Part 5
_iussa_ (usually only in plur.), _imperata facere_—to carry out orders
16. Friendship—Enmity—Reconciliation (cf. xii. 8)
_amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere_—to form a friendship with any one.
_amicitiam colere_—to keep up, foster a connection.
_uti aliquo amico_—to be friendly with any one.
_est_ or _intercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia_—I am on good terms with a person.
_sunt_ or _intercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae_[1]—I am on bad terms with a person.
_uti aliquo familiariter_—to be on very intimate terms with...
_artissimo amicitiae vinculo_ or _summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse_—to be bound by the closest ties of friendship.
_vetustate amicitiae coniunctum esse_—to be very old friends.
_amicitiam alicuius appetere_—to court a person's friendship.
_in amicitiam alicuius recipi_—to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.
_ad alicuius amicitiam se conferre, se applicare_—to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.
_aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere_—to admit another into the circle of one's intimates.
_amicitiam renuntiare_—to renounce, give up a friendship.
_amicitiam dissuere, dissolvere, praecīdere_—to renounce, give up a friendship.
_amicissimus meus_ or _mihi_—my best friend.
_homo intimus, familiarissimus mihi_—my most intimate acquaintance.
_inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo_—to be at enmity with a man.
_inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere_—to make a person one's enemy.
_inimicitias deponere_—to lay aside one's differences.
_aequi iniqui_—friend and foe.
_placare aliquem alicui_ or _in aliquem_—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
_reconciliare alicuius animum_ or simply _aliquem alicui_—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
_in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere_—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
_in gratiam cum aliquo redire_—to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.
_sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliare_ or _reconciliari alicui_—to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.
[1] The singular _inimicitia_ is only used to express the abstract idea "enmity".
17. Authority—Dignity (cf. xiv. 3)
_magna auctoritate esse_—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
_auctoritate valere_ or _florere_—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
_magna auctoritas est in aliquo_—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
_multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem_—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
_magna auctoritas alicuius est apud aliquem_—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
_alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem_—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
_auctoritatem_ or _dignitatem sibi conciliare, parare_—to gain dignity; to make oneself a person of consequence.
_ad summam auctoritatem pervenire_—to attain to the highest eminence.
_auctoritatem alicuius amplificare_ (opp. _imminuere, minuere_)—to increase a person's dignity.
_auctoritati, dignitati alicuius illudere_—to insult a person's dignity.
_dignitas est summa in aliquo_—to be in a dignified position.
_summa dignitate praeditum esse_—to be in a dignified position.
_aliquid alienum (a) dignitate sua_ or merely _a se ducere_—to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.
_aliquid infra se ducere_ or _infra se positum arbitrari_—to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.
18. Praise—Approval—Blame—Reproach
_laudem tribuere, impertire alicui_—to praise, extol, commend a person.
_laude afficere aliquem_—to praise, extol, commend a person.
_(maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem_ or _aliquid_—to praise, extol, commend a person.
_eximia laude ornare aliquem_—to praise, extol, commend a person.
_omni laude cumulare aliquem_—to overwhelm with eulogy.
_laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere_—to extol, laud to the skies.
_alicuius laudes praedicare_—to spread a person's praises.
_aliquem beatum praedicare_—to consider happy.
_omnium undique laudem colligere_—to win golden opinions from every one.
_maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci_—to win golden opinions from every one.
_aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare_—to consider a thing creditable to a man.
_aliquem coram, in os_ or _praesentem laudare_—to praise a man to his face.
_recte, bene fecisti quod..._—you were right in...; you did right to...
_res mihi probatur_—a thing meets with my approval.
_res a me probatur_—I express my approval of a thing.
_hoc in te reprehendo_ (not _ob eam rem_)—I blame this in you; I censure you for this.
_vituperationem subire_—to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.
_in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire_—to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.
_exprobrare alicui aliquid_—to reproach a person with...
_aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere_—to reproach a person with...
_conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re_—to expostulate with a person about a thing.
19. Rumour—Gossip—News—Mention
_rumor, fama, sermo est_ or _manat_—report says; people say.
_rumor, fama viget_—a rumour is prevalent.
_fama serpit (per urbem)_—a report is spreading imperceptibly.
_rumor increbrescit_—a report, an impression is gaining ground.
_rumorem spargere_—to spread a rumour.
_famam dissipare_—to spread a rumour.
_dubii rumores afferuntur ad nos_—vague rumours reach us.
_auditione et fama accepisse aliquid_—to know from hearsay.
_fando aliquid audivisse_—to know from hearsay.
_ex eo audivi, cum diceret_—I heard him say...
_vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est_—every one says.
_in ore omnium_ or _omnibus_ (_hominum_ or _hominibus_, but only _mihi, tibi_, etc.) _esse_—to be in every one's mouth.
_per omnium ora ferri_—to be in every one's mouth.
_in ore habere aliquid_ (Fam. 6. 18. 5)—to harp on a thing, be always talking of it.
_efferre_ or _edere aliquid in vulgus_—to divulge, make public.
_foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare_—to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things).
_in sermonem hominum venire_—to be a subject for gossip.
_in ora vulgi abire_—to be a subject for gossip.
_fabulam fieri_—to be the talk of the town, a scandal.
_nuntio allato_ or _accepto_—on receiving the news.
_Romam nuntiatum est, allatum est_—news reached Rome.
_certiorem facere aliquem_ (_alicuius rei_ or _de aliqua re_)—to inform a person.
_mentionem facere alicuius rei_ or _de aliqua re_[1]—to mention a thing.
_mentionem inicere de aliqua re_ or Acc. c. Inf.—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
_in mentionem alicuius rei incidere_—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
_mentio alicuius rei incidit_—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
[1] Not _commemorare_, the fundamental meaning of which is "to make a person mindful of...," and implies an emphatic reference to a definite point.
20. Fame—Reputation
_gloriam, famam sibi comparare_—to gain distinction.
_gloriam (immortalem) consequi, adipisci_—to win (undying) fame.
_gloriae, laudi esse_—to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
_laudem afferre_—to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
_gloria, laude florere_—to be very famous, illustrious.
_summa gloria florere_—to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence.
_clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari_ (not the post-classical _clarescere_ or _inclarescere_—to become famous, distinguish oneself.
_gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire_—to become famous, distinguish oneself.
_aliquem immortali gloria afficere_—to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
_aliquem sempiternae gloriae commendare_—to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
_immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere_—to attain eternal renown.
_gloria duci_—to be guided by ambition.
_laudis studio trahi_—to be guided by ambition.
_laudem, gloriam quaerere_—to be guided by ambition.
_stimulis gloriae concitari_—to be spurred on by ambition.
_gloriae, laudis cupiditate incensum esse, flagrare_—to be consumed by the fires of ambition.
_de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere_—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
_alicuius gloriae_ or simply _alicui obtrectare_—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
_alicuius famam, laudem imminuere_—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
_obscurare alicuius gloriam, laudem, famam_[1] (not _obscurare aliquem_)—to render obscure, eclipse a person.
_famae servire, consulere_—to have regard for one's good name.
_famam ante collectam tueri, conservare_—to live up to one's reputation.
_bene, male audire (ab aliquo)_—to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
_bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo_—to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
_famam crudelitatis subire_ (Catil. 4. 6. 12)—to gain the reputation of cruelty.
_infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere_—to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
_infamem facere aliquem_—to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
_magnam sui famam relinquere_—to leave a great reputation behind one.
_opinionem virtutis habere_—to have the reputation of virtue.
_existimatio_[2] _hominum, omnium_—the common opinion, the general idea.
[1] In the same way, to improve a man, _alicuius mores corrigere_ (not _aliquem c._); to understand some one, _alicuius orationem_ or _quid dicat intellegere_.
[2] _existimatio_ has two uses: (1) active—opinion held by others, criticism; (2) passive—reputation, character, usually in a good sense, consequently = good reputation without the addition of _bona, integra_, etc.
21. Honour—Disgrace—Ignominy
_esse in honore apud aliquem_—to be honoured, esteemed by some one.
_honorem alicui habere, tribuere_—to honour, show respect for, a person.
_aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 11., note _Prosequi..._)—to honour, show respect for, a person.
_aliquem cupiditate honorum inflammare_ (or _aliquem ad cupiditatem honorum inflammare_)—to kindle ambition in some one's mind.
_honores concupiscere_ (opp. _aspernari_)—to aspire to dignity, high honours.
_honoris causa aliquem nominare_ or _appellare_—to speak of some one respectfully.
_statuam alicui ponere, constituere_—to set up a statue in some one's honour.
_aliquem colere et observare_ (Att. 2. 19)—to pay respect to, be courteous to a person.
_aliquem ignominia afficere, notare_—to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.
_alicui ignominiam inurere_—to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.
_infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare_—to incur ignominy.
_vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere_—to sully one's fair fame.
_notam turpitudinis alicui_ or _vitae alicuius inurere_—to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour.
_ignominiam non ferre_—to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it.
_maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere_—to blot out a reproach.
22. Effort—Industry—Labour—Exertion
_studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut..._—to take great pains in order to...
_egregiam operam_ (_multum, plus_ etc. _operae_) _dare alicui rei_—to expend great labour on a thing.
_operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre_—to expend great labour on a thing.
_operam (laborem, curam) in_ or _ad aliquid impendere_—to expend great labour on a thing.
_multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re_—to exert oneself very energetically in a matter.
_studium, industriam_ (not _diligentiam_) _collocare, ponere in aliqua re_—to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing.
_incumbere in (ad) aliquid_—to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing.
_opus_[1] _facere_ (De Senect. 7. 24)—to do work (especially agricultural).
_opus aggredi_—to take a task in hand, engage upon it.
_ad opus faciendum accedere_—to take a task in hand, engage upon it.
_res est multi laboris et sudoris_—the matter involves much labour and fatigue.
_desudare et elaborare in aliqua re_ (De Senect. 11. 38)—to exert oneself very considerably in a matter.
_labori, operae non parcere_—to spare no pains.
_laborem non intermittere_—to work without intermission.
_nullum tempus a labore intermittere_—not to leave off work for an instant.
_lucubrare_ (Liv. 1. 57)—to work by night, burn the midnight oil.
_inanem laborem suscipere_—to lose one's labour.
_operam (et oleum) perdere_ or _frustra consumere_—to lose one's labour.
_rem actam_ or simply _actum agere_ (proverb.)—to have all one's trouble for nothing.
_labore supersedēre (itineris)_ (Fam. 4. 2. 4)—to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage.
_patiens laboris_—capable of exertion.
_fugiens laboris_—lazy.
_operae pretium est_ (c. Inf.)—it is worth while.
_acti labores iucundi_ (proverb.)—rest after toil is sweet.
_contentionem adhibere_—to exert oneself.
_omnes nervos_[2] _in aliqua re contendere_—to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
_omnibus viribus_or _nervis contendere, ut_—to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
_omni ope atque opera_ or _omni virium contentione eniti, ut_—to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
_contendere et laborare, ut_—to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
_pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut_—to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
[1] _opus_ always means the concrete work on which one is engaged; _labor_ is the trouble, fatigue, resulting from effort; _opera_ is the voluntary effort, the trouble spent on an object. Thus _laborare_ = not simply to work, but to work energetically, with exertion and consequent fatigue; _operari_, to be busy with a thing. Terence thus distinguishes _opus_ and _opera_: _quod in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae_. Cf. Verg. Aen. 1. 455 _operumque laborem miratur_ = the trouble with such huge works must have cost.
[2] _nervi_ properly = sinews, muscles, not nerves the existence of which was unknown to the ancients. Metaphorically _nervi_ denotes not only strength in general but also specially—(1) vital power, elasticity, e.g. _omnes nervos virtutis elidere_ (Tusc. 2. 11. 27), _incīdere_, to paralyse the strength of virtue; (2) motive power, mainspring, essence, of a thing, e.g. _vectigalia nervi rei publicae sunt_ (Imp. Pomp. 7. 17), _nervi belli pecunia_ (Phil. 5. 2. 15).
23. Business—Leisure—Inactivity—Idleness
_negotium suscipere_—to undertake an affair.
_negotium obire, exsequi_—to execute, manage a business, undertaking.
_negotium conficere, expedire, transigere_—to arrange, settle a matter.
_negotia agere, gerere_—to be occupied with business, busy.
_multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse_—to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims.
_negotiis vacare_—to be free from business.
_occupatum esse in aliqua re_—to be engaged upon a matter.
_intentum esse alicui rei_—to be engaged upon a matter.
_negotium alicui facessere_ (Fam. 3. 10. 1)—to give a person trouble, inconvenience him.
_magnum negotium est_ c. Inf.—it is a great undertaking to...
_nullo negotio_—without any trouble.
_otiosum esse_—to be at leisure.
_in otio esse_ or _vivere_—to be at leisure.
_otium habere_—to be at leisure.
_otio frui_—to be at leisure.
_otio abundare_—to have abundance of leisure.
_otium sequi, amplexari_—to be a lover of ease, leisure.
_otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re_—to spend one's leisure hours on an object.
_otio abūti_[1] or _otium ad suum usum transferre_—to use up, make full use of one's spare time.
_(in) otio languere et hebescere_—to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate.
_otio diffluere_—to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate.
_desidiae et languori se dedere_—to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy.
_ignaviae_[2] _et socordiae se dare_—to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy.
_per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere_—to pass one's life in luxury and idleness.
[1] _abuti_ properly = to consume, make full use of. From this is developed the rarer meaning to use in excess, abuse = _perverse, intemperanter, immoderate uti_. Abuse, misuse = _pravus usus, vitium male utentium, insolens mos_. _abusus_ is only found in the Jurists, and _abusio_ is a technical term of rhetoric = _κατάχρησις_.
[2] The original meaning of _ignavia_ (_in-gnavus_, cf. _navus, navare_) is not cowardice but laziness.
24. Pleasure—Recreation
_voluptatem ex aliqua re capere_ or _percipere_—to derive pleasure from a thing.
_voluptate perfundi_—to revel in pleasure, be blissfully happy.
_voluptatibus frui_—to take one's fill of enjoyment.
_voluptates haurire_—to take one's fill of enjoyment.
_se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere_—to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure.
_homo voluptarius_ (Tusc. 2. 7. 18)—a devotee of pleasure; a self-indulgent man.
_voluptatis illecebris deleniri_—to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure.
_voluptatis blanditiis corrumpi_—to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure.
_in voluptates se mergere_—to plunge into a life of pleasure.
_animum a voluptate sevocare_—to hold aloof from all amusement.
_voluptates (corporis)_—sensual pleasure.
_voluptatis_ or _animi causa_ (B. G. 5. 12)—for one's own diversion; to satisfy a whim.
_deliciis diffluere_—to wanton in the pleasures of sense.
_animum relaxare, reficere, recreare_ or simply _se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)_—to recruit oneself, seek relaxation.
_animum_ or simply _se remittere_—to indulge oneself.
_animo_ or simply _sibi indulgere_—to indulge oneself.
VI. The Mind; its Functions
1. Genius—Talent—Intelligence
_magno animo esse_—to be magnanimous, broad-minded.
_animum attendere ad aliquid_—to turn one's attention to a thing.
_diligenter attendere (aliquid)_—to attend carefully.
_alias res_ or _aliud agere_—to be inattentive.
_animo adesse_[1]—(1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind.
_vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus_—a man of ability.
_vir magno ingenio praeditus_—a man of ability.
_ingenio valere_—to be talented, gifted.
_ingenio abundare_—to be very talented.
_natura et ingenium_—natural gifts.
_ingenium acuere_—to sharpen the wits.
_ingenii acumen_—penetration; sagacity.
_ingenii tarditas_ (opp. _celeritas_)—dulness of intellect.
_ingenii infirmitas_ or _imbecillitas_—weakmindedness.
_mentis compotem esse_—to be of sane mind.
_mente captum esse, mente alienata esse_—to be out of one's mind.
_sanae mentis esse_—to be of sound mind.
_mentis quasi luminibus officere_ (_vid._ sect. XIII. 6) or _animo caliginem offundere_—to obscure the mental vision.
_intellegentia_ or _mente multum valere_[2]—to possess great ability.
_ad intellegentiam communem_ or _popularem accommodare aliquid_—to accommodate something to the standard of the popular intelligence.
[1] For the second meaning cf. Cicero, _ades animo et omitte timorem, Scipio_.
[2] _captus_, in the meaning ability, capacity, only occurs in the phrase _ut captus est servorum_; while _capacitas_ merely means capacity, content, e.g. _vasorum_.
2. Imagination—Thought
_animo, cogitatione aliquid fingere_ (or simply _fingere_, but without _sibi_), _informare_—to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive.
_animo concipere aliquid_—to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive.
_animo, cogitatione aliquid praecipere_ (Off 1. 23. 81)—to form a conception of a thing beforehand.
_cogitatione sibi aliquid depingere_—to picture to oneself.
_ingenium, cogitatio_—imagination.
_ingenii vis_ or _celeritas_—vivid, lively imagination.
_rerum imagines_—creatures of the imagination.
_res cogitatione fictae_ or _depictae_—creatures of the imagination.
_opinionum commenta, ineptiae, monstra, portenta_—extravagant fictions of fancy.
_animo, mente, cogitatione aliquid comprehendere, complecti_—to grasp a thing mentally.
_in eam cogitationem incidere_—to happen to think of...
_haec cogitatio subit animum_—an idea strikes me.
_illud succurrit mihi_—an idea strikes me.
_mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei_—something comes into my mind.
_aliquid animo meo obversatur_ (cf. sect. III, s. v. _oculi_)—a vague notion presents itself to my mind.
_aliquem ad eam cogitationem adducere ut_—to induce a person to think that...
_alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere_—to draw away some one's attention from a thing.
_cogitationem, animum in aliquid intendere_ (Acad. 4. 46)—to direct one's attention...
_omnes cogitationes ad aliquid conferre_—to give all one's attention to a thing.
_mentem in aliqua re defigere_—to fix all one's thoughts on an object.
_in cogitatione defixum esse_—to be deep in thought.
_cogitationes in res humiles abicere_ (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. _alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere_)—to study the commonplace.
3. Conceptions—Ideals—Perfection
_notiones animo (menti) insitae, innatae_—innate ideas.
_intellegentiae adumbratae_[1] or _incohatae_ (De Leg. 1. 22. 59)—vague, undeveloped ideas.
_notionem_ or _rationem alicuius rei in animo informare_ or _animo concipere_—to form a conception, notion of a thing.
_absolutus et perfectus_—absolutely perfect.
_omnibus numeris absolutus_ (N. D. 2. 13)—perfect in every detail.
_ad summum perducere_—to bring to the highest perfection.
_perficere et absolvere_—to bring to the highest perfection.
_ad perfectionem, (ad summum) pervenire_—to attain perfection.
_absolutio et perfectio_ (not _summa perfectio_)—ideal perfection.
_cogitatione, non re_—ideally, not really.
_undique expleta et perfecta forma_—an ideal.
_species optima_ or _eximia, specimen_, also simply _species, forma_—an ideal.
_comprehensam quandam animo speciem (alicuius rei) habere_—to have formed an ideal notion of a thing.
_singularem quandam perfectionis imaginem animo concipere_—to conceive an ideal.
_imaginem perfecti oratoris adumbrare_—to sketch the ideal of an orator.
_civitas optima, perfecta Platonis_—Plato's ideal republic.
_illa civitas Platonis commenticia_—Plato's ideal republic.
_illa civitas, quam Plato finxit_—Plato's ideal republic.
[1] _adumbrare_ is a technical term of painting = to make a sketch, outline of an object; then metaphorically, to merely hint at a thing. Its opposite is _exprimere_, technical term of sculpture, =figuratively, to represent exactly, clearly. It never has the simple meaning "to express."
4. Opinion—Prejudice—Conjecture
_in sententia manere, permanere, perseverare, perstare_—to abide by, persist in one's opinion.
_illud, hoc teneo_—I abide by this opinion.
_a sententia sua discedere_—to give up one's opinion.
_de sententia sua decedere_—to give up one's opinion.
_(de) sententia desistere_—to give up one's opinion.
_de sententia deici, depelli, deterreri_—to be forced to change one's mind.
_de sententia aliquem deducere, movere_—to make a man change his opinion.
_aliquem ad suam sententiam perducere_ or _in suam sententiam adducere_—to win a man over to one's own way of thinking.
_ad alicuius sententiam accedere, sententiam alicuius sequi_—to adopt some one's opinion.
_idem sentire_ (opp. _dissentire ab aliquo_)—to hold the same views.
_sententiam suam aperire_[1]—to freely express one's opinions.
_sententiam fronte celare, tegere_—not to betray one's feelings by one's looks.
_dic quid sentias_[2]—give me your opinion.
_in hac sum sententia, ut...putem_—I think that...
_plura in eam sententiam disputare_—to discuss a subject more fully on the same lines.
_ut mea fert opinio_—according to my opinion.
_ut mihi quidem videtur_—according to my opinion.
_mea (quidem) sententia_—according to my opinion.
_quot homines, tot sententiae_—many men, many minds.
_opiniones falsas animo imbibere_—to be imbibing false opinions.
_opinionibus falsis imbui_—to be imbibing false opinions.