# Latin Phrase-Book ## Part 4 Book page: https://www.cyberlibrary.org/la/books/latin-phrase-book-50280/index.md _hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet_—a wise man is in no way affected by this. _hoc in sapientem non cadit_—it is incompatible with the nature of a wise man; the wise are superior to such things. _multum valere ad aliquid_—to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in... _multum afferre ad aliquid_—to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in... _magnam vim habere ad aliquid_—to have considerable influence on a question. _positum, situm esse in aliqua re_—to depend upon a thing. _contineri aliqua re_[2]—to depend upon a thing. _consistere in aliqua re_—to depend upon a thing. _pendēre ex aliqua re_—to depend upon a thing. _in te omnia sunt_—everything depends on you. _in ea re omnia vertuntur_—all depends on this; this is the decisive point. _constare ex aliqua re_—to be composed of; to consist of. _cernitur (in) aliqua re_ (not _ex aliqua re_)—it is evident from... _in manu, in potestate alicuius situm, positum esse_—to be in a person's power. _penes aliquem esse_—to be in a person's power. _res integra_[3] _est_—the matter is still undecided; it is an open question. _res mihi integra est_—I have not yet committed myself. _mihi non est integrum, ut..._—it is no longer in my power. _integrum (causam integram) sibi reservare_—to leave the question open; to refuse to commit oneself. _penes te arbitrium huius rei est_—the decision of the question rests with you. _arbitrio alicuius omnia permittere_—to put the matter entirely in some one's hands. _omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere_—to put the matter entirely in some one's hands. _arbitratu, arbitrio tuo_—just as you wish. [1] But _respicere ad aliquid (aliquem)_ = to look round at an object. [2] _contineri aliqua re_ also means (1) to be bounded by..., e.g. _oceano_; (2) to be limited, restricted to, e.g. _moenibus_. [3] The proper meaning of _integer_ (_in-TAG, tango_) is untouched, unsullied. 5. Opportunity—Possibility—Occasion—Chance _occasio datur, offertur_—a favourable[1] opportunity presents itself. _occasione data, oblata_—when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs. _per occasionem_—when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs. _quotienscunque occasio oblata est; omnibus locis_—on every occasion; at every opportunity. _occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei_ or _ad aliquid faciendum_—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing. _facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei_ or _ut possit..._—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing. _potestatem,_[2] _copiam alicui dare, facere_ with Gen. gerund.—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing. _occasionem nancisci_—to get, meet with, a favourable opportunity. _occasione uti_—to make use of, avail oneself of an opportunity. _occasionem praetermittere, amittere_ (through carelessness), _omittere_ (deliberately), _dimittere_ (through indifference)—to lose, let slip an opportunity. _occasioni deesse_[3]—to neglect an opportunity. _occasionem arripere_—to seize an opportunity. _facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere_—to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing. _nulla est facultas alicuius rei_—no opportunity of carrying out an object presents itself. _locum dare suspicioni_—to give ground for suspicion. _ansas dare ad reprehendum, reprehensionis_—to give occasion for blame; to challenge criticism. _ansam habere reprehensionis_—to contain, afford matter for criticism. _adduci aliqua re_ (_ad aliquid_ or _ut..._)—to be induced by a consideration. _nescio quo casu_ (with Indic.)—by some chance or other. _temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere_—quite accidentally, fortuitously. [1] Not _occasio opportuna, bona, pulchra_, the notion "favourable" being contained in the word itself. We find, however, _occasio praeclara, ampla, tanta_, not unfrequently. [2] Notice _potestatem alicui pugnandi facere_, to offer battle, and _potestatem sui facere alicui_, (1) to give opportunity of battle, and also (2) to grant an audience to (cf. _sui conveniendi potestatem facere_). [3] In the same way _deesse officio_, to leave one's duties undone; _d. muneri_, to neglect the claims of one's vocation; _d. rei publicae_, to be careless of state interests, to be unpatriotic; _d. sibi_, not to do one's best. 6. Success—Good Fortune _fortuna secunda uti_—to be fortunate, lucky. _fortunae favore_ or _prospero flatu fortunae uti_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 8., note _uti..._)—to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles. _fortunam fautricem nancisci_—to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles. _fortuna caecos homines efficit, animos occaecat_—Fortune makes men shortsighted, infatuates them. _fortunam tentare, experiri_—to try one's luck. _fortunam periclitari (periculum facere)_—to run a risk; to tempt Providence. _fortunae se committere_—to trust to luck. _fortunam in manibus habere_—to have success in one's grasp. _fortunam ex manibus dimittere_—to let success slip through one's fingers. _fortuna commutatur, se inclinat_—luck is changing, waning. _ludibrium fortunae_—the plaything of Fortune. _is, quem fortuna complexa est_—Fortune's favourite. _a fortuna desertum, derelictum esse_—to be abandoned by good luck. _fortuna aliquem effert_—Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous. _rebus secundis efferri_—to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity. _ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re_—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is... _aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert_—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is... _aliquid felicitatem magno cumulo auget_—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is... _in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus_—when life runs smoothly. _beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse_[1]—happiness, bliss. _ad bene beateque vivendum_—for a life of perfect happiness. _peropportune accidit, quod_—it is most fortunate that... [1] _beatitas_ and _beatitudo_ are used by Cicero in one passage only (De Nat. Deorum, 1. 34. 95), but merely as a linguistic experiment. 7. Misfortune—Fate—Ruin _fortuna adversa_—misfortune, adversity. _res adversae, afflictae, perditae_—misfortune, adversity. _in calamitatem incidere_—to be overtaken by calamity. _calamitatem accipere, subire_—to suffer mishap. _nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre_—to live a life free from all misfortune. _calamitatem haurire_—to drain the cup of sorrow.[1] _omnes labores exanclare_—to drain the cup of sorrow. _calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui_—to bring mishap, ruin on a person. _calamitatibus affligi_—to be the victim of misfortune. _calamitatibus obrui_—to be overwhelmed with misfortune. _calamitatibus defungi_—to come to the end of one's troubles. _calamitate doctus_—schooled by adversity. _conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna_—to struggle with adversity. _in malis iacere_—to be broken down by misfortune. _malis urgeri_—to be hard pressed by misfortune. _fortunae vicissitudines_—the vicissitudes of fortune. _ancipites et varii casus_—the changes and chances of this life. _sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse_—to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice. _multis casibus iactari_—to experience the ups and downs of life. _ad omnes casus subsidia comparare_—to be prepared for all that may come. _varia fortuna uti_—to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career. _multis iniquitatibus exerceri_[2]—to be severely tried by misfortune. _fortunae telis propositum esse_—to be exposed to the assaults of fate. _fortunae obiectum esse_—to be abandoned to fate. _ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse_—to be a victim of the malice of Fortune. _fortunae cedere_—to acquiesce in one's fate. _aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare_—to bring a man to ruin; to destroy. _praecipitem agi, ire_—to be ruined, undone. _ad exitium vocari_—to be ruined, undone. _ad interitum ruere_—to be ruined, undone. _in perniciem incurrere_—to be ruined, undone. _pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari_—to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin. _perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare_—to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin. _ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare_—to rescue from destruction. [1] In Latin metaphor the verb only, as a rule, is sufficient to express the metaphorical meaning—e.g. _amicitiam iungere cum aliquo_, to be bound by the bands of affection to any one; _religionem labefactare_, to undermine the very foundations of belief; _bellum exstinguere_, to extinguish the torch of war; _cuncta bello ardent_, the fires of war are raging all around; _libido consedit_, the storm of passion has ceased; _animum pellere_, to strike the heart-strings; _vetustas monumenta exederat_, the tooth of time had eaten away the monuments. [2] The first meaning of _exercere_ is to keep in motion, give no rest to. Then, metaphorically, to keep busy, to harass—e.g. _fortuna aliquem vehementer exercet_. Lastly, _exercere_ is used to express the main activity in any branch of industry, thus, _exercere agros_, to farm; _metalla_, to carry on a mining industry; _navem_, to fit out ships, be a shipowner; _vectigalia_, to levy, collect taxes, used specially of the _publicani_; _qui exercet iudicium_, the presiding judge (_praetor_). 8. Danger—Risk—Safety _in periculo esse_ or _versari_—to be in danger. _res in summo discrimine versatur_—the position is very critical. _in vitae discrimine versari_—to be in peril of one's life. _in pericula incidere, incurrere_—to find oneself in a hazardous position. _pericula alicui impendent, imminent_—dangers threaten a man. _pericula in_ or _ad aliquem redundant_—many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn. _pericula subire, adire, suscipere_—to incur danger, risk. _periculis se offerre_—to expose oneself to peril. _salutem, vitam suam in discrimen offerre_ (not _exponere_)—to risk one's life. _aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare_[1]—to endanger, imperil a person or thing. _alicui periculum creare, conflare_—to endanger, imperil a person or thing. _in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre_—to recklessly hazard one's life. _salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine est_ or _versatur_—a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger. _in ipso periculi discrimine_—at the critical moment. _aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare_—to rescue from peril. _nullum periculum recusare pro_—to avoid no risk in order to... _periculis perfungi_—to surmount dangers. _periculum facere alicuius rei_—to make trial of; to risk. _periculum hostis facere_—to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle. _res ad extremum casum perducta est_—affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties. _ad extrema perventum est_—affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties. _in tuto esse_—to be in a position of safety. _in tuto collocare aliquid_—to ensure the safety of a thing. [1] _vocare_ helps to form several phrases—e.g. _in invidiam, in suspicionem, in dubium, ad exitium, in periculum vocare_. It is used in the passive to express periphrastically the passive of verbs which have only an active voice—e.g. _in invidiam vocari_, to become unpopular, be hated, _invideor_ not being used. Cf. _in invidiam venire_. 9. Assistance—Deliverance—Consolation _auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui_—to bring aid to; to rescue. _auxilio alicui venire_—to come to assist any one. _alicuius opem implorare_—to implore a person's help. _confugere ad aliquem_ or _ad opem, ad fidem alicuius_—to fly to some one for refuge. _ad extremum auxilium descendere_[1]—to be reduced to one's last resource. _auxilium praesens_[2]—prompt assistance. _adesse alicui_ or _alicuius rebus_ (opp. _deesse_)—to assist, stand by a person. _salutem alicui afferre_—to deliver, rescue a person. _saluti suae consulere, prospicere_—to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests. _suis rebus_ or _sibi consulere_—to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests. _salutem expedire_—to effect a person's deliverance. _solacium praebere_—to comfort. _nihil habere consolationis_—to afford no consolation. _hoc solacio frui, uti_—to solace oneself with the thought... _consolari aliquem de aliqua re_—to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him. _consolari dolorem alicuius_—to soothe grief. _consolari aliquem in miseriis_—to comfort in misfortune. _hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor_—I console myself with... _haec (illa) res me consolatur_—I console myself with... [1] Similarly _descendere_ is frequently used of consenting unwillingly to a thing, condescending. Cf. vi. 9 ad fin. and xvi. 9. [2] Notice too _poena praesens_, instant punishment; _pecunia praesens_, ready money; _medicina praesens_, efficacious remedy; _deus praesens_, a propitious deity; _in rem praesentem venire_, to go to the very spot to make a closer examination. 10. Riches—Want—Poverty _divitiis, copiis abundare_—to be rich, wealthy. _magnas opes habere_—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence. _opibus maxime florere_—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence. _omnibus opibus circumfluere_—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence. _fortunis maximis ornatum esse_—to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune. _in omnium rerum abundantia vivere_—to live in great affluence. _aliquem ex paupere divitem facere_—to raise a man from poverty to wealth. _inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi_—to suffer from want of a thing. _ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi_—to be reduced to (abject) poverty. _vitam inopem sustentare, tolerare_—to earn a precarious livelihood. _in egestate esse, versari_—to live in poverty, destitution. _vitam in egestate degere_—to live in poverty, destitution. _in summa egestate_ or _mendicitate esse_—to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar. _stipem colligere_—to beg alms. _stipem (pecuniam) conferre_—to contribute alms. 11. Utility—Advantage—Harm—Disadvantage _usui_ or _ex usu esse_—to be of use. _utilitatem afferre, praebere_—to be serviceable. _multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre_—to considerably (in no way) further the common good. _aliquid in usum suum conferre_—to employ in the furtherance of one's interests. _omnia ad suam utilitatem referre_—to consider one's own advantage in everything. _rationibus alicuius prospicere_ or _consulere_ (opp. _officere, obstare, adversari_)—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare. _commodis alicuius servire_—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare. _commoda alicuius tueri_—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare. _meae rationes ita tulerunt_—my interests demanded it. _fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re_[1]—to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing. _fructus ex hac re redundant in_ or _ad me_—(great) advantage accrues to me from this. _aliquid ad meum fructum redundat_—I am benefited by a thing. _quid attinet?_ with Infin.—what is the use of? _cui bono?_—who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party? _damnum_ (opp. _lucrum_) _facere_—to suffer loss, harm, damage.[2] _damno affici_—to suffer loss, harm, damage. _detrimentum capere, accipere, facere_—to suffer loss, harm, damage. _iacturam_[3] _alicuius rei facere_—to throw away, sacrifice. _damnum inferre, afferre alicui_—to do harm to, injure any one. _damnum ferre_—to know how to endure calamity. _incommodo afficere aliquem_—to inconvenience, injure a person. _incommodis mederi_—to relieve a difficulty. _damnum_ or _detrimentum sarcire_ (not _reparare_)—to make good, repair a loss or injury. _damnum compensare cum aliqua re_—to balance a loss by anything. _res repetere_—to demand restitution, satisfaction. _res restituere_—to give restitution, satisfaction. [1] Also _fructum alicuius rei capere, percipere, ferre, consequi ex aliqua re_—e.g. _virtutis fructus ex re publica (magnos, laetos, uberes) capere_ = to be handsomely rewarded by the state for one's high character. [2] Notice too _calamitatem, cladem, incommodum accipere_, to suffer mishap, reverse, inconvenience; _naufragium facere_, to be shipwrecked. [3] _damnum_ (opp. _lucrum_) = loss, especially of worldly possessions; _detrimentum_ (opp. _emolumentum_) = harm inflicted by others; _fraus_ = deceitful injury; _iactura_ (properly "throwing overboard") = the intentional sacrifice of something valuable in order either to avert injury or to gain some greater advantage. "Harmful" = _inutilis, qui nocet_, etc., not _noxius_, which is only used absolutely—e.g. _homo noxius_, the offender, evildoer. 12. Goodwill—Kindness—Inclination—Favour _benevolo animo esse in aliquem_—to be well-disposed towards... _benevolentiam habere erga aliquem_—to be well-disposed towards... _benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare_ or _colligere (ex aliqua re)_—to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces. _benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre_—to show kindness to... _benevolentia aliquem complecti_ or _prosequi_—to show kindness to... _gratiosum esse alicui_ or _apud aliquem_—to be popular with; to stand well with a person. _in gratia esse apud aliquem_—to be popular with; to stand well with a person. _multum valere gratia apud aliquem_—to be highly favoured by; to be influential with... _florere gratia alicuius_—to be highly favoured by; to be influential with... _gratiam inire ab aliquo_or _apud aliquem_—to gain a person's esteem, friendship. _in gratiam alicuius venire_—to gain a person's esteem, friendship. _gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi_, more strongly _aucupari_—to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with... _studere, favere alicui_—to look favourably upon; to support. _studiosum esse alicuius_—to look favourably upon; to support. _propenso animo, studio esse_ or _propensa voluntate esse in aliquem_ (opp. _averso animo esse ab aliquo_)—to look favourably upon; to support. _alicui morem gerere, obsequi_—to comply with a person's wishes; to humour. _alicuius causa_[1] _velle_ or _cupere_—to be favourably disposed towards. _gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere_—to do any one a (great) favour. _se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem_—to accomodate oneself to another's wishes. _alicuius voluntati morem gerere_—to accomodate oneself to another's wishes. _se convertere, converti ad alicuius nutum_[2]—to take one's directions from another; to obey him in everything. _totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum_—to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature. _voluntatem_or _animum alicuius a se abalienare, aliquem a se abalienare_ or _alienare_—to become estranged, alienated from some one. [1] Probably originally _omnia alicuius causa velle_ = to wish everything (favourable) in some one's behalf. [2] But _se convertere ad aliquem_ = either (1) to approach with hostile intention, or (2) to turn to some one for sympathy or assistance. 13. Benefit—Gratitude—Recompense _beneficium alicui dare, tribuere_—to do any one a service or kindness. _beneficio aliquem afficere, ornare_—to do any one a service or kindness. _beneficia in aliquem conferre_—to heap benefits upon... _beneficiis aliquem obstringere, obligare, devincire_—to lay any one under an obligation by kind treatment. _beneficium remunerari_ or _reddere (cumulate)_—to (richly) recompense a kindness or service. _gratus_ (opp. _ingratus_) _animus_[1]—gratitude. _gratiam alicui debere_—to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person. _gratiam alicui habere_—to feel gratitude (in one's heart). _gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re_—to show gratitude (in one's acts). _gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re_—to thank a person (in words). _grates agere (dis immortalibus)_—to give thanks to heaven. _gratiam mereri_—to merit thanks; to do a thankworthy action. _par pari referre_—to return like for like. _paria paribus respondere_—to return like for like. _bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre_—to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for. _benefacta maleficiis pensare_—to return evil for good. _maleficia benefactis remunerari_—to return good for evil. _pro maleficiis beneficia reddere_—to return good for evil. [1] _animus_ is used similarly in several periphrases to express abstract qualities—e.g. _animus inexorabilis_ = inflexibility, severity; _animus implacabilis_ = implacability; _animus (fides) venalis_ = venality. Cf. _simplices mores, simplex natura, ratio, genus_ = simplicity (_simplicitas_ is post-Augustan and usually = frankness, candour). _immemor ingenium_ = forgetfulness (_oblivio_ in this sense is not classical). 14. Merit—Value—Reward _bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri_[1] _de aliquo_—to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to... _male mereri de aliquo_—to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly. _meritum alicuius in_ or _erga aliquem_—what a man merits at another's hands. _nullo meo merito_—I had not deserved it. _ex, pro merito_—according to a man's deserts. _multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere_—to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing. _multum alicui tribuere_—to value, esteem a person. _praemiis (amplissimis, maximis) aliquem afficere_[2]—to remunerate (handsomely). _meritum praemium alicui persolvere_—to reward a man according to his deserts. _praemium exponere_ or _proponere_—(to encourage) by offering a reward. _praemium ponere_—to offer a prize (for the winner). _palmam deferre, dare alicui_—to award the prize to... _palmam ferre, auferre_—to win the prize. _pacta merces alicuius rei_—the stipulated reward for anything. _mercede conductum esse_—to be hired, suborned. [1] _mereri_ is a middle verb, and consequently always has an adverb with it. [2] Notice the numerous phrases of which _afficere_ is a part—e.g. _afficere aliquem admiratione, beneficio, exilio, honore, iniuria, laude, poena, supplicio_. Especially important is its passive use—e.g. _affici admiratione_, to admire; _gaudio, voluptate_, to rejoice, be pleased; _dolore_, to be pained, vexed; _poena_, to suffer punishment. 15. Requests—Wishes—Commissions—Orders _orare et obsecrare aliquem_—to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests. _magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem_—to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests. _precibus aliquem fatigare_—to importune with petitions. _supplicibus verbis orare_—to crave humbly; to supplicate. _precibus obsequi_—to grant a request. _alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse_—to accede to a man's petitions. _magnis (infimis) precibus moveri_—to be influenced by, to yield to urgent (abject) entreaty. _negare_, more strongly _denegare alicui aliquid_—to refuse, reject a request. _petenti alicui negare aliquid_—to refuse, reject a request. _repudiare, aspernari preces alicuius_—to refuse, reject a request. _nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo_—I will refuse you nothing. _aliquid ab aliquo impetrare_—to gain one's point with any one. _optata mihi contingunt_—my wishes are being fulfilled. _voluntati alicuius satisfacere, obsequi_—to satisfy a person's wishes. _ex sententia_—as one would wish; to one's mind. _aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 11., note _Prosequi..._)—to wish prosperity to an undertaking. _bene id tibi vertat!_—I wish you all success in the matter. _mandatum, negotium alicui dare_—to entrust a matter to a person; to commission. _negotium ad aliquem deferre_—to entrust a matter to a person; to commission. _mandatum exsequi, persequi, conficere_—to execute a commission.