Part 14

_principes rem publicam administrantes_ or simply _principes_—statesmen.

_prudentia (civilis)_ (De Or. 1. 19. 85)—statesmanship; political wisdom.

_homo in re publica exercitatus_—an experienced politician.

_res civiles_—political questions.

_plus in re publica videre_—to possess great political insight.

_longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae_ (De Amic. 12. 40)—to foresee political events long before.

_alicuius in re publica_ or _capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut..._—a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards...

_rei publicae muneribus orbatus_—banished from public life.

_gerendis negotiis orbatus_ (Fin. 5. 20. 57)—banished from public life.

[1] Cf. _tres viri rei publicae constituendae_.

[2] There being no adjective in Latin for "political," we have to make use of periphrasis with such words as _res publica, civilis, popularis_, etc.

2. Civil Rights—Rank

_civitate donare aliquem_ (Balb. 3. 7)—to make a man a citizen.

_in civitatem recipere, ascribere, asciscere aliquem_—to enroll as a citizen, burgess.

_civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire_—to present a person with the freedom of the city.

_civitatem mutare_ (Balb. 11. 27)—to naturalise oneself as a citizen of another country.

_generis antiquitate florere_—to be of noble family.

_nobilitati favere_ (Sest. 9. 21)—to be a friend of the aristocracy.

_nobilitatis fautorem, studiosum esse_—to be a friend of the aristocracy.

_homo novus_[1]—a parvenu (a man no member of whose family has held curule office).

_ordo senatorius (amplissimus)_—the senatorial order.

_ordo equester (splendidissimus)_—the equestrian order; the knights.

_summo loco natus_—of high rank.

_nobili, honesto, illustri loco_ or _genere natus_—of illustrious family.

_humili, obscuro loco natus_—of humble, obscure origin.

_humilibus (obscuris) parentibus natus_—of humble, obscure origin.

_infimo loco natus_—from the lowest classes.

_equestri loco natus_ or _ortus_—a knight by birth.

_summi (et) infimi_ (Rep. 1. 34. 53)—high and low.

_homines omnis generis_—people of every rank.

_homines omnium ordinum et aetatum_—people of every rank and age.

_homo plebeius, de plebe_—one of the people.

_traduci ad plebem_ (Att. 1. 18. 4)—to get oneself admitted as a plebeian.

_transitio ad plebem_ (Brut. 16. 62)—to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order.

_traductio ad plebem_—to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order.

_unus de_ or _e multis_—one of the crowd; a mere individual.

_faex populi, plebis, civitatis_—the dregs of the people.

_infima fortuna_ or _condicio servorum_—a degraded, servile condition.

_unus e togatorum numero_—an ordinary, average Roman citizen.

[1] A _novus homo_ by taking office becomes for his descendants _princeps nobilitatis_ (Cic. Brut. 14) or _auctor generis_ (Leg. Agr. 2. 35).

3. Dignity—Position—Honours—Pre-Eminence—(cf. v. 17)

_dignitatem suam tueri, defendere, retinere, obtinere_—to guard, maintain one's dignity.

_dignitati suae servire, consulere_—to be careful of one's dignity.

_aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere_ (B. G. 7. 39)—to elevate to the highest dignity.

_principem (primum), secundum locum dignitatis obtinere_—to occupy the first, second position in the state.

_in altissimo dignitatis gradu collocatum, locatum, positum esse_—to occupy a very high position in the state.

_aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare_ (Dom. 37. 98)—to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position.

_aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere_—to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6).

_aliquem gradu movere, depellere_ or _de gradu (statu) deicere_—to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6).

_dignitatis gradum ascendere_—to attain a position of dignity.

_ad honores ascendere_—to rise, mount to the honours of office.

_amplissimos honorum gradus assequi, adipisci_—to reach the highest grade of office.

_ad summos honores pervenire_ (cf. also sect. V. 17)—to attain to the highest offices.

_vir defunctus honoribus_—a man who has held every office (up to the consulship).

_principatum tenere, obtinere_—to occupy the leading position.

_de principatu deiectus_ (B. G. 7. 63)—deposed from one's high position.

_contendere cum aliquo de principatu_ (Nep. Arist. 1)—to contend with some one for the pre-eminence.

_primas_ (e.g. _sapientiae_) _alicui deferre, tribuere, concedere_—to give the palm, the first place (for wisdom) to some one.

4. Public Meetings—Suffrage

_convocare populi concilium_ and _populum ad concilium_—to summon an assembly of the people.

_contionem advocare_ (Sall. Iug. 33. 3)—to summon an assembly of the people.

_agere cum populo_[1] (Leg. 3. 4. 10)—to submit a formal proposition to the people.

_concilium indicere, habere, dimittere_—to fix the day for, to hold, to dismiss a meeting.

_comitia habere_—to hold a meeting of the people.

_comitia magistratibus creandis_—meetings for the election of officers.

_comitiis_ (Abl.) _convenire_—to meet for elections.

_comitiis consulem creari_—to be chosen consul at the elections.

_suffragium ferre_ (_vid._ sect. VI. 4, note _Not sententiam..._)—to vote (in the popular assembly).

_multitudinis suffragiis rem permittere_—to leave a matter to be decided by popular vote.

[1] Aulus Gellius (13. 16. 3) explains the difference between _cum populo agere_ and _contionem habere_; the former = _rogare quid populum quod suffragiis suis aut iubeat aut vetet_. Cf. Liv. 22. 10. 2 _velitis iubeatisne haec sic fieri?_ also 21. 17. 4. _habere contionem (conventio = countio = contio)_ is equivalent to _verba facere ad populum sine ulla rogatione_.

5. Laws—Bills

_legem, rogationem_[1] _promulgare_ (Liv. 33. 46)—to bring a bill before the notice of the people.

_legem ferre_ or simply _ferre ad populum, ut..._—to propose a law in the popular assembly.

_legem suadere_ (opp. _dissuadere_)—to support a bill (before the people).

_pro lege dicere_—to support a bill (before the people).

_legem rogare_ or _rogare populum_ (cf. sect. XVI. 4, note _Aulus Gellius..._)—to formally propose a law to the people.

_legem perferre_ (Liv. 33. 46)—to carry a law (said of the magistrate).

_lex perfertur_—a law is adopted.

_legem antiquare_[2] (opp. _accipere, iubere_)—to reject a bill.

_legem sciscere_ (Planc. 14. 35)—to vote for a law.

_legem iubere_—to ratify a law (used of the people).

_legem sancire_—to let a bill become law (of the people and senate).

_Solo lege sanxit, ut_ or _ne_—Solo ordained by law that...

_Solonis legibus sanctum erat, ut_ or _ne_—the laws of Solon ordained that...

_legem abrogare_[3] (Att. 3. 23. 2)—to replace an old law by a new.

_legem tollere_ (Leg. 2. 12. 31)—to abolish a law.

_legi intercedere_—to protest against a law (used of the veto, _intercessio_, of plebeian tribunes).

_legem proponere in publicum_—to bring a law before the notice of the people.

_edictum proponere_ (Att. 2. 21. 4)—to publish, post up an edict.

_legem in aes incīdere_—to engrave a law upon a brazen tablet.

_lex rata est_ (opp. _irrita_)—a law is valid.

_legem ratam esse iubere_—to declare a law valid.

_a lege discedere_—to transgress a law.

_salvis legibus_ (_vid._ sect. X. 7, note _Notice..._)—without breaking the law.

_lex_[4] _iubet, vetat (dilucide, planissime)_—the law orders, forbids (expressly, distinctly).

_in lege scriptum est_, or simply _est_—the law says...

_sententia_ or _voluntas legis_—the spirit of the law.

_leges scribere, facere, condere, constituere_ (not _dare_)—to make laws (of a legislator).

_legum scriptor, conditor, inventor_—a legislator.

_qui leges scribit_ (not _legum lator_)[5]—a legislator.

_in legem iurare_ (Sest. 16. 37)—to swear obedience to a law.

_lege teneri_—to be bound by a law.

_legibus solvere_—to free from legal obligations.

_ea lege, ut_—on condition of...

_aliquid contra legem est_—a thing is illegal.

_acta rescindere, dissolvere_ (Phil. 13. 3. 5)—to declare a magistrate's decisions null and void.

_in album referre_ (De Or. 2. 12. 52)—to record in the official tablets (_Annales maximi_).

[1] A _rogatio_ had to be posted up in some public place for _trinum nundinum (tempus)_ (Phil. 5. 3. 8), i.e. for seventeen days, _nundinae (novem, dies)_ being a holiday, fair, held every ninth day.

[2] On the voting-tablets (_tabellae_) used in the _comitia_ was written either A (_antiquo_) to reject the bill, V * R (_uti rogas_) to pass it; in judicial questions A (_absolvo_), C (_condemno_), N * L (_non liquet_).

[3] _legi_ or _de lege derogare_ = to reject a clause in it; _legem abrogare_, to nullify a law by passing another which contradicts it; _multam, poenam inrogare alicui_, to inflict a fine on some one with the approval of the people; _pecuniam erogare (ex aerario in classem)_, to draw money from the treasury and distribute it according to the wishes of the people.

[4] _lex_ is often personified in this way.

[5] _legis lator_ = the man who proposes a law.

6. Popular Favour—Influence—Unpopularity

_aura favoris popularis_ (Liv. 22. 26)—popular favour; popularity.

_populi favor, gratia popularis_—popular favour; popularity.

_aura popularis_ (Harusp. 18. 43)—popular favour; popularity.

_auram popularem captare_ (Liv. 3. 33)—to court popularity.

_gratiam populi quaerere_—to court popularity.

_aurae popularis homo_ (Liv. 42. 30)—a popular man.

_ventum popularem quendam (in aliqua re) quaerere_—to strive to gain popular favour by certain means.

_gratiosum esse_ (opp. _invisum esse_)—to be popular, influential.

_opibus, gratia, auctoritate valere, florere_—to have great influence.

_opes, gratiam, potentiam consequi_—to acquire influence.

_gratiam inire apud aliquem, ab aliquo_ (cf. sect. V. 12)—to gain some one's favour.

_crescere ex aliquo_—to raise oneself by another's fall.

_crescere ex invidia senatoria_—to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself.

_iacēre_ (_vid._ sect. VII. 1, note _iacēre..._)—to be politically annihilated.

_existimatio populi, hominum_—public opinion.

_multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere_—to be always considering what people think.

_invidia_—unpopularity.

_offensio populi, popularis_—unpopularity.

_offensa populi voluntas_—unpopularity.

_invidia dictatoria_ (Liv. 22. 26)—the feeling against the dictator.

_ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere_ (Liv. 22. 26)—to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular.

7. Party-Spirit—Neutrality—Politics—Aristocracy—Democracy

_partes_ (usually of plebeians)—a party; faction.

_factio_ (of aristocrats)—a party; faction.

_partium studium_, also simply _studia_—party-spirit.

_partium studiosum esse_—to be a strong partisan.

_certamen partium_—party-strife.

_contentio partium_ (Phil. 5. 12. 32)—party-strife.

_partium studiis divisum esse_—to be torn by faction.

_consiliorum in re publica socius_—a political ally.

_alicuius partes (causam)_ or simply _aliquem sequi_—to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of...

_alicuius partibus studere_—to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of...

_ab (cum) aliquo stare_ (Brut. 79. 273)—to be on a person's side (not _ab alicuius partibus_).

_alicuius studiosum esse_—to be a follower of some one.

_cum aliquo facere_ (Sull. 13. 36)—to take some one's side.

_nullius_ or _neutrius_ (of two) _partis esse_—to be neutral.

_in neutris partibus esse_—to be neutral.

_neutram partem sequi_—to be neutral.

_medium esse_—to be neutral.

_medium se gerere_—to be neutral.

_a partibus rei publicae animus liber_ (Sall. Cat. 4. 2)—an independent spirit.

_idem de re publica sentire_—to have the same political opinions.

_ab aliquo in re publica dissentire_—to hold different views in politics.

_ex rei publicae dissensione_—owing to political dissension.

_in duas partes discedere_ (Sall. Iug. 13. 1)—to divide into two factions.

_studio ad rem publicam ferri_—to throw oneself heart and soul into politics.

_se civilibus fluctibus committere_—to enter the whirlpool of political strife.

_imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium_—monarchy.

_optimatium dominatus_—aristocracy (as a form of government).

_civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur_—aristocracy (as a form of government).

_boni cives, optimi, optimates_, also simply _boni_ (opp. _improbi_); _illi, qui optimatium causam agunt_—the aristocracy (as a party in politics).

_principes_ or _primores_—the aristocracy (as a leading class in government).

_nobiles; nobilitas; qui nobilitate generis excellunt_—the aristocracy (as a social class).

_paucorum dominatio_ or _potentia_—oligarchy.

_multitudinis dominatus_ or _imperium_—government by the mob.

_spiritus patricii_ (Liv. 4. 42)—patrician arrogance; pride of caste.

_homines graves_ (opp. _leves_)—men of sound opinions.

_homo popularis_—a democrat.

_homo vere popularis_ (Catil. 4. 5. 9)—a man who genuinely wishes the people's good.

_homo florens in populari ratione_—a democratic leader.

_imperium populi_ or _populare, civitas_ or _res publica popularis_—democracy.

_causam popularem suscipere_ or _defendere_—to take up the cause of the people, democratic principles.

_populi causam agere_—to be a leading spirit of the popular cause.

_patriae amantem (amantissimum) esse_ (Att. 9. 22)—to be (very) patriotic.

_mundanus, mundi civis et incola_ (Tusc. 5. 37)—a citizen of the world; cosmopolitan.

8. Demagogy—Revolution—Rebellion—Anarchy

_plebis dux, vulgi turbator, civis turbulentus, civis rerum novarum cupidus_—a demagogue, agitator.

_iactatio, concitatio popularis_—popular agitation.

_artes populares_—tricks of a demagogue.

_populariter agere_—to play the demagogue.

_conversio rei publicae_ (Div. 2. 2. 6)—revolution.

_homines seditiosi, turbulenti_ or _novarum rerum cupidi_—revolutionists.

_novis rebus studere_—to hold revolutionary opinions.

_novarum rerum cupidum esse_—to hold revolutionary opinions.

_novas res moliri_ (Verr. 2. 125)—to plot a revolution.

_contra rem publicam sentire_—to foster revolutionary projects.

_contra rem publicam facere_—to be guilty of high treason.

_a re publica deficere_—to betray the interests of the state.

_plebem concitare, sollicitare_—to stir up the lower classes.

_seditionem facere, concitare_—to cause a rebellion.

_seditio erumpit_[1]—a rebellion breaks out.

_coniurare (inter se) de_ c. Gerund. or _ut..._—to form a conspiracy.

_coniurationem facere_ (Catil. 2. 4. 6)—to form a conspiracy.

_conspirare cum aliquo (contra aliquem)_—to conspire with some one.

_rem publicam labefactare_—to shake the stability of the state.

_rem publicam perturbare_—to throw the state into confusion.

_statum rei publicae convellere_—to endanger the existence of the state.

_rem publicam vexare_—to damage the state.

_rem publicam funditus evertere_—to completely overthrow the government, the state.

_omnes leges confundere_—to upset the whole constitution.

_omnia turbare ac miscere_—to cause universal disorder.

_perturbatio omnium rerum_ (Flacc. 37)—general confusion; anarchy.

_omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur_ (B. C. 1. 6. 8)—anarchy reigns supreme.

_leges nullae_—lawlessness; anarchy.

_iudicia nulla_—lawlessness; anarchy.

_res fluit ad interregnum_—things seem tending towards an interregnum.

_non nullus odor est dictaturae_ (Att. 4. 18)—there are whispers of the appointment of a dictator.

_tumultum sedare_ (B. C. 3. 18. 3)—to quell an outbreak.

_concitatam multitudinem reprimere_—to allay the excitement of the mob.

_plebem continere_—to hold the people in one's power, in check.

[1] But _bellum exardescit_, war breaks out.

9. Proscription—Confiscation—Banishment—Amnesty

_proscribere aliquem_ or _alicuius possessiones_—to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw.

_aqua et igni interdicere alicui_—to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw.

_in proscriptorum numerum referre aliquem_ (Rosc. Am. 11. 32)—to place a person's name on the list of the proscribed.

_e proscriptorum numero eximere aliquem_—to erase a person's name from the list of the proscribed.

_bona alicuius publicare_ (B. G. 5. 54)—to confiscate a person's property.

_bona alicui restituere_—to restore to a person his confiscated property.

_in exsilium eicere_ or _expellere aliquem_—to banish a person, send him into exile.

_ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem_—to banish a person, send him into exile.

_de, e civitate aliquem eicere_—to banish a person, send him into exile.

_exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem_ (Mil. 37. 101)—to expel a person from the city, country.

_e patria exire iubere aliquem_—to banish a man from his native land.

_patria carere_—to be in exile.

_interdicere alicui Italiā_—to banish a person from Italy.

_aliquem exsilio afficere, multare_—to punish by banishment.

_in exsilium ire, pergere, proficisci_—to go into exile.

_exsulatum ire_ or _abire_—to go into exile.

_solum vertere, mutare_ (Caecin. 34. 100)—to leave one's country (only used of exiles).

_exsulare_ (Div. 2. 24. 52)—to live in exile.

_in exsilio esse, exsulem esse_—to live in exile.

_aliquem (in patriam) restituere_—to recall from exile.

_in patriam redire_—to return from exile.

_ante actarum (praeteritarum) rerum oblivio_ or simply _oblivio_—amnesty (ἀμνηρτία).

_omnem memoriam discordiarum oblivione sempiterna delere_ (Phil. 1. 1. 1)—to proclaim a general amnesty.

_postliminium_ (De Or. 1. 40. 181)—a returning from exile to one's former privileges.

10. Power—Monarchy—Royalty

_imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui_[1]—to confer supreme power on a person.

_rem publicam alicui permittere_—to give some one unlimited power in state affairs.

_imperium tenere (in aliquem)_—to have power over some one.

_imperium obtinere_—to maintain power, authority.

_principatu deici_ (B. G. 7. 63)—to be deposed from one's leading position.

_cum imperio esse_ (cf. XVI. 3)—to have unlimited power; to be invested with _imperium_.

_in imperio esse_—to hold a high office (such as conferred _imperium_, i.e. _consulatus, dictatura, praetura_).

_imperium in annum prorogare_—to prolong the command for a year.

_imperium deponere_ (Rep. 2. 12. 23)—to lay down one's power.

_imperium singulare_[2]—absolute power; autocracy.

_dominari in aliquem_—to have unlimited power over a person.

_imperium, regnum, tyrannidem_[3] _occupare_—to take upon oneself absolute power.

_rerum potiri_—(1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power.

_dominatio impotens_—despotic, tyrannous rule.

_potestas immoderata, infinita_—despotic, tyrannous rule.

_tyrannidem concupiscere_—to aspire to a despotism.

_tyrannidem sibi parere aliqua re_—to establish oneself as despot, tyrant by some means.

_regnum appetere_ (B. G. 7. 4)—to aspire to the sovereignty.

_regnum adipisci_—to obtain the sovereignty, kingly office.

_alicui regnum deferre, tradere_—to invest some one with royal power.

_aliquem regem, tyrannum constituere_—to establish some one as king, tyrant.

_regem restituere_—to restore a king to his throne (not _in solium_).

_aliquem in regnum restituere_—to restore a king to his throne (not _in solium_).

_aliquem regno spoliare_ or _expellere_ (Div. 1. 22. 74)—to depose a king.

_regios spiritus sibi sumere_—to assume a despotic tone.

[1] _deferre_ in the sense "confer," "attribute," is also constructed with _ad_; when it means to bring news, give information it always takes _ad_.

[2] Cf. _certamen singulare_, a fight of one individual with another, a duel (cf. xvi. 10a). _singularis_ also has the meaning "unique," "pre-eminent," e.g. _singularis virtus_.

[3] _tyrannus, tyrannis, tyrannicus_ are rarely used in the Greek sense, irresponsible sovereign, etc., but usually mean despot, despotic, etc. The pure Latin equivalents are _rex, dominus, dominatio, imperium, regius_, or if there is emphasis on the cruelty of despots, _dominus saevus, crudelis et superba dominatio_, etc.

11. Slavery—Freedom

_servitute premi_ (Phil. 4. 1. 3)—to languish in slavery.

_liberum populum servitute afficere_—to enslave a free people.

_aliquem in servitutem redigere_—to reduce to slavery.

_alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere_—to lay the yoke of slavery on some one.

_civitatem servitute oppressam tenere_ (Dom. 51. 131)—to keep the citizens in servile subjection.

_libertatem populo eripere_—to rob a people of its freedom.

_populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati_—to grant a people its independence.

_aliquem in servitutem abducere, abstrahere_—to carry off into slavery.

_aliquem sub corona vendere_ (B. G. 3. 16)—to sell a prisoner of war as a slave.

_iugum servitutis accipere_—to submit to the yoke of slavery.

_libertas, libertatis studium_—independent spirit.

_imperium oppugnare, percellere_—to attack, overthrow a tyranny.

_ad libertatem conclamare_—to summon to liberty.

_ad arma conclamare_ (Liv. 3. 50)—to call to arms.

_vincula rumpere_—to burst one's chains.

_iugum servitutis excutere_—to shake off the yoke of slavery.

_iugum servile a cervicibus deicere_ (Phil. 1. 2. 6)—to shake off the yoke of slavery.

_servitutem exuere_ (Liv. 34. 7)—to shake off the yoke of slavery.

_iugum servile alicui demere_—to deliver some one from slavery.

_ab aliquo servitutem_ or _servitutis iugum depellere_—to deliver some one from slavery.

_dominationem_ or _dominatum refringere_—to destroy a despotism, tyranny.

_regios spiritus reprimere_ (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)—to destroy a despotism, tyranny.

_libertatem recuperare_—to recover liberty.

_rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a_ or _ex dominatione_—to deliver the state from a tyranny.

12. Revenue—Colonies—Provinces

_vectigalia redimere, conducere_—to farm the revenues.

_vectigalia exercere_ (_vid._ sect. V. 7, note _The first..._)—to collect the taxes.

_vectigalia exigere (acerbe)_—to exact the taxes (with severity).

_pecuniam cogere a civitatibus_—to extort money from the communities.

_vectigalia, tributa_[1] _pendere_—to pay taxes.

_immunis (tributorum)_ (Verr. 5. 21. 51)—exempt from taxation.

_immunitatem omnium rerum habere_—to enjoy absolute immunity.

_vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere_—to impose tribute on some one.

_tributorum multitudine premi_—to be crushed by numerous imposts.

_ager publicus_—public land; state domain.

_agros assignare_ (Leg. Agr. 1. 6. 17)—to allot land.

_pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit_—the public income from the mines.

_avertere pecuniam_ (Verr. 2. 1. 4)—to embezzle money.

_peculatum facere_ (Rab. Perd. 3. 8)—to embezzle money.

_rem publicam quaestui habere_—to enrich oneself at the expense of the state.

_coloniam deducere in aliquem locum_ (_vid._ sect. XII. 1, note _Notice too..._)—to found a colony somewhere.

_colōnos mittere_ (Div. 1. 1. 3)—to send out colonists.

_coloniam constituere_ (Leg. Agr. 1. 5. 16)—to found a colony.

_provinciam_[2] _alicui decernere, mandare_—to entrust some one with an official duty, a province.

_provincias sortiri_ (Liv. 38. 35)—to draw lots for the provinces.

_alicui Syria (sorte) obvēnit, obtigit_—the province of Syria has fallen to some one's lot.

_provincias inter se comparant_—(the magistrates) arrange among themselves the administration of the provinces, the offical spheres of duty.

_in provinciam proficisci_ (Liv. 38. 35)—to set out for one's province.

_provincias permutare_—to exchange provinces.

_provinciam administrare, obtinere_—to manage, govern a province.

_provinciam obire_—to visit, traverse a province.

(_de_ or _ex_) _provincia decedere_ or simply _decedere_ (_vid._ sect. II. 4, note _Cf. especially..._)—to leave a province (at the termination of one's term of office).

[1] _vectigalia_ = indirect taxes, including, for example, _decumae_, the tenth, tithe of corn; _scriptura_, the duty on pasturage; _portorium_, harbour-toll. _tributum_ = direct tax on incomes.