CHAPTER VII.

4: _tua--ista vita_: “that life that you lead.”

5: _sed ut_: construe _sed (tecum loquar) ut misericordia (permotus esse videar)_.

6: _nulla_: stronger than _non_: “not at all,” “not a particle.”

7: _paullo ante_: “a moment ago.”

8: _frequentia_: “throng,”: cp. _frequens senatus_: “a crowded senate,”: --_necessarii_: cp. ἀναγκαῖοι. --_salutavit_: among the Romans it was customary when they saw their friends or eminent men approaching to rise up, and salute or courteously address them.

9: _post--memoriam_: “within the memory of men”: cp. Thucy. I. 7: ἀϕ᾽ οὗ Ἕλληνες μέμνηνται.

_contigit_: generally means, “it befalls” of fortunate occurences, but not always.

10: _vocis--contumeliam ... judicio taciturnitatis_: Chiasmus. --_vocis--taciturnitatis_ = _loquentium--tacitorum_: “are you waiting for reproofs from those speaking, when you are overpowered by the most solemn sentence of those, though they are silent.” The reference is to the fact that the Senate had declared Catiline _patriae hostis_, and had received him with silence on entering the Senate.

11: _quid?_ scil. _dicam_. We often find _quid? quod_ used by Cicero in rapid rhetorical questions: Madvig., 479, d. obs. 1.

12: _adventu tuo_: see note 9, § 7: _abl. time_.

13: _ista subsellia_: “the benches near you.” The seats of the senators (_subsellia_) were beneath that of the consul (_sella curulis_), which was on a platform.

14: _qui fuerunt_: “who have been often destined for slaughter by you.” --_tibi_: dat. for abl. with _abs_ = _abs te_. Distinguish _constituti sunt_ and _constituti fuerunt_.

15: _nudam atque inanem_: “completely bare:” Cicero often uses two epithets of nearly the same meaning to emphasize the idea to be conveyed.

16: _tandem_: see note 1, § 1.

§ 17.--

1: _servi--arbitraris_: a fine example of the argument _a fortiori_. The Latins call this _amplificatio_ (Quint. 8, 4, 9), the Greeks ἐνθύμημα, a rhetorical conclusion, drawn from opposites.

2: _me hercule_: either (1) _me, Hercules juvet_, or (2) _me, Hercules, juves_. We also find _me hercules_, _mehercle_, _mercule_, varieties of the same oath. For the tendency to drop _s_ final: cp. Peile (Greek and Latin Etymology, p. 355).

3: _isto pacto_: “in the way.” --_isto_ here does duty for the article or may be = _eodem_.

_omnes_: the fellow-conspirators are no longer regarded as citizens by Cicero.

4: _urbem_: scil., _relinquendam_.

5: _injuria_: “without any just cause.”

6: _offensum_ = _invisum_, _odiosum_.

7: _infestis_: another form is _infensis_: “menacing.”

8: _agnoscas_: distinguish _agnosco_, _ignosco_, _cognosco_, _recognosco_, in meaning.

9: _dubitas--vitare_: when _dubito_ means “to doubt:” _non dubito_ is properly construed with _quin_ and the subjunctive, rarely with the infinitive. But when _dubito_ means “to scruple,” “to hesitate,” and the sentence following contained the same subject, _non dubito_ is generally construed with the infinitive.

10: _mentes sensusque_: “souls and senses.”

11: _aliquo_: “to some place or other.”

12: _nunc_ = νῦν δέ, “but now, as it is,” used to contrast _actual_ and _imagined_ condition.

13: _jamdiu--cogitare_: “and for a long time has it come to the conclusion that you have been planning nothing but her ruin.” --_nihil = de nulla re_. --_parricidio_ = _interitu_, because _patria_ is regarded _communis parens_. According to Roman law _parricidium_ included the murder of intimate friends as well as of parents.

14: _verebere_: _vereor_, a religious reverence due to a superior: _pertimesco_, an excessive dread of impending calamity.

§ 18.--

1: _quae--loquitur_: a fine personification. Note the _oxymoron_ in _tacita--loquitur_.

2: _nullum_: note the emphatic positions of _nullum--nullum_.

3: _neces_: alluding to the murders which Catiline perpetrated as a partisan of Sulla, during the dictatorship of the latter.

4: _sociorum_: in 67 B.C. Catiline was propraetor of Africa. In 65 B.C. he was accused by P. Clodius Pulcher, the inveterate enemy of Cicero, for cruel oppression of the provincials, but he succeeded in buying off the accuser, and the persecution came to nothing.

5: _tu--valuisti_: “you had power enough not only to disregard the judicial trials, but also to subvert them and weaken their power.” Distinguish _jus_, what the law ordains, or the obligations it imposes, from _lex_, a written statute or ordinance. --_quaestiones_: the _praetor urbanus_ and _praetor peregrinus_ dispensed justice in private and less important cases. In case of any magnitude the people acted as jury themselves, or appointed one or more to preside at the trial. Those appointed were called _quaesitores_ or _quaestores_. In 150 B.C. _four_ permanent praetors were appointed to aid the _praetor urbanus_ and _praetor peregimus_. One had charge of all cases of extortion; another, of bribery; another, of treason; another, of frauds against the public treasury. These four classes of trials were called _quaestiones perpetuae_.

_superiora_: “former acts of yours.”

6: _nunc--ferendum_: “but now that I should be wholly on your account the slave of fear, that in every, even the least rumour, Catiline should be dreaded, that no plot seems possible to be entered into, in which your villany has no share (these things, I say), are not to be endured.” --_totam_: fem: referring to _patriam_.

7: _ne--opprimar_: scil. _discede, atque hunc mihi timorem eripe_.