# Latin Phrase-Book ## Part 3 Book page: https://www.cyberlibrary.org/la/books/latin-phrase-book-50280/index.md _res sensibus_ or _oculis subiectae_ (De Fin. 5. 12. 36)—the world of sense, the visible world. _res quas oculis cernimus_—the world of sense, the visible world. _res externae_—the world of sense, the visible world. _sensus movere_ (more strongly _pellere_)—to make an impression on the senses. _aliquid sensus suaviter afficit_—a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses. _aliquid sensus iucunditate perfundit_—a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses. _pulsu externo, adventicio agitari_—to be affected by some external impulse, by external impressions. _sevocare mentem a sensibus_ (De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21)—to free one's mind from the influences of the senses. _aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret_—something offends my instincts, goes against the grain. _vires corporis_ or merely _vires_—bodily strength. _vires colligere_—to gain strength. _vires aliquem deficiunt_—to lose strength. _dum vires suppetunt_—as long as one's strength holds out. _bonis esse viribus_—to be robust, vigorous. _pro viribus_ or _pro mea parte_—as well as I can; to the best of my ability. _pro virili parte_[1] (cf. sect. V. 22.)—as well as I can; to the best of my ability. [1] _pro virili parte_ is distinct from the other expressions, as implying more assurance and confidence on the part of the speaker. 2. Birth—Life _in lucem edi_—to see the light, come into the world. _ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus_—those to whom we owe our being. _tollere_[1] or _suscipere liberos_—to accept as one's own child; to make oneself responsible for its nurture and education. _aliquem in liberorum loco habere_—to treat as one's own child. _sexus_ (not _genus_) _virilis, muliebris_—the male, female sex. _patre, (e) matre natus_—son of such and such a father, mother. _Cato Uticensis ortus erat a Catone Censorio_—Cato of Utica was a direct descendant of Cato the Censor. _originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere_—to trace one's descent from some one. _Romae natus, (a) Roma oriundus_—a native of Rome. _cuias es_—what country do you come from? _natione, genere Anglus_—an Englishman by birth. _ortus ab Anglis_ or _oriundus ex Anglis_—a native of England. _urbs patria_ or simply _patria_—native place. _animam, spiritum ducere_—to breathe, live. _aera spiritu ducere_—to breathe the air. _animam continere_—to hold one's breath. _cursu exanimari_ (B.G. 2. 23. 1)—to run till one is out of breath. _spiritum intercludere alicui_—to suffocate a person. _in vita esse_—to be alive. _vita_ or _hac luce frui_—to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive. _vitam beatam (miseram) degere_—to live a happy (unhappy) life. _vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere_—to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning). _dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo_—as long as I live. _si vita mihi suppeditat_[2]—if I live till then. _si vita suppetit_—if I live till then. _quod reliquum est vitae_—the rest of one's life. _vitae cursum_ or _curriculum_[3] _conficere_—to finish one's career. _Homerus fuit_[4] _multis annis ante Romam conditam_—Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome. [1] It was the custom for a Roman father to lift up his new-born child, which was laid on the ground at his feet; hence the expression _tollere, suscipere_. [2] _suppeditare_ (1) transitive, to supply sufficiently; (2) intrans. to be present in sufficient quantities = _suppetere_. [3] _vitae (vivendi) cursus_ or _curriculum_ = life, career—considering its duration, length. Life = biography is not _curriculum vitae_, but simply _vita, vitae descriptio_. [4] To live, speaking chronologically, is _esse_; _vivere_ denotes to be alive, pass one's life, e.g. _laute, in otio_. 3. Time of Life (The terms for the different ages of man are _infans, puer, adulescens, iuvenis, senior, senex, grandis natu_.) _ea aetate, id aetatis esse_—to be of such and such an age. _a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is)_—from youth up. _a teneris unguiculis_ (ἐξ ἁπαλων ὀνύχων) (Fam. 1. 6. 2)—from one's cradle, from one's earliest childhood. _ab ineunte (prima) aetate_ (De Or. 1. 21. 97)—from one's entry into civil life. _ex pueris excedere_—to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man. _flos aetatis_—the prime of youthful vigour. _aetate florere, vigere_—to be in the prime of life. _integra aetate esse_—to be in the prime of life. _adulescentia deferbuit_—the fires of youth have cooled. _aetate progrediente_—with advancing years. _aetate ingravescente_—with the weight, weakness of declining years. _aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata_ (not _virilis_)—manhood. _grandior factus_—having reached man's estate. _corroborata, firmata aetate_—having reached man's estate. _sui iuris factum esse_—to have become independent, be no longer a minor. _aetate provectum esse_ (not _aetate provecta_)—to be advanced in years. _longius aetate provectum esse_—to be more advanced in years. _grandis natu_—aged. _aetate affecta esse_—to be infirm through old age. _vires consenescunt_—to become old and feeble. _senectute, senio confectum esse_—to be worn out by old age. _exacta aetate mori_—to die at a good old age. _ad summam senectutem pervenire_—to live to a very great age. _senectus nobis obrēpit_—old age creeps on us insensibly. _admodum adulescens, senex_—still quote a young (old) man. _extrema aetas_—the last stage of life, one's last days. _extremum tempus aetatis_—the last stage of life, one's last days. _vita occidens_—the evening of life. _aequalem esse alicuius_—to be a contemporary of a person. _maior (natu)_—the elder _aetate alicui antecedere, anteire_—to be older than. _quot annos natus es?_—how old are you? _qua aetate es?_—how old are you? _tredecim annos natus sum_—I am thirteen years old. _tertium decimum annum ago_—I am in my thirteenth year. _puer decem annorum_—a boy ten years old. _decimum aetatis annum ingredi_—to be entering on one's tenth year. _decem annos vixisse_—to be ten years old. _decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse_—to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year. _minorem esse viginti annis_—to be not yet twenty. _tum habebam decem annos_—I was ten years old at the time. _centum annos complere_—to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred. _vitam ad annum centesimum perducere_—to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred. _accessio paucorum annorum_—the addition of a few years. _tertiam iam aetatem videre_—to be middle-aged (_i.e._ between thirty and forty). _in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere_—to happen during a person's life, year of office. _omnium suorum_ or _omnibus suis superstitem esse_—to outlive, survive all one's kin. _homines qui nunc sunt_ (opp. _qui tunc fuerunt_)—our contemporaries; men of our time. _homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae_—our contemporaries; men of our time. _posteri_—posterity. _scriptores aetate posteriores_ or _inferiores_—later writers. 4. Hunger—Thirst _esurire_—to be hungry. _fame laborare, premi_—to be tormented by hunger, to be starving. _famem tolerare, sustentare_—to endure the pangs of hunger. _inediā mori_ or _vitam finire_—to starve oneself to death. _fame confici, perire, interire_—to die of starvation. _fame necari_—to be starved to death (as punishment). _famem, sitim explere_—to allay one's hunger, thirst. _famem sitimque depellere cibo et potione_—to allay one's hunger, thirst. _siti cruciari, premi_—to suffer agonies of thirst. _sitim colligere_—to become thirsty. _sitim haustu gelidae aquae sedare_—to slake one's thirst by a draught of cold water. _famis et sitis_[1] _patientem esse_—to be able to endure hunger and thirst. [1] _sitis_ is also used metaphorically—e.g. _libertatis sitis_ (Rep. 1. 43. 66), so _sitire_—e.g. _honores_ (De Fin. 4. 5. 3), _libertatem_ (Rep. 1. 43. 66), _sanguinem_ (Phil. 2. 7. 20). The participle _sitiens_ takes the Gen.—e.g. _sitiens virtutis_ (Planc. 5. 13). 5. Laughter—Tears _risum edere, tollere_[1]—to begin to laugh. _cachinnum tollere, edere_—to burst into a roar of laughter. _risum movere, concitare_—to raise a laugh. _risum elicere_ (more strongly _excutere_) _alicui_—to make a person laugh. _risum captare_—to try and raise a laugh. _risum tenere vix posse_—to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter. _risum aegre continere posse_—to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter. _aliquid in risum vertere_—to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke. _lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere_—to burst into a flood of tears. _in lacrimas effundi_ or _lacrimis perfundi_—to be bathed in tears. _lacrimis obortis_—with tears in one's eyes. _multis cum lacrimis_—with many tears. _magno cum fletu_—with many tears. _lacrimas tenere non posse_—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears. _fletum cohibere non posse_—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears. _vix mihi tempero quin lacrimem_—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears. _vix me contineo quin lacrimem_—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears. _lacrimas_ or _fletum alicui movere_—to move to tears. _prae lacrimis loqui non posse_—to be unable to speak for emotion. _gaudio lacrimare_—to weep for joy. _hinc illae lacrimae_ (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)—hence these tears; there's the rub. _lacrimula_ (Planc. 31. 76)—crocodiles' tears. _lacrimae simulatae_—crocodiles' tears. [1] Not _in risum erumpere_, which only occurs in late Latin. However, _risus, vox, fletus erumpit_ is classical, similarly _indignatio_ (Liv. 4. 50), _furor, cupiditates_ (Cael. 12. 28). 6. Health—Sickness _bona (firma, prospera) valetudine_[1] _esse_ or _uti_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 8., note _uti..._)—to enjoy good health. _valetudini consulere, operam dare_—to take care of one's health. _firma corporis constitutio_ or _affectio_—a good constitution. _infirma, aegra valetudine esse_ or _uti_—to be ill, weakly. _in morbum incidit_—he fell ill. _aegrotare coepit_—he fell ill. _morbo tentari_ or _corripi_—to be attacked by disease. _morbo afflīgi_—to be laid on a bed of sickness. _lecto teneri_—to be confined to one's bed. _vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre_—to be seriously ill. _gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari_—to be seriously ill. _leviter aegrotare, minus valere_—to be indisposed. _aestu et febri iactari_—to have a severe attack of fever. _omnibus membris captum esse_[2]—to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed. _ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse_—to have the gout. _pestilentia_ (not _pestis_) _in urbem (populum) invadit_—the plague breaks out in the city. _animus relinquit aliquem_—a man loses his senses, becomes unconscious. _morbus ingravescit_[3]—the disease gets worse. _morbo absūmi_ (Sall. Iug. 5. 6)—to be carried off by a disease. _assidēre aegroto_ (Liv. 25. 26)—to watch by a sick man's bedside. _aegrotum curare_—to treat as a patient (used of a doctor). _curationes_—method of treatment. _aegrotum sanare_ (not _curare_)—to cure a patient. _ex morbo convalescere_ (not _reconvalescere_)—to recover from a disease. _e gravi morbo recreari_ or _se colligere_—to recruit oneself after a severe illness. _melius ei factum est_—he feels better. _valetudinem (morbum) excusare_[4] (Liv. 6. 22. 7)—to excuse oneself on the score of health. _valetudinis excusatione uti_—to excuse oneself on the score of health. [1] _valetudo_ is a neutral term = state of health. _sanitas_ = soundness of mind, reason—e.g. _ad sanitatem reverti_, to recover one's reason. [2] Note _auribus, oculis, captum esse_, to be deaf, blind; _mente captum esse_, to be mad. [3] The comparative and superlative of _aeger_ and _aegrotus_ are not used in this connection, they are replaced by such phrases as _vehementer, graviter aegrotare, morbus ingravescit_, etc. [4] But _se excusare alicui_ or _apud aliquem_ (_de_ or _in aliqua re_) = to excuse oneself to some one about a thing. 7. Sleep—Dreams _cubitum ire_—to go to bed. _somno_ or _quieti se tradere_—to lay oneself down to sleep _somnum capere non posse_—to be unable to sleep. _curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt_—I cannot sleep for anxiety. _somnum oculis meis non vidi_ (Fam. 7. 30)—I haven't had a wink of sleep. _arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)_—to sleep soundly (from fatigue). _artus somnus aliquem complectitur_ (Rep. 6. 10)—to fall fast asleep. _somno captum, oppressum esse_—to be overcome by sleep. _sopītum esse_—to be sound asleep. _in lucem dormire_—to sleep on into the morning. _somno solvi_—to awake. _(e) somno excitare, dormientem excitare_—to rouse, wake some one. _e lecto_ or _e cubīli surgere_—to rise from one's bed, get up. _per somnum, in somnis_—in a dream. _per quietem, in quiete_—in a dream. _in somnis videre aliquid_ or _speciem_—to see something in a dream. _in somnis visus (mihi) sum videre_—I dreamed I saw... _species mihi dormienti oblata est_—I saw a vision in my dreams. _somnium verum evādit_ (Div. 2. 53. 108)—my dream is coming true. _somnium interpretari_—to explain a dream. _somniorum interpres, coniector_—an interpreter of dreams. _somniare de aliquo_—to dream of a person. 8. Death _(de) vita decedere_ or merely _decedere_—to depart this life. _(ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire_—to depart this life. _de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare_—to depart this life. _mortem (diem supremum) obire_—to depart this life. _supremo vitae die_—on one's last day. _animam edere_ or _efflare_—to give up the ghost. _extremum vitae spiritum edere_—to give up the ghost. _animam agere_—to be at one's last gasp. _mors immatura_ or _praematura_—an untimely death. _mature decedere_—to die young. _subita morte exstingui_—to be cut off by sudden death. _necessaria_ (opp. _voluntaria_) _morte mori_—to die a natural death. _morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi_—to die a natural death. _debitum naturae reddere_[1] (Nep. Reg. 1)—to die a natural death. _mortem sibi consciscere_[2]—to commit suicide. _se vita privare_—to take one's own life. _manus, vim sibi afferre_—to lay hands on oneself. _vitae finem facere_—to put an end to one's life. _talem vitae exitum_ (not _finem_) _habuit_ (Nep. Eum. 13)—such was the end of... (used of a violent death). _mortem oppetere_—to meet death (by violence). _mortem occumbere pro patria_—to die for one's country. _sanguinem suum pro patria effundere_ or _profundere_—to shed one's blood for one's fatherland. _vitam profundere pro patria_—to sacrifice oneself for one's country. _se morti offerre pro salute patriae_—to sacrifice oneself for one's country. _dare venenum in pane_—to give a person poison in bread. _venenum sumere, bibere_—to take poison. _veneno sibi mortem consciscere_—to poison oneself. _poculum mortis (mortiferum) exhaurire_ (Cluent. 11. 31)—to drain the cup of poison. _potestas vitae necisque_—power over life and death. _plagam extremam_ or _mortiferam infligere_—to inflict a death-blow. _e_ or _de medio tollere_—to remove a person. _perii! actum est de me!_ (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)—I'm undone! it's all up with me! [1] _sua morte defungi_ or _mori_ is late Latin, cf. Inscr. Orell. 3453, _debitum naturae persolvit_. [2] _se interficere, se occidere, se necare_ are rare. During the classic period, when suicide was not common, _ipse_ is often added—e.g. _Crassum se ipsum interemisse_ (Cic. Scaur. 2. 16), _Lucretia se ipsa interemit_ (Fin. 2. 20. 66); but later, when suicide had become frequent, _se interemit; nonnulli semet interemerunt_ (Suet. Iul. 89), etc., occur commonly. 9. Burial _funere efferri_ or simply _efferri_ (_publice; publico, suo sumptu_)—to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost). _sepultura aliquem afficere_—to bury a person. _iusta facere, solvere alicui_—to perform the last rites for a person. _supremo officio in aliquem fungi_—to perform the last rites for a person. _funus alicui facere, ducere_ (Cluent. 9. 28)—to carry out the funeral obsequies. _funus alicuius exsequi_—to attend a person's funeral. _exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi_—to attend a person's funeral. _supremis officiis aliquem prosequi_ (_vid_ sect. VI. 11., note _Prosequi..._)—to perform the last offices of affection. _mortuum in sepulcro condere_—to entomb a dead body. _aliquem mortuum_[1] _cremare_ (Sen. 23. 84)—to burn a corpse. _pompa funebris_—a funeral procession. _funus_ or _exsequias celebrare_—to celebrate the obsequies. _ludos funebres alicui dare_—to give funeral games in honour of a person. _oratio funebris_[2]—a funeral oration. _sepulturae honore carere_—to be deprived of the rites of burial. _iustis exsequiarum carere_—to be deprived of the rites of burial. _elogium in sepulcro incisum_—the epitaph. _sepulcro_ (Dat.) or _in sepulcro hoc inscriptum est_—this is the inscription on his tomb... _hic situs est..._—here lies... _aliquem in rogum imponere_—to place on the funeral-pyre. _proiici inhumatum (in publicum)_—to be cast out unburied. [1] "Corpse" usually = _corpus mortui_ or simply _corpus_. _cadaver_ is a corpse which has begun to decompose. [2] For eulogy, panegyric, use _laudatio funebris_ or simply _laudatio_, cf. Mil. 13. 33; Liv. 5. 50. V. Human Life; its various Relations and Conditions 1. Circumstance—Situation—Difficulty _res humanae_ or simply _res_—human life. _haec est rerum humanarum condicio_—that is the way of the world; such is life. _sic vita hominum est_—that is the way of the world; such is life. _ita (ea lege, ea condicione) nati sumus_—this is our natural tendency, our destiny; nature compels us. _res externas_ or _humanas despicere_—to despise earthly things. _res humanas infra se positas arbitrari_—to feel superior to the affairs of life. _meliore (deteriore) condicione esse, uti_—to find one's circumstances altered for the better (the worse). _condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis_—the position of the lower classes. _res meae meliore loco, in meliore causa sunt_—my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter. _meliorem in statum redigor_—my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter. _aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere_—to restore a man to his former position. _in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate_—under such unfavourable circumstances. _res dubiae, perditae, afflictae_—a critical position; a hopeless state of affairs. _in angustias adducere aliquem_—to place some one in an embarrassing position. _in angustiis, difficultatibus, esse_ or _versari_—to be in a dilemma; in difficulties. _angustiis premi, difficultatibus affici_—to be in a dilemma; in difficulties. _agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo_—so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers. _res ita est, ita (sic) se habet_—the facts are these; the matter stands thus. _eadem (longe alia) est huius rei ratio_—the case is exactly similar (entirely different). _hoc longe aliter, secus est_—this is quite another matter. _res (ita) fert_—circumstances make this necessary; the exigencies of the case are these. _pro re (nata), pro tempore_—according to circumstances. _pro tempore et pro re_—according to circumstances. _res eo_ or _in eum locum deducta est, ut..._—the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that... _quo loco res tuae sunt?_—how are you getting on? _eadem est causa mea_ or _in eadem causa sum_—my circumstances have not altered. _si quid (humanitus) mihi accidat_ or _acciderit_—if anything should happen to me; if I die. _quae cum ita sint_—under such circumstances. _utcumque res ceciderit_—whatever happens; in any case. 2. Commencement—End—Result _initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re_—to begin with a thing. _initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)_—to commence a thing. _ab exiguis initiis proficisci_—to start from small beginnings. _parare_ with Inf.—to prepare to do a thing. _aggredi ad aliquid faciendum_—to prepare to do a thing. _incunabula_[1] _doctrinae_—the origin, first beginnings of learning. _finem facere alicuius rei_—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing. _finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei_—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing. _ad finem aliquid adducere_—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing. _ad exitum aliquid perducere_—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing. _finem habere_—to come to an end. _aliquid (bene, prospere) succedit_ or _procedit_ (opp. _parum procedere, non succedere_)—the matter progresses favourably, succeeds. _eventum, exitum (felicem) habere_—to turn out (well); to result (satisfactorily). _quorsum haec res cadet_ or _evadet?_—what will be the issue, end, consequence of the matter? _ad irritum redigere aliquid_—to frustrate, nullify. _res aliter cecidit ac putaveram_—the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development. _quid illo fiet?_—what will become of him? _quid huic homini_ (also _hoc homine_) _faciam?_—what am I to do with this fellow? [1] _incunabula_ literally swaddling-clothes. _cunabula_, cradle, is not used in this metaphorical sense except in post-Augustan Latin. 3. Cause—Motive—Origin _causam afferre_—to quote as a reason; give as excuse. _iustis de_[1] _causis_—for valid reasons. _magnae (graves) necessariae causae_—cogent, decisive reasons. _non sine causa_—on good grounds; reasonably. _quid causae fuit cur...?_—how came it that...? _causa posita est in aliqua re_—the motive, cause, is to be found in... _causa repetenda est ab aliqua re_ (not _quaerenda_)—the motive, cause, is to be found in... _multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid_ or _ut..._—I was induced by several considerations to... _causam interponere_ or _interserere_—to interpose, put forward an argument, a reason. _praetendere, praetexere aliquid_—to make something an excuse, pretext. _causam idoneam nancisci_—to find a suitable pretext. _per causam_ (with Gen.)—under the pretext, pretence of... _causae rerum et consecutiones_—cause and effect. _causae extrinsecus allatae_ (opp. _in ipsa re positae_)—extraneous causes. _rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae_—concatenation, interdependence of causes. _ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent_—important results are often produced by trivial causes. _ex aliqua re nasci, manare_—to originate in, arise from. _ab aliqua re proficisci_—to originate in, arise from. _ex aliqua re redundare_ (_in_ or _ad aliquid_)—to accrue in great abundance. _utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re_—untold advantages arise from a thing. _e fontibus haurire_ (opp. _rivulos consectari_ or _fontes non videre_)—to draw from the fountain-head. _haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant_—these things have the same origin. _fons et caput_ (_vid._ sect. III., note _caput..._)—source, origin. [1] Notice the order; so regularly _ea_ and _qua de causa_; but _ob eam causam_ not _eam ob causam_. For the meaning of _iustus_ cf. xvi. 5 _bellum iustum_ and xvi. 10a _praelium iustum_. 4. Regard—Importance—Influence—Power—Inclination _rationem habere alicuius rei_—to have regard for; take into consideration. _respicere_[1] _aliquid_—to have regard for; take into consideration. _quo in genere_—from this point of view; similarly. _multis rebus_ or _locis_—in many respects; in many points. _in utraque re_—in both cases; whichever way you look at it. _ceteris rebus_ (not _cetera_)—as regards the rest; otherwise. _omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus_—from every point of view; looked at in every light. _aliqua ex parte_—to a certain extent. _aliquatenus_—to a certain extent. _magni (nullius) momenti esse_—to be of great (no) importance. _momentum afferre ad aliquid_—to determine the issue of; to turn the scale. _pertinere ad aliquid_—to be essentially important to a thing.