to analyse a general division into its specific parts.

_genere, non numero_ or _magnitudine differre_—to differ qualitatively not quantitatively.

_spinae partiendi et definiendi_ (Tusc. 5. 8. 22)—minute, captious subdivisions and definitions.

_rem (res) definire_—to define a thing.

_a definitione proficisci_—to start from a definition.

_involutae rei notitiam definiendo aperire_ (Or. 33. 116)—to make an obscure notion clear by means of definition.

_sub metum subiectum esse_—to be comprised under the term "fear."

_constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur_—to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion.

_in ordinem redigere aliquid_—to systematise, classify a thing.

_conexum et aptum esse inter se_—to be closely connected with each other.

_cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re_—to be closely connected with a thing.

_arte (artissime) coniunctum esse_—to be very intimately related.

_apte (aptissime) cohaerere_—to be very intimately related.

_continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint_ (N. D. 1. 4. 9)—systematic succession, concatenation.

_diffusum, dissipatum esse_—to have no coherence, connection.

_confusum, perturbatum esse_—to be confused.

_rem dissolutam conglutinare, coagmentare_—to reunite disconnected elements.

[1] Cf. Cic. De Or. 1. 42 for the definition. _GENUS autem id est, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes. PARTES autem sunt, quae generibus eis ex quibus manant subiciuntur; omniaque quae sunt vel generum vel partium nomina, definitionibus, quam vim habeant, est exprimendum. est enim DEFINITIO rerum earum, quae sunt eius rei propriae, quam definire volumus, brevis et circumscripta quaedam explicatio._

10. Proof—Refutation

_argumentum_[1] _firmum, magnum_—a strong, striking proof.

_argumentum afferre_—to bring forward a proof.

_argumentum immortalitatis afferre_ (not _pro_)—to quote an argument in favour of immortality.

_argumentum afferre, quo animos immortales esse demonstratur_—to bring forward a proof of the immortality of the soul.

_argumento huic rei est, quod_—a proof of this is that...

_aliquid planum facere_ (Ad Herenn. 2. 5)—to demonstrate, make a thing clear.

_aliquid alicui probare_ (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)—to prove one's point to a person's satisfaction.

_argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid_ (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)—to prove a thing indisputably.

_argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re_ or _petere ab aliqua re_—to derive an argument from a thing.

_argumentum premere_ (not _urgere_)—to persist in an argument, press a point.

_loci (τόποι) argumentorum_ (De Or. 2. 162)—the points on which proofs are based; the grounds of proof.

_argumenta refellere, confutare_—to refute arguments.

_rationem_[2] _afferre_ (Verr. 3. 85. 195)—to bring forward an argument (based on common-sense).

[1] _argumentum_ = a proof resting on facts; _ratio_ = an argument drawn from the general reasonableness of the proposition.

[2] _argumentum_ = a proof resting on facts; _ratio_ = an argument drawn from the general reasonableness of the proposition.

11. Conclusion—Hypothesis—Inference

_concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re_—to draw a conclusion from a thing.

_acute, subtiliter concludere_—to draw a subtle inference.

_ratio_ or _rationis conclusio efficit_—the conclusion proves that...

_ratiocinatio, ratio_—the syllogism; reasoning.

_prima_[1] (_superiora_); _consequentia_ (Fin. 4. 19. 54)—premises; consequences.

_conclusiuncula fallax_ or _captio_—a fallacious argument; sophism.

_positum est a nobis primum_ (c. Acc. c. Inf.)—we start by presupposing that...

_hoc posito_—on this supposition, hypothesis.

_hoc probato consequens est_—it follows from what we have shown.

_sequitur_ (not _ex quo seq._) _ut_—it follows from this that...

_ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut_—it follows from this that...

[1] In a syllogism the technical term for the major premise is _propositio_ or _propositio major_; for the minor, _propositio minor_; for the conclusion, _conclusio_.

12. Debate—Controversy

_disputatio, quaestio_—systematic, scientific discussion.

_disputare_[1] (_de aliqua re, ad aliquid_)—to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically.

_subtiliter disputare_—to thoroughly discuss.

_in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare_ (De Or. 1. 34)—to discuss both sides of a question.

_in nullam partem disputare_—to say nothing either for or against an argument.

_non repugno_—I have nothing to say against it.

_pertinacem_ (opp. _clementem_) _esse in disputando_—to be dogmatic; positive.

_opponere alicui aliquid_—to object, to adduce in contradiction.

_dare, concedere aliquid_—to grant, admit a thing.

_sumere_ (opp. _reicere_) _aliquid_—to assume a thing.

_tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re_—to insist on a point.

_obtinere aliquid_—to maintain one's assertion, prove oneself right.

_in controversia (contentione) esse, versari_—to be at variance with.

_in controversiam cadere_—to be at variance with.

_in controversiam vocare, adducere aliquid_—to make a thing the subject of controversy.

_in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire_ (De Or. 2. 72. 291)—to be contested, become the subject of debate.

_in controversia relinquere aliquid_—to leave a point undecided.

_controversiam (contentionem) habere cum aliquo_—to maintain a controversy with some one.

_in contentione ponitur, utrum...an_—it is a debated point whether... or...

_id, de quo agitur_ or _id quod cadit in controversiam_—the point at issue.

_controversiam sedare, dirimere, componere, tollere_—to put an end to, settle a dispute.

_controversiam diiudicare_—to decide a debated question.

_transigere aliquid cum aliquo_—to come to an understanding with a person.

_res mihi tecum est_—I have a point to discuss with you.

_sine (ulla) controversia_—indisputably; incontestably.

_hoc est a (pro) me_—this goes to prove what I say.

_res ipsa docet_—the very facts of the case show this.

_res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur_—the matter speaks for itself.

_res confecta est_—the question is settled, finished.

[1] _disputare_ = to discuss, considering the arguments _pro_ and _con_, used of a number of people with different opinions. _disserere de aliqua re_ = to discourse on a matter for the benefit of those present; but in both cases the substantive is _disputatio_.

13. Agreement—Contradiction

_consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo_—to agree with a person.

_dissentire, dissidere ab_ or _cum aliquo_—to disagree with a person.

_omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt_—all agree on this point.

_una et consentiens vox est_—all are unanimous.

_una voce; uno ore_—unanimously.

_uno, communi, summo_ or _omnium consensu_ (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)—unanimously.

_re concinere, verbis discrepare_—to agree in fact but not in word.

_hoc convēnit inter nos_—we have agreed on this point.

_hoc mihi tecum convēnit_ (Att. 6. 1. 14)—I agree with you there.

_quī convenit?_—how is this consistent? how are we to reconcile this...?

_summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio_ (opp. _dissensio_)—the learned men are most unanimous in...

_constantia_ (opp. _inconstantia_) (Tusc. 5. 11. 32)—consistency.

_inter se pugnare_ or _repugnare_—to be mutually contradictory.

_secum pugnare_ (without _sibi_); _sibi repugnare_ (of things)—to contradict oneself, be inconsistent.

_a se dissidere_ or _sibi non constare_ (of persons)—to contradict oneself, be inconsistent.

_pugnantia loqui_ (Tusc. 1. 7. 13)—to make contradictory, inconsistent statements.

_dicere contra aliquem_ or _aliquid_ (not _contradicere alicui_)—to contradict some one.

14. Particular Sciences (History—Mythology—Chronology—Geography—Mathematics—Natural Science—Astronomy)

_res Romanae_[1]—Roman history (_i.e._ the events in it).

_res gestae Romanorum_—Roman history (_i.e._ the events in it).

_historia_—history (as a science).

_historia Romana_[2] or _rerum Romanarum historia_—Roman history (_i.e._ the exposition, representation of it by writers).

_memoria rerum Romanarum_—Roman history (as tradition).

_historiam (-as) scribere_—to write a history.

_res populi Romani perscribere_—to write a history of Rome.

_rerum scriptor_[3]—an historian.

_rerum auctor_ (as authority)—an historian.

_evolvere historias, litterarum (veterum annalium) monumenta_—to study historical records, read history.

_memoriae traditum est, memoriae (memoria) proditum est_ (without _nobis_)—tradition, history tells us.

_tradunt, dicunt, ferunt_—they say; it is commonly said.

_accepimus_[4]—we know; we have been told.

_historiae prodiderunt_ (without _nobis_)—history has handed down to us.

_apud rerum scriptores scriptum videmus, scriptum est_—we read in history.

_duplex est memoria de aliqua re_—a twofold tradition prevails on this subject.

_rerum veterum memoria_—ancient history.

_memoria vetus_ (Or. 34. 120)—ancient history.

_veterum annales_—ancient history.

_veterum annalium monumenta_—ancient history.

_antiquitatis memoria_—ancient history.

_recentioris aetatis memoria_—modern history.

_memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)_—the history of our own times; contemporary history.

_nostra memoria_ (Cael. 18. 43)—the history of our own times; contemporary history.

_omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum_ or _omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria_—universal history.

_memoriam annalium_ or _temporum replicare_—to consult history.

_aetas heroica_[5] (Tusc. 5. 3. 7)—the mythical period, the heroic age.

_tempora heroica_ (N. D. 3. 21. 54)—the mythical period, the heroic age.

_fabulae, historia fabularis_—mythology.

_repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus_—to go back to the remote ages.

_ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus_—to pass from myth to history.

_historicorum fide contestata memoria_—historic times.

_historiae, rerum fides_—historic truth.

_narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae_—to give a veracious and historic account of a thing.

_res historiae fide comprobata_—an acknowledged historical fact.

_incorrupta rerum fides_—genuine historical truth.

_ad historiam (scribendam) se conferre_ or _se applicare_—to devote oneself to writing history.

_homo in historia diligens_—a conscientious historian.

_memoriam rerum gestarum (rerum Romanarum) tenere_—to be well versed in Roman history.

_domestica (externa) nosse_—to be acquainted with the history of one's own land.

_temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo_—chronology.

_temporum ordinem servare_—to observe the chronological order of events.

_servare et notare tempora_—to observe the chronological order of events.

_res temporum ordine servato narrare_—to narrate events in the order of their occurrence.

_temporibus errare_ (Phil. 2. 9. 23)—to make a chronological mistake.

_ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare_—to calculate the date of an event.

_diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus_—to be exact in calculating dates.

_terrarum_ or _regionum descriptio (geographia)_—geography.

_Africae situm paucis exponere_—to give a brief exposition of the geography of Africa.

_regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia_—geographical knowledge.

_mathematica (-ae)_ or _geometria (-ae)_, _geometrica (-orum)_ (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)—mathematics.

_mathematicorum ratione concludere aliquid_—to draw a mathematical conclusion.

_formas_ (not _figuras_) _geometricas describere_—to draw geometrical figures.

_se conferre ad naturae investigationem_—to devote oneself to the study of a natural science.