Part 17

(c) Close Quarters

_collatis signis (viribus) pugnare_—to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters.

_tum pes cum pede collatus est_ (Liv. 28. 2)—a hand-to-hand engagement ensued.

_collato pede_ (Liv. 6. 12)—hand to hand.

_gladio comminus_ (opp. _eminus_) _rem gerere_—to fight with swords at close quarters.

_omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere_—to throw down the javelins (_pila_) and fight with the sword.

_res ad gladios vēnit_—swords must now decide the day.

_res gladiis geri coepta est_—swords must now decide the day.

_strictis gladiis in hostem ferri_—to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword.

_res ad manus venit_—the fighting is now at close quarters.

_laxatis_ (opp. _confertis_) _ordinibus pugnare_—to fight in open order.

_ferarum_[1] _ritu pugnare_—to fight like lions.

_manu fortis_—personally brave.

[1] The Latin language uses the general term (_fera_) where we use the special (lion). Similarly _pecorum modo fugiunt_ (Liv. 40. 27), where we translate "they flee like deer."

(d) Tactics—Reinforcements

_in latus hostium incurrere_—to fall upon the enemy's flank.

_circumvenire hostem aversum_ or _a tergo_ (B. G. 2. 26)—to surround the enemy from the rear.

_multitudine hostium cingi_—to be surrounded by the superior force of the enemy.

_equitatu superiorem esse_—to have the advantage in cavalry.

_parem_ (opp. _imparem_) _esse hosti_—to be a match for the enemy.

_orbem_[1] _facere_ (Sall. Iug. 97. 5)—to form a square.

_in orbem consistere_—to form a square.

_cuneum facere_ (Liv. 22. 47)—to draw up troops in a wedge-formation.

_phalangem facere_ (B. G. 1. 24)—to form a phalanx.

_phalangem perfringere_—to break through the phalanx.

_subsidia summittere_—to send up reserves.

_integros defatigatis summittere_—to send fresh troops to take the place of those wearied with fighting.

_rari dispersique pugnare_ (B. C. 1. 44)—to fight in skirmishing order.

_integri et recentes defatigatis succedunt_—fresh troops relieve the tired men.

[1] _orbis_ properly a circle, but corresponding almost exactly in its objects to our square-formation (_vid._ B. G. 4. 37, 5. 33; Sall. Iug. 97. 5). For a good account of Roman military formation see Kraner, _Uebersicht des Kriegswesens bei Caesar_, in his edition of the _Bellum Gallicum_.

(e) Successful Attack

_pellere hostem_—to repulse the enemy.

_acies hostium impellitur_—the enemy's line is repulsed.

_loco movere, depellere, deicere hostem_ (B. G. 7. 51)—to drive the enemy from his position.

_summovere_ or _reicere hostium equites_—to repel the attack of the enemy's cavalry.

_repellere, propulsare hostem_—to repulse an attack.

_undique premi, urgeri_ (B. G. 2. 26)—to be pressed on all sides.

_prosternere, profligare hostem_—to rout the enemy.

(f) Retreat—Flight—Pursuit

_signa receptui canunt_—the retreat is sounded.

_receptui canitur_ (B. G. 7. 47)—the retreat is sounded.

_pedem referre_—to retire (without turning one's back on the enemy).

_equitatus tutum receptum dat_—the cavalry covers the retreat.

_se recipere_ (B. G. 7. 20)—to withdraw one's forces.

_loco excedere_—to abandon one's position.

_in fugam dare, conicere hostem_—to put the enemy to flight.

_fugare hostem_—to put the enemy to flight.

_fundere hostium copias_—to rout the enemy's forces.

_caedere et fundere hostem_—to utterly rout the enemy.

_fundere et fugare hostem_—to utterly rout the enemy.

_prae se agere hostem_—to drive the enemy before one.

_fugam facere_ (Sall. Iug. 53)—(1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight.

_terga vertere_ or _dare_—to flee, run away.

_terga dare hosti_—to run away from the enemy.

_fugae se mandare_ (B. G. 2. 24)—to take to flight.

_fugam capessere, capere_—to take to flight.

_se dare in fugam, fugae_—to take to flight.

_se conicere, se conferre in fugam_—to take to flight.

_fuga salutem petere_—to seek safety in flight.

_fuga effusa, praeceps_ (Liv. 30. 5)—headlong flight.

_pecorum modo fugere_ (Liv. 40. 27)—to flee like deer, sheep.

_arma abicere_—to throw away one's arms.

_praecipitem se fugae mandare_—to flee headlong.

_ex (in) fuga dissipati_ or _dispersi_ (B. G. 2. 24)—soldiers routed and dispersed.

_hostes insequi, prosequi_—to pursue the enemy.

_hostes (fusos) persequi_—to follow up and harass the enemy when in flight.

_hostes assequi, consequi_—to overtake the enemy.

_fugientibus instare_—to press the fugitives.

_tergis hostium inhaerere_—to be on the heels of the enemy.

_fugam hostium reprimere_ (B. G. 3. 14)—to bring the flying enemy to a stand.

_excipere aliquem fugientem_—to cut off some one's flight.

_magna caedes hostium fugientium facta est_—there was great slaughter of fugitives.

_capere aliquem vivum_—to take a person alive.

_effugere, elābi e manibus hostium_—to escape from the hands of the enemy.

_dimittere e manibus hostes_—to let the enemy escape.

_eripere aliquem e manibus hostium_—to rescue some one from the hands of the enemy.

_se fuga recipere_ (B. G. 1. 11)—to save oneself by flight.

(g) Defeat—Massacre—Wounds—Losses

_proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere_—to be defeated in fight, lose the battle.

_cladem hostibus afferre, inferre_—to inflict a defeat on the enemy.

_cladem accipere_—to suffer a defeat.

_ingentem caedem edere_ (Liv. 5. 13)—to cause great slaughter, carnage.

_stragem edere, facere_—to massacre.

_omnia strata sunt ferro_—all have perished by the sword.

_hostes, exercitum delere, concīdere_—to annihilate, cut up the enemy, an army.

_hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere_ (Liv. 9. 26)—to absolutely annihilate the enemy.

_hostium copias occidione occīdere_ (Liv. 2. 51)—to absolutely annihilate the enemy.

_vulnus infligere alicui_—to wound a person (also used metaphorically).

_mortiferam plagam alicui infligere_—to inflict a mortal wound on some one.

_vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere_—to be (seriously, mortally) wounded.

_multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus_ (B. G. 1. 50)—after many had been wounded on both sides.

_vulneribus confectus_—weakened by wounds.

_vulnera (cicatrices) adversa_ (opp. _aversa_)—wounds (scars) on the breast.

_vulnera adverso corpore accepta_—wounds (scars) on the breast.

_refricare_[1] _vulnus, cicatricem obductam_—to open an old wound.

_ex vulnere mori_ (Fam. 10. 33)—to die of wounds.

_magno cum detrimento_—with great loss.

_nostri circiter centum ceciderunt_—about a hundred of our men fell.

_ad unum omnes_[2] _perierunt_—they perished to a man.

[1] _refricare_ is also used metaphorically in the sense of renewing, recalling, e.g. _dolorem_ (De Or. 2. 48); _memoriam_ (Phil. 3. 7. 18); _desiderium_ (Fam. 5. 17. 4).

[2] The phrase _ad unum omnes_, to a man, without exception, occurs De Am. 23. 86; Fam. 12. 14; Liv. 2. 55; and without _omnes_, Fam. 10. 16; B. C. 3. 14.

11. Victory—Triumph

_exercitus victor_—the victorious army.

_superiorem_ (opp. _inferiorem_), _victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere_—to come off victorious.

_victoriam adipisci, parere_—to gain a victory, win a battle.

_victoriam ferre, referre_—to gain a victory, win a battle.

_proelio vincere_—to gain a victory, win a battle.

_victoriam reportare ab hoste_—to gain a victory over the enemy.

_victoriam praecipere (animo)_ (Liv. 10. 26)—to consider oneself already victor.

_victoriam exploratam dimittere_—to let a sure victory slip through one's hands.

_sicut parta iam atque explorata victoria_—as if the victory were already won.

_victoriam conclamare_ (B. G. 5. 37)—to raise a shout of victory.

_victoriam_ or _de victoria gratulari alicui_—to congratulate a person on his victory.

_victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit_ (Liv. 23. 30)—the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought.

_triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)_—to triumph over some one.

_triumphum_[1] _agere de_ or _ex aliquo_ or c. Gen. (_victoriae, pugnae_)—to triumph over some one.

_per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere_—to lead some one in triumph.

_triumphum senatus Africano decernit_ (Fin. 4. 9. 22)—the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph.

[1] E.g. _triumphum agere Boiorum_ (Liv.); _Pharsaliae pugnae_ (Cic.); _de Liguribus_ (Liv.); _ex Aequis_ (Liv.) For other phrases cf. _triumphum postulare, imperare; triumphum tertium deportare; triumphum consulis celebrare_.

12. Truce—Peace—Treaties—Alliance

_indutias facere_ (Phil. 8. 7)—to make a truce.

_indutias violare_—to break a truce.

_ius gentium violare_—to violate the law of nations.

_agere cum aliquo de pace_—to treat with some one about peace.

_pacem conciliare_ (Fam. 10. 27)—to bring about a peace.

_pacem facere cum aliquo_—to make peace with some one.

_pacem dirimere, frangere_—to break the peace.

_his condicionibus_—on these terms.

_pacis condiciones ferre_ (not _proponere_)—to propose terms of peace.

_pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui_ (Liv. 29. 12)—to dictate the terms of peace to some one.

_pacis condiciones accipere, subire_ (opp. _repudiare, respuere_)—to accept the terms of the peace.

_pax convenit in eam condicionem, ut..._—peace is concluded on condition that...

_summa pax_—deep peace.

_captivos permutare, commutare_—to exchange prisoners.

_captivos redimere_ (Off. 2. 18)—to ransom prisoners.

_captivos sine pretio reddere_—to restore prisoners without ransom.

_obsides dare_—to give hostages.

_obsides civitatibus imperare_—to compel communities to provide hostages.

_pactionem facere cum aliquo_ (Sall. Iug. 40)—to conclude a treaty with some one.

_ex pacto, ex foedere_—according to treaty.

_foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire_—to conclude a treaty, an alliance.

_foedus frangere, rumpere, violare_—to violate a treaty, terms of alliance.

_socium aliquem asciscere_ (B. G. 1. 5)—to make some one one's ally.

_in amicitia populi Romani esse_ (Liv. 22. 37)—to be on friendly terms with the Roman people.

_a senatu amicus_[1] _appellatus est_ (B. G. 1. 3)—he received from the senate the title of friend.

[1] _amicus_, the friend of the Roman people, distinct from _socius_, an ally; a _socius_ was always _amicus_, but not necessarily _vice versa_. The title _amicus populi Romani_ was granted by the senate to foreign princes in recognition of some signal service.

13. Conquest—Submission

_terra potiri_—to conquer a country.

_terram suae dicionis facere_—to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

_populum in potestatem suam redigere_ (B. G. 2. 34)—to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

_populum in deditionem venire cogere_—to reduce a country to subjection to oneself.

_populum in deditionem accipere_—to accept the submission of a people.

_populum perdomare, subigere_—to subjugate a nation.

_populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere_ (not _sibi_ by itself)—to make oneself master of a people, country.

_se imperio alicuius subicere_ (not _alicui_)—to make one's submission to some one.

_in deditionem venire_ (without _alicui_)—to make one's submission to some one.

_in alicuius potestatem se permittere_—to make one's submission to some one.

_sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse_—to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

_subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio_ or _dicioni alicuius_ (not simply _alicui_)—to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

_in potestate, in dicione alicuius esse_—to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.

_qui imperio subiecti sunt_—subjects.

_aliquem ad officium_ (cf. sect. X. 7, note _officium..._) _reducere_ (Nep. Dat. 2. 3)—to reduce a people to their former obedience.

_aliquem in officio continere_—to keep some one in subjection.

_in officio manere, permanere_—to remain in subjection.

_Asiam in provinciae formam (in provinciam) redigere_ (B. G. 1. 45)—to make Asia into a Roman province.

_Asia populi Romani facta est_—Asia was made subject to Rome.

_gentem ad internecionem redigere_ or _adducere_ (B. G. 2. 28)—to completely annihilate a nation.

XVII. Shipping

1. Naval Affairs in General

_navis actuaria_—a cutter.

_navis longa_—a man-of-war.

_navis oneraria_—a transport or cargo-boat.

_navis mercatoria_—a merchantman.

_oppidum maritimum_—a seaport town.

_navibus plurimum posse_—to have a powerful navy.

_rebus maritimis multum valere_—to have a powerful navy.

_navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere_—to build a ship, a fleet.

_navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere_—to equip a boat, a fleet.

_navem deducere_ (_vid._ sect. XII. 1, note _Notice too..._)—to launch a boat.

_navem subducere (in aridum)_—to haul up a boat.

_navem reficere_—to repair a boat.

_navem conscendere, ascendere_—to embark.

_exercitum in naves imponere_ (Liv. 22. 19)—to embark an army.

_milites in terram, in terra exponere_—to disembark troops.

_classiarii_[1] (B. C. 3. 100)—marines.

_nautae, remiges_—sailors, rowers.

_vectores_ (Phil. 7. 9. 27)—passengers.

_naves annotinae_—ships of last year.

[1] Also _classici milites, classica legio_ (Liv. 21. 41; 22. 19). The marines were recruited from the lowest classes (_capite censi_) and from the _liberti_. The rowers were slaves; the ordinary sailors were _socii navales_.

2. Voyage—Shipwreck—Landing

_solvere_ (B. G. 4. 28)—to weigh anchor, sail.

_navem (naves) solvere_—to weigh anchor, sail.

_ancoram (ancoras) tollere_—to weigh anchor, sail.

_naves ex portu solvunt_—the ships sail from the harbour.

_malacia et tranquillitas_ (B. G. 3. 15)—a dead calm.

_vela in altum dare_ (Liv. 25. 27)—to put to sea.

_ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt_—the ships sail out on a fair wind.

_vela facere, pandere_—to set the sails.

_vela dare_—to set the sails.

_vela contrahere_ (also metaph.)—to furl the sails.

_oram legere_ (Liv. 21. 51)—to hug the coast.

_superare insulam, promunturium_—to double an island, cape.

_ventis reflantibus_ (Tusc. 1. 49)—with the wind against one.

_cursum dirigere aliquo_—to set one's course for a place.

_cursum tenere_ (opp. _commutare_ and _deferri_)—to hold on one's course.

_cursum conficere_ (Att. 5. 12. 1)—to finish one's voyage.

_gubernaculum tractare_—to steer.

_clavum tenere_—to steer.

_navem remis agere_ or _propellere_—to row.

_remis contendere_—to row hard.

_navem remis concitare, incitare_—to row hard.

_sustinere, inhibere remos_ (De Or. 1. 33)—to stop rowing; to easy.

_navem retro inhibere_ (Att. 13. 21)—to back water.

_naufragium facere_—to be shipwrecked.

_navis ad scopulos alliditur_ (B. C. 3. 27)—the ship strikes on the rocks.

_vento se dare_—to run before the wind.

_in litus eici_ (B. G. 5. 10)—to be stranded.

_deferri, deici aliquo_—to be driven out of one's course; to drift.

_tempestate abripi_—to be driven out of one's course; to drift.

_procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert_—the storm drives some one on an unknown coast.

_naufragium colligere_ (Sest. 6. 15)—to collect the wreckage.

_appellere navem (ad terram, litus)_—to land (of people).

_appelli (ad oram)_ (Att. 13. 21)—to land (of ships).

_ancoras iacere_—to drop anchor.

_ancoras tollere_—to weigh anchor.

_naves ad ancoras deligare_ (B. G. 4. 29)—to make fast boats to anchors.

_naves (classem) constituere (in alto)_—to make fast boats to anchors.

_ad ancoram consistere_—to ride at anchor.

_ad ancoras deligari_—to ride at anchor.

_in ancoris esse, stare, consistere_—to ride at anchor.

_exire ex, de navi_—to land, disembark.

_exire, egredi in terram_—to land, disembark.

_escensionem facere_ (of troops)—to land, disembark.

_portu, terra prohiberi_ (B. C. 3. 15)—to be unable to land.

_litora ac portus custodia clausos tenere_—to keep the coast and harbours in a state of blockade.

_deperire_—to founder, go down.

_aestu incitato_—at high tide.

3. A Naval Battle

_navis praetoria_ (Liv. 21. 49)—the admiral's ship; the flagship.

_pugnam navalem facere_[1]—to fight a battle at sea.

_navem expedire_—to clear for action.

_navem rostro percutere_—to charge, ram a boat.

_navem expugnare_—to board and capture a boat.

_navem, classem deprimere, mergere_—to sink a ship, a fleet.

_classes concurrunt_ (Liv. 26. 39)—the fleets charge.

_copulas, manus ferreas (in navem) inicere_—to throw grappling irons on board; to board.

_in navem (hostium) transcendere_—to throw grappling irons on board; to board.

_navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere_—to capture a boat.

_vela armamentaque_—sails and rigging.

_ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum_—much damage was done by this collision.

_navigia speculatoria_—reconnoitring-vessels.

[1] For a description of a sea-fight _vid._ B. G. iii. 13-16.

APPENDIX

_ut ait Cicero_ (always in this order)—as Cicero says.

_ut Ciceronis verbis utar_—to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not _ut cum Cicerone loquar_).

_ut ita dicam_—so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression).

_ut non (nihil) dicam de..._—not to mention...

_ut plura non dicam_—to say nothing further on...

_ne dicam_—not to say... (used in avoiding a stronger expression).

_ne (quid) gravius dicam_—to say the least...

_ut breviter dicam_—to put it briefly.

_denique_—in short; to be brief.

_ne multa, quid plura? sed quid opus est plura?_—in short; to be brief.

_ut paucis (rem) absolvam_—in short; to be brief.

_ut paucis (brevi, breviter) complectar_—in short; to be brief.

_ut brevi comprehendam_—in short; to be brief.

_ut brevi praecīdam_—in short; to be brief.

_ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam_—to sum up...

_ne longum sit_—not to be prolix.

_ne longus, multus sim_—not to be prolix.

_ne diutius vos demorer_—not to be prolix.

_ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim_—not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject.

_ut levissime dicam_ (opp. _ut gravissimo verbo utar_)—to use the mildest expression.

_ut planius dicam_—to express myself more plainly.

_ut verius dicam_—to put it more exactly.

_ut semel_ or _in perpetuum dicam_—to say once for all.

_ut in eodem simili verser_—to use the same simile, illustration.

_ut hoc utar_ or _afferam_—to use this example.

_dicam quod sentio_—I will give you my true opinion.

_tantum_ or _unum illud_ or _hoc dico_—I will only say this much...

_non nego, non infitior_—I do not deny.

_hoc dici potest de aliqua re_—this can be said of..., applies to...

_hoc cadit in aliquid_—this can be said of..., applies to...

_hoc transferri potest in aliquid_—this can be said of..., applies to...

_dixi quasi praeteriens_ or _in transitu_—I said _en passant_, by the way.

_sexcenties, millies dixi_—I have said it a thousand times.

_ut supra_ (opp. _infra_) _diximus, dictum est_—as I said above.

_dici vix (non) potest_ or _vix potest dici_ (_vix_ like _non_ always before _potest_)—I cannot find words for...

_incredibile dictu est_—it sounds incredible.

_supersedeo oratione_ (not _dicere_)—I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon...

_omitto dicere_—I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon...

_haec habeo dicere_ or _habeo quae dicam_—this I have to say.

_haec (fere) dixit_—he spoke (very much) as follows.

_hanc in sententiam dixit_—the tenor of his speech was this...

_mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re_—I have a few words to say on this.

_quod vere praedicare possum_—without wishing to boast, yet...

_quod non arroganter dixerim_—which I can say without offence, arrogance.

_pace tua dixerim_ or _dicere liceat_—allow me to say.

_bona (cum) venia tua dixerim_—allow me to say.

_non est huius loci_ c. Inf.—this is not the place to...

_non est hic locus, ut..._—this is not the place to...

_sed de hoc alias pluribus_—more of this another time.

_atque_ or _sed haec (quidem) hactenus_—so much for this subject...; enough has been said on...

_atque haec quidem de..._—so much for this subject...; enough has been said on...

_ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est_—so much for this subject...; enough has been said on...

_haec (quidem) ille_—this much he said.

_haec Ciceronis fere_—this is very much what Cicero said.

_atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est_—there is this also to notice.

_ad reliqua pergamus, progrediamur_—to pass on.

_hic (ille) locus obscurus est_—this passage is obscure.

_hoc in medio relinquamus_—let us leave that undecided.

_sed lābor longius_—but that takes us too far.

_non id ad vivum reseco_ (Lael. 5. 8)—I do not take that too strictly.

_nonnulla praedīcam_—I wish to say a few words in preface.

_ut omittam_ c. Accus.—putting aside, except.

_cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab_—putting aside, except.

_praeter_ c. Accus.—putting aside, except.

_ut praetermittam_ c. Acc. c. Inf.—to except the fact that...

_praeterquam quod_ or _nisi quod_—to except the fact that...

_hoc in promptu est_—it is clear, evident.

_hoc in aperto est_—it is clear, evident.

_hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius_—this is as clear as daylight.

_hoc facile intellegi potest_—that is self-evident, goes without saying.

_hoc per se intellegitur_—that is self-evident, goes without saying.

_hoc sua sponte appāret_—that is self-evident, goes without saying.

_ex quo intellegitur_ or _intellegi potest, debet_—from this it appears, is apparent.

_ex quo perspicuum est_—from this it appears, is apparent.

_inde patet, appāret_—from this it appears, is apparent.

_apparet et exstat_—it is quite manifest.

_exstat atque eminet_—it is quite manifest.

_si quaeris, si verum quaerimus_—to put it exactly.

_id quod maximum, gravissimum est_—the main point.

_quod caput est_—the main point.

_quod maius est_—what is more important.

_testis est, testatur, declarat_—this shows, proves...

_documento, indicio est_ (without demonstr. pron. but _cui rei documento, indicio est_)—this shows, proves...

_sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem_—but this is not to the point.

_aliquid (τι) dicis_ (opp. _nihil dicis_)—there is something in what you say; you are more or less right.

_est istuc quidem aliquid_—there is something in what you say; you are more or less right.

_audio, fateor_—I admit it, say on.

_ain tu?_—do you think so? are you in earnest?

_nonne?_—is it not so?

_quorsum haec (dicis)?_—what do you mean?

_male_ (opp. _bene_) _narras (de)_—I am sorry to hear...

_monstra dicis, narras_—it is incredible.

_clarius loquere_—speak up, please.

_mihi crede_ (not _crede mihi_)—believe me.

_per me licet_—I have no objection.

_rem acu tetigisti_—you have hit the nail on the head.

_ita prorsus existimo_—that is exactly what I think.

_ita res est_—it is so.

_res ita (aliter) se habet_—the matter stands so (otherwise).

_nec mirum, minime mirum (id quidem), quid mirum?_—no wonder.

_neque id mirum est_ or _videri debet_—there is nothing strange in that.

_et recte (iure, merito)_—quite rightly.

_et recte (iure) quidem_—quite rightly.

_recte, iure id quidem_—quite rightly.

_neque immerito (iniuria)_—and rightly too.

_neque id immerito (iniuria)_—and rightly too.

_meo (tuo, suo) iure_—with perfect right.

_iusto iure_—with perfect right.

_iustissime, rectissime_—legitimately; with the fullest right.

_optimo iure_ (cf. _summo iure_, sect. XV. 1).—legitimately; with the fullest right.

_macte virtute_ (_esto_ or _te esse iubeo_)—good luck to you.

_sed manum de tabula!_—but enough!